Search

A case study of an autistic child (now a successfully employed graduate student and author of the article) whose parents and teachers capitalized on her fixations and compulsions by using them in learning activities illustrates how the needs of drive of autistic children can be redirected to motivate successful academic achievement. (CB)

Observations were made on 73 dams on two ranches in Colorado and one in Wyoming during the spring 2022 calving season to investigate the relationship between temperament and calf protection. The objective was to compare temperament scores to the distances of protective behavior performed by the dam as the observer moved closer to the pair. The protective actions of the cow were: Approach (alerted by raising her head to presence of the observer), Protective (moved between observer and calf), Vocalization (called to calf), and Closest (closest distance the observer reached before the pair moved away). Temperament scores included chute score, exit score, exit velocity, and blood lactate. One hundred percent of the dams alerted to the presence of the observer, twenty-five percent (n = 18) moved between the observer and the calf, and sixtythree percent (n = 46) vocalized to their calf. Thirty-five (47.9%) dams allowed the observer to touch the calf, categorized as Touch, while the other thirty-eight (52.1%) walked away from the observer before contact with the calf, categorized as No Touch. In a linear model using Touch/No Touch as the predictor and the continuous variables of Approach, Protect, Vocalize, Closest, exit velocity, and blood lactate; only closest (P < 0.001) and exit velocity (P = 0.011) had significant differences (P < 0.05) between the means. Dams that allowed the observer to touch the calf, on average, exited the chute with greater velocity (P = 0.01). Blood lactate and exit velocity were predictors in a mixed model with Ranch as a random factor with Touch/No Touch as the outcome; no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed individually on Approach, Protection, Vocalization, and Closest with predictor values of Ranch, date of birth (DOB), and hair whorl. A significant difference (P = 0.04) appeared between the medians of Closest when grouped by hair whorl; dams with abnormal hair whorls moved away from the observer at a greater distance. When divided by Ranch, there were differences (P < 0.001) in the average chute score. This study suggests that dams with a faster exit velocity are approachable in the field. Exit velocity is not a good indicator of how close an observer can get to a calf in the field. Attraction to novelty could have a larger role than previously thought in temperament. No impactful relationships were observed between the temperament of a dam and her maternal protectiveness. Ranchers can continue selecting for docile temperament without fear of decreasing maternal protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of defective equipments and mishandling by staff are discussed as major reasons of vocalizations of cattle in slaughter houses.

The objectives of this study were to benchmark cow-calf producer perspectives on management strategies and challenges, and to determine if demographic differences and Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) certification status influenced the frequency of certain management strategies. A total of 1,414 responses from cow-calf producers in 44 states were collected through an online survey conducted in partnership with BEEF, a producer-focused magazine. Survey recipients were asked 30 questions to gather demographic information, respondents' current handling and health management practices, and how they prioritized industry challenges. The frequency of management methods and decisions such as preconditioning and identification methods were impacted by respondent age, operation size, location, and BQA certification (P s ≤ 0.009). BQA-certified respondents more frequently used electronic ear tags and freeze branding (P s = 0.009). Overall, 74.5% of respondents were preconditioning their calves. Respondents who were BQA certified more frequently preconditioned their calves (449; 81.5%) compared with those who were not BQA certified (582; 70.4%) (P < 0.001). BQA training seems to be having a positive impact on production practices. Respondents identified cow-calf health as the biggest beef industry challenge and identified land availability or price as the biggest challenge to producers' own operation. Respondents identified bovine respiratory disease, flies, pinkeye, and reproductive health as the most important animal health issues on producers' operations. Health challenge responses varied significantly by producer age, beef cow inventory, and region of the United States (P s < 0.001). Calf or neonate health was most commonly identified as the biggest challenge for respondents under the age of 30 years. Producers between the ages of 55 and 70 years most commonly responded that the Veterinary Feed Directive or regulations were more of a challenge than other age groups. Respondents clearly identified managing herd health as a challenge throughout the survey. Respondents with similar herd health challenges were identified based on demographic categorization, such as age of respondent and region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to benchmark how cow-calf producers were marketing their calves, their priorities when selecting replacements, and if producers saw value in a quality assessment focusing on animal handling and care. A total of 1,414 responses from cow-calf producers in 44 states were collected through a survey conducted in partnership with BEEF. Thirty questions were asked of respondents to gather demographic information, establish at what age and through what avenue respondents were marketing their calves, and gauge respondent perspectives on selection decisions, pain management and a quality assessment outlining handling and care guidelines. The percentage of respondents who marketed their calves at certain ages varied by herd size (P < 0.001). Respondents with 50 head or less or more than 1,000 head most commonly retained their calves through finishing and respondents with 51 to 200 head and 201 head to 500 head more frequently backgrounded and then sold their calves. Respondents' top priorities when selecting bulls were calving ease, followed by growth and feed efficiency traits. When selecting females, top priorities were reproductive efficiency, followed by mothering ability. The percentage of respondents using pain management differed by whether a veterinarian had offered to administer a drug for pain management (P < 0.001). 13.5% of respondents answered yes, and a veterinarian had offered to administer a drug for pain management when castrating or dehorning. Of those 13.5% who responded yes pain management had been offered, and 54.55% of respondents chose to use a pain relief method. A higher percentage of respondents that precondition also more frequently indicated that they used a pain relief method when castrating or dehorning, though it was still a low percentage (P = 0.006). Overall, 46.3% of respondents saw value in handling and care guidelines and 54.9% of respondents saw value in a program including source and age verification, a vaccination plan, and handling and care guidelines. Respondents who were Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) certified had a beef cow inventory of 501 to 1,000 head, who preconditioned their calves and backgrounded them before selling, and who lived in the West most commonly saw value in a quality assessment outlining handling and care guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]