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Defect in mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiac energy metabolism is a critical contributing factor to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Sentrin/SUMO specific protease 1 (SENP1) mediated regulation of PGC-1α transcriptional activity plays an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function. However, whether SENP1 plays a role in cardiac hypertrophy and failure is unknown. We investigated whether alteration in SENP1 expression affects cardiomyopathy and the underlying mechanism. In our present study, we found that the expression of SENP1 was induced in mouse and human failing hearts associated with induced expression of mitochondrial genes. SENP1 expression in cardiomyocytes was induced by hypertrophic stimuli through calcium/calcineurin-NFAT3. SENP1 regulated mitochondrial gene expression by de-SUMOylation of MEF-2C, which enhanced MEF-2C-mediated PGC-1α transcription. Genetic induction of SENP1 led to mitochondrial dysregulation and cardiac dysfunction in vivo. Our data showed that pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy is attributed by SENP1 mediated regulation of mitochondrial abnormities. SENP1 up-regulation in diseased heart is mediated via calcineurin-NFAT/MEF2C-PGC-1α pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A dual iron precursors system in a hydrothermal process was developed for controllable fabrication of α-Fe2O3 hierarchical structures with different morphologies. Micro-pines, snowflakes and bundles were successfully synthesized simply by tuning the total concentration of the two iron precursors K4[Fe(CN)6] and K3[Fe(CN)6] and their molar ratio. The obtained α-Fe2O3 hierarchical structures were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The effect of experimental conditions on the morphologies of the α-Fe2O3 crystals was systematically investigated. A possible formation mechanism of different α-Fe2O3 hierarchical structures was proposed. Good photocatalytic properties were observed for all the hierarchical structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Collaborative knowledge construction (CKC) is advanced by group members' cognitive engagement across three levels: individual-level knowledge processing and proposing, the peer-level social interactions and knowledge exchanges between two group members, and the group-level coordination and construction of knowledge across multiple group members. The interconnected and transformative relationship among three levels is an essential factor during the CKC process. Individual viewpoints can trigger peer feedback, which can be further refined by other group members; the group-level consensus can provide foundations for subsequent individual- or peer-level cognitive engagement. The group-level coordination of knowledge advancement involves the processing, synthesis, and reflection of knowledge from multiple members to reach a group consensus. However, previous analytical approaches have faced challenges in modeling distinct types of interconnections across the individual, peer, and group levels during the CKC process. To address this gap, this research employed multilayer network analysis (MNA) to model and quantify the multi-level and interconnected characteristics of CKC in a series of face-to-face, computer-supported CKC activities in China's higher education. First, small groups were categorized into the high, medium, and low levels of cognitive engagement groups. Second, multilayer networks were constructed for each category, where students' use of cognitive strategies were set as nodes, the interconnections between cognitive strategies were set as edges, and three levels (i.e., individual, peer, and group levels) were set as layers. The node-, layer-, and network-level metrics were calculated to quantify the overall characteristics of the networks, the interconnected characteristics within a level and across the three levels. The MNA results revealed that, compared to lower level of cognitive engagement groups, groups with higher cognitive engagement demonstrated (1) more influential moderate and deep cognitive strategies at group and peer levels; (2) interconnections between cognitive strategies with higher diversity, connectivity, and more balanced distribution across three levels, but relatively lower information exchanging efficiency; and (3) communities with more interconnections related to the moderate and deep cognitive strategies at peer and group levels. Based on the empirical findings, this research proposed pedagogical implications for CKC practices and analytical implications for using MNA to improve the understanding of computer-supported collaborative learning mechanisms. • Multi-level characteristics of collaborative knowledge construction have been emphasized. • Multilayer network analysis was used to examine node-, layer-, and network-level characteristics. • Groups with higher group-level cognitive engagement exhibited more layers with higher diversity and connectivity. • Groups with higher group-level cognitive engagement exhibited communities with deep cognitive engagement strategies. • Pedagogical and methodological implications were proposed for collaborative knowledge construction research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the loading of platinum (Pt) onto nitrogen-doped carbon/titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanomaterials derived from NH 2 -MIL-125 for efficient photo-thermal reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reactions. The results demonstrated that Pt/TiO 2 @CN-525 was enriched with a significant number of oxygen vacancies, which enhanced the adsorption and activation of carbon dioxide (CO 2). The incorporation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) facilitated the activation and dissociation of hydrogen molecules, thereby increasing the carbon monoxide (CO) production rate. Furthermore, Pt/TiO 2 @CN-525 exhibited an excellent photoelectric response, and its reduced bandgap width facilitated the generation of photoexcited electron-hole pairs, promoting the photo-thermal co-catalyzed CO 2 reduction reaction. [Display omitted] • N-doped carbon composite rutile and anatase dual-phase TiO 2 -loaded Pt catalysts were successfully prepared. • The loading of Pt nanoparticles promoted the activation and dissociation of H 2 molecules, and increased the production rate of CO. • Pt/TiO 2 @CN-525 is rich in oxygen defects, which promotes CO 2 adsorption and activation. • The N doping, Pt loading and proper calcination temperature can improve the response to light and reduce the recombination of photo-generated carriers. • Light acting on the Pt/TiO 2 @CN catalyst reduced the reaction activation energy and promoted the generation of CO. To mitigate carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and advance carbon neutrality, the conversion of CO 2 into value-added fuels and chemicals via the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction is recognized as a promising approach. In this study, we designed platinum (Pt)-loaded nitrogen-doped carbon composite dual-phase titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanomaterials to achieve efficient photo-thermal performance in the RWGS reaction. The incorporation of Pt, nitrogen doping, and the selection of an appropriate calcination temperature enhance light responsiveness and reduce the recombination of photo-generated carriers, thereby improving the efficiency of the photo-thermal RWGS reaction. The optimized catalysts exhibited a high CO 2 conversion (42.79 %), a carbon monoxide (CO) production rate (81.46 mmol g cat −1 h−1) and over 99.9 % selectivity under conditions of 400 °C and 1.2 W cm−2 light illumination. In addition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that Pt/TiO 2 @CN-525 was enriched with more oxygen defects, which was facilitate the adsorption and activation of CO 2. CO temperature-programmed desorption (CO-TPD) showed that Pt/TiO 2 @CN-525 possesses a strong desorption capacity for CO. In addition, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) pointed to COOH* as a key intermediate in the reaction process. The photo-thermal co-catalyzed CO 2 reduction by CO-TPD as well as in-situ DRIFTS indicated that Pt/TiO 2 @CN-525 follows the RWGS reaction. This work provides a potential strategy for the synthesis of catalysts for enhancing photo-thermal co-catalyzed RWGS reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we successfully synthesized nickel bicarbonate nanocrystals with different uniformity as electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors to study this relationship. Compared with heterogeneous nickel bicarbonate nanocrystals (HTNBs), homogeneous nickel bicarbonate nanocrystals (HMNBs) as electrode material possess a larger specific surface area, which could provide more electroactive sites for the electrochemical reactions, thus exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance. The HMNBs electrode materials possess excellent rate performance (1560 ​F ​g−1 at 2 ​A ​g−1 and 1350 ​F ​g−1 at 30 ​A ​g−1, respectively). Notably, the asymmetric supercapacitors constructed with HMNBs as anode material and activated carbon (AC) as cathode material have high energy density (41.2 ​Wh·kg−1 at 160 ​W ​kg−1 and 28.9 ​Wh·kg−1 at 4000 ​W ​kg−1, respectively), which was significantly higher than HTNBs//AC asymmetric supercapacitors (27.42 ​Wh·kg−1 at 160 ​W ​kg−1 and 16.67 ​Wh·kg−1 at 4000 ​W ​kg−1, respectively). The cycling stability for HMNBs//AC asymmetric supercapacitors is also better than the HTNBs//AC asymmetric supercapacitors. We have demonstrated that the performance of asymmetric supercapacitors might be related with the degree of uniformity of the electrode materials through comparing the electrochemical performance of the nickle bicarbonate nanocrystals with different homogeneity. The homogeneous nickel bicarbonate nanocrystals (HMNBs) as electrode material possess a larger specific surface area, which could provide more electroactive sites for the electrochemical reactions, thus exhibiting excellent electrochemical performance.Electrochemical performance for nickel bicarbonate nanocrystals with different uniformity. Image 1 • The electrochemical performance of asymmetric supercapacitors might be related with degree of uniformity of materials. • The nickle bicarbonate nanocrystals with different degree of uniformity were synthesized. • High-performance asymmetric supercapacitors using nickle bicarbonate nanocrystals were demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a Mott-Schottky heterojunction catalyst was developed by incorporating nickel (Ni) nanometallic particles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon-coated TiO 2 , enabling full-spectrum light absorption and facilitating a robust metal-support interface. This catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in photo-thermal catalysis. Specifically, the Ni/0.5-TiO 2 @NC catalyst achieved a CO 2 hydrogenation rate of 65.3 mmol/(g cat ·h) with a CH 4 selectivity exceeding 99% under full-spectrum illumination. Remarkably, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability, maintaining its performance over two reaction cycles. The strong metal-support interface of the Mott-Schottky heterojunction catalyst enhanced photo-generated electron-hole separation efficiencies, leading to a substantial rise in catalyst surface temperature. Consequently, this phenomenon accelerated the reaction kinetics and lowered the activation energy, thereby improving overall efficiency. [Display omitted] • Mott-Schottky heterojunctions consisting of TiO 2 @NC-support and highly dispersed Ni NPs catalysts were successfully prepared. • The Mott-Schottky heterojunction catalysts exhibit rapid interface electron transfer, leading to superb carrier separation efficiencies. • The Ni/0.5-TiO 2 @NC catalyst demonstrates exceptional photo-thermal co-catalytic effects, resulting in outstanding performance in the RWGS reaction. • The in-situ DRIFTS analysis revealed that the mechanism governing the photo-thermal co-catalytic RWGS reaction follows the *HCOO pathway. Photo-thermal co-catalytic reduction of CO 2 to synthesize value-added chemicals presents a promising approach to addressing environmental issues. Nevertheless, traditional catalysts exhibit low light utilization efficiency, leading to the generation of a reduced number of electron-hole pairs and rapid recombination, thereby limiting catalytic performance enhancement. Herein, a Mott-Schottky heterojunction catalyst was developed by incorporating nitrogen-doped carbon coated TiO 2 supported nickel (Ni) nanometallic particles (Ni/x-TiO 2 @NC). The optimal Ni/0.5-TiO 2 @NC sample displayed a conversion rate of 71.6 % and a methane (CH 4) production rate of 65.3 mmol/(g cat ·h) during photo-thermal co-catalytic CO 2 methanation under full-spectrum illumination, with a CH 4 selectivity exceeding 99.6 %. The catalyst demonstrates good stability as it shows no decay after two reaction cycles. The Mott-Schottky heterojunction catalysts display excellent efficiency in separating photo-generated electron-hole pairs and elevate the catalysts' temperature, thus accelerating the reaction rate. The in-situ experiments revealed that light-induced electron transfer effectively facilitates H 2 dissociation and enhances surface defects, thereby promoting CO 2 adsorption. This study introduces a novel approach for developing photo-thermal catalysts for CO 2 reduction, aiming to enhance solar energy utilization and facilitate interface electron transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual‐functional device combining electrochromic properties and energy storage has gained numerous attentions in the field of energy‐saving smart electronics. However, achieving simultaneous optimization of coloration efficiency and energy storage capacity of materials poses a significant challenge. This study presents a novel approach by incorporating methyl orange into Prussian blue channels (PB‐MO films) to adjust the internal electronic structure of Prussian blue. This modification allows the active layer to simultaneously improve the electrochromic and energy storage performance. The introduction of methyl orange not only alters the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ within the framework through the coordination reaction of Fe3+ with methyl orange, but also improves the reaction kinetics after intercalating organic dye molecules, including charge transfer resistance, diffusion capability of ions and capacitive contribution. The PB‐MO films demonstrate remarkable properties: high optical contrast (81.4% at 670 nm), excellent coloration efficiency (265 cm2 C−1), and significant specific capacity (84 mAh m−2 at 0.05 A m−2), outperforming pure PB films. The PB‐MO films are ideally suited for applications in displays and intelligent energy storage fields, boasting both high coloration efficiency and substantial energy storage capacity, thus advancing promote the development of dual‐functional electrochromic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a difficult problem in clinical practice, and it may involve various microRNAs. This study investigated the role that endogenous microRNA-146a plays in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion and explored the possible target genes. Methods: MIRI models were established in microRNA-146a deficient (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. MicroRNA-146a expression was evaluated in the myocardium of WT mice after reperfusion. The heart function, area of myocardium infarction and in situ apoptosis were compared between the KO and WT mice. Microarray was used to explore possible target genes of microRNA-146a, while qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assays were used for verification. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression levels of the target gene and related signalling molecules. A rescue study was used for further testing. Results: MicroRNA-146a was upregulated 1 h after reperfusion. MicroRNA-146a deficiency decreased heart function and increased myocardial infarction and apoptosis. Microarray detected 19 apoptosis genes upregulated in the KO mice compared with the WT mice. qRT-PCR and dual luciferase verified that Med1 was one target gene of microRNA-146a. TRAP220, encoded by Med1 in the KO mice, was upregulated, accompanied by an amplified ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and increased cleaved caspase-3. Inhibition of microRNA-146a in H9C2 cells caused increased TRAP220 expression and more apoptosis under the stimulus of hypoxia and re-oxygenation, while knockdown of the increased TRAP220 expression led to decreased cell apoptosis. Conclusions: MicroRNA-146a exerts a protective effect against MIRI, which might be partially mediated by the target gene Med1 and related to the apoptosis signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selectivity of multicarbon products in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) depends on the spin alignment of neighboring active sites, which requires a spin catalyst that facilitates electron transfer with antiparallel spins for enhanced C−C coupling. Here, we design a radical‐contained spin catalyst (TEMPOL@HKUST‐1) to enhance CO2‐to‐ethylene conversion, in which spin‐disordered (SDO) and spin‐ordered (SO) phases co‐exist to construct an asymmetric spin configuration of neighboring active sites. The replacement of axially coordinated H2O molecules with TEMPOL radicals introduces spin‐spin interactions among the Cu(II) centers to form localized SO phases within the original H2O‐mediated SDO phases. Therefore, TEMPOL@HKUST‐1 derived catalyst exhibited an approximately two‐fold enhancement in ethylene selectivity during the CO2RR at −1.8 V versus Ag/AgCl compared to pristine HKUST‐1. In situ ATR‐SEIRAS spectra indicate that the spin configuration at asymmetric SO/SDO sites significantly reduces the kinetic barrier for *CO intermediate dimerization toward the ethylene product. The performance of the spin catalyst is further improved by spin alignment under a magnetic field, resulting in a maximum ethylene selectivity of more than 50 %. The exploration of the spin‐polarized kinetics of the CO2RR provides a promising path for the development of novel spin electrocatalysts with superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical waveguide materials that span the entire visible spectrum is paramount for the efficacious operation of photon transmission devices in many contexts. Notably intriguing is the use of manipulating the band gap to finely modulate chromatic diversity within the luminous material. In this context, we synthesized three distinct organic small molecules, employing carbazole's inherent proclivity as the electron donor, while engaging thiophene, pyrimidine, and fluorenone as adept electron acceptor moieties. Evidently, our investigation unveiled a remarkable metamorphosis in the emitted fluorescence, wherein the chromatic spectrum transitions from blue to green, and subsequently to orange, as the electron acceptor group's capacity for electron absorption diminishes. Interestingly, the three materials manifest an inherent propensity for facile preparation into one-dimensional nanostructures, characterized by smooth surfaces, concurrently exhibiting commendable performance as optical waveguides. Our findings deepen a comprehensive understanding of the design of materials with the full visible spectrum, which might lead to innovations in the design of photonic integrated structures. This work designed and synthesized an electron donor-acceptor architecture, comprising dual electron donor arms and a central electron acceptor core. Through the adjustment of electron-absorbing groups to change the band gap of the material, the controllable adjustment of the full range of visible light spectrum is successfully achieved. The substantial crystalline quality inherent to these materials bestows the microrods with notable optical waveguide performance. [Display omitted] • An electron donor-acceptor architecture. • 1D materials had high crystallinity. • Commendable optical waveguides performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and serious interstitial lung disease with little effective therapies currently. Our incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis remains obstacles in therapeutic developments. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has been shown to mitigate multiple organic fibrosis. However, the involvement of SIRT6‐mediated metabolic regulation in pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SIRT6 was predominantly expressed in alveolar epithelial cells in human lung tissues by using a single‐cell sequencing database. We showed that SIRT6 protected against bleomycin‐induced injury of alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and pulmonary fibrosis of mice in vivo. High‐throughput sequencing revealed enriched lipid catabolism in Sirt6 overexpressed lung tissues. Mechanismly, SIRT6 ameliorates bleomycin‐induced ectopic lipotoxicity by enhancing lipid degradation, thereby increasing the energy supply and reducing the levels of lipid peroxides. Furthermore, we found that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) was essential for SIRT6‐mediated lipid catabolism, anti‐inflammatory responses, and antifibrotic signaling. Our data suggest that targeting SIRT6‐PPARα‐mediated lipid catabolism could be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases complicated with pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese oxide materials for high-performance supercapacitors are as popular electrode materials of energy storage devices based on their high theoretical capacitance. However, its development is limited by its poor electrical conductivity and insufficient contact surface area, which causes the supercapacitor to fail to achieve its theoretical specific capacitance. In this paper, unique sea urchin-like MnO2/biomass carbon (BC) composite materials were prepared for supercapacitors, showing the lower resistance compared with pure MnO2, which possesses superior electrochemical performance due to the advances in outstanding electrical conductivity. The single electrode test results show that the composite material achieves a specific capacitance of 205.5 F·g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A·g−1; with the current density increasing by a factor of 20, the supercapacitor loaded with this composite still retained 63.2% of its initial capacitance, showing its high rate performance. Meanwhile, the constructed asymmetric supercapacitor can change the color of electrochromic devices and drive the light of electrochemiluminescent devices, indicating its promising application. This work provided a promising route for the rational construction of multiple dimensioned high-performance electrode materials for use in new energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Chiral molecules can generally exhibit different physiological and biological activities, thus triggering wide interest in chiral discrimination. Herein, we demonstrate a sensitive homoleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes nanowires (Ir(piq) 3 NWs) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for high-performance discrimination of chiral molecules based on the difference in electron-transfer ability between different radicals. The developed Ir(piq) 3 NWs/ITO sensor exhibits high ECL signal and satisfying stability without the presence of co-reactant based on hot electron-induced ECL, which would spur its further application in detecting proline enantiomers. Obvious difference on the ECL intensity towards L -Pro and D -Pro is observed under the presence of high concentration of proline enantiomers, which attributes to the different electron-transfer capability between Ir+(piq) 3 and L -pro•/ D -pro•. In order to attain high-performance discrimination, we construct the Ir(piq) 3 NWs/TPrA sensor to achieve chiral discrimination for trace amounts of proline enantiomers (1.0 × 10−9 M), which attributes to the strong molecular interactions enhanced by introduction of active radical TPrA•. Graphical abstract Through controlling the interaction between active materials and specific species, we demonstrate a sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor for high-performance discrimination of chiral molecules based on the difference in charge transfer ability between different radicals. fx1 Highlights • A sensitive Ir(piq) 3 nanowires ECL sensor was constructed for discrimination of chiral molecules. • ECL responses for proline enantiomers are manipulated by introduction of active radical TPrA•. • The designed sensor achieved high-performance discrimination of proline enantiomers (1.0 × 10−9 M). • The different charge transfer ability of L - and D-enantiomers attributed to the stereoselective effect were the key for chiral discrimination. • The work provide more fundamental insight at molecule interaction level for chiral discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe[Fe(CN)6] nanostructures with controllable morphologies are hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of K3[Fe(CN)6, Na2HPO4 or NaH2PO4, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (autoclave, 140 °C, 48 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the common manifestations of end‐stage lung disease. Chronic lung failure after lung transplantation is mainly caused by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and is mainly characterized by lung tissue fibrosis. Pulmonary epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is crucial for pulmonary fibrosis. Telocytes (TCs), a new type of mesenchymal cells, play a protective role in various acute injuries. For exploring the anti‐pulmonary fibrosis effect of TCs in the BOS model in vitro and the related mechanism, rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were treated with transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) to simulate lung tissue fibrosis in vitro. The RTE cells were then co‐cultured with TCs primarily extracted from rat lung tissue. Western blot, Seahorse XF Analysers and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the level of EMT and aerobic respiration of RTE cells. Furthermore, anti‐hepatocyte growth factor (anti‐HGF) antibody was exogenously added to the cultured cells to explore further mechanisms. Moreover, hexokinase 2 (HK2) in RTE cells was knocked down to assess whether it influences the blocking effect of the anti‐HGF antibody. TGF‐β could induce lung tissue fibrosis in RTE cells in vitro. Nevertheless, TCs co‐culture decreased the level of EMT, glucose metabolic indicators (lactate and ATP) and oxygen levels. Furthermore, TCs released hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Therefore, the exogenous addition of anti‐HGF antibody in the co‐culture system blocked the anti‐lung tissue fibrosis effect. However, HK2 knockdown attenuated the blocking effect of the anti‐HGF antibody. In conclusion, TCs can protect against lung tissue fibrosis by releasing HGF, a process dependent on HK2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A highly crystalline fluorinated CTFs with two stacking modes was synthesized by superacid catalysis in two steps. • Fluorination helps to regulate the band gap of the highly crystalline CTFs. • The electrocatalytic activity of CTF was significantly increased by AA-stacking mode. • The electrocatalytic performance of CTF is improved obviously after fluorination. • The change of catalyst stacking mode is helpful to find a high activity, stable and cheap electrochemical hydrogen evolution catalyst. Two-dimensional covalent triazine frameworks (2D-CTFs) are nitrogen-rich conjugated porous polymers with high porosity, adjustable electronic properties and abundant active sites, which are conducive to electrochemical water-splitting. In this work, two kinds of high crystallinity Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with AA and AB stacking models were synthesized by super acid catalytic and crystal transfer via annealing, and this method was extended to fluorinated CTFs. The unique π -conjugated 1D channel in CTFs provide favorable conditions for electron transport and mass diffusion during hydrogen evolution. The catalytic kinetic analysis shows that the catalytic performance of CTFs is related to the stacking configuration. When CTFs are converted into AA stacking, the electrocatalytic activity of CTFs are enhance significantly. Meanwhile, the electrocatalytic performance of CTFs is improved obviously after fluorination. This work provides a more promising direction for finding high activity, stable and cheap electrochemical hydrogen evolution catalysts by changing the stacking patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the important biomarker for cancer diagnosis and individualized treatment. However, due to the extreme rarity of CTCs (only 1–10 CTCs are found in every milliliter of peripheral blood) high sensitivity and selectivity are urgently needed for CTC detection. Here, a sandwich PEC cytosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of CTCs was developed using the photoactive material Au NP/-Fe2O3 and core-shell CdSe@CdS QD sensitizer. In the proposed protocol, the CdSe@CdS QD/Au NP/α-Fe2O3-sensitized structure with cascade band-edge levels could evidently promote the photoelectric conversion efficiency due to suitable light absorption and efficient electron-hole pair recombination inhibition. Additionally, a dendritic aptamer-DNA concatemer was constructed for highly efficient capture of MCF-7 cells carrying CdSe@CdS QDs, a sensitive material. The linear range of this proposed signal-on PEC sensing method was 300 cell mL−1 to 6 × 105 cell mL−1 with a detection limit of 3 cell mL−1, and it demonstrated an ultrasensitive response to CTCs. Furthermore, this PEC sensor enabled accurate detection of CTCs in serum samples. Hence, a promising strategy for CTC detection in clinical diagnosis was developed based on CdSe@CdS QD–sensitized Au NP/α-Fe2O3-based PEC cytosensor with dendritic aptamer-DNA concatemer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Successfully prepared of LaCoO 3 with narrow bandgap supported highly dispersed Pt NPs catalyst. • Pt/LaCoO 3 catalyst has excellent photo-thermal effect, showing excellent RWGS performance. • The in-situ DRIFTS showed that the photo-thermal co-catalytic RWGS reaction follows the COOH* pathway. • The strong metal-support interaction promoted the photo-thermal co-catalytic RWGS. The conversion of CO 2 into valuable chemicals like CO through the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) process is a significant strategy for both mitigating and utilizing atmospheric CO 2. It is crucial to enhance catalytic performance for RWGS at low-temperatures by designing efficient photo-thermal co-catalysts with strong photo-response and photo-thermal effects. Herein, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on LaCoO 3 with Mott-Schottky heterojunctions were synthesized to improve the performance of RWGS at low-temperatures. The results show that the narrow bandgap of LaCoO 3 has excellent light-absorbing properties, generating abundant photo-carriers under light irradiation. The presence of ultra-small Pt NPs effectively reduces carrier recombination, enhancing carrier separation efficiency. 1.0 Pt/LaCoO 3 (1.0 wt% Pt loading) at 350 °C under photo-thermal conditions showed a CO 2 conversion of 32.9 % and CO production rate of 58.6 mmol g cat −1 h−1. The excellent photo-thermal co-catalytic performance of Pt/LaCoO 3 was attributed to the remarkable Mott-Schottky heterojunctions of Pt with high electron density and the narrow bandgap of the support with abundant surface defects. This study provides valuable insights into the development of Mott-Schottky heterojunction catalysts for efficient photo-thermal co-catalytic RWGS at low-temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrated a strategy to efficiently construct the surface defect-induced electronic structure of lead-free Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 double-perovskite through a supersaturated crystallization strategy, which obtained an optimized electronic structure of the Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 photocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC). The as-prepared Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 with surface defects has the strongest reduction capacity of the conduction band (−1.53 V vs NHE at pH=7), exhibiting outstanding photocatalytic performance of TC that the removal rate reached 81.8% within 90 min under the simulated sunlight irradiation. [Display omitted] • The Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 perovskite with controllable electronic structure is successfully synthesized by constructing surface defects. • Reduction potential of the Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 reaches −1.53 V (vs NHE at pH = 7) to promote the production of superoxide radicals. • The optimized Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 are used to photodegrade tetracycline up to 81.8% within 90 min. • The enhancing photocatalysis mechanism of the lead-free Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 double-perovskite is discussed. Lead-free Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 double-perovskite has triggered appealing interest in various solar energy-related applications including solar devices and photocatalysis. Nevertheless, further development of the perovskite materials is restricted due to their low redox capacity of the energy band, which is determined by the intrinsic electronic structure. Herein, we demonstrate surface defect-induced electronic structures of the Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 for achieving efficient photocatalytic performance by simply controlling the nucleation and growth processes of the lead-free double-perovskite. During the synthesis process, the strong interaction between the chelating agent EDTA and Cs+ ion leads to the generation of Cs vacancies of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 , which promotes the formation of surface defects to control the electronic structure of double perovskite. The optimized Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 has the strongest reduction capacity with the conduction band potential of −1.53 V (vs NHE at pH = 7) so far, which can greatly promote the production of superoxide radicals (O 2 –), improving the photocatalytic efficiency of the Cs 2 AgBiBr 6. Under one simulated sunlight irradiation, the photodegradation efficiency of tetracycline (TC) for the as-obtained Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 with surface defect is up to 81.8 % within 90 min. Environmental pollution resulting from various factitious and industrial activities is primarily composed of organic compounds such as pesticides, dyes, antibiotic and so on. Antibiotic, difficult to decompose, can only be decomposed slowly by chemical or biological methods owing to their strong stability. Photocatalysis is emerging as a promising technology for environmental remediation because of its strong oxidation ability and fast reaction rate. The eco-friendly Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 perovskite with a suitable bandgap (1.83 eV ∼ 2.19 eV) has recently emerged as a promising photocatalyst for application in pollutant degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absorbed gelatin molecules impede the H 2 O reaching Zn surface by desolvation to enhance the anticorrosion behavior, and adjust the local pH value based on their –CN 3 H 4 and –COOH to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interphase and reduce dendrite growth sites. Because the gelatin molecule is too large to enter the defect, and the gelatin molecule is adsorbed on the outside of the defect, which has strong confined effect on the Zn2+, "electrostatic shield" formed from positively charged –CN 3 H 5 + in the mild acid condition suppress 2D diffusion and accumulation of Zn2+, guiding Zn ions to repair the damaged electrode surface. [Display omitted] • Two stages of dendrite growth were analyzed: the formation of initial sites and the 2D growth of dendrites. • The amphiphilic macromolecules adsorbed on the electrode sheet can isolate the water to avoid the corrosion of zinc. • Amphiphilic macromolecules can act as buffers to adjust pH for the stability of the electrode/electrolyte interface. • The molecule regulates zinc to continuously fill the defect during the electrochemical cycle to complete the self-healing. The reversibility and stability of aqueous zinc-ion batteries are largely limited by inevitable parasitic reactions at the interface and uncontrollable dendrite growth. Inspired by self-healing smart electronic materials, we propose a confinement strategy with gelatin, an amphiphilic macromolecule, as additive to regulate the deposition behavior of Zn ions and utilize the dendrites to fill the surface defects formed by inevitable interfacial parasitic reactions. Absorbed gelatin molecules impede H 2 O reaching Zn electrode surface to enhance the anticorrosion behavior and adjust the local pH value, which is a "smart" way to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interphase. Additionally, the confined effect of absorbed gelatin molecules on Zn2+ and "electrostatic shield" formed from positive charged –CN 3 H 5 + suppress 2D diffusion and accumulation of Zn2+, guiding Zn continuously depositing inside the defect during electrochemical cycling, then self-healing of electrode surface defects is achieved. Under the synergetic effects of these merits, Zn electrode demonstrates almost unchangeable surface after soaking in the electrolyte for 10 days, and stably cycle more than 1100 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 and 1300 h at 3.0 mA cm−2 in symmetric cell. In addition, the full batteries using the base electrolyte with 0.5 and 1.0 g/L gelatin can stably cycle for 3000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: High NRF2 level confers KLK LUAD cell resistance to ferroptosis. Here, we showed that the inhibition of NRF2-GSH axis sensitized a small molecule RSL3 to induce KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis in vitro. RSL3 treatment inhibited activity of the NRF2-GSH signaling during KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism is that RSL3 was able to directly bind to USP11, a recently identified de-ubiquitinase of NRF2, and inactivate USP11 protein to induce NRF2 protein ubiquitination and degradation in KLK LUAD cells. It was discovered for the first time that RSL3 induction in KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis by the suppression of USP11-NRF2-GSH signaling, in parallel to GPX4 inhibition. Antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 plays a pivotal role in cell ferroptosis. KLK lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a specific molecular subtype of Kras-mutant LUAD. The activation of mutant Kras in combination with the inactivation of Lkb1 and Keap1 abnormally increases NRF2 expression, while high NRF2 confers KLK LUAD cell resistance to ferroptosis. This study assessed the inhibition of NRF2-GSH axis to sensitize a small molecule RSL3 to induce KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis and then explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The data showed that the NRF2-GSH inhibition sensitized RSL3 induction of KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis in vitro, while RSL3 treatment reduced level of NRF2 protein in KLK LUAD during ferroptosis. Moreover, RSL3 treatment inhibited activity of the NRF2-GSH signaling during in KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the RSL3 reduction of NRF2 expression was through the promotion of NRF2 ubiquitination in KLK LUAD cells. In addition, RSL3 was able to directly bind to USP11, a recently identified de-ubiquitinase of NRF2, and inactivate USP11 protein to induce NRF2 protein ubiquitination and degradation in KLK LUAD cells. These data revealed a novel mechanism of RSL3 induction in KLK LUAD cell ferroptosis by suppression of the USP11-NRF2-GSH signaling. Future study will confirm RSL3 as a novel therapeutic approach in control of KLK lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel flexible electrode of 3D interconnected ultrathin MnO 2 nanosheets grown on carbon cloth coupled with Mxene was prepared and applied to zinc-ion batteries. Because Mxene is coated on the surface of MnO 2 nanosheets, the capacitance contribution and charge storage capacity are effectively improved, which makes CC@MnO 2 @Mxene composites have high specific capacity and other electrochemical properties. [Display omitted] • A novel flexible electrode of CC@MnO 2 @MXene was prepared and applied to zinc-ion batteries. • The 3D interconnected ultrathin MnO 2 nanosheets structure facilitates the penetration of electrolyte. • Mxene is coated on the surface of MnO 2 effectively improve capacitance contribution and the charge storage capacity. • CC@MnO 2 @Mxene-10//Zn quasi-solid-state flexible batteries show good application prospects in the flexible device. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are receiving a continuously increasing attention for the flexible and wearable electronics, due to their non-toxicity, non-flammability, and low-cost features. The development of high-performance flexible cathodes is of great significance to the development of flexible ZIBs. In this work, the flexible electrode of three-dimensional (3D) interconnected ultrathin MnO 2 nanosheets on carbon cloth (CC@MnO 2) coated with Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (CC@MnO 2 @MXene) is prepared by electrodeposition and dipping methods, in which CC@MnO 2 is put into MXene dispersion for impregnation treatment to make the CC@MnO 2 fibers wrapped with MXene completely. The results show that the coating of MXene improves the conductivity of the composite, and the interface between MXene and MnO 2 provides more active sites. Therefore, CC@MnO 2 @MXene-10 electrode as the cathode of zinc ion battery provides high charge storage performance (517.0 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), excellent cycling stability (80.6 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 1 A g−1) and excellent energy density (701.3 Wh kg−1 at 133.8 W kg−1). Finally, flexible quasi-solid battery based on CC@MnO 2 @MXene composite as cathode was assembled, and the flexible electrodes show potential for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complex UC logic system using 1470 and 1550 nm dual‐wavelength as triggering signals has been developed to implement multilevel logic operations. Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion luminescence material can achieve significantly emission enhancement upon simultaneous excitation of 1470 and 1550 nm dual‐wavelength due to the synergistic effect of two kinds of photons realizing better match with energy level. The influences of excitation power and low temperature on dual‐wavelength enhancement effect are also in‐depth researched. Multiple logic combination operations including two‐output (YES + OR, AND + XOR, AND + INHIBIT, YES + INHIBIT) and three‐output (AND + YES + OR) are developed in this Gd2(MoO4)3:Yb3+/Er3+ UC logic system by employing 1470 and 1550 nm excitation resources as input signals and detecting the change of relative intensity of green, red emission and red/green intensity ratio. It is notable that two outputs and three outputs signals in this UC emission system can simultaneously execute different logic operations, which could greatly enlarge the capacity of logic information base and enhance the ability of information processing. These results not only provide a good enlightenment for the design of complex logic systems but also are indispensable for development of various functional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduce the fundamentals and categories of photo-thermal co-catalysis and possible reaction pathways of CO 2 hydrogenation. • Various photo-thermal catalysts for CO 2 conversion are overviewed, including metal/metal oxides, metal/carbides, metal/nitrides, metal sulphides, metal phosphides, layered double hydroxides and its derivatives. • Various photo-thermal co-catalysis processes for CO 2 conversion are summarized and highlighted. • The challenges and perspectives of photo-thermal reduction of CO 2 are discussed. Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to value-added chemicals via solar energy input possesses great significance in industry for the synthesis of key chemical feedstocks and reduces emission of greenhouse gas. However, the current efficiency is still far from satisfying, especially suffering from high energy consumption and severe deactivation of the catalysts. To solve this problem, the photo-thermal co-catalytic has been widely used in CO 2 reduction, because the introduction of light can effectively reduce the energy barrier of the thermal reaction, and provide milder reaction conditions. The synthesis of robust and low-cost photo-thermal catalysts are crucial for the CO 2 conversion. Recently, the significant progress has been made in regulating the structure and composition of photo-thermal catalysts and understanding the photo-thermal co-catalytic mechanism and structure–activity relationship. In this review, we first introduce the fundamentals of photo-thermal co-catalysis and possible reaction pathways of CO 2 hydrogenation. Subsequently, various photo-thermal catalysts for CO 2 conversion are overviewed, including metal/metal oxides, metal/carbides, metal/nitrides, sulphides, phosphides, layered double hydroxides and its derivatives. Thereafter, photo-thermal co-catalysis processes for CO 2 conversion are summarized, including CO 2 hydrogenation to methane/methanol/carbon monoxide/C 2+ hydrocarbons, CO 2 reforming of CH 4 , CO 2 -assisted hydrocarbons (ethane/propane) dehydrogenation, and solar thermochemical splitting of CO 2. Ultimately, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of photo-thermal reduction of CO 2. The main purpose of this review is to provide some insights into photo-thermal catalysts design, and a deep understanding of mechanism of CO 2 reduction, as well as giving an appreciation of application prospects for photo-thermal co-catalytic CO 2 conversion technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new system containing graphene oxide, AgNO 3 and waterborne epoxy resin. • A novel epoxy-based coating containing reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticle. • UV irradiation led to three reactions simultaneously. • Solved the aggregation of reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles in coating. • Provided a new idea for adding nanoparticles to composite materials. Ultraviolet (UV)-curable waterborne epoxy acrylic resin (EB) containing silver nitrate and graphene oxide (GO) was prepared. A new waterborne epoxy acrylate-based coating (rGO/AgNP/CEB) containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was obtained by the in situ crosslinking of EB and the reduction of GO and silver ion (Ag+) via UV curing. The experimental results showed that UV irradiation combined with glucose effectively reduced GO and Ag+ to rGO and AgNP. Moreover, AgNPs with a diameter of approximately 60 nm were uniformly distributed in the coating. This material can be used for the antifouling of the inner wall of fishponds in mariculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the Ni nanoparticles (NPs) supported on TiO 2 (Ni-TiO 2) derived from MIL-125 (Ti-MOFs) were synthesized by impregnation method. The results showed that compared with Ni catalysts supported on commercial P25 or Al 2 O 3 , the activity and stability of Ni-TiO 2 catalysts for photo-thermal CO 2 methanation were greatly improved at 325 °C under the full spectrum irradiation (1200 mW/cm2). The conversion of CO 2 was 56 %, which was about 1.8 times of that without light irradiation. The methane yield was 95.7 mmol/(g cat ∙h), which was 2.7 times higher than that without light irradiation. The excellent performance of Ni-TiO 2 can be attributed to the fact that the catalyst prepared by derived from MOFs possessed large specific surface areas, abundant moderate strength alkaline sites, which can promote the dispersion of Ni NPs and provide more active sites for the adsorption and activation of CO 2. Moreover, Ni-TiO 2 showed good photo-thermal and photo-electric conversion ability, which make the catalysts possess more photo-generated charge carriers and reduce its recombination. [Display omitted] • The dispersed Ni NPs supported on defective TiO 2 derived from MOFs was successfully synthesized. • The Ni dispersion, surface area of catalysts and the ability of photo-electricity and photo-thermal properties were characterized by various technology. • The activity and stability of photo-thermal CO 2 methanation were realized by using TiO 2 supported Ni which was derived from MOFs. • The excellent photo-thermal catalytic performance of Ni-TiO 2 can be attributed to the good photo-electric and photo-thermal conversion ability. Catalytic reduction of CO 2 to high value-added chemicals such as methane is crucial in the development of renewable energy and waste disposal. Photo-thermal CO 2 methanation has been received great attention, because the synergistic effect of photo and thermal lead to efficient CO 2 reduction at low temperature. Herein, we reported the synthesis of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) supported on TiO 2 (Ni-TiO 2) derived from MIL-125 (Ti-MOFs) for photo-thermal CO 2 methanation. The nanoparticle sizes and electron densities of metallic Ni, defects and chemical properties, photo-thermal and photo-electric characteristics of the catalysts have been systematically characterized by XRD, TEM, CO 2 /H 2 -TPD, XPS, photoluminescence and photocurrent. For the Ni-TiO 2 , the conversion of CO 2 was 56 % under the full spectrum irradiation (1200 mW/cm2) at 325 °C, which was about 1.8 times of that without light irradiation. The selectivity of methane nearly 99 % with a production rate was 95.7 mmol/(g cat ∙h), which was about 2.7 times of that without light irradiation. Meanwhile, the catalysts showed excellent stability without any activity decay during the four cycles testing (32 h). The main reasons for the high catalytic performance for photo-thermal CO 2 methanation were attributed to the uniform distribution of Ni NPs with synergistic effect of large specific surface area of TiO 2 with abundant moderate strength alkaline sites. In addition, good photo-thermal and photo-electric conversion ability make the catalysts possess more photo-generated charge carriers and reduce its recombination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of 6-substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines with reversed amide moieties from the lead compound 1a were designed and synthesized as nonclassical antifolates and as potential antitumor agents. Target compounds 1 – 9 were successfully obtained through two sequential condensation reactions from the key intermediate 2-amino-6-(2-aminoethyl)-3,7-dihydro-4 H -pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-4-one. In preliminary antiproliferation assay, all compounds demonstrated submicromolar to nanomolar inhibitory effects against KB tumor cells, whereas compounds 1 – 3 also exhibited nanomolar antiproliferative activities toward SW620 and A549 cells. In particular, compounds 1 – 3 were significantly more potent than the positive control methotrexate (MTX) and pemetrexed (PMX) to A549 cells. The growth inhibition induced cell cycle arrest at G1-phase with S-phase suppression. Along with the results of nucleoside protection assays, inhibition assays of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) clearly elucidated that the intracellular target of the designed compounds was DHFR. Molecular modeling studies suggested two binding modes of the target compounds with DHFR. Image 1 • Novel pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines were synthesized as nonclassical antifolates. • Compounds exhibited submicromolar to nanomolar antitumor activity against KB cells. • DHFR was identified as the intracellular target. • Growth inhibition induced cell cycle arrest at G1-phase with S-phase suppression. • Molecular modeling suggested two binding modes of the target compounds with DHFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Percarbonate was added into discharge plasma for tetracycline (TC) removal. • Percarbonate adding in DBD plasma presented synergistic effect for TC removal. • Improved removal of TC was attributed to generation of ·OH and ∙O 2 - radicals. • Possible degradation evolution assumed for TC in synergistic system was given. Abstract A coupling technique introducing sodium percarbonate (SPC) into a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was investigated to enhance the degradation of antibiotic tetracycline (TC) in aqueous. The dominant effects of SPC addition amount and discharge voltage were evaluated firstly. The experiments indicated that the moderate SPC dosages in the DBD presented an obvious synergistic effect, improving the TC decomposition efficiency and kinetics. Elevating the voltage was conducive for the promotion of antibiotic abatement. After 5 min treatment, the removal reached 94.3% at the SPC of 52.0 μmol/L and voltage of 4.8 kV for 20 mg/L TC. Especially the defined synergy factors were greater than one since the SPC being added, and the energy yield was increased by 155%. Besides, the function mechanism was explained by the hydrogen peroxide and ozone quantitative determinations and radical scavenger test, and the results confirmed that the collaborative method could increase the generation of reactive species, and the produced hydroxyl and superoxide radicals both played the significant roles for the TC elimination. Furthermore, the decomposition and mineralization of the synergism were verified by UV–vis spectroscopy, TOC and COD analyses, and the degradation byproducts and transformation pathways were identified based on the analysis of HPLC-MS finally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that a direct Z-scheme Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 heterojunctions could be formed via constructing interfacial chemical bonds. Thanks to the high-quality interface of the tight heterostructure between Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 and WO 3 , the charge was transferred through interfacial chemical bonds (Cs-O/Bi-O) between the interfaces until a new equilibrium state E F was fabricated to form an internal electric field. Thanks to the enhanced redox ability and highly charge separation efficiency of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 Z-scheme heterojunction, the CABB/WO 3 has excellent degradation performance for different types of pollutants. The ability of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 to exhibit superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency is attributed to formation of O 2 – and OH. [Display omitted] • The Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 Z-scheme heterojunction was constructed via interfacial chemical bonds. • The Z-scheme heterojunction could enhance the redox ability and improve charge separation efficiency. • The synthetic Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 has superior photocatalytic performance and high cycling stability. • O2– and OH could be generated by Z-scheme heterojunction to participate in photocatalytic degradation. Lead-free double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 has been widely devoted to photocatalysis owing to its outstanding optical properties. However, insufficient redox capacity and high photogenerated carrier recombination efficiency of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 would limit its effective performance. Herein, we have developed Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 Z-scheme heterojunction for enabling stable and highly efficient photocatalysis by building interfacial chemical bonds at the interface. The internal electronic structure of Z-scheme heterojuction by regulating close coupling interfacial chemical bonds at the hetero-interface could accelerate the charge transfer, enhance the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and maximize the redox ability. The Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 /WO 3 exhibits superior photocatalytic degradation, which could degrade 93.64% and 100% (complete mineralization) of Methyl Orange and Rhodamine B within 30 min and 25 min, respectively. The effective degradation of pollutants is ascribed to the electron-transfer mechanism of Z-scheme with reducing recombination rate of the photogenerated carriers, which could produce dominant O 2 – and supporting OH to effectively degrade the pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chirality is a special phenomenon exhibited by two compounds with non-superimposing mirror images of each other. Chiral enantiomers have the same composition and similar structures, but usually exhibit different physiological behaviors or different pharmacological activities. Therefore, the identification of chiral enantiomers has always been the major topics in the field of asymmetric chemistry and biology. However, traditional chiral recognition methods (such as chromatography) have many disadvantages of complicated operation and high cost. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL), as a classic electrochemical test method, has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, real-time detection, and no background interference, which has a great application prospect in chiral recognition compared with traditional methods. Unfortunately, few researchers have systematically sorted out the field of electrochemiluminescence chiral recognition. In order to provide some help for researchers in different industries to quickly and systematically understand electrochemiluminescence chiral recognition, and better guide researchers in related fields to conduct more in-depth research in the field, we summarize the review of ECL chiral recognition from the following aspects, i.e., the historical development of chiral recognition, the mechanism of ECL chiral recognition, different ECL-active materials for chiral recognition, and some challenges and outlooks in ECL chiral recognition. [Display omitted] • Different recognition mechanisms are introduced with different materials. • Detailed review for the historical development of chiral recognition. • Review about the works of combining ECL with other analytical techniques for identification of chiral enantiomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we successfully altered the product selectivity for CO 2 hydrogenation via controlling the distribution of Ga species on Ni/CeO 2 catalysts. When Ga was combined with Ni to form the spinel of NiGa 2 O 4 (NiGa 2 O 4 /CeO 2), the main product selectivity was CO. While, the Ga was doped into CeO 2 to support Ni (Ni/Ga 4 -CeO 2), the product selectivity was the CH 4. [Display omitted] • The different distribution of Ga species were successfully modulated by different methods. • The formed NiGa 2 O 4 spinel successfully altered the reaction product selectivity with a CO selectivity of more than 99%. • XPS and CO-TPD demonstrates that the negatively charged metal Ni as well as the weak adsorption of CO is the key to high CO selectivity. • In-situ DRIFTS found that the emerging formate intermediate was the main reason for the change in the reaction product. Achieving high activity and selectivity for the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction at low-temperatures continues to pose a significant challenge. Ni-based catalysts have been widely employed in CO 2 hydrogenation due to their strong capacity to dissociate H 2 , but it exhibits low selectivity for CO. Herein, we successfully altered the product selectivity for CO 2 hydrogenation via controlling the distribution of Ga species on Ni/CeO 2 catalysts. When Ga was combined with Ni to form the spinel of NiGa 2 O 4 (NiGa 2 O 4 /CeO 2), the main product selectivity was CO. While, the Ga was doped into CeO 2 to support Ni (Ni/Ga 4 -CeO 2), the product selectivity was the CH 4. The NiGa 2 O 4 spinel supported on CeO 2 exhibits excellent performance in the RWGS reaction, with a CO selectivity over 99 %, and a production rate as high as 74.5 mmol/g cat ·h at 450 °C and 24000 mL/g cat ·h, without any loss of activity after 72 h. The Ni/Ga 4 -CeO 2 , containing metallic Ni species and abundant oxygen vacancies, enhances the methanation process, with a CO 2 conversion as high as 81.38 %, and a CH 4 production rate of 136 mmol/g cat ·h. The CO-TPD analysis and density functional theory calculation reveals that the NiGa 2 O 4 /CeO 2 catalyst exhibits weak adsorption of CO*, which plays a key role in enhancing the selectivity towards CO. Subsequent in -situ DRIFTS analysis further confirms that the differences in CO 2 hydrogenation product obtained from NiGa 4 /CeO 2 and Ni/Ga 4 -CeO 2 can be attributed to the formation of different intermediate species over their surface, leading to a change in the selectivity of CO 2 hydrogenation products. This study provides an insight to switch the product selectivity for CO 2 reduction by controlling the distribution of Ga species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC), a primary member of antibiotics in water, was performed by a gas phase dielectric barrier discharge (GPDBD) plasma reactor. The influences of operation conditions including applied voltages, air bubbling rates, initial OTC concentrations and initial pH values on OTC abatement were investigated respectively. The results showed that the decontamination process can be fitted by first order kinetics, and the removal ratio and rate were affected obviously by those parameters. After 20 min of discharge treatment, approximately 93.4% of OTC was removed under the experimental conditions: applied voltage of 7.5 kV, air flow rate of 1.0 L/min, initial OTC concentration of 100 mg/L, and initial pH of 5.0. In addition, TOC and COD removal efficiency reached 43.0% and 73.7% at the original pH 9.3, respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of hydrogen peroxide and ozone in aqueous were quantitatively measured to evaluate their roles during antibiotic removal, and the main function of hydroxyl radicals was demonstrated by the radicals scavenger test. At last, the analyses of UV–Vis spectra and HPLC-MS were employed to study the OTC elimination mechanism, and the possible decomposition pathway was proposed based on the speculated intermediates. Graphical abstract This Figure illustrates the main process of oxytetracycline (OTC) removal by a gas phase dielectric barrier discharge (GPDBD) plasma system. The production of OH, H 2 O 2 , and O 3 by discharge plasma is the critical step during OTC degradation process, and the OH radicals play a dominative role in organic compounds removal. HPLC-MS is employed to study the mechanism of OTC degradation. The results show that OTC would firstly be oxidized to some big molecule intermediates, and gradually be decomposed to a few of small molecule compounds and organic acids, even mineralized to CO 2 , H 2 O, NH 4 + and NO 3 − ultimately. Image 1 Highlights • Oxytetracycline was degraded effectively by a gas phase DBD system. • H 2 O 2 and O 3 generated during discharge process were determined quantitatively. • Radicals scavenger addition proved that OH played a vital role in removal process. • Oxytetracycline degradation mechanism was proposed based on HPLC-MS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has become one of the most serious complications after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Small ubiquitin-like modification (SUMOylation) is a reversible process, including SUMO E1-, E2-, and E3-mediated SUMOylation and SUMO-specific protease-mediated deSUMOylation, with the latter having been shown to play a vital role in myocardial IRI previously. However, little is known about the function and regulation of SUMO E3 ligases in myocardial IRI. Results: In this study, we found dramatically decreased expression of PIAS1 after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mouse myocardium and H9C2 cells. PIAS1 deficiency aggravated apoptosis and inflammation of cardiomyocytes via activating the NF-κB pathway after I/R. Mechanistically, we identified PIAS1 as a specific E3 ligase for PPARγ SUMOylation. Moreover, H9C2 cells treated with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) displayed reduced PPARγ SUMOylation as a result of down-regulated PIAS1, and act an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory function through repressing NF-κB activity. Finally, overexpression of PIAS1 in H9C2 cells could remarkably ameliorate I/R injury. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings demonstrate the crucial role of PIAS1-mediated PPARγ SUMOylation in protecting against myocardial IRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coupling method introducing persulfate (PS) into a photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) was investigated to improve the decoloration of methyl orange (MO) and simultaneous electricity production. The TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) were fabricated successfully on the titanium sheet as the photoanode, which was confirmed by the characterizations of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Due to the characteristics of inorganic sacrificial agent and strong oxidant for PS, the proposed PFC/PS system could improve the photocatalytic reaction and extend the range of active species reaction from the solid electrodes surface to the total liquid phase through the formation of sulfate radical (SO 4 −) and hydroxyl radical (HO ) for MO removal. Hence, PFC/PS exhibited remarkable cell performance, increasing the MO decomposition by 40.36% and electricity generation by 44.97% relative to the PFC system without adding PS. Besides, the pollutant removal ability of the PFC/PS system was systematically assessed at different operation parameters, such as PS concentration, initial MO concentration, initial pH, and UV light intensity. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of MO elimination was elucidated by the radicals quenching tests and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) quantitative determination, and these results confirmed that the formation of reactive species, including SO 4 −, HO , H 2 O 2 and even photogenerated holes, were responsibility for contaminant abatement in the PFC/PS system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A process of persulfate (PS) activation in gas phase surface discharge plasma was studied to facilitate the removal of tetracycline (TC) in water. PS was introduced into the discharge reactor, and the effects of PS added dosage and applied voltage on TC removal were determined. The results showed that PS addition exhibited significant synergistic effect, promoting the degradation efficiency and removal rate of TC. Increasing the applied voltage was beneficial to the enhancement of TC decomposition. The removal efficiency and first order kinetic constant were achieved 87.5% and 0.232 min −1 at a PS addition dosage of 20:1 (molar ratio of PS to TC) and a discharge voltage of 7 kV after 15 min treatment, respectively. Especially the calculated synergistic factor achieved 1.856, indicating the synergistic effect was existed. Besides, the removal of the synergistic system was influenced remarkably by the other operation parameters, including air flow rate, initial TC concentration, and initial pH value. The mineralization of TC and intermediates produced during the synergistic process was explored by UV–vis spectrogram and TOC analyses. The synergistic effect could be explained by the enhanced formation of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals that were generated from the activation of PS in discharge plasma. The evolution of the main degradation byproducts in the synergism process was investigated by HPLC–MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyl radicals ( OH) is a kind of critical active species produced in the process of discharge plasma. We employed an innovative method to explore the OH generation features during granular activated carbon (GAC) regeneration in a DBD reactor, which was driven by a bipolar pulse power and an alternating current (AC) power, respectively. This measure was used the salicylic acid (SA) as a OH scavenger, which was adsorbed on GAC. And then the amount of OH was determined by the SA extracts from GAC using HPLC. The influence of the reactor supplied power on OH generation was assessed respectively powered by bipolar pulse and AC power. Besides, the effects of applied voltage, air flow rate, and GAC water content on OH formation were also evaluated under the two powers. Results showed that the greater discharge strength and air support were in favor of higher OH generation, and an optimal value of 20% for GAC water content was also observed. Moreover, the OH formation and its energy efficiency supplied by bipolar pulse power were both superior than AC power. Correspondingly, the phenol degradation on GAC and GAC regeneration motivated by bipolar pulse power were also enhanced than AC power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type 2 small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK2) have been considered as one of the most promising therapeutic targets for spinocerebellar ataxias type 2 (SCA2) by playing a critical role in the control of normal purkinje cells (PCs) pacemaking. Herein, a novel series of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized from the lead compound NS13001 as subtype-selective modulators of SK channels. Among them, the halogen-substituted compound 12b (EC 50 = 0.34 ± 0.044 μM) was identified with a ∼5.4-fold higher potency on potentiating SK2-a channels at submicromolar concentrations as compared to NS13001 (EC 50 = 1.83 ± 0.50 μM). Furthermore, compound 12b exhibited selectivity on SK2-a/SK3 subtype by displaying 93.33 ± 3.26% efficacies on SK2-a channels, and 84.54% ± 7.49% on SK3 channels. In addition, compound 12b demonstrated the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with suitable pharmacokinetic properties and low cytotoxicity. Molecular docking study also unveiled the binding interactions of compound 12b with SK2-CaM protein complex. Overall, the novel pyrrolopyrimidines provide an insightful guidance for future structural optimization of SK channel agonists. [Display omitted] • Novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized as selective positive modulator of SK channels. • Compound 12b displayed higher potency on potentiating SK2-a channels (EC 50 = 0.34 ± 0.044 μM (n = 5)). • Compound 12b maintained SK2-a/SK3 subtype selectivity. • Compound 12b demonstrated the potential to cross the blood-brain barrier with suitable pharmacokinetic properties. • Molecular docking studies explained the binding interactions of the target compound with SK2-CaM protein complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technology has attracted increasing interest to generate intelligent biomaterials combined with novel peptide molecules. In this work, the composite films based on palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (PP4) and phthalocyanine dye molecules were prepared by LB technique. The aggregation forms of phthalocyanine dye molecules and the structures/properties of composite films were studied. UV-Vis, FT-IR and SEM and other characterizations proved that the LB films are successfully composited, which may be due to the H-bonding, π-π stacking and electrostatic forces. Interestingly, the TPPS/PP4 LB films show excellent acid-alkali gas response. In addition, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) demonstrate that the TsNiPc/PP4 LB film exhibits surface-enhancing properties for crystal violet (CV) molecules. Furthermore, the result demonstrate that the prepared LB films show good photocurrent generation efficiency. This work provides new clues for the preparation of self-assembled films and their applications as gas sensors, SERS and photoelectric device. [Display omitted] • Explore composite films based on palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 and phthalocyanine dye molecules by Langmuir-Blodgett technique. • Investigate the good acid-alkali gas response and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). • Provide new insight on chiral self-assembled LB films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An intrinsically non-superwettable state can be changed into a superwettable state. • Superwetted electrodes exhibit excellent liquid adsorption and gas desorption. • The superwetted catalysts exhibit excellent OER activity (186 mV at 10 mA cm−2). • The structure-wettability-catalytic activity relationship has been researched. Superwettable surfaces has been applied for electrocatalytic water splitting, however, in this phase conversion reaction, the relationship between wettability and electrochemical processes is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrate superwettable surface dependent liquid adsorption and gas desorption for promotion of electrocatalytic reactions, where significant change of wetting state leads to an obvious decrease in overpotential of water splitting reactions. Through an amorphous coating strategy, an intrinsically non-superwettable Ni 3 S 2 catalyst can be transitioned into superwettable Ni 3 S 2 catalyst (Ni 3 S 2 @Ni(II)-TC), where water contact angle (WCA) is 0°, implying superhydrophilicity, and bubble contact angle is 153°, meaning under-water superaerophobicity. The Ni 3 S 2 @Ni(II)-TC electrode reduces the overpotential of OER from 267 mV to 186 mV and HER from 262 mV to 166 mV at 10 mA cm−2 compared with non-superwettable Ni 3 S 2. The two-electrode electrolyzer performs water electrolysis at 10 mA cm−2 with the voltage of 1.53 V for 20 h without obvious decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of multifunctional film materials from novel organic small molecules has attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, novel carbazole organic molecules (CS-14, CS-38 and CS-39) were successfully composited with TsNiPc and TPPS subphases into multilayer films by LB technology. The nanostructure and morphology of the composite films were successfully assembled and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the stability of the composite film was proved by UV–vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that Langmuir films are transferred to the surface of substrates in different aggregated morphologies. In addition, the self-assembled LB film electrodes exhibit excellent photoelectrochemical performance. The photoelectric conversion of the multilayer films transferred to ITO (indium tin oxide) was tested, and CS-38/TsNiPc Langmuir film exhibits a stronger photoelectric conversion effect. The electrolysis reaction of LB films to water was also tested. Further analysis shows that the composite films with TsNiPc as the subphase all showed better catalytic performance than the composite films with TPPS as the subphase. Therefore, the prepared LB film has the potential to become an optoelectronic functional ultrathin film device. [Display omitted] • Develop novel carbazole-based organic molecule composite Langmuir-Blodget films. • Demonstrate the photoelectric conversion and catalytic performance. • Self-assembled film showed high photoelectric conversion efficiency. • Potential applications in optoelectronic functional device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]