242 results on '"HIV AIDS"'
Search Results
202. Transmisi Seksual (Pmts) Di Kalangan Wanita Pekerja Seks (Wps) Lokasi Gang Laler Kemayoran Jakarta Pusat Tahun 2014
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Hubaybah, H. (Hubaybah), Hubaybah, H. (Hubaybah), Fadzlul, F. (Fadzlul), Hubaybah, H. (Hubaybah), Hubaybah, H. (Hubaybah), and Fadzlul, F. (Fadzlul)
- Abstract
PMTS (HIV-AIDS Prevention Program through Sexual Transmission) is a program of HIV-AIDS prevention which was initiated by the National AIDS Commission (KPAN), its aim is to do HIV prevention comprehensively, interactively and effectively on the key population which is female sex workers, however, as it is known that the purpose of this program has not been reached. The research objective was to evaluate HIV-AIDS prevention program through sexual transmittion among female sex workers at Gang Laler Kemayoran Central Jakarta 2014.The research is using cualitative method, data assessment method is found through deep interview and document review, data validation is using triangulate sourch, data and method. The reseach show thatlack of coordination, lack of funds, facilities and infrastructure have become the reason whythe goal PMTS program cannot be achieved yet, marked with dysfunctional Location Working Unit. Location Working Unit is one key to success that can run the entire activities, so the suggestions of this research are to improve the coordination of KPAK with LSM/NGO, SKPD, Location Working in a form of routine meetings, to allocate the routine funds for Location Working Unit and the entire activities, as well as providing facilities and infrastructure to support the activities.
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- 2016
203. Study of ocular manifestations in tuberculosis and its association with HIV AIDS in a tertiary care hospital.
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Bisht D and Pande R
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- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome immunology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Female, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections immunology, Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus epidemiology, Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus immunology, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, India epidemiology, Male, Multifocal Choroiditis epidemiology, Multifocal Choroiditis immunology, Panuveitis immunology, Phlebitis epidemiology, Phlebitis immunology, Prevalence, Tertiary Care Centers, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis immunology, Tuberculosis, Ocular immunology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary immunology, Uveitis, Anterior epidemiology, Uveitis, Anterior immunology, Uveitis, Intermediate epidemiology, Uveitis, Intermediate immunology, Vitreous Body, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemiology, Panuveitis epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Ocular epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: To assess and understand the prevalence and clinical presentation of ocular morbidity in patients suffering from tuberculosis and compare it with ocular involvement in patients coinfected with tuberculosis and HIV AIDS., Materials and Methods: This was a non-comparative, observational, cross sectional study done on 580 patients, who were diagnosed cases of tuberculosis, pulmonary or extrapulmonary, on or off treatment, visiting the Ophthalmology OPD, Tuberculosis OPD and ART Centre of the institute in the period from March 2015 to March 2018, screened for ocular morbidity., Results: Out of 580, 408 patients had only tuberculosis and 172 had tuberculosis with HIV AIDS. 108 patients were found to have ocular involvement (18.6%) out of which 63 were males and 45 were females. The prevalence of ocular morbidity in patients with only tuberculosis was found to be 16.4% and in those having both tuberculosis and HIV AIDS was found to be 23.8%., Conclusion: Our study concludes that posterior uveitis, pan uveitis, periphlebitis and vitritis are the most common ocular manifestations in tuberculosis. In patients with both tuberculosis and HIV most common ocular findings included vitritis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Our study also concludes that lower CD4 counts (less than 200) in HIV AIDS patient is significantly associated with ocular involvement., (Copyright © 2019 Tuberculosis Association of India. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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204. An Advanced AIDS Patient With CD4 <20 and Plasmablastic Lymphoma Achieving Complete Response With the V-EPOCH Regimen.
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Nelson B, Hong A, Iqbal F, and Venkatesan R
- Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is highly aggressive and carries a poor prognosis. Although the standard chemotherapy choice for most diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) is R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), subtypes of DLBCL such as PBL are less responsive to this treatment regimen. The preferred regimens for PBL include infusional EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin hydrochloride), HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and dexamethasone), or CODOX-M/IVAC (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, high-dose methotrexate/ifosfamide, etoposide, and high-dose cytarabine). Recent studies have begun to investigate the addition of other agents to these regimens to improve survival. This case report is about a patient with a history of advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count <20 who had CD20 negative plasmablastic lymphoma and was successfully treated with the combination of bortezomib and dose-adjusted EPOCH (V-EPOCH) and intrathecal chemotherapy, achieving complete response with optimal tolerance. To our knowledge, this is the first case to demonstrate a complete response with V-EPOCH for PBL in advanced AIDS with CD4 <20. We aim to highlight the importance of standardizing effective chemotherapeutic approaches to this cancer entity and augment the effectiveness of V-EPOCH therapy in the literature review., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2020, Nelson et al.)
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- 2020
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205. Disseminated Sporotrichosis With Brain Abscesses in an HIV-Infected Patient.
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Parker N, Strong N, Pichetsurnthorn P, Lalich D, and Moore T
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Sporotrichosis is a mycotic infection caused by the Sporothrix schenckii species complex. It typically presents as a localized, mostly cutaneous or lymphocutaneous infection, but has been increasingly presenting as a disseminated infection in immunocompromised individuals, especially in HIV/AIDS patients. We also included a literature review of sporotrichosis in this patient population. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness about atypical presentations of sporotrichosis in an attempt to decrease the time to diagnosis, initiate treatment earlier when infection is suspected, and improve overall survival in vulnerable patient populations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2020, Parker et al.)
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- 2020
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206. Rapidly Developing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pericarditis and Pericardial Tamponade.
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Ali L, Ghazzal A, Sallam T, and Cuneo B
- Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pericarditis is a rare life-threatening infection. A 46-year-old female with hypertension, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and recurrent neck abscesses, presented with a neck abscess and sepsis. Bloody purulent drainage from the abscess was found and antibiotics were started. Drainage was positive for MRSA. Four days after, course was complicated by acute pericarditis and pericardial tamponade; pericardial fluid was drained and was positive for MRSA. Vancomycin was continued, and aspirin and colchicine were started. Two days later, there was a recurrent pericardial fluid collection with loculation. Surgery was thought to be dangerous in the setting of CD4 count of 12. She was managed conservatively thereafter, with vancomycin, aspirin and colchicine, and was successfully discharged from the hospital., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2020, Ali et al.)
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- 2020
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207. Correlation between history of contact with people living with HIV/AIDS (PWAs) and tolerant attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and PWAs in rural Thailand.
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Takai, Akiko, Wongkhomthong, Som Arch, Akabayashi, Akira, Kai, Ichiro, Ohi, Gen, Naka, Koichi, Takai, A, Wongkhomthong, S, Akabayashi, A, Kai, I, Ohi, G, and Naka, K
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AIDS patients ,HIV infections ,SEX education ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,AIDS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
This study examines the hypothesis that people who have more contact with PWAs (people living with AIDS) are more tolerant than those who have no contact with them. Four provinces with different incidence of AIDS in 4 different regions of Thailand were selected. Structured questionnaire interviews were conducted with village people, asking about their history of contact with PWAs, and knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and PWAs (n = 434). An 'Attitude Score', which indicates an accepting attitude (or tolerance) toward HIV/AIDS and PWAs, was developed using the results of the questionnaire on attitudes. Six factors: sex, education, age, province, knowledge, and history of contact with PWAs were positively correlated with the Attitude Score. After a multiple regression analysis, contact with PWAs was significantly associated with Attitude Score. This study is one of the first analytical studies conducted in a non-Western country to show that people's tolerant attitudes towards HIV/AIDS and PWAs are positively related to their history of contact with HIV/AIDS and PWAs. This findings should have important implications for future educational programmes and preventative intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1998
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208. PENGINTEGRASIAN PENDIDIKAN PENCEGAHAN HIV AIDS DALAM SATUAN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN NONFORMAL DAN INFORMAL
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Ade Kusmiadi
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NFE ,Medical education ,HIV AIDS ,Learning community ,Prevention education ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Stigma (botany) ,integrated ,medicine.disease ,prevention ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,CLC ,medicine ,Empowerment ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Community Learning Center (CLC) is a strategic place for various community learning activities thatfocus on potency empowerment to mobilize development in education, social, economy, and cultureincluding HIV AIDS prevention. Unfortunately, a few CLCs carry out the prevention education of HIVAIDS. This article provides a guide for educational and non-educational personnels in CLC/PKBM to carry out the integration of HIV AIDS prevention education either into CLC’s activities or subjectmatters within courses and youth programs. They are expected to be able to improve their skills inintegrating HIV AIDS education prevention and taking a part to combat stigma and discrimination.
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- 2008
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209. Frequent and systematic unprotected anal intercourse among men using the Internet to meet other men for sexual purposes in France: results from the 'Gay Net Barometer 2006' Survey
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Louis-Robert Frigault, Alain Léobon, Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,HIV AIDS ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Statistics as Topic ,Human sexuality ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,Men who have sex with men ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Risk-Taking ,0302 clinical medicine ,5. Gender equality ,Anal sex ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,MSM ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality ,Homosexuality, Male ,media_common ,Internet ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,030505 public health ,Unsafe Sex ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social environment ,Middle Aged ,Sodomy ,barebacking ,France ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,Sexuality ,Demography - Abstract
International audience; For men who have sex with men (MSM), the Internet has imposed itself in the past decade as the place to be to meet other men with similar interests for sex or just to surf in search of excitement. This is a biennial study on the MSM in France. Between December 2005 and February 2006, 15,085 MSM completed an online questionnaire on their social and sexual uses of the Internet. Participants in the “The Gay Net Barometer 2006” study responded to questions related to their sexual and sexual risk behaviours. One third of respondents reported at least one event of unprotected anal intercourse while 11.1% reported frequent or systematic unprotected anal intercourse. These sexual risk behaviours were associated with various sociodemographic and sexual variables in addition to the recruitment website. The study suggests Internet users are not a homogeneous group and intervention targeting of them should be based on an in-depth understanding of the sexual cultures operating within websites.
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- 2008
210. Factors associated with depression among adolescents living with HIV in Malawi
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Alick C. Mazenga, Saeed Ahmed, Carla Sharp, Chi Nguyen, Xiaoying Yu, Akash Devandra, Maria H. Kim, and Peter N. Kazembe
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Male ,Malawi ,Adolescent ,HIV AIDS ,Cross-sectional study ,Population ,HIV Infections ,Disclosure ,Adolescents ,Logistic regression ,Social support ,Bayesian multivariate linear regression ,Humans ,Child ,10. No inequality ,education ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,education.field_of_study ,Schools ,Depression ,Beck Depression Inventory ,Bullying ,Mental health ,3. Good health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mental Health ,Africa ,Female ,Epidemiologic Methods ,Psychology ,Research Article ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Prior research suggests that a high prevalence of depression, with a detrimental impact on treatment outcomes exists among HIV-infected youth. Data on potential risk factors of depression among HIV-infected youth in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify contributory/protective factors associated with depression in Malawian adolescents 12–18 years old living with HIV. Methods Depression was measured by a validated Chichewa version of the Beck Depression Inventory version-II (BDI-II) and the Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). Data on variables thought to potentially be contributory/protective were collected and included: socio-demographics, past traumatic events/stressors, behavioural factors/social support, and bio-clinical parameters. Chi-square test or two-sample t-test was used to explore associations between factors and depression. Additional testing via linear/logistic regression, adjusting for age and sex, identified candidate variables (p
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- 2015
211. Polymorphisms of IL-6 174 G/C, IL-10 -592 C/A and risk of HIV/AIDS among North Indian population
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Sobti, Ranbir Chander, Berhane, Nega, Mahedi, Salih Abdul, Kler, Rupinder, Hosseini, Seyed Ali, Kuttiat, Vijish, and Wanchu, Ajay
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- 2010
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212. An Appraisal of Female Sex Work in Nigeria : Implications for Designing and Scaling Up HIV Prevention Programmes
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Ikpeazu, Akudo, Momah-Haruna, Amaka, Madu Mari, Baba, Thompson, Laura H., and Ogungbemi, Kayode
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HIV AIDS ,HIV prevention ,virus diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,female sex workers ,health programs - Abstract
The HIV epidemic in Nigeria is complex with diverse factors driving the epidemic. Accordingly, Nigeria's National Agency for the Control of AIDS is coordinating a large-scale initiative to conduct HIV epidemic appraisals across all states. These appraisals will help to better characterize the drivers of the epidemic and ensure that the HIV prevention programs match the local epidemic context, with resources allocated to interventions that have the greatest impact locally. Currently, the mapping and size estimation of Female Sex Workers (FSWs) - a major component of the appraisal has been completed in seven states. These states are using the data generated to plan, prioritize and scale-up sub-national HIV prevention programs.
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- 2014
213. Analisis Dampak Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Psikologis Penderita HIV AIDS di Kota Denpasar
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Yudi Pardita, Dewa Putu, Yudi Pardita, Dewa Putu, Sudibia, I. K. (I), Yudi Pardita, Dewa Putu, Yudi Pardita, Dewa Putu, and Sudibia, I. K. (I)
- Abstract
The Social, Economic, and Psychological Impacts of HIV AIDS Sufferers In Denpasar. This study aims to investigate the social, economic, and psychological impacts of HIV AIDS sufferers in Denpasar. Data was collected with accidental sampling of 86 respondents of HIV AIDS sufferers in Denpasar. McNemar test was used to measure the social, economic, and psychological impacts of the respondents before and after being infected with the HIV AIDS disease. The findings of the research indicate that social variables that changes after getting infected are the intensity of the meeting, the intensity of visiting their family or relatives, the intensity of mutual cooperation, and the intensity of attending the invitation of traditional gatherings. The economics variable that changes is only the working hour. The psychological indicators namely stress, frustration, anxiety, anger, denial, shyness, and grief also experienced changes.
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- 2014
214. Acelularidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo como factor pronóstico adverso en meningitis criptocóccica
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Roberto Radamés Larrea Fabra and Lizet Sánchez Valdés
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cryptococcal meningitis ,csf cellularity ,hiv aids ,lethality ,Medicine - Abstract
Introducción: las enfermedades oportunistas, y dentro de ellas la meningitis criptocóccica en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, constituyen causa mayor de letalidad en países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: identificar factores de mal pronóstico como la acelularidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) para individualizar medidas terapéuticas encaminadas al logro de una mayor supervivencia y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Métodos: se estudió la celularidad de todos los LCR de los 170 casos de Bojanala, North West, ingresados en el Hospital Provincial de Rustenburg, South África por meningitis criptocóccica desde mayo de 2001 hasta abril de 2004. Se interrelacionó el número de células blancas del LCR con la letalidad intrahospitalaria, seropositividad al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y nivel de linfocitos T4. Resultados: se detectó una asociación altamente significativa entre acelularidad basal del LCR y riesgo a morir, y significativa con progresión lineal de mayor mortalidad en los casos con descenso evolutivo del número de células blancas en sucesivos LCR. Se constató un alto índice de letalidad (36,5 %) por meningitis criptocóccica. No hubo diferencias significativas entre acelularidad y letalidad en pruebas de comparación de grupos acorde al nivel de linfocitos T4 y a la confirmación o no de la seropositividad al VIH. Conclusiones: tanto la acelularidad basal como la progresión descendente evolutiva del número de células blancas del LCR constituyen herramientas útiles para la predicción del riesgo a morir por meningitis criptocóccica.
215. We Need to Talk About Syphilis: Why is this STI on the rise?
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Todd, Carolyn L.
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SYPHILIS ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,TREPONEMA pallidum ,CONGENITAL, hereditary, & infantile syphilis ,ORAL sex - Published
- 2019
216. How to Talk to Your Partner About Getting Tested With Minimal Weirdness.
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Brabaw, Kasandra
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SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,SEXUAL partners ,CHLAMYDIA ,GONORRHEA ,PAPILLOMAVIRUSES - Published
- 2019
217. 11 Things Everyone Should Know About Uncircumcised Penises.
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CIRCUMCISION ,PENIS ,PRIAPISM ,SEXUAL health ,FORESKIN ,AIDS ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases - Published
- 2018
218. Cost of hospital care for HIV/AIDS infected patients in three general reference hospitals in Lubumbashi, DR Congo: prospective cohort study
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Françoise Malonga Kaj, Nono Mulubwa Kyalubile, Clarence Mukeng a Kaut, Grevisse Ditend Yav, Henri Mundongo Tshamba, Alphonse Kaij Kakambal, and Didier Vancaillie
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Predictive factors for healthcare consumption ,HIV Infections ,Hospitals, General ,hiv aids ,healthcare costs ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,Hospital Costs ,Prospective cohort study ,Socioeconomic status ,lcsh:R5-920 ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,business.industry ,Research ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Exact test ,Short stay ,Anti-Retroviral Agents ,Democratic Republic of the Congo ,Income ,Educational Status ,Female ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Healthcare costs, HIV AIDS, Predictive factors for healthcare consumption ,predictive factors for healthcare consumption ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
Introduction : This article analyses the composition of healthcare costs for HIV/AIDS infected patients in a country with limited resources and attempts to identify the factors that influence these costs. The aims are to calculate medical care costs, analysing how they vary depending on patients' income, and to evaluate the factors explaining healthcare consumption. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study focusing on patients who were admitted to hospital for a short stay between January 2010 and June 2011, before their integration into a specialised program. The patients were selected randomly. Free consent was obtained from all participants. Data were analysed using the SPSS 19.0 software. The significance threshold was set at 5% and the CI (Confidence Interval) at 95%. We used Kruskal-Wallis tests, Fisher's exact test and multiple linear regression. Results: We monitored 209 patients. Their average age was 36.37 years (SD: 8.72). The sex ratio was 0.58 and the women patients were generally younger than the male ones (p=0.011). The overall cost of healthcare amounted to $US 41,922. The cost of Antiretroviral Therapy represented 21.6% ($US 9,045). The price of para-clinical examinations represented 46% ($US 19,136) of the overall cost. The patient's average monthly income was $US 157.40 whereas the average direct cost per patient was$US 201.45. Both monthly income (t=4.385; p=0.0000) and education level (t=3.703 p=0.0003) were statistically significant predictive factors for healthcare consumption. The medical care costs for patients with opportunistic infections were nine times higher than those for patients who presented none. The presence of opportunistic infections increased healthcare consumption by approximately 31$ US (CI 95%: 15-46.9). Conclusion: The average direct cost for patients on each short-term stay was higher than the average monthly income. To be able to access the necessary services, the patients need additional resources, which are derived from various sources. Monthly income and the level of education were both statistically significant predictors for healthcare consumption. The analysis allows us to extend the study by using different analytical accounting approaches such as by case and by pathology. Key words : Healthcare costs, HIV AIDS, Predictive factors for healthcare consumption.
- Published
- 2013
219. ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS
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Raoul Herbrecht, Georgios Petrikkos, O. Lortholary, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Elio Castagnola, Maiken Cavling Arendrup, Andrew J. Ullmann, Jacques Bille, Andreas H. Groll, William W. Hope, Malcolm Richardson, Emmanuel Roilides, Jorge Garbino, Murat Akova, Bart Jan Kullberg, Thierry Calandra, Wouter Meersseman, Oliver A. Cornely, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, S. Arikan-Akdagli, Paul E. Verweij, Matteo Bassetti, Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen, J.P. Donnelly, Claudio Viscoli, and İç Hastalıkları
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Microbiology (medical) ,Invasive mycoses and compromised host Translational research [N4i 2] ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Antifungal Agents ,HIV AIDS ,First line ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,HIV Infections ,Guideline ,medicine.disease_cause ,Invasive mycoses and compromised host Infection and autoimmunity [N4i 2] ,Microbiology ,Oropharyngeal Candidiasis ,Immunocompromised Host ,Immune system ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Internal medicine ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,medicine ,Humans ,Highly Active ,Candida ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,business.industry ,Candidiasis ,virus diseases ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Europe ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Immunology ,Azole ,business ,Fluconazole ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 7): 6877 Abstract Mucosal candidiasis is frequent in immunocompromised HIV-infected highly active antiretroviral (HAART) naive patients or those who have failed therapy. Mucosal candidiasis is a marker of progressive immune deficiency. Because of the frequently marked and prompt immune reconstitution induced by HAART, there is no recommendation for primary antifungal prophylaxis of mucosal candidiasis in the HIV setting in Europe, although it has been evidenced as effective in the pre-HAART era. Fluconazole remains the first line of therapy for both oropharyngeal candidiasis and oesophageal candidiasis and should be preferred to itraconazole oral solution (or capsules when not available) due to fewer side effects. For patients who still present with fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis, oral treatment with any other azole should be preferred based on precise Candida species identification and susceptibility testing results in addition to the optimization of HAART when feasible. For vaginal candidiasis, topical therapy is preferred.
- Published
- 2012
220. Assessment of the Allocation of HIV Funding in Indonesia
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Gray, Richard T., Reyes, Josephine, Nadjib, Mardiati, Harimurti, Pandu, and Wilson, David P.
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HEALTHCARE FUNDING ,HIV AIDS ,AIDS RESPONSE ,ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPIES ,virus diseases ,HIV PREVENTION ,health care economics and organizations ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness and return on investment of HIV programs implemented during 2003-2010 in Indonesia and to contribute to the allocative efficiency of the HIV prevention response in Indonesia through analyses to inform the prioritization of resources for the 2015-2019 national HIV budget in the context of reductions in international donor funding. The spending-outcome relationships and epidemiological model were used to compare observed conditions with counterfactual scenarios of reduced/no programs to calculate he cost-effectiveness and estimate healthcare costs saved and thus the return on investment. Model simulations of epidemic projections over many combinations of possible resource allocations were used to identify optimal allocations for reducing new infections over the next HIV budget period.
- Published
- 2012
221. Le sfide dell'AIDS. Agricoltura e comunità rurali in Africa australe
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ZAMPONI, MARIO, C. FIAMINGO, and M. Zamponi
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LIVELIHOOD RURALI ,HIV AIDS ,AGRICOLTURA ,AFRICA AUSTRALE ,COMUNITÀ RURALI - Abstract
Il testo presenta le principali sfide che l'epidemia di HIV/AIDS pone alle comunità rurali dell'Africa australe (una delle aree a più alta incidenza della malattia). In particolare si presentano i problemi relativi allo sviluppo agricolo, all'accesso alla terra, alla formazione dei redditi per gli individui e per le comunità rurali della regione in rapporto al mutato contesto socioeconomico legato alla diffusione dell'epidemia.
- Published
- 2012
222. Participatory approach to data warehousing in health care : UGANDA’S Perspective
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Otine, Charles
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HIV AIDS ,Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap ,data mining in health care ,participatory methodology ,data warehouse ,Uganda ,Media and Communications - Abstract
This licentiate thesis presents the use of participatory approach to developing a data warehouse for data mining in health care. Uganda is one of the countries that faced the largest brunt of the HIV/AIDS epidemic at its inception in the early 1980s with reports of close to a million deaths. Government and nongovernmental interventions over the years saw massive reductions in HIV prevalence rates over the years. This reduction in HIV prevalence rates led to great praises by the international community and a call for other countries to model Uganda’s approach to battling the epidemic. In the last decade the reduction in HIV prevalence rates have stagnated and in some cases increased. This has lead to a call for reexamination of the HIV/AIDS fight with an emphasis on collective efforts of all approaches. One of these collective efforts is the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for those already infected with the virus. Antiretroviral therapy has numerous challenges in Uganda not least of which is the cost of the therapy especially on a developing country with limited resources. It is estimated that of the close to 1 million infected in Uganda only 300,000 are on antiretroviral therapy (UNAIDS, 2009). Additional challenges of the therapy includes following through a treatment regimen that is prescribed. Given the costs of the therapy and the limited number of people able to access the therapy it is imperative that this effort be as effective as possible. This research hinges on using data mining techniques with monitoring HIV patient’s therapy, most specifically their adherence to ART medication. This is crucial given that failure to adhere to therapy means treatment failure, virus mutation and huge losses in terms of costs incurred in administering the therapy to the patients. A system was developed to monitor patient adherence to therapy, by using a participatory approach of gathering system specification and testing to ensure acceptance of the system by the stakeholders. Due to the cost implications of over the shelf software the development of the system was implemented using open source software with limited license costs. These can be implemented in resource constrained settings in Uganda and elsewhere to assist in monitoring patients in HIV therapy. A algorithm that is used to analyze the patient data warehouses for information on and quickly assists therapists in identifying potential risks such as non-adherence and treatment failure. Open source dimensional modeling tools power architect and DB designer were used to model the data warehouse using open source MYSQL database. The thesis is organized in three parts with the first part presenting the background information, the problem, justification, objectives of the research and a justification for the use of participatory methodology. The second part presents the papers, on which this research is based and the final part contains the summary discussions, conclusions and areas for future research. The research is sponsored by SIDA under the collaboration between Makerere University and Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) in Sweden.
- Published
- 2011
223. World Bank-Financed HIV Projects in the Caribbean : Lessons for Working with Small States
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Carpio, Carmen, De Geyndt, Willy, and Chao, Shiyan
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PUBLIC INFORMATION ,COMMERCIAL SEX ,NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ,NEW INFECTIONS ,DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ,DRUG USERS ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA ,WASTE ,SOCIAL FACTORS ,AIDS PROGRAMS ,THERAPY ,SHORT SUPPLY ,AIDS PROGRAM ,HEALTH SYSTEM ,POPULATION GROUPS ,VULNERABLE POPULATIONS ,LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH ,SEX WORKERS ,HEALTH REFORM ,MULTI-COUNTRY AIDS ,TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE ,MOTHER-TO-CHILD ,POLICY MAKERS ,BLOOD SAFETY ,CHILD DEATHS ,MIGRANTS ,NATIONAL LEVEL ,IMMUNODEFICIENCY ,MEDICAL OFFICER ,RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS ,AIDS CASE ,TREATMENT SERVICES ,RESOURCE ALLOCATION ,WORLD POPULATION ,HEALTH INFORMATION ,WORKERS ,HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ,INFECTIOUS DISEASES ,CRIME ,STIS ,PREVENTION ACTIVITIES ,FEMALE ,DRUG RESISTANCE ,MOTHER ,NEGATIVE EFFECTS ,MEDICINES ,PRESIDENTIAL DECREE ,TRANSMISSION RATES ,REGIONAL NEEDS ,AIDS RELIEF ,NATIONAL AIDS ,HIV POSITIVE ,SEX WORKER ,HIV INFECTIONS ,ADULT POPULATION ,MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION ,SOCIAL ISSUES ,DISEASE PREVENTION ,NUMBER OF AIDS CASES ,CONDOM DISTRIBUTION ,DIAGNOSIS ,PATIENT ,CHRONIC DISEASES ,PUBLIC SERVICES ,NATIONAL LAWS ,MALARIA ,QUALITY CONTROL ,RESPONSE TO AIDS ,PATIENTS ,DRUG ADHERENCE ,PREVALENCE RATES ,PROGRESS ,CONDOM ,VULNERABILITY ,LONGER LIVES ,INFORMATION SYSTEM ,BEHAVIOR CHANGE ,HIV PREVENTION ,LEVELS OF KNOWLEDGE ,INJECTING DRUG USERS ,RISKY BEHAVIORS ,DYING ,VIRAL LOAD ,HUMAN RIGHTS ,HEALTH SECTOR ,PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS ,WORLD POPULATION DATA ,GLOBAL HIV/AIDS ,SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ,POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS ,VULNERABLE GROUPS ,COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,HEALTH PROMOTION ,PREGNANT WOMEN ,SKILLED STAFF ,MOTHER TO CHILD ,REGIONAL MEETING ,PHARMACEUTICALS ,HIV AIDS ,COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS ,DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES ,ANTENATAL CARE ,ADULT PREVALENCE ,UNIVERSAL ACCESS ,PANDEMIC ,RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS ,NATIONAL STRATEGY ,LIMITED RESOURCES ,UNAIDS ,UNFPA ,CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,EMERGENCY PLAN ,INFECTIOUS DISEASE ,HEALTH MINISTRIES ,HEALTH RESEARCH ,PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION ,HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ,VOLUNTARY COUNSELING ,ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME ,MINISTRY OF HEALTH ,POLITICAL LEADERSHIP ,MINISTRIES OF HEALTH ,HEALTH POLICY ,HEALTH WORKFORCE ,INTRAVENOUS DRUG USERS ,CONDOMS ,DISSEMINATION ,SOCIAL MOBILIZATION ,LABORATORY SERVICES ,SUPPORT FOR PEOPLE ,HEALTH WORKERS ,IMMUNE DEFICIENCY ,TB ,YOUTH ,HEALTH CARE ,RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS ,DISASTERS ,ORPHANS ,HEALTH SYSTEMS ,NUTRITION ,PUBLIC HEALTH ,ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT ,PREVENTION COUNSELING ,TREATMENT REGIMEN ,HIV POSITIVE PEOPLE ,NURSING ,HIV ANTIBODIES ,GOOD GOVERNANCE ,TRANSMISSION ,POPULATION STRATEGY ,GLOBAL AIDS PROGRAM ,EXERCISES ,POLICY RESPONSE ,PEOPLE WITH AIDS ,HUMAN CAPACITY ,ILLNESS ,DISTRIBUTION OF CONDOMS ,TUBERCULOSIS ,LEGAL STATUS ,ILLNESSES ,QUALITY OF LIFE ,SPECIALIST ,VULNERABLE CHILDREN ,NATIONAL AIDS COUNCILS ,DRUGS ,SEX WITH MEN ,FEMALE SEX WORKERS ,SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION ,WORKFORCE ,HIV AIDS PREVENTION ,PROSTITUTION ,DISEASE CONTROL ,HIV TRANSMISSION ,REFERRAL SYSTEMS ,HEALTH MANAGEMENT ,SEX WORK ,AT RISK GROUPS ,SMALL COUNTRIES ,WELLNESS ,HIV ,LAWS ,RISK POPULATIONS ,CAPACITY BUILDING ,HIV INFECTION ,DISCRIMINATION ,NURSE ,NUMBER OF PEOPLE ,CHRONIC DISEASE ,NATIONAL AIDS PREVENTION ,GLOBAL AIDS EPIDEMIC ,NURSES ,AIDS PROJECTS - Abstract
This paper summarizes the key findings of an 'After Action Review' (AAR) that reflects a decade of experience in designing and implementing ten HIV/AIDS projects in the Caribbean, financed by the World Bank. The objective is to identify what worked (and what didn't) in the project approach, design and implementation, distilling useful lessons for other projects in small states.
- Published
- 2010
224. An assessment of occupational therapists' and physiotherapists' knowledge and perceptions concerning the treatment of patients with HIV and AIDS
- Author
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Concha, M.E., Hansson, M., Hessel, S., and Svantesson, U
- Subjects
therapy ,HIV AIDS ,transmission modes ,stages of HIV progression - Abstract
With the prevalence of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) being approx 18% in South Africa, it is highly likely that occupational therapists (OTs) and physiotherapists (PTs) working in hospitals will be in daily contact with patients who are HIV positive. It is therefore important that these therapists be knowledgeable about the condition, its causes, progress and the rehabilitative intervention if they are to make a difference in the lives of these patients. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the knowledge and perceptions that a sample of OTs and PTs had of HIV and AIDS as previous studies had found the knowledge and attitudes of health professionals towards these patients to be poor. It was therefore thought to be important to ascertain whether this had changed in more recent years. A purposive sample of 49 OTS and PTs, drawn from the list of therapists who were employed in the public hospitals of Limpopo Province where both OTs and PTs worked, were selected for the study. These therapists were required to answer a questionnaire which contained both open and closed questions covering knowledge and perceptions of HIV and the Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The questionnaire was given to the therapists at specially organised meetings at each of the hospitals selected. Thirty five therapists who attended these sessions, answered the questionnaire. The findings of this study confirmed that of other researchers, namely that there is a relatively poor knowledge base of HIV and AIDS, and therapists generally are uncomfortable being in contact with this type of patient. Thus indicating that, in spite of the increased number of patients who are HIV+ and who have AIDS and the consequent increase in contact between therapist and client, the knowledge base of OTs and PTs in this sample was no different from that found in previous studies. Thus pointing out that there is an urgent need to address these deficiencies through training and mentoring.
- Published
- 2010
225. The Sexual Superhighway Revisited
- Author
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Engler, Kim, Frigault, Louis-Robert, Léobon, Alain, Lévy, Joseph, MCGill University Health Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
- Subjects
Internet ,Gay ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,HIV AIDS ,HIV RISK ,MSM ,QUALITATIVE - Abstract
International audience; Among gay men, serious health risks (unsafe sex, compulsivity) are associated with seeking sex on the Internet. To better understand the repercussions of this activity from a user's perspective, qualitative interviews with 22 gay men reporting Internet use for sexual purposes were submitted to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The repercussions perceived clustered around themes of sociability (making contact and meeting consequences), sexuality (discovering and deviating), identity (becoming and concealing), and dependency. Findings may help improve the relevance and appeal of online interventions with gay men and sensitize professionals to health issues not traditionally reported in the scientific and clinical literature on gay men and Internet use.
- Published
- 2008
226. Reasons given by pregnant women for not returning for their results following voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for the human immunodeficiency virus at Embhuleni Hospital
- Author
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Nzaumvila, Doudou Kunda and Nzaumvila, Doudou Kunda
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In 2007 36% of the pregnant women tested positive for HIV at Embhuleni Hospital and its satellite clinics. However, only one quarter of those returned to the wellness clinic for their CD4 results so as to begin with Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (ART) if they qualified. The rest would not return to the wellness clinic, and would only present late with opportunistic infections or a subsequent pregnancy. The study aimed at exploring the reasons why women who had been tested for HIV by means of VCT failed to return for their CD4 results, to understand those reasons, to determine what information was given to them before they were tested, to assess the availability of personal support systems (family, friends, etc), and finally to assess the women’s understanding of HIV/AIDS, for which they were tested. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using the free attitude interview technique for data collection. The Ante-natal care (ANC) clinic register of the Embhuleni Hospital was used to trace patients who had consented for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), but who had since not returned for their results after 30 days of testing. Those patients were visited at their places of residence by the research team (interviewing nurse and the researcher) to request them to participate in the study. The exploratory question was: “May you tell us why you did not come back for your HIV test results?” “Sicela usichazele kutsi yinindzaba ungasetanga kutewuhlola imiphumela yakho yengati? (SiSwati Version). The interviews were audio recorded and field notes taken. The interviewer sought clarification for unclear issues raised, and gave reflective summaries at the conclusion of each idea under discussion. The interviews continued until there was information saturation. In this study, was reached at respondent number nine. The audio-tapes were transcribed verbatim, followed by translation into English. The emerging themes formed the basis for the write-up. RESULT
- Published
- 2010
227. These Are the Only Kinds of Birth Control That Also Protect Against STIs: Just two modes of contraception do this double duty.
- Author
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Miller, Korin
- Subjects
BIRTH control ,PREVENTION of sexually transmitted diseases ,CONDOMS ,HIV ,CONTRACEPTION - Published
- 2018
228. The Difference Between HPV and HIV, Since Some People Seem Confused.
- Author
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Wang, Emily
- Subjects
PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases ,HIV ,IMMUNE system - Published
- 2018
229. How to Clean Your Sex Toys So You Can Use Them Safely: Safe sex with yourself is a thing.
- Author
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Lanquist, Lindsey
- Subjects
SEX toys ,VAGINA ,ACRYLONITRILE butadiene styrene resins ,BOROSILICATES ,HYGIENE - Published
- 2018
230. Why Are So Few Young People Getting Tested for HIV?
- Author
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Gillespie, Claire
- Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HIV infection risk factors ,YOUTH ,MEN who have sex with men ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,HEALTH - Published
- 2018
231. Conocimientos de aspectos de la sexualidad en padres de adolescentes pertenecientes a un consultorio
- Author
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Alejandro Fadragas Fernández, Yolaine Deliz Airosa, and Javier Maure Barcia
- Subjects
sexuality ,adolescents ,HIV AIDS ,fathers ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920
232. Le sida, régénérateur des mythes dans les foyers de travailleurs immigrés
- Author
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Musso, Sandrine, Centre d'Etudes Africaines (CEAf), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), and VERGER, Emmanuelle
- Subjects
[SHS.ANTHRO-SE] Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,HIV AIDS ,Migrants / Migration ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 1997
233. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection—21 plus 13
- Author
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Marcello Tavio, F.E.B.S. Umberto Baccarani M.D., Pierluigi Viale, Gian Luigi Adani, Baccarani U, Adani GL, Tavio M, and Viale P
- Subjects
Hepatology ,HIV AIDS ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,LIVER TRANSPLANTATION ,Liver transplantation ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virology ,Text mining ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Hepatocellular carcinoma ,medicine ,business - Abstract
the 1-, 3-, and 5-year patient and graft survival rates were 84.6%, 84.6%, and 70.5% and 84.6%, 84.6%, and 84.6%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 35 months(range ¼ 2-73 months).
- Published
- 2011
234. Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of HIV Integrase
- Author
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PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH INST OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK INC, Murphy, Ellen, PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH INST OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK INC, and Murphy, Ellen
- Abstract
Our long range goal is to understand the macromolecular interactions responsible for the integration of HIV DNA into human chromosomes. The primary goal of this project was to develop biochemical assays for the interaction of the HIV-1 integrase protein with its DNA target, the viral LTRs. The gene encoding IN was subcloned from infectious viral DNA and was expressed in both E. coli and in insect cells. The lack of any additional carboxy-terminal processing of IN was demonstrated. Several different solubilization procedures were developed for the purification of integrase. DNA substrates for IN have been constructed; these include synthetic oligonucleotide substrates corresponding to the LTRs and a circular substrate containing the liqated junction of the two LTRs, obtained by polymerase chain amplification from HIV-infected cells. Recombinant protein purified from E. coli is active in a trimming assay in which 2 base pairs are removed from the 3' end of an oligonucleotide substrate. Integration of one labeled substrate into another was also observed. E. coli strains expressing integrase were found to be resistant to infection by single- stranded DNA and RNA bacteriophages.
- Published
- 1991
235. Alicia Keys on Fighting HIV/AIDS with Love: We Must 'Talk to Our Kids About Having Compassion'.
- Author
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Maslow, Nick
- Published
- 2016
236. The Role of Acceptance and Mindfulness in People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Meta-analysis
- Author
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Rodriguez, Tatiana
- Subjects
- Behavioral Psychology, Psychology, Psychotherapy, HIV AIDS, Meta-analysis, Acceptance, Mindfulness, Quality of life
- Abstract
More than 1 million people in the United States live with an HIV diagnosis. HIV/AIDS is a chronic condition that has negative health outcomes. Latinos living in the U.S. are also affected by HIV/AIDS. Acceptance and mindfulness are coping strategies that have been associated with better health outcomes in different medical populations, including people living with HIV/AIDS. To the researcher's knowledge, this is the first meta-analytic review to explore the relationships among acceptance, mindfulness, and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS, including HIV-positive Latinos. Results indicate that pre to post treatment effect sizes for mindfulness and acceptance interventions are moderate and reliable for self-report measures of distress, quality of life, and stable HIV biomarkers. Treatment control comparisons at post treatment yielded small effect sizes for self-report measures. For correlational studies, a similar pattern of results was found. Mindfulness and acceptance predicted lower self-reported distress, improved quality of life, and healthier HIV biomarkers. This pattern of results indicates that acceptance andmindfulness are effective for the psychological treatment of HIV/AIDS. Results alsoindicate that Latinos are underrepresented in the HIV literature.
- Published
- 2014
237. HIV May Be Evolving To Become Less Contagious And Deadly, Study Shows.
- Author
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Iyengar, Rishi
- Abstract
The virus is weakening as it adapts to the human immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
238. It May Be Possible To Prevent HIV Even Without a Vaccine.
- Author
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Park, Alice
- Abstract
"We're removing the doorway that HIV uses to get into cells" [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
239. ESCMID* *This guideline was presented in part at ECCMID 2011. European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS
- Author
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Lortholary, O., Petrikkos, G., Akova, M., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bassetti, M., Bille, J., Calandra, T., Castagnola, E., Cornely, O.A., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Donnelly, J.P., Garbino, J., Groll, A.H., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W.W., Jensen, H.E., Kullberg, B.J., Lass-Flörl, C., Meersseman, W., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Verweij, P.E., Viscoli, C., and Ullmann, A.J.
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Europe ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV AIDS ,Candidiasis ,virus diseases ,guideline - Abstract
Mucosal candidiasis is frequent in immunocompromised HIV-infected highly active antiretroviral (HAART) naive patients or those who have failed therapy. Mucosal candidiasis is a marker of progressive immune deficiency. Because of the frequently marked and prompt immune reconstitution induced by HAART, there is no recommendation for primary antifungal prophylaxis of mucosal candidiasis in the HIV setting in Europe, although it has been evidenced as effective in the pre-HAART era. Fluconazole remains the first line of therapy for both oropharyngeal candidiasis and oesophageal candidiasis and should be preferred to itraconazole oral solution (or capsules when not available) due to fewer side effects. For patients who still present with fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis, oral treatment with any other azole should be preferred based on precise Candida species identification and susceptibility testing results in addition to the optimization of HAART when feasible. For vaginal candidiasis, topical therapy is preferred.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Acelularidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo como factor pronóstico adverso en meningitis criptocóccica
- Author
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Roberto Radamés Larrea Fabra and Lizet Sánchez Valdés
- Subjects
lethality ,cryptococcal meningitis ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,hiv aids ,csf cellularity - Abstract
Introducción: las enfermedades oportunistas, y dentro de ellas la meningitis criptocóccica en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, constituyen causa mayor de letalidad en países en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: identificar factores de mal pronóstico como la acelularidad del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) para individualizar medidas terapéuticas encaminadas al logro de una mayor supervivencia y calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Métodos: se estudió la celularidad de todos los LCR de los 170 casos de Bojanala, North West, ingresados en el Hospital Provincial de Rustenburg, South África por meningitis criptocóccica desde mayo de 2001 hasta abril de 2004. Se interrelacionó el número de células blancas del LCR con la letalidad intrahospitalaria, seropositividad al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y nivel de linfocitos T4. Resultados: se detectó una asociación altamente significativa entre acelularidad basal del LCR y riesgo a morir, y significativa con progresión lineal de mayor mortalidad en los casos con descenso evolutivo del número de células blancas en sucesivos LCR. Se constató un alto índice de letalidad (36,5 %) por meningitis criptocóccica. No hubo diferencias significativas entre acelularidad y letalidad en pruebas de comparación de grupos acorde al nivel de linfocitos T4 y a la confirmación o no de la seropositividad al VIH. Conclusiones: tanto la acelularidad basal como la progresión descendente evolutiva del número de células blancas del LCR constituyen herramientas útiles para la predicción del riesgo a morir por meningitis criptocóccica.
241. Conocimientos de aspectos de la sexualidad en padres de adolescentes pertenecientes a un consultorio
- Author
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Alejandro Fadragas Fernández, Yolaine Deliz Airosa, and Javier Maure Barcia
- Subjects
lcsh:R5-920 ,HIV AIDS ,fathers ,adolescents ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,sexuality
242. Returns on investments of HIV prevention in Vietnam
- Author
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Lei Zhang, Quang Duy Pham, Hoa Mai Do, Kerr, Cliff C., and Wilson, David P.
- Subjects
HEALTH SPENDING ,HEALTHCARE FUNDING ,ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ,HIV AIDS ,HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURE ,HIV PREVENTION ,health care economics and organizations ,ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY - Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness and returns on investments of HIV prevention programs implemented during 2006-2010 and to identify the optimal allocation of resources across combinations of programs for an effective HIV prevention response to inform the prioritization of funding and health resources in Vietnam. The spending-outcome relationships and an epidemiological model were used to compare observed conditions with counterfactual scenarios of reduced or no programs to calculate the cost-effectiveness and estimate healthcare costs saved and thus the return on investment. Model simulations of epidemic projections over many combinations of possible resource allocations were used to identify optimal allocations for reducing new infections over the next HIV budget period.
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