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With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

The most accessible, clinically focused guide to brain mapping techniques and systems This profusely illustrated, concise, yet detailed sourcebook enables both neurosurgeons and neurologists to map functions to specific cognitive and sensory locations in the brain. Clinical Brain Mapping takes you step by step through the methods and functional bases of the techniques, focusing on all clinical situations that require cerebral localization for diagnosis and therapeutic management. Clinical Brain Mapping is cohesively organized into two sections: Techniques and Systems. The first section covers the full scope of methods for determining cerebral location, from the classic Wada test to the newest fMRI and magnetoencephalography procedures. In the Systems section, expert contributors offer key insights into the systems that are mapped with a multi-modality approach, covering somatomotor and somatosensory function, language, vision, hearing, and memory. The book concludes with informative chapters on specific applications of mapping techniques. FEATURES 350 radiologic images and EEG tracings show each brain mapping technique, adding depth and clarity to chapter material Multi-modal approach focuses on a wide array of clinical concerns and corresponding methods, including: Operative anatomy and structural neuroimaging; Functional MRI and magnetoencephalography; Optical imaging; Neuropsychological testing and the Wada test; Extraoperative brain mapping; Electrocorticographic spectral analysis

With one new volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of botany. The present volume includes reviews on structural botany, plant physiology, genetics, taxonomy, and geobotany.

The plant physiology and plant molecular biology research group has evidently endorsed the new directions taken by the treatise to attract the pre-eminent scientists in plant biology/plant sciences. Certainly, the preparation of Volume 13 of the International Treatise Series on Advances in Plant Physiology has been done entirely due to commendable contributions from Scientists of Eminence in unequivocal fields. Unquestionably, our objective is to publish innovative science of value across the broad disciplinary range of the treatise. I restate that this plan has been undertaken with a view to strengthen the indistinguishable efforts to recognize the outcome of meticulous research in some of the very sensible and stirring areas of Plant Physiology-Plant Molecular Physiology/ Biology-Plant Biochemistry for holistic development of the science of agriculture and crop production under changing climate. I am ardent to keep on the exceptionality and the prologue of excellent new ideas ensuring that the treatise calls to the best science done across the full extent of modern plant biology, in general, and plant physiology, in particular. In Volume 13, with inventive applied research, attempts have been made to bring together much needed eighteen review articles by forty-eight contributors especially from premier institutions of India for this volume. All the eighteen review articles have been grouped in five broad sections, which on the whole highlight the necessity to find out evidence from the fields of plant nutriophysiology (physiology of plant mineral nutrients) and abiotic stresses under changing climate along with their control.

Soybean is one of the major world crops. In 2008, the world consumption of soybean was over 221 million metric tons of which approximately 50% came from the U.S.. Soybean seed is a major source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, isoflavones, and minerals for humans and animals. This book presents current research data from across the globe in the study of soybean cultivation, its uses and nutrition. Some topics discussed herein include soybean seed composition and quality; soybean peroxidase applications in wastewater treatment; soybean germination and cancer disease; soybean oil deodorizer distillate; soybean oil in health and disease; and the use of soybean peptone in bacterial cultivations for vaccine production.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters.In order to function and survive, plants produce a wide array of chemical compounds not found in other organisms. Photosynthesis requires a large array of pigments, enzymes, and other compounds to function, and these chemicals have multiple practical uses in the human world as well, with applicat

The soybean is an economically important leguminous seed crop for feed and food products that is rich in seed protein (about 40 percent) and oil (about 20 percent); it enriches the soil by fixing nitrogen in symbiosis with bacteria. Soybean was domesticated in northeastern China about 2500 BC and subsequently spread to other countries. The enormous

To cope with the increasing problems created by agrochemicals such as plant fertilizers, pesticides and other plant protection agents, biological alternatives have been developed over the past years. These include biopesticides, such as bacteria for the control of plant diseases, and biofertilizer to improve crop productivity and quality. Especially plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are as effective as pure chemicals in terms of plant growth enhancement and disease control, in addition to their ability to manage abiotic and other stresses in plants. The various facets of these groups of bacteria are treated in this Microbiology Monograph, with emphasis on their emergence in agriculture. Further topics are Bacillus species that excrete peptides and lipopeptides with antifungal, antibacterial and surfactant activity, plant-bacteria-environment interactions, mineral-nutrient exchange, nitrogen assimilation, biofilm formation and cold-tolerant microorganisms.

Environmental insults such as extremes of temperature, extremes of water status as well as deteriorating soil conditions pose major threats to agriculture and food security. Employing contemporary tools and techniques from all branches of science, attempts are being made worldwide to understand how plants respond to abiotic stresses with the aim to help manipulate plant performance that will be better suited to withstand these stresses. This book on abiotic stress attempts to search for possible answers to several basic questions related to plant responses towards abiotic stresses. Presented in this book is a holistic view of the general principles of stress perception, signal transduction and regulation of gene expression. Further, chapters analyze not only model systems but extrapolate interpretations obtained from models to crops. Lastly, discusses how stress-tolerant crop or model plants have been or are being raised through plant breeding and genetic engineering approaches. Twenty three chapters, written by international authorities, integrate molecular details with overall plant structure and physiology, in a text-book style, including key references.

Maize is one of the world's highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Beyond its major agricultural and economic contributions, maize has been a model species for genetics since it was the first plant to have a genetic map, initially published by Emerson and colleagues in 1935. Such central genetic phenomena as telomeres, nucleolar organizers, transposable elements and epigenetic gene regulation were all discovered first in maize, and later found to be universal eukaryotic genome properties. These central genetic contributions continue, including the characterization of the structure and evolution of complex plant genomes. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. In 1999, Peterson and Bianchi published'Maize Genetics and Breeding in the 20th Century', a highly personal account of the last hundred years of maize genetics'. In 1968 and 1996, two editions of'The Mutants of Maize'were published, and these have been landmark books showing and briefly describing the contemporary genetic and molecular status of the maize mutant collection, a collection unsurpassed for any other organism, animal or plant. In the last seven years, there has been no publication targeting maize genetics, genomics or overall biology. Hence, a modern and comprehensive volume on the status (and future) of maize as a species for biological study is highly warranted. Handbook of Maize: Its Biology centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The book includes brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and features a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Until now, individuals interested in measuring biological signals non-invasively from typically developing children had few places to turn to find an overview of theory, methods, measures, and applications related to psychophysiology recordings in children. This volume briefly surveys the primary methods of psychophysiology that have been applied to developmental psychology research, what they have accomplished, and where the future lies. It outlines the practical issues that active developmental psychophysiology laboratories encounter and some solutions to deal with them. Developmental psychophysiology holds the key to forming the interface between structure and function necessary for the growth of developmental psychology.

“The path of carbon in photosynthesis”for Progress in Botany: 50 years of Calvin-Benson cycle – 30 years of Kelly-Latzko reviews While writing this Foreword and trying to focus my thoughts on the bioch- istry of photosynthesis, a handsome slim hardcover booklet of 104 pages bound in dark blue linen is in front of me on my desk: “The Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis” J. A. Bassham and M. Calvin,1957 I acquired it in the month of my oral Ph. D. -exams,April 1960,to get prepared with the Nobel-laureate's text. In 2004 in his last swan-song review for Progress in Botany Grahame J. Kelly celebrated “The Calvin cycle's golden jubilee”in an overview of 50 years of carbon flowing for the progress in botany. He had met Erwin Latzko in 1970 in another then foremost and now historic place of the biochemistry of photosynthesis, the laboratory of Martin Gibbs at Brandeis University, Massachusetts. Four years later Latzko and Kelly (1974) published their first joint review on photosynthetic carbon metabolism,starting off a long flow of articles on the flow of carbon in the series Progress in Botany. Most faithfully they produced regular accounts of the progress in Progress in Botany every second year, and when Erwin Latzko decided to retire after the 1996 review Grahame Kelly carried on alone.

A ‘textbook'plant typically comprises about 85% water and 13.5% carbohydrates. The remaining fraction contains at least 14 mineral elements, without which plants would be unable to complete their life cycles. Understanding plant nutrition and applying this knowledge to practical use is important for several reasons. First, an understanding of plant nutrition allows fertilisers to be used more wisely. Second, the nutritional composition of crops must be tailored to meet the health of humans and livestock. Third, many regions of the world are currently unsuitable for crop production, and an understanding of plant nutrition can be used to develop strategies either for the remediation of this land or for the cultivation of novel crops. That application of knowledge of plant nutrition can be achieved through genotypic or agronomic approaches. Genotypic approaches, based on crop selection and / or breeding (conventional or GM), have recently begun to benefit from technological advances, including the completion of plant genome sequencing projects. This book provides an overview of how plant nutritional genomics, defined as the interaction between a plant's genome and its nutritional characteristics, has developed in the light of these technological advances, and how this new knowledge might usefully be applied. This is a book for researchers and professionals in plant molecular genetics, biochemistry and physiology, in both the academic and industrial sectors.

Quite naturally, photosynthesis has achieved massive amounts of attention in recent years. Aside from being the most spectacular physiological process in plant growth, it is actually the key to our dealing with the potentially cataclysmic accumulation of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere. Unfortunately, while information is plentiful, all this attention has resulted in a scattered database on photosynthesis, with no contemporary starting point…at least until now. With the second edition of the Handbook of Photosynthesis, Mohammad Pessarakli once again fills the need for an authoritative and balanced resource by assembling a team of experts from across the globe. Together, they have created a comprehensive reference that in a single volume includes important background information, as well as the most recent research findings on photosynthesis. Completely Revised with Several New Chapters The handbook, a completely updated reworking of the critically acclaimed first edition, details all of the photosynthetic factors and processes under both normal and stressful conditions, covering lower and higher plants as well as related biochemistry and plant molecular biology. Divided into fourteen sections for ease of reference, with nearly 8000 bibliographic citations, the handbook contains authoritative contributions from over 80 scientists. It includes approximately 500 drawings, photographs, tables, and equations— all designed to reinforce and clarify important text material.

The last few years have seen an unprecedented drive toward the application of proteomics to resolving challenging biomedical and biochemical tasks. Separation techniques combined with modern mass spectrometry are playing a central role in this drive. This book discusses the increasingly important role of mass spectrometry in proteomic research, and emphasizes recent advances in the existing technology and describes the advantages and pitfalls as well. • Provides a scientifically valid method for analyzing the approximatey 500,000 proteins that are encoded in the human genome • Explains the hows and whys of using mass spectrometry in proteomic analysis • Brings together the latest approaches combining separation techniques and mass spectrometry and their application in proteome analysis • Comments on future challenges and how they may be addressed • Includes sections on troubleshooting

Handbook of Microalgal Culture is truly a landmark publication, drawing on some 50 years of worldwide experience in microalgal mass culture. This important book comprises comprehensive reviews of the current available information on microalgal culture, written by 40 contributing authors from around the globe. The book is divided into four parts, with Part I detailing biological and environmental aspects of microalgae with reference to microalgal biotechnology and Part II looking in depth at major theories and techniques of mass cultivation. Part III comprises chapters on the economic applications of microalgae, including coverage of industrial production, the use of microalgae in human and animal nutrition and in aquaculture, in nitrogen fixation, hydrogen and methane production, and in bioremediation of polluted water. Finally, Part IV looks at new frontiers and includes chapters on genetic engineering, microalgae as platforms for recombinant proteins, bioactive chemicals, heterotrophic production, microalgae as gene-delivery systems for expressing mosquitocidal toxins and the enhancement of marine productivity for climate stabilization and food security. Handbook of Microalgal Culture is an essential purchase for all phycologists and also those researching aquatic systems, aquaculture and plant sciences. There is also much of great use to researchers and those involved in product formulation within pharmaceutical, nutrition and food companies. Libraries in all universities and research establishments teaching and researching in chemistry, biological and pharmaceutical sciences, food sciences and nutrition, and aquaculture will need copies of this book on their shelves. Amos Richmond is at the Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

The Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques you have now in your hands is the result of several combined events and efforts. The birth of this handbook can be traced as far as 1997, when our Plant Ecophysiology lab at the University of Vigo hosted a practical course on Plant Ecophysiology Techniques. That course showed us how much useful a handbook presenting a bunch of techniques would be for the scientists beginning to work on Plant Ecophysiology. In fact, we wrote a short handbook explaining the basics of the techniques taught in that 1997 course: Flow cytometry to measure ploidy levels, Use of a Steady-State porometer to measure transpiration, In vivo measure of fluorescence, HPLC analysis of low molecular weight phenolics, Spectrophotometric determinations of free proline and soluble proteins, TLC polyamines contents measures, Isoenzymatic electrophoresis, Use of IRGA and oxygen electrode. That modest handbook, written in Spanish, was very helpful, both for the people who attended the course and for other who have used it for beginning to work in Plant Ecophysiology. The present Handbook is much more ambitious, and it includes more techniques. But we have also had in mind the young scientists beginning to work on Plant Ecophysiology. In 1999 François Pellissier leaded a proposal presented to the European Commission in the Fifth Framework Program in the High Level • Scientific Conferences, including three EuroLab Courses about lab and field techniques useful to improve allelopathic research.

Emphasizing the unpredictable nature of plant behaviour under stress and in relation to complex interactions of biological pathways, this work covers the versatility of plants in adapting to environmental change. It analyzes environmentally triggered adaptions in developmental programmes of plants that lead to permanent, heritable DNA modifications.