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BACKGROUND Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic lung disease characterized by the proliferation, metastasis, and infiltration of smooth muscle cells in the lung and other tissues, which can be associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The disorder of TSC has a variable expression, and there is great phenotypic variability. CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old Chinese woman with a history of multiple renal angioleiomyolipoma presented with a productive cough persisting for over 2 wk. High-resolution chest computed tomography revealed interstitial changes, multiple pulmonary bullae, bilateral pulmonary nodules, and multiple fat density areas of the inferior mediastinum. Conventional and contrast ultrasonography revealed multiple high echogenic masses of the liver, kidneys, retroperitoneum, and inferior mediastinum. These masses were diagnosed as angiomyolipomas. Pathology through thoracoscopic lung biopsy confirmed LAM. Furthermore, high-throughput genome sequencing of peripheral blood DNA confirmed the presence of a heterozygous mutation, c.1831C>T (p.Arg611Trp), of the TSC2 gene. The patient was diagnosed with TSC-LAM. CONCLUSION We highlight a rare case of TSC-LAM and the first report of a mediastinum lymphangioleiomyoma associated with TSC-LAM.

Two-dimensional heterostructures with tremendous electronic and optoelectronic properties hold great promise for nanodevice integrations and applications owing to the wide tunable characteristics. Toward this end, developing construction strategies in allusion to large-scale production of high-quality heterostructures is critical. The mainstream preparation routes are representatively classified into two categories of top-down and bottom-up approaches. Nonetheless, the relatively low reproductivity and the limitation for lateral heterostructure formations of top-down methods at the present stage inherently impeded their further developments. To surmount these obstacles, assembling heterostructures via miscellaneous bottom-up preparation protocols has emerged as a potential solution, attributed to the controllability and clean interface. Three typical approaches of chemical/physical vapor deposition, solution synthesis, and growth under ultrahigh vacuum conditions have shown promise due to the possibilities for preparing heterostructures with predesigned structures, clean interfaces, and the like. Therefore, bottom-up preparation engineering of heterostructures in two dimensions for further device applications is of vital importance. Moreover, heterostructure integrations by these methods have experienced a period of flourishing development in the past few years. In this review, the classical bottom-up growth routes, characterization methods, and latest progress of diverse heterostructures and further device applications are overviewed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are discussed.

This study investigated the knowledge, thoughts, and attitudes of oncology nurses in China regarding fertility preservation for male cancer patients of childbearing age, and for offering counseling or oncofertility services for the men in their care. Data was collected from 18 oncology nurses in Southwest China through voluntary self-report and in-depth interviews. The qualitative interview data were analyzed using a descriptive phenomenology method based on the lived experience of the nurses. The interviewees commonly reported 6 main concerns regarding fertility preservation (FP): their insufficient knowledge and inadequate nursing education; the importance of offering such services to cancer patients; legal vulnerability if FP information is withheld from patients; the role of the nurse in counseling; and barriers to discussing FP in practice. Nurses had a positive attitude toward FP, but most had no practical role in routinely informing male patients of their options, and the nurses believed that discussion of FP was outside their scope of practice. This study offers insight into the perceptions of oncology nurses in a developing country regarding the provision of FP services for adult male cancer patients. These results lead us to recommend that local fertility nurses should be given new training regarding FP. Furthermore, nurse-led clinics are desirable. Future research should focus on the effectiveness of nurse participation in FP counseling and referral, and how to improve the professional confidence of oncology nurses for addressing FP issues.

Dietary compounds play an important role in the prevention and treatment of many cancers, although their specific molecular mechanism is not yet known. In the present study, thirty dietary agents were analyzed on nine drug targets through in silico studies. However, nine dietary scaffolds, such as silibinin, flavopiridol, oleandrin, ursolic acid, α-boswellic acid, β-boswellic acid, triterpenoid, guggulsterone, and oleanolic acid potentially bound to the cavity of PI3K-α, PKC-η, H-Ras, and Ras with the highest binding energy. Particularly, the compounds silibinin and flavopiridol have been shown to have broad spectrum anticancer activity. Interestingly, flavopiridol was embedded in the pockets of PI3K-α and PKC-η as bound crystal inhibitors in two different conformations and showed significant interactions with ATP binding pocket residues. However, complex-based pharmacophore modeling achieved two vital pharmacophoric features namely, two H-bond acceptors for PI3K-α, while three are hydrophobic, one cat-donor and one H-bond donor and acceptor for PKC-η, respectively. The database screening with the ChemBridge core library explored potential hits on a valid pharmacophore query. Therefore, to optimize perspective lead compounds from the hits, which were subjected to various constraints such as docking, MM/GBVI, Lipinski rule of five, ADMET and toxicity properties. Henceforth, the top ligands were sorted out and examined for vital interactions with key residues, arguably the top three promising lead compounds for PI3K-α, while seven for PKC-η, exhibiting binding energy from − 11.5 to − 8.5 kcal mol−1. Therefore, these scaffolds could be helpful in the development of novel class of effective anticancer agents. © 2021, The Author(s). We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 31071152 and 31171209) for providing research fund to WG.

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Multiple-resonance (MR) organic emitters bearing small full-width at half-maximums (FWHMs) are of general interest in organic light-emitting diodes. Indolo[3,2,1- jk ]carbazole (ICz) embedded MR-fluorophors have demonstrated extremely small FWHMs, yet in the violet region with low electroluminescence efficiency. Herein, a strategic implementation of ICz subunits into MR fluorophors is proposed by taking advantage of the synergetic effect of para -positioned nitrogen atoms to enhance electronic coupling to decrease emitting energy gap. Deep blue emitters peaking at 441 and 447 nm with FWHMs of only 18 and 21 nm are thereof obtained respectively, accompanied by ~90% photo-luminance quantum yields. With the assistance of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizer to recycle excitons, the corresponding narrowband electroluminescent devices show unprecedent high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 32.0% and 34.7% with CIE y of 0.10 and 0.085, respectively.

As important foundational devices of organic electronics, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have great potential in logic circuits, radio frequency tags, and flexible backplanes. Structural ...

During long-term stacking storage, creep deformation of polymeric composite directors used in multiple launch rocket systems can appear, which affects rocket launch. In this work, E-glass/epoxy 6509 composite laminates were prepared and 60/60 min creep/creep-recovery tests were carried out in the transverse and shear directions at different stress levels. Parameters of the Schapery’s nonlinear viscoelastic equation were obtained based on the test data. Then, a three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model based on Schapery’s equation was implemented in the standard finite element code UMAT and a finite element model was developed to predict the creep deformation of the composite directors after 15 years of stacking storage. The effect of creep deformation on rocket launching was also studied. The results show that the residual deformation of the directors is a saddle-shaped distribution in three-dimensional space, the maximum residual deformation is 0.24 mm, and the minimum residual deformation is 0.22 mm. The creep deformation of the director causes a significant increase in the contact-collision force during launching, resulting in a decrease in the rocket run-off track velocity.

The materials community has witnessed a complexity expansion in semiconducting polymers by structural engineering. The most thriving area of polymeric semiconductors lies in the adoption of the hig...

Sleep deprivation (SD) has become a serious concern worldwide. This study aimed to identify key modules and candidate hub genes correlated with diseases caused by SD, using co-expression analysis. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to construct a co-expression network of hub genes correlated with SD. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to search for signaling pathways. The protein–protein interaction network analysis of central genes was performed to recognize the interactions among central genes. Molecular Complex Detection, a plugin in Cytoscape, was used to discover the hub gene clusters involved in SD. A total of 564 genes in the yellow module were identified based on the results of topological overlap measure–based clustering. The yellow module showed a pivotal correlation with SD. Six hub gene clusters prominently associated with SD were identified. Heat shock protein family and circadian clock genes among them may be the hub genes involved in SD. These genes and pathways might become therapeutic targets with clinical usefulness in the future.

BACKGROUND As an established, simple, inexpensive, and surprisingly effective diagnostic tool, right-heart contrast echocardiography (RHCE) might help in solving a vexing diagnostic problem. If performed appropriately and interpreted logically, RHCE allows for differentiation of various usual and unusual right-to-left shunts based on the site of injection and the sequence of microbubble appearance in the heart. CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old woman was readmitted to hospital with a 2-mo history of worsening palpitation and chest distress. Two years prior, she had been diagnosed with postpartum pulmonary embolism by conventional echocardiography and computed tomography angiography. While the latter showed no sign of pulmonary artery embolism, the former showed pulmonary artery hypertension, moderate insufficiency, and mild stenosis of the aortic valve. RHCE showed microbubbles appearing in the left ventricle, slightly delayed after right-heart filling with microbubbles; no microbubbles appeared in the left atrium and microbubbles’ appearance in the descending aorta occurred nearly simultaneous to right pulmonary artery filling with microbubbles. Conventional echocardiography was re-performed, and an arterial horizontal bidirectional shunt was found according to Doppler enhancement effects caused by microbubbles. The original computed tomography angiography findings were reviewed and found to show a patent ductus arteriosus. CONCLUSION RHCE shows a special imaging sequence for unexplained pulmonary artery hypertension with aortic valve insufficiency and simultaneous patent ductus arteriosus.

Organic semiconductor materials, especially donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers, have been increasingly applied in organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Plenty of high-performance OFETs and OSCs have been achieved based on varieties of structurally modified D–A polymers. As the basic building block of D–A polymers, acceptor moieties have drawn much attention. Among the numerous types, lactam- and imide-functionalized electron-deficient building blocks have been widely investigated. In this review, the structural evolution of lactam- or imide-containing acceptors (for instance, diketopyrrolopyrrole, isoindigo, naphthalene diimide, and perylene diimide) is covered and their representative polymers applied in OFETs and OSCs are also discussed, with a focus on the effect of varied structurally modified acceptor moieties on the physicochemical and photoelectrical properties of polymers. Additionally, this review discusses the current issues that need to be settled down and the further development of new types of acceptors. It is hoped that this review could help design new electron-deficient building blocks, find a more valid method to modify already reported acceptor units, and achieve high-performance semiconductor materials eventually., This review highlights the recent structural evolution of lactam- and imide-functionalized polymers applied in organic field-effect transistors and organic solar cells.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), with its excellent stability, flat surface, and large bandgap, plays a role in a variety of fundamental science and technology fields. The past few years have witnessed significant development in the scaled growth of h-BN single crystals. Currently, the size of h-BN crystal can be reached up to wafer-scale, paving the way towards industrial production and commercial applications. In this minireview, recent academic breakthroughs regarding the controlled growth of large-sized h-BN single crystals via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are presented. The as-developed technique in terms of growth parameters, choice of catalysts, and the mechanism is fully emphasized, offering a guideline in enhancing the size and quality of h-BN. Several typical metal catalysts have been used in shaping scaled h-BN single crystals, of which the metal Cu substrate has drawn the most intensive attention. The significant advances in expanding the size of h-BN single crystals will largely push forward the way to h-BN industrialization and commercialization. The past few years have witnessed significant development in the scaled growth of h-BN single crystals. Currently, the size of h-BN crystal can be reached up to wafer-scale, paving the way towards industrial production and commercial applications. In this minireview, recent academic breakthroughs regarding controlled growth of large-sized h-BN single crystals via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are present. The as-developed technique in terms of growth parameters, choice of catalysts and mechanism is fully emphasized, offering a guideline in enhancing size and quality of h-BN. Several typical metal catalysts are exhibited in shaping scaled h-BN single crystals, of which the metal Cu substrate has drawn the most intensive attentions.

The past decade has witnessed a visual explosion in the discovery of high-performance semiconducting polymers. A few representative materials among them have been subjected to the evaluation of their applicability in daily use. Although many design concepts have been extracted from a diverse array of such polymers, the structural aspects are still evolving and continue to fuel the development of flexible electronics. Among the newly developed systems, quinoid-containing polymers have shown promise in low-gap semiconductors as novel electronic materials. This review provides an overview of the recent progress in quinoidal polymer semiconductors for use in electronics, focusing on the construction of these quinoidal frameworks and their interesting electronic structures. We discuss the origin of the narrow gap and how this feature is appropriately leveraged to meet the requirements of high-mobility materials design. Also included is the derivatization for analog preparation to disclose the chemical space of such quinoid-based polymers.

Semiconducting polymers are important electronic materials for both industrial and academic purposes. The structure–performance relationship of semiconducting polymers is still a research frontier of ongoing interest. Structural engineering is crucial to develop new semiconducting polymers with enhanced properties. Due to their combination of high processability and performance, multi-alkylated conjugated polymers are emerging as a hot research topic. In this work, a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers with different alkyl chain lengths, PD-8-DTTE-n, were prepared to investigate the relationship between the microstructure and charge transport properties in a multi-alkylated system. The electrical performance shows a strong correlation with the alkyl side chain. The hole mobility of this series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers increased with increasing length of the linear alkyl side chain, and OFETs based on the polymer with the longest linear side chain (undecyl) led to the highest hole mobility of 1.10 cm2 V−1 s−1. Surface morphology and thin-film microstructure are related to the enhanced charge transport properties. Molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze the microstructure information. These studies collectively rationalize the relationship between the molecular structure, microstructure, and film morphology from a molecular to a macroscopic level, and give a comprehensive understanding of design rules for such high-performance semiconductor materials.

Single-crystal 2D materials have attracted a boom of scientific and technological activities. Recently, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) shows great promise for the synthesis of high-quality 2D materials owing to high controllability, high scalability and ultra-low cost. Two types of strategies have been developed: one is single-seed method, which focuses on the ultimate control of the density of nucleation into only one nucleus and the other is a multi-seed approach, which concentrates on the precise engineering of orientation of nuclei into a uniform alignment. Currently, the latter is recognized as a more effective method to meet the demand of industrial production, whereas the oriented domains can seamlessly merge into a continuous single-crystal film in a short time. In this review, we present the detailed cases of growing the representative monocrystalline 2D materials via the single-seed CVD method as well as show its advantages and disadvantages in shaping 2D materials. Then, other typical 2D materials (including graphene, h-BN, and TMDs) are given in terms of the unique feature under the guideline of the multi-seed growth approach. Furthermore, the growth mechanism for the 2D single crystals is presented and the following application in electronics, optics and antioxidation coatings are also discussed. Finally, we outline the current challenges, and a bright development in the future of the continuous orientated growth of scaled 2D crystals should be envisioned.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition confined to the trigeminal nerve, causing one or more branches of facial nerve pain. Surgical treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia include microvascular decompression(MVD), percutaneous balloon compression (PBC), radiofrequency thermocoagulation(RF), percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy(PRGR), gamma knife, etc. Of these treatments, PBC is increasingly being used by clinicians for trigeminal neuralgia. PBC is a simple surgical operation performed to treat trigeminal neuralgia. Owing to its advantages, PBC is favored by many clinicians. In this study, we aimed to emphasize the need to analyze the shape of the balloon, position, compression time, and pressure, as these factors can affect the efficacy of PBC. The relief of pain by balloon compression is related to the shape of the balloon on X-ray, which is the key to the operation. Owing to continued progress and advances in current imaging technologies, clinicians revealed that the precise positioning of the foramen ovale is no longer an intraoperative problem. Instead, the anatomy of Meckel's cave and the shape of the balloon must be the focus to achieve the best treatment effect. For clinicians, PBC is simple and is associated with a short operation time. PBC also has other advantages, such as low cost and immediate postoperative pain relief. The recurrence rate of pain post-PBC is low, despite the occurrence of facial numbness post-op. However, this side effect is reversible and does not affect daily life of the patient. In fact, the patient can be discharged 1-2 days after surgery. Overall, PBC can be considered as one of the preferred surgical methods for the treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia. In this paper, we explain the main points of PBC operation in detail in terms of Meckel's cave, surgical procedure, complications, discussion of the focus and new progress, etc.

A coordination polymer (CP) containing Co(II) was prepared via combination of 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpee) and semi-rigid, ether-based unsymmetrical tetracarboxylic acid 2,3,3′,4′-diphenyl eth...

The pandemic COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is spreading very rapidly worldwide. To date, the origin and intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. In this study, we conducted comparative analysis among SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus strains to elucidate their phylogenetic relationships. We found: 1, the SARS-CoV-2 strains analyzed could be divided into 3 clades with regional aggregation; 2, the non-SARS-CoV-2 common coronaviruses that infect humans or other organisms to cause respiratory syndrome and epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis could also be divided into 3 clades; 3, the hosts of the common coronaviruses closest to SARS-CoV-2 were Apodemus chevrieri (a rodent), Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale), Hypsugo savii (bat) , Camelus bactrianus (camel) and Mustela vison (mink); and 4, the gene sequences of the receptor ACE2 from different hosts could also be divided into 3 clades. The ACE2 gene sequences closest to that of humans in evolution include those from Nannospalax galili (Upper Galilee mountains blind mole rat), Phyllostomus discolor (pale spear-nosed bat), Mus musculus (house mouse), Delphinapterus leucas (beluga whale), and Catharus ustulatus (Swainson's thrush). We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 may have evolved from a distant common ancestor with the common coronaviruses but not a branch of any of them, implying that the prevalent pandemic COVID-19 agent SARS-CoV-2 may have existed in a yet to be identified primary host for a long time.

The emerging discipline of oncofertility advocates for the timely provision of fertility preservation (FP) to all cancer patients of childbearing age by healthcare providers. A lack of practice due to limited FP-related knowledge was found among healthcare providers. A systematic review was undertaken on the educational programs on FP for healthcare providers. An initial search was performed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases in October 2019. This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Among the 160 articles that were identified, five relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Of the five studies, three were quantitative nonrandomized studies, one was a randomized controlled trial, and one was a qualitative study. Three programs were relevant to oncology nurses, one was relevant to social workers as well as nurses, and one was relevant to oncology fellows and residents. The four programs significantly increased healthcare providers’ knowledge about FP, but clinical practice was only improved in the Educating Nurses about Reproductive Issues in Cancer Healthcare program (P

Controllable nitrogen doping, an effective way to regulate the electronic property of graphene, has been achieved on metal catalyst which needs to be removed by additional processes when fabricating electronic devices, giving rise to structural damages and contaminations. Here, by using pyridine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, a metal-free thermal chemical vapor deposition method is demonstrated to synthesize nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) on dielectrics (SiO2/Si, quartz, rock crystal, and sapphire). It is discovered that increasing H2 flow could promote the quality of graphene and the proportion of graphitic-N. At an optimal growth temperature of 1000 °C, we realize the controllable synthesis of graphitic-N doped graphene. Impressively, field-effect transistors directly fabricated from the N-doped graphene (∼1.1%) films on SiO2/Si exhibit strong n-type semiconducting behaviors with electron mobilities of 110–283 cm2 V−1 s−1 in air, rivaling heavily doped NG grown on metals. As revealed by density functional theory calculations, compared with NG with multiple types of nitrogen atoms, single graphitic-N doping leads to more prominent n-type transport behaviors, owing to the absence of p-type pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N.

Herein, we report a series of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE)-containing semiconducting polymers PNBDO-FDTEm (m = 90, 80, 70, 60, and 0), in which the TFE segments were first introduced into polymeric ma...

The structure–property relationship of finitely conjugated polymer semiconductors is underdeveloped to date. Herein, we report three novel tetrafluoroethylene-containing finitely conjugated polymers, PNBDO-T, PNBDO-BiT and PNBDO-TriT, containing electron-donating units of thiophene (T), 2,2′-bithiophene (BiT), or 2,2′:5′,2′′-terthiophene (TriT), respectively. All three polymers showed ambipolar charge transport characteristics under ambient conditions. PNBDO-BiT with a centrosymmetric BiT unit exhibited a maximum electron mobility of 4.15 cm2 V−1 s−1, much higher than the mobilities of 1.01 × 10−2 and 0.052 cm2 V−1 s−1 of PNBDO-T and PNBDO-TriT, respectively, with axisymmetric T or TriT units. Meanwhile, PNBDO-BiT formed more ordered and crystalline molecular aggregation than the other two polymers. We attributed the differences to their π-skeleton conformations induced by the centrosymmetric or axisymmetric electron-donating units in these polymers. The results show that the construction of linear π-skeletons is of great importance in the development of high-performance finitely conjugated polymer semiconductors.

The exploration of unipolar n-channel semiconductors plays an important role in the advance of organic complementary inverters and complementary logic circuits. Based on the conventional donor–acceptor type conjugated copolymers, the further incorporation of electron-withdrawing cyano groups would lead to π-electron depletion along the conjugated skeleton. Thus, the resulting copolymers possess much lower frontier orbital energy levels, which not only facilitates electron injection but also blocks hole accumulation effectively. In this work, we decorated (E)-1,2-di(thiophen-2-yl)ethene at the 3-position of thiophene rings with strong electron-withdrawing cyano groups. The resulting compound of (E)-1,2-bis(3-cyanothiophene-2-yl)ethene was further functionalized and copolymerized with isoindigo (IID), diazaisoindigo (AIID), and fluorinated isoindigo (FIID) units, affording copolymers of PIID-DiCNTVT, PAIID-DiCNTVT, and PFIID-DiCNTVT, respectively. The electrochemical and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations reveal that all the resulting copolymers show low energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbital, which blocks hole injection effectively. Field-effect transistor characterizations further confirmed that this series of polymers behave exclusively as unipolar electron-transporting materials. Compared with devices based on PIID-DiCNTVT and PFIID-DiCNTVT, PAIID-DiCNTVT-based devices exhibit the highest electron mobility of 1.58 cm2 V−1 s−1, exceeding the semiconducting performance of amorphous silicon.

In this article, the dynamical behavior of a standing cantilever pipe conveying fluid is investigated with time − delay. By applying piezoelectric materials and considering the time delay of voltage, the motion equation is built with motion-limiting constraints and elastic support. The motion equation is discretized into ordinary differential equations by the Galerkin method. A stability analysis of the equilibrium point with three parameters is obtained. The system will lose stability at the equilibrium point and generate Hopf branches. The central manifold theorem and the canonical type theory are used to study the stability of Hopf branching directions and branching period solutions. Finally, numerical results validate the theoretical analysis.

Graphene‐based moiré heterostructures are strongly correlated materials, and they are considered to be an effective platform to investigate the challenges of condensed matter physics. This is due to the distinct electronic properties that are unique to moiré superlattices and peculiar band structures. The increasing research on strongly correlated physics via graphene‐based moiré heterostructures, especially unconventional superconductors, greatly promotes the development of condensed matter physics. Herein, the preparation methods of graphene‐based moiré heterostructures on both in situ growth and assembling monolayer 2D materials are discussed. Methods to improve the quality of graphene and optimize the transfer process are presented to mitigate the limitations of low‐quality graphene and damage caused by the transfer process during the fabrication of graphene‐based moiré heterostructures. Then, the topological properties in various graphene‐based moiré heterostructures are reviewed. Furthermore, recent advances regarding the factors that influence physical performances via a changing twist angle, the exertion of strain, and regulation of the dielectric environment are presented. Moreover, various unique physical properties in graphene‐based moiré heterostructures are demonstrated. Finally, the challenges faced during the preparation and characterization of graphene‐based moiré heterostructures are discussed. An outlook for the further development of moiré heterostructures is also presented., This review presents the preparation and optimization of graphene‐based moiré heterostructures, including twisted bilayer graphene, twisted trilayer graphene, twisted double bilayer graphene, graphene/ hexagonal boron nitride, and graphene/transition metal dichalcogenides. The topological properties and correlated physical performances are comprehensively illustrated. A clear understanding of the mechanism regarding many‐body physics will be a breakthrough for condensed matter physics.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis. A-D are the GO function annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis figure in the yellow module, respectively.

To investigate the effeicacy of Yishen Huoxue decoction (YSHX) on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), and on reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Forty male mice were randomly divided into six groups, sham group, UUO group, UUO+ resveratrol (RSV) (15 mg/kg) group, UUO + YSHX 20 mg/kg group (UUO + YSHX-L), UUO + YSHX 40 mg/kg group (UUO + YSHX-M), UUO + YSHX 80 mg/kg group (UUO + YSHX-H). Western blotting was used to measure protein expression levels. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the mRNA expression. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the histopathological changes of kidney tissue sample. Cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/PI staining. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8/WST-8 assay.YSHX treatment reduced α-SMA and Col-4 expressions, and increased CD31 and VE-cadherin expressions in UUO model mice. In vitro, YSHX increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis of HUVECs under hypoxic conditions. YSHX inhibited ROS generation by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC-1α)/silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (Sirt3) signaling.YSHX treatment reduced 109KJ UUO-induced renal injury and fibrosis. Furthermore, YSHX treatment attenuated hypoxia-induced oxidative stress by regulating AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt3 signaling.

Li-li Hu,1 Qing Wang,2,3 Yan-hu Wang,1 Ling-xi Gu,1 Tian-gui Yu1 1Department of Public Health, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China; 3Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tian-gui Yu, Department of Public Health, Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-531-86336798, Email sdyutg@163.comPurpose: To describe the mortality rate and cause of death among Han Chinese schizophrenia patients and to explore the risk factors affecting survival.Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of death among patients with schizophrenia from Jan 1, 2012, to Dec 31, 2019, using the Severe Mental Disorders Information System of Shandong Province (henceforth referred to as the SMDI system) in Shandong, China. The cohort included 72,102 patients, and 11,766 patients died during follow-up. The data in this cohort study were derived from the SMDI system. We calculated the crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate (SMR, standardized according to the sex and age composition of the population in Shandong Province) for patients with schizophrenia. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting patient survival, and the statistical index was the hazard ratio (HR).Results: The mean age of the cohort patients was 47.21± 14.05 years; 51.79% were males, and 48.21% were females. Among them, 68.98% (49,735) had only a primary education level, 85.36% (61,549) were farmers, 64.37% (46,413) were married, and 94.01% (67,775) received community management. A total of 16.32% of the cohort died. The SMR in patients with schizophrenia was 4.9, and it was higher for males than females (4.99 versus 4.82). Among the 6 registered causes of death, physical illness had the highest SMR (5.15), followed by other causes of death (4.86), mental illness-related complications (4.57), homicide (4.31), accidents (4.13), and suicide (3.87). Higher levels of education, employment (in-service status), marriage, and urban residence were protective factors for survival among patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion: In China, the SMR of schizophrenia is relatively high, and physical diseases are the main cause of death. We suggest that a variety of measures should be taken early to treat somatic diseases and reduce SMR in patients with schizophrenia.Keywords: schizophrenia, cause of death, mortality, physical illness

Predicting the groundwater level of karst aquifers in North China Coalfield is essential for early warning of mine water hazards and regional water resources management. However, the dynamic changes of strata structure and hydrogeological parameters driven by coal mining activity cause challenges to the process-oriented groundwater model. In order to achieve accurate prediction of groundwater level in large mining areas, this study was the first to use the data-driven Nonlinear Autoregressive with External Input (NARX) model to predict the groundwater level of six karst aquifer observation wells in Pingshuo Mining Area. Three variable input scenarios were set up, solely considering meteorological factors, anthropogenic disturbance factors, and considering both meteorological and anthropogenic disturbance factors. The novel partial mutual information (PMI) screening algorithm was adopted to determine optimized input variables in each scenario. The input and feedback delay coefficients of NARX model were determined by using Seasonal-trend Decomposition Procedure Based on Loess (STL) algorithm and auto- and cross-correlation functions. The results showed that PMI algorithm can effectively screen out the optimal input variables for predicting groundwater level, the NSE coefficients of the PMI-NARX models under the three scenarios were 38.81%, 4.26% and 41.46% higher than those of the corresponding control experiments, respectively. In addition, the prediction performance of the PMI-NARX built on the basis of meteorological factors is poor (NSE0.63). However, in scenarios which solely use anthropogenic disturbance factors and both use meteorological and anthropogenic disturbance factors, the PMI-NARX coupling models exhibit good prediction performance (NSE and R

Hexagonal boron nitride (