Author: "Gowland, Penny" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Gowland, Penny"' showing total 1,855 results

Start Over Author "Gowland, Penny"

1,855 results on '"Gowland, Penny"'

201. The Emerging Role of Functional MRI for Evaluating Fetal Brain Activity

Author: Fulford, Jon and Gowland, Penny A.
Published: 2009
Full Text: View/download PDF

202. The Human Brain Is Best Described as Being on a Female/Male Continuum: Evidence from a Neuroimaging Connectivity Study

Author: Zhang, Yi, Luo, Qiang, Huang, Chu-Chung, Lo, Chun-Yi Zac, Langley, Christelle, Quinlan, Erin Burke, Banaschewski, Tobias, Millenet, Sabina, Bokde, Arun L W, Flor, Herta, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Poustka, Luise, Smolka, Michael N, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Tsai, Shih-Jen, Lin, Ching-Po, Bullmore, Ed, Schumann, Gunter, Sahakian, Barbara J, Feng, Jianfeng, and for the IMAGEN consortium
Subjects: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience
Abstract: Psychological androgyny has long been associated with greater cognitive flexibility, adaptive behavior, and better mental health, but whether a similar concept can be defined using neural features remains unknown. Using the neuroimaging data from 9620 participants, we found that global functional connectivity was stronger in the male brain before middle age but became weaker after that, when compared with the female brain, after systematic testing of potentially confounding effects. We defined a brain gender continuum by estimating the likelihood of an observed functional connectivity matrix to represent a male brain. We found that participants mapped at the center of this continuum had fewer internalizing symptoms compared with those at the 2 extreme ends. These findings suggest a novel hypothesis proposing that there exists a neuroimaging concept of androgyny using the brain gender continuum, which may be associated with better mental health in a similar way to psychological androgyny.
Published: 2021

203. MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability

Author: Scott, Robert A., Williams, Hannah G., Hoad, Caroline L., Alyami, Ali, Ortori, Catherine A., Grove, Jane I., Marciani, Luca, Moran, Gordon W., Spiller, Robin C., Menys, Alex, Aithal, Guruprasad P., and Gowland, Penny A.
Subjects: Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Abstract: Background: Increased small bowel permeability leads to bacterial translocation, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are needed to evaluate these changes in vivo, stratify an individual's risk, and evaluate the efficacy of interventions. MRI is an established biomarker of small bowel inflammation. Purpose: To characterize changes in the small bowel with quantitative MRI measures associated with increased permeability induced by indomethacin. Study Type: Prospective single-center, double-blind, two-way crossover provocation study. Subjects: A provocation cohort (22 healthy volunteers) and intrasubject reproducibility cohort (8 healthy volunteers). Field Strength/Sequence: 2D balanced turbo field echo sequences to measure small bowel wall thickness, T2, and motility acquired at 3T. Assessment: Participants were randomized to receive indomethacin or placebo prior to assessment. After a minimum 2-week washout, measures were repeated with the alternative allocation. MR measures (wall thickness, T2, motility) at each study visit were compared to the reference standard 2-hour lactulose/mannitol urinary excretion ratio (LMR) test performed by a lab technician. All analyses were performed blind. Statistical Tests: Normality was tested (Shapiro–Wilk's test). Paired testing (Student's t-test or Wilcoxon) determined the significance of paired differences with indomethacin provocation. Pearson's correlation coefficient compared significant measures with indomethacin provocation to LMR. Intrasubject (intraclass correlation) and interrater variability (Bland–Altman) were assessed. Results: Indomethacin provocation induced a significant increase in LMR compared to placebo (P < 0.05) and a significant increase in small bowel T2 (0.12 seconds compared to placebo 0.07 seconds, P < 0.05). Small bowel wall thickness (P = 0.17) and motility (P = 0.149) showed no significant change. T2 and LMR were positively correlated (r = 0.68, P < 0.05). T2 measurements were robust to interobserver (intraclass correlation 0.89) and intrasubject variability (Bland–Altman bias of 0.005 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.04 to +0.05 seconds, and 0.0006 seconds, 95% CI –0.05 to +0.06 seconds). Data Conclusion: MR measures of small bowel wall T2 were significantly increased following indomethacin provocation and correlated with 2-hour LMR test results. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy Stage: 2.
Published: 2021

204. Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect

Author: IMAGEN Consortium, Baumeister, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Quinlan, Erin Burke, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Artiges, Eric, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Poustka, Luise, Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Banaschewski, Tobias, Brandeis, Daniel, and Nees, Frauke
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, General Medicine
Abstract: Conduct problems (CP) in patients with disruptive behavior disorders have been linked to impaired prefrontal processing of negative facial affect compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affective face processing hold along the CP dimension in a healthy population sample, and how subcortical processing is affected. We measured functional brain responses during negative affective face processing in 1444 healthy adolescents [M?=?14.39 years (SD?=?0.40), 51.5% female] from the European IMAGEN multicenter study. To determine the effects of CP, we applied a two-step approach: (a) testing matched subgroups of low versus high CP, extending into the clinical range [N?=?182 per group, M?=?14.44 years, (SD?=?0.41), 47.3% female] using analysis of variance, and (b) considering (non)linear effects along the CP dimension in the full sample and in the high CP group using multiple regression. We observed no significant cortical or subcortical effect of CP group on brain responses to negative facial affect. In the full sample, regression analyses revealed a significant linear increase of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity with increasing CP up to the clinical range. In the high CP group, a significant inverted u-shaped effect indicated that left OFC responses decreased again in individuals with high CP. Left OFC activity during negative affective processing which is increasing with CP and decreasing in the highest CP range may reflect on the importance of frontal control mechanisms that counteract the consequences of severe CP by facilitating higher social engagement and better evaluation of social content in adolescents.
Published: 2021

205. Endocannabinoid Gene x Gene Interaction Association to Alcohol Use Disorder in two Adolescent Cohorts

Author: Elkrief, Laurent, Spinney, Sean, Vosberg, Daniel E, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun, Quinlan, Erin B, Flor, Herta, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Martinot, Jean -Luc, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina K, Smolka, Michael N, Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Pausova, Zdenka, Huguet, Guillaume, and Conrod, Patricia
Abstract: Genetic markers of endocannabinoid system have been linked to a variety of addiction-related behaviours that extend beyond cannabis use. In the current study we investigate the relationship between eCB genetic markers and AUDs in European adolescents (14-18 years old), followed in the IMAGEN study (n=2051) and explore replication in a cohort of North American adolescents from Canadian Saguenay Youth Study (SYS) (n=772). Case-Control status is represented by a score of more than 7 on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). First a set-based test method was used to examine if a relationship between the eCB system and AUDIT case/control status exists, at the gene level. Using only SNPs that are both independent and significantly associated to case-control status, we perform Fisher’s exact test to determine SNP level odds ratios in relation to case-control status and then perform logistic regressions as post-hoc analysis, while considering various covariates. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the most robust SNP x SNP interaction of the 5 eCB genes with positive AUDIT screen. While no gene-sets were significantly associated to AUDIT scores after correction for multiple tests, in the case/control analysis, 7 SNPs were significantly associated with AUDIT scores of > 7 (p [less than] 0.05; OR [less than] 1). Two SNPs remain significant after correction by false discovery rate (FDR); rs9343525 in CNR1 (pcorrected=0.04273, OR=0.729) and rs507961 in MGLL (pcorrected=0.04273, OR=0.784). Logistic regression showed that both rs9353525 (CNR1) and rs507961 (MGLL) remained significantly associated with positive AUDIT screens (p [less than] 0.01; OR[less than] 1), after correction for multiple covariables and interaction of covariable x SNP. This result was not replicated in the SYS cohort. The GMDR model revealed a significant three-SNP interaction (p= 0.006) involving rs484061 (MGLL), rs4963307 (DAGLA) and rs7766029 (CNR1) predicted case-control status, after correcting for multiple covariables in the IMAGEN sample. A binomial logistic regression of the combination of these three SNPs by phenotype in the SYS cohort showed a result in the same direction as seen in the IMAGEN cohort (BETA=0.501, p=0.06). While preliminary, the present study suggests that the eCB system may play a role in the development of AUD in adolescents.
Published: 2021

206. Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence

Author: Biondo, Francesca, Thunell, Charlotte Nymberg, Xu, Bing, Chu, Congying, Jia, Tianye, Ing, Alex, Quinlan, Erin Burke, Tay, Nicole, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Flor, Herta, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Poustka, Luise, Millenet, Sabina, Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Barker, Edward D., Schumann, Gunter, and IMAGEN Consortium
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Applied Psychology
Abstract: BackgroundSex-related differences in psychopathology are known phenomena, with externalizing and internalizing symptoms typically more common in boys and girls, respectively. However, the neural correlates of these sex-by-psychopathology interactions are underinvestigated, particularly in adolescence.MethodsParticipants were 14 years of age and part of the IMAGEN study, a large (N = 1526) community-based sample. To test for sex-by-psychopathology interactions in structural grey matter volume (GMV), we used whole-brain, voxel-wise neuroimaging analyses based on robust non-parametric methods. Psychopathological symptom data were derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsWe found a sex-by-hyperactivity/inattention interaction in four brain clusters: right temporoparietal-opercular region (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = ?0.24), bilateral anterior and mid-cingulum (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = ?0.18), right cerebellum and fusiform (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = ?0.20) and left frontal superior and middle gyri (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = ?0.26). Higher symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower GMV in all four brain clusters in boys, and with higher GMV in the temporoparietal-opercular and cerebellar-fusiform clusters in girls.ConclusionsUsing a large, sex-balanced and community-based sample, our study lends support to the idea that externalizing symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention may be associated with different neural structures in male and female adolescents. The brain regions we report have been associated with a myriad of important cognitive functions, in particular, attention, cognitive and motor control, and timing, that are potentially relevant to understand the behavioural manifestations of hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in our efforts to uncover mechanisms underlying psychopathology during adolescence.
Published: 2021

207. Acute gabapentin administration in healthy adults. A double-blind placebo-controlled study using transcranial magnetic stimulation and 7T 1H-MRS

Author: Dyke, Katherine, Babourina-Brooks, Ben, Chen, Chen, Kim, Soyoung, Sigurdsson, Hilmar P., Draper, Amelia, Husain, Masud, Nachev, Parashkev, Gowland, Penny, Morris, Peter G., and Jackson, Stephen R.
Published: 2021

208. Reward Versus Nonreward Sensitivity of the Medial Versus Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex Relates to the Severity of Depressive Symptoms

Author: Xie, Chao, Jia, Tianye, Rolls, Edmund T., Robbins, Trevor W., Sahakian, Barbara J., Zhang, Jie, Liu, Zhaowen, Cheng, Wei, Luo, Qiang, Zac Lo, Chun-Yi, Wang, He, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L.W., Quinlan, Erin Burke, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Hohmann, Sarah, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Poustka, Luise, Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, Feng, Jianfeng, Artiges, Eric, Aydin, Semiha, Barbot, Alexis, Barker, Gareth, Becker, Andreas, Bezivin-Frere, Pauline, Biondo, Francesca, Bokde, Arun, Chu, Congying, Conrod, Patricia, Daedelow, Laura, Dalley, Jeffrey, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Dooley, Eoin, Filippi, Irina, Fillmer, Ariane, Frouin, Vincent, Grimmer, Yvonne, Ihlenfeld, Albrecht, Ing, Alex, Isensee, Corinna, Lethbridge, Emma, Millenet, Sabina, Miller, Sarah, Miranda, Ruben, Paillere, Marie-Laure, Papadopoulos, Dimitri, Pausova, Zdenka, Pentilla, Jani, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Burke, Erin, Rapp, Michael, Robbins, Trevor, Robert, Gabriel, Rogers, John, Ruggeri, Barbara, Smolka, Michael, Stringaris, Argyris, van Noort, Betteke, Simon, Roux, Williams, Steve, and Zhang, Yuning
Subjects: nervous system, Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neurology, psychological phenomena and processes, Biological Psychiatry
Abstract: BackgroundThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in depression. The hypothesis investigated was whether the OFC sensitivity to reward and nonreward is related to the severity of depressive symptoms.MethodsActivations in the monetary incentive delay task were measured in the IMAGEN cohort at ages 14 years (n = 1877) and 19 years (n = 1140) with a longitudinal design. Clinically relevant subgroups were compared at ages 19 (high-severity group: n = 116; low-severity group: n = 206) and 14.ResultsThe medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward, and the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. In this general population, the medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at both ages 14 and 19 years. In a stratified high-severity depressive symptom group versus control group comparison, the lateral OFC showed greater sensitivity for the magnitudes of activations related to nonreward in the high-severity group at age 19 (p = .027), and the medial OFC showed decreased sensitivity to the reward magnitudes in the high-severity group at both ages 14 (p = .002) and 19 (p = .002). In a longitudinal design, there was greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 for those who exhibited high depressive symptom severity later at age 19 (p = .003).ConclusionsActivations in the lateral OFC relate to sensitivity to not winning, were associated with high depressive symptom scores, and at age 14 predicted the depressive symptoms at ages 16 and 19. Activations in the medial OFC were related to sensitivity to winning, and reduced reward sensitivity was associated with concurrent high depressive symptom scores.
Published: 2021

209. Sex differences in neural correlates of common psychopathological symptoms in early adolescence.

Author: Biondo, Francesca, Thunell, Charlotte Nymberg, Xu, Bing, Chu, Congying, Jia, Tianye, Ing, Alex, Quinlan, Erin Burke, Tay, Nicole, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Büchel, Christian, Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, and Lemaitre, Hervé
Subjects: BRAIN, GRAY matter (Nerve tissue), SEX distribution, ADOLESCENT health, TEENAGERS' conduct of life, PATHOLOGICAL psychology, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, NEURORADIOLOGY, MOTOR ability
Abstract: Background: Sex-related differences in psychopathology are known phenomena, with externalizing and internalizing symptoms typically more common in boys and girls, respectively. However, the neural correlates of these sex-by-psychopathology interactions are underinvestigated, particularly in adolescence. Methods: Participants were 14 years of age and part of the IMAGEN study, a large (N = 1526) community-based sample. To test for sex-by-psychopathology interactions in structural grey matter volume (GMV), we used whole-brain, voxel-wise neuroimaging analyses based on robust non-parametric methods. Psychopathological symptom data were derived from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: We found a sex-by-hyperactivity/inattention interaction in four brain clusters: right temporoparietal-opercular region (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = −0.24), bilateral anterior and mid-cingulum (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = −0.18), right cerebellum and fusiform (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = −0.20) and left frontal superior and middle gyri (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = −0.26). Higher symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower GMV in all four brain clusters in boys, and with higher GMV in the temporoparietal-opercular and cerebellar-fusiform clusters in girls. Conclusions: Using a large, sex-balanced and community-based sample, our study lends support to the idea that externalizing symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention may be associated with different neural structures in male and female adolescents. The brain regions we report have been associated with a myriad of important cognitive functions, in particular, attention, cognitive and motor control, and timing, that are potentially relevant to understand the behavioural manifestations of hyperactive and inattentive symptoms. This study highlights the importance of considering sex in our efforts to uncover mechanisms underlying psychopathology during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

210. Global and Regional Structural Differences and Prediction of Autistic Traits during Adolescence.

Author: Nees, Frauke, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Desrivières, Sylvane, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Grimmer, Yvonne, Heinz, Andreas, Brühl, Rüdiger, Isensee, Corinna, Becker, Andreas, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Lemaître, Hervé, Stringaris, Argyris, van Noort, Betteke, and Paus, Tomáš
Subjects: REGIONAL differences, ADOLESCENCE, NEURAL development
Abstract: Background: Autistic traits are commonly viewed as dimensional in nature, and as continuously distributed in the general population. In this respect, the identification of predictive values of markers such as subtle autism-related alterations in brain morphology for parameter values of autistic traits could increase our understanding of this dimensional occasion. However, currently, very little is known about how these traits correspond to alterations in brain morphology in typically developing individuals, particularly during a time period where changes due to brain development processes do not provide a bias. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed brain volume, cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in a cohort of 14–15-year-old adolescents (N = 285, female: N = 162) and tested their predictive value for autistic traits, assessed with the social responsiveness scale (SRS) two years later at the age of 16–17 years, using a regression-based approach. We found that autistic traits were significantly predicted by volumetric changes in the amygdala (r = 0.181), cerebellum (r = 0.128) and hippocampus (r = −0.181, r = −0.203), both in boys and girls. Moreover, the CT of the superior frontal region was negatively correlated (r = −0.144) with SRS scores. Furthermore, we observed a significant association between the SRS total score and smaller left putamen volume, specifically in boys (r = −0.217), but not in girls. Our findings suggest that neural correlates of autistic traits also seem to lie on a continuum in the general population, are determined by limbic–striatal neuroanatomical brain areas, and are partly dependent on sex. As we imaged adolescents from a large population-based cohort within a small age range, these data may help to increase the understanding of autistic-like occasions in otherwise typically developing individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

211. Does Fat Alter the Cortical Response to Flavor?

Author: Eldeghaidy, Sally, Hollowood, Tracey, Marciani, Luca, Head, Kay, Busch, Johanneke, Taylor, Andrew J., Foster, Tim J., Spiller, Robin C., Gowland, Penny A., Francis, Sue, and Hort, Joanne
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

212. Assessing Lymphatic Uptake of Lipids Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Feasibility Study in Healthy Human Volunteers with Potential Application for Tracking Lymph Node Delivery of Drugs and Formulation Excipients

Author: Jewell, Adelaide, primary, Williams, Hannah, additional, Hoad, Caroline L., additional, Gellert, Paul R., additional, Ashford, Marianne B., additional, Butler, James, additional, Stolnik, Snow, additional, Scurr, David, additional, Stocks, Michael J., additional, Marciani, Luca, additional, Gowland, Penny A., additional, and Gershkovich, Pavel, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

213. Bayesian Causal Network Modeling Suggests Adolescent Cannabis Use Promotes Accelerated Prefrontal Cortical Thinning

Author: Owens, Max Michael, primary, Albaugh, Matthew, additional, Allgaier, Nicholas, additional, Yuan, Dekang, additional, Robert, Gabriel, additional, Cupertino, Renata B., additional, Spechler, Philip A., additional, Juliano, Anthony, additional, Hahn, Sage, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Bokde, Arun L.W., additional, Quinlan, Erin Burke, additional, Desrivieres, Sylvane, additional, Flor, Herta, additional, Grigis, Antoine, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Brühl, Rüdiger, additional, Martinot, Jean-Luc, additional, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, additional, Artiges, Eric, additional, Nees, Frauke, additional, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, additional, Lemaitre, Herve, additional, Paus, Tomáš, additional, Poustka, Luise, additional, Millenet, Sabina, additional, Fröhner, Juliane Hilde, additional, Smolka, Michael N., additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Whelan, Robert, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, and Garavan, Hugh, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

214. Psyllium reduces inulin-induced colonic gas production in IBS: MRI and in vitro fermentation studies

Author: Gunn, David, primary, Abbas, Zainab, additional, Harris, Hannah C, additional, Major, Giles, additional, Hoad, Caroline, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Marciani, Luca, additional, Gill, Samantha K, additional, Warren, Fred J, additional, Rossi, Megan, additional, Remes-Troche, Jose Maria, additional, Whelan, Kevin, additional, and Spiller, Robin C, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

215. Irregular sleep habits, regional grey matter volumes, and psychological functioning in adolescents

Author: the IMAGEN consortium, Lapidaire, Winok, Urrila, Anna S., Artiges, Eric, Miranda, Ruben, Vulser, Helene, Bezivin-Frere, Pauline, Lemaitre, Herve, Penttilä, Jani, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L.W., Bromberg, Uli, Buchel, Christian, Conrod, Patricia J., Desrivières, Sylvane, Frouin, Vincent, Gallinat, Jurgen, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Papadopoulos-Orfanos, Dimitri, Paus, Tomas, Smolka, Michael N., Schumann, Gunter, Martinot, Marie Laure Paillere, Martinot, Jean Luc, Fauth-Buhler, M., Poutska, L., Nees, F., Grimmer, Y., Struve, M., Strohle, A., Kappel, V., Van Noort, B. M., Bordas, N., Bricaud, Z., Filippi, I., Galinowski, A., Gollier-Briant, F., Menard, Vincent, Cattrell, A., Goodman, R., Stringaris, A., Nymberg, C., Reed, L., Ittermann, B., Bruhl R, R., Hubner, T., Muller, K., Bromberg, U., CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (CB), Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Adolescent psychopathology and Medicine, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada [Madrid] (FMC), Facultad de Ciencas [Madrid], Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Tampere University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Trinity College Dublin, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, King‘s College London, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Toronto, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), ANR-19-CE37-0017,GeBra,Approches translationelles, profilage transcriptomique, et imagerie cérébrale: vers des nouveaux biomarqueurs et réseaux biologiques dans la resilience au stress(2019), ANR-18-NEUR-0002,ADORe,TARGETING ADOLESCENT NEUROCOGNITIVE PROCESSES IN DEPRESSION TO PROMOTE INTERVENTION RESPONSE(2018), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Approches translationelles, profilage transcriptomique, et imagerie cérébrale: vers des nouveaux biomarqueurs et réseaux biologiques dans la resilience au stress - - GeBra2019 - ANR-19-CE37-0017 - AAPG2019 - VALID, ERANET NEURON - TARGETING ADOLESCENT NEUROCOGNITIVE PROCESSES IN DEPRESSION TO PROMOTE INTERVENTION RESPONSE - - ADORe2018 - ANR-18-NEUR-0002 - ERAnet NEURON - VALID, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Tampere University, Clinical Medicine, Staff Services, HUS Children and Adolescents, Nuorisopsykiatria, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Area, HYKS erva, Päijät-Häme Welfare Consortium, Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université de Paris (UP), and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)-Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)
Subjects: Central Nervous System, Male, Physiology, Emotions, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Social Sciences, Adolescents, Nervous System, Hippocampus, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Families, Habits, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Learning and Memory, 3123 Gynaecology and paediatrics, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, Gray Matter, Prefrontal cortex, Children, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Brain, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Amygdala, medicine.anatomical_structure, Memory, Short-Term, Medicine, Female, medicine.symptom, Anatomy, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology, Research Article, Adolescent, 515 Psychology, Cognitive Neuroscience, Science, Population, education, Prefrontal Cortex, Grey matter, Impulsivity, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, Memory, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Working Memory, Behavior, Working memory, Biology and Life Sciences, Age Groups, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, People and Places, Impulsive Behavior, Cognitive Science, Population Groupings, Physiological Processes, Sleep, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Changing sleep rhythms in adolescents often lead to sleep deficits and a delay in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends. The adolescent brain, and in particular the rapidly developing structures involved in emotional control, are vulnerable to external and internal factors. In our previous study in adolescents at age 14, we observed a strong relationship between weekend sleep schedules and regional medial prefrontal cortex grey matter volumes. Here, we aimed to assess whether this relationship remained in this group of adolescents of the general population at the age of 16 (n = 101; mean age 16.8 years; 55% girls). We further examined grey matter volumes in the hippocampi and the amygdalae, calculated with voxel-based morphometry. In addition, we investigated the relationships between sleep habits, assessed with self-reports, and regional grey matter volumes, and psychological functioning, assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and tests on working memory and impulsivity. Later weekend wake-up times were associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdalae, and greater weekend delays in wake-up time were associated with smaller grey matter volumes in the right hippocampus and amygdala. The medial prefrontal cortex region mediated the correlation between weekend wake up time and externalising symptoms. Paying attention to regular sleep habits during adolescence could act as a protective factor against the emergence of psychopathology via enabling favourable brain development. publishedVersion
Published: 2021

216. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and its association with subcortical volumes: findings from the ENIGMA Epigenetics Working Group

Author: Onderzoeksgroep 1, Brain, Onderzoek, Hersenen-Bedrijfsvoering, Jia, Tianye, Chu, Congying, Liu, Yun, van Dongen, Jenny, Papastergios, Evangelos, Armstrong, Nicola J, Bastin, Mark E, Carrillo-Roa, Tania, den Braber, Anouk, Harris, Mathew, Jansen, Rick, Liu, Jingyu, Luciano, Michelle, Ori, Anil P S, Roiz Santiañez, Roberto, Ruggeri, Barbara, Sarkisyan, Daniil, Shin, Jean, Sungeun, Kim, Tordesillas Gutiérrez, Diana, Van't Ent, Dennis, Ames, David, Artiges, Eric, Bakalkin, Georgy, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L W, Brodaty, Henry, Bromberg, Uli, Brouwer, Rachel, Büchel, Christian, Burke Quinlan, Erin, Cahn, Wiepke, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekström, Tomas J, Flor, Herta, Fröhner, Juliane H, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Hoare, Jacqueline, Ittermann, Bernd, Jahanshad, Neda, Jiang, Jiyang, Kwok, John B, Martin, Nicholas G, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Mather, Karen A, McMahon, Katie L, McRae, Allan F, Nees, Frauke, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Sämann, Philipp G, Schofield, Peter R, Smolka, Michael N, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Teeuw, Jalmar, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Trollor, Julian, Walter, Henrik, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Wen, Wei, Whelan, Robert, Apostolova, Liana G, Binder, Elisabeth B, Boomsma, Dorret I, Calhoun, Vince, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Deary, Ian J, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke, Ophoff, Roel A, Pausova, Zdenka, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saykin, Andrew, Wright, Margaret J, Thompson, Paul M, Schumann, Gunter, Desrivières, Sylvane, Onderzoeksgroep 1, Brain, Onderzoek, Hersenen-Bedrijfsvoering, Jia, Tianye, Chu, Congying, Liu, Yun, van Dongen, Jenny, Papastergios, Evangelos, Armstrong, Nicola J, Bastin, Mark E, Carrillo-Roa, Tania, den Braber, Anouk, Harris, Mathew, Jansen, Rick, Liu, Jingyu, Luciano, Michelle, Ori, Anil P S, Roiz Santiañez, Roberto, Ruggeri, Barbara, Sarkisyan, Daniil, Shin, Jean, Sungeun, Kim, Tordesillas Gutiérrez, Diana, Van't Ent, Dennis, Ames, David, Artiges, Eric, Bakalkin, Georgy, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L W, Brodaty, Henry, Bromberg, Uli, Brouwer, Rachel, Büchel, Christian, Burke Quinlan, Erin, Cahn, Wiepke, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ekström, Tomas J, Flor, Herta, Fröhner, Juliane H, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Hoare, Jacqueline, Ittermann, Bernd, Jahanshad, Neda, Jiang, Jiyang, Kwok, John B, Martin, Nicholas G, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Mather, Karen A, McMahon, Katie L, McRae, Allan F, Nees, Frauke, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Sämann, Philipp G, Schofield, Peter R, Smolka, Michael N, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Teeuw, Jalmar, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Trollor, Julian, Walter, Henrik, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Wen, Wei, Whelan, Robert, Apostolova, Liana G, Binder, Elisabeth B, Boomsma, Dorret I, Calhoun, Vince, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Deary, Ian J, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke, Ophoff, Roel A, Pausova, Zdenka, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saykin, Andrew, Wright, Margaret J, Thompson, Paul M, Schumann, Gunter, and Desrivières, Sylvane
Published: 2021

217. Use of an Immediate Swallow Protocol to Assess Taste and Aroma Integration in fMRI Studies

Author: Eldeghaidy, Sally, Marciani, Luca, Pfeiffer, Johann C., Hort, Joanne, Head, Kay, Taylor, Andrew J., Spiller, Robin C., Gowland, Penny A., and Francis, Susan
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

218. The Effects of Morphine–Neostigmine and Secretin Provocation on Pancreaticobiliary Morphology in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-blind Crossover Study Using Serial MRCP

Author: Chowdhury, Abeed H., Humes, David J., Pritchard, Susan E., Marciani, Luca, Gowland, Penny A., Simpson, John, and Lobo, Dileep N.
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

219. Structural properties of the corticospinal tract in the human brain: a magnetic resonance imaging study at 7 Tesla

Author: Hervé, Pierre-Yves, Cox, Eleanor F., Lotfipour, Ashley K., Mougin, Olivier E., Bowtell, Richard W., Gowland, Penny A., and Paus, Tomas
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

220. Treat Patients With Kindness During Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author: Duncan, Keith, Baker, Philip N., Johnson, Ian R., and Gowland, Penny
Published: 1996

221. Global intravascular and local hyperoxia contrast phase-based blood oxygenation measurements

Author: Driver, Ian D., Wharton, Samuel J., Croal, Paula L., Bowtell, Richard, Francis, Susan T., and Gowland, Penny A.
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

222. Regional structural differences across functionally parcellated Brodmann areas of human primary somatosensory cortex

Author: Sánchez-Panchuelo, Rosa-María, Besle, Julien, Mougin, Olivier, Gowland, Penny, Bowtell, Richard, Schluppeck, Denis, and Francis, Susan
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

223. Colonic Volume Changes in Paediatric Constipation Compared to Normal Values Measured Using MRI

Author: Sharif, Hayfa, primary, Hoad, Caroline L., additional, Abrehart, Nichola, additional, Gowland, Penny A., additional, Spiller, Robin C., additional, Kirkham, Sian, additional, Loganathan, Sabarinathan, additional, Papadopoulos, Michalis, additional, Benninga, Marc A., additional, Devadason, David, additional, and Marciani, Luca, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

224. The bidirectional causal effects of brain morphology across the life course and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-cohort comparison and Mendelian randomization meta-analysis

Author: Korologou-Linden, Roxanna, primary, Xu, Bing, additional, Coulthard, Elizabeth, additional, Walton, Esther, additional, Wearn, Alfie, additional, Hemani, Gibran, additional, White, Tonya, additional, Cecil, Charlotte, additional, Sharp, Tamsin, additional, Tiemeier, Henning, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Bokde, Arun L.W., additional, Quinlan, Erin Burke, additional, Desrivières, Sylvane, additional, Flor, Herta, additional, Grigis, Antoine, additional, Garavan, Hugh, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Brühl, Rüdiger, additional, Martinot, Jean-Luc, additional, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, additional, Artiges, Eric, additional, Nees, Frauke, additional, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, additional, Paus, Tomáš, additional, Poustka, Luise, additional, Millenet, Sabina, additional, Fröhner, Juliane H., additional, Smolka, M, additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Whelan, Robert, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, Howe, Laura D, additional, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, additional, Davies, Neil M, additional, and Anderson, Emma L, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

225. Structural differences in adolescent brainscan predict alcohol misuse.

Author: Prakash Rane, Roshan, de Man, Evert Ferdinand, Kim, JiHoon, Görgen, Kai, Tschorn, Mira, Rapp, Michael A., Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun LW, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny A., Brühl, Rüdiger, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillere Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, and Lemaitre, Herve
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

226. Satellite Imaging of Global Urbanicity relates to Brain and Behavior in Young People

Author: Schumann, Gunter, primary, XU, JIAYUAN, additional, Liu, Xiaoxuan, additional, Ing, Alex, additional, LI, QIAOJUN, additional, Qin, Wen, additional, Guo, Lining, additional, Huang, Conghong, additional, Chen, Jingliang, additional, Wang, Meiyun, additional, Geng, Zuojun, additional, Zhu, Wenzhen, additional, Zhang, Bing, additional, Liao, Weihua, additional, Qiu, Shijun, additional, Zhang, Hui, additional, Xu, Xiaojun, additional, Yu, Yongqiang, additional, Gao, Bo, additional, Han, Tong, additional, Cui, Guang-Bin, additional, Chen, Feng, additional, Xian, Junfang, additional, Li, Jiance, additional, Zhang, Jing, additional, Zuo, Xi-Nian, additional, Wang, Dawei, additional, Shen, Wen, additional, Miao, Yanwei, additional, Yuan, Fei, additional, Lui, Su, additional, Zhang, Xiaochu, additional, Xu, Kai, additional, Zhang, Long Jiang, additional, Ye, Zhaoxiang, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Barker, Gareth, additional, Bokde, Arun, additional, Quinlan, Erin, additional, Flor, Herta, additional, Grigis, Antoine, additional, Garavan, Hugh, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Brühl, Rüdiger, additional, Martinot, Jean-Luc, additional, Artiges, Eric, additional, Nees, Frauke, additional, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, additional, Lemaitre, Herve, additional, Paus, Tomas, additional, Poustka, Luise, additional, Hohmann, Sarah, additional, Fröhner, Juliane, additional, Smolka, Michael, additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Whelan, Robert, additional, Goldblatt, Ran, additional, Patrick, Kevin, additional, Calhoun, Vince, additional, Lijun, Mulin, additional, Liang, Meng, additional, Gong, Peng, additional, Barker, Edward, additional, Clinton, Nicholas, additional, Yu, Le, additional, Yu, Chunshui, additional, Luo, Qiang, additional, Liu, Huaigui, additional, Chu, Congying, additional, Liu, Feng, additional, Consortium, IMAGEN, additional, and Consortium, CHIMGEN, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

227. High resolution SE-fMRI in humans at 3 and 7 T using a motor task

Author: Schäfer, Andreas, van der Zwaag, Wietske, Francis, Susan T., Head, Kay E., Gowland, Penny A., and Bowtell, Richard W.
Published: 2008
Full Text: View/download PDF

228. Calibration‐free regional RF shims for MRS

Author: Berrington, Adam, primary, Považan, Michal, additional, Mirfin, Christopher, additional, Bawden, Stephen, additional, Park, Young Woo, additional, Marsh, Daniel C., additional, Bowtell, Richard, additional, and Gowland, Penny A., additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

229. Do You See What I See? Sex Differences in the Discrimination of Facial Emotions During Adolescence

Author: Lee, Nikki C., Krabbendam, Lydia, White, Thomas P., Meeter, Martijn, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Büchel, Christian, Conrod, Patricia, Flor, Herta, Frouin, Vincent, Heinz, Andreas, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Ittermann, Bernd, Mann, Karl, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Nees, Frauke, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Rietschel, Marcella, Robbins, Trevor, Fauth-Bühler, Mira, Smolka, Michael N., Gallinat, Juergen, Schumann, Gunther, and Shergill, Sukhi S.
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

230. Feasibility Study of a New MRI Mini-Capsule Device to Measure Whole Gut Transit Time in Pediatric Constipation

Author: Sharif, Hayfa, Abrehart, Nichola, Hoad, Caroline, Murray, Kathryn, Perkins, Alan, Smith, Murray, Gowland, Penny, Spiller, Robin, Harris, Roy, Kirkham, Sian, Loganathan, Sabarinathan, Papadopoulos, Michalis, Frost, Kate, Young Persons Advisory Group, YPAG, Devadason, David, and Marciani, Luca
Subjects: B800 Medical Technology
Abstract: Objective: In England, 27,500 children are referred annually to hospital with constipation. An objective measure of whole gut transit time (WGTT) could aid management. The current standard WGTT assessment, the X-ray radiopaque marker (ROM) test, gives poor definition of colonic anatomy and the radiation dose required is undesirable in children. Our objective was to develop an alternative MRI WGTT measure to the X-ray ROM test and to demonstrate its initial feasibility in pediatric constipation. Methods: With the Nottingham Young Person’s Advisory Group (YPAG) we developed a small (8mm×4mm), inert polypropylene capsule shell filled with MRI-visible fat emulsion. The capsule can be imaged using MRI fat and water in-phase and out of phase imaging. Sixteen patients with constipation and 19 healthy participants aged 7-18 years old were recruited. Following a common ROM protocol, the participants swallowed 24 mini-capsules each day for 3 days and were imaged on day 4 and 7 using MRI. The number of successful studies (feasibility) and WGTT were assessed. Participants’ EQ-VAS were also collected and compared between the day before the taking the first set of mini-capsules to the day after the last MRI study day. Results: The mini-capsules were imaged successfully in the colon of all participants. The WGTT was 78±35 hours (mean±SD) for patients, and 36±16 hours, P < 0.0001 for healthy controls. Carrying out the procedures did not change the EQ-VAS scores before and after the procedures. Conclusions: MAGIC (Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pediatric Constipation) was a first-in-child feasibility study of a new medical device to measure WGTT in pediatric constipation using MRI. The study showed that the new method is feasible and was well tolerated.
Published: 2020

231. Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor

Author: Kaminski, Jakob A., Schlagenhauf, Florian (Prof. Dr. med.), Rapp, Michael (Prof. Dr. Dr.), Awasthi, Swapnil, Ruggeri, Barbara, Deserno, Lorenz, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L. W., Bromberg, Uli (Dr.rer.biol.hum), Büchel, Christian, Quinlan, Erin Burke (Dr.), Desrivieres, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Gowland, Penny, Ittermann, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomas, Poustka, Luise (Prof. Dr.), Smolka, Michael N. (Prof. Dr. med.), Fröhner, Juliane H., Walter, Henrik (Prof. Dr. med.), Whelan, Robert, Ripke, Stephan, Schumann, Gunter, Heinz, Andreas (Prof. Dr. med.), and the IMAGEN consortium
Subjects: Institut für Mathematik, ddc:610, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät
Abstract: Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure.
Published: 2020

232. Examination of the neural basis of psychotic-like experiences in adolescenceduring processing of emotional faces

Author: Papanastasiou, Evangelos, Mouchlianitis, Elias, Joyce, Daniel, McGuire, Philip, Boussebaa, Celia, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bokde, Arun L.W., Büchel, Christian, Quinlan, Erin, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Spechler , Philip, Gowland, Penny, Heinz, Andreas, Ittermann, Bernd, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Nees, Frauke, Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Millenet, Sabina, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Schumann, Gunter, and Shergill, Sukhi
Subjects: nervous system, behavioral disciplines and activities, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract: Contemporary theories propose that dysregulation of emotional perception is involved in the aetiology of psychosis. 298 healthy adolescents were assessed at age 14- and 19-years using fMRI while performing a facial emotion task. Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were assessed with the CAPE-42 questionnaire at age 19. The high PLEs group at age 19 years exhibited an enhanced response in right insular cortex and decreased response in right prefrontal, right parahippocampal and left striatal regions; also, a gradient of decreasing response to emotional faces with age, from 14 to 19 years, in the right parahippocampal region and left insular cortical area. The right insula demonstrated an increasing response to emotional faces with increasing age in the low PLEs group, and a decreasing response over time in the high PLEs group. The change in parahippocampal / amygdala and insula responses during the perception of emotional faces in adolescents with high PLEs between the ages of 14 and 19 suggests a potential ‘aberrant’ neurodevelopmental trajectory for critical limbic areas. Our findings emphasize the role of the frontal and limbic areas in the aetiology of psychotic symptoms, in subjects without the illness phenotype and the confounds introduced by antipsychotic medication.
Published: 2020

233. Genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of cortical structure in general population samples of 22,824 adults

Author: Hofer, Edith, Roshchupkin, Gennady V, Bernard, Manon, Grasby, Katrina L, Jahanshad, Neda, Painter, Jodie N, Colodro-Conde, Lucía, Bralten, Janita, Hibar, Derrek P, Lind, Penelope A, Pizzagalli, Fabrizio, Ching, Christopher R K, McMahon, Mary Agnes B, Bis, Joshua C, Shatokhina, Natalia, Zsembik, Leo C P, Agartz, Ingrid, Alhusaini, Saud, Almeida, Marcio A A, Alnæs, Dag, Amlien, Inge K, Andersson, Micael, Ard, Tyler, Armstrong, Nicola J, Gillespie, Nathan A, Ashley-Koch, Allison, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buimer, Elizabeth E L, Bülow, Robin, Bürger, Christian, Cannon, Dara M, Chakravarty, Mallar, Chen, Qiang, Cheung, Joshua W, Luciano, Michelle, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Dale, Anders M, Dalvie, Shareefa, de Araujo, Tânia K, de Zubicaray, Greig I, de Zwarte, Sonja M C, den Braber, Anouk, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dohm, Katharina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Mishra, Aniket, Engelbrecht, Hannah-Ruth, Erk, Susanne, Fan, Chun Chieh, Fedko, Iryna O, Foley, Sonya F, Ford, Judith M, Fukunaga, Masaki, Garrett, Melanie E, Ge, Tian, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Scholz, Markus, Goldman, Aaron L, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gurholt, Tiril P, Gutman, Boris A, Hansell, Narelle K, Harris, Mathew A, Harrison, Marc B, Haswell, Courtney C, Hauser, Michael, Teumer, Alexander, Herms, Stefan, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Ho, New Fei, Hoehn, David, Hoffmann, Per, Holleran, Laurena, Hoogman, Martine, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Ikeda, Masashi, Janowitz, Deborah, Xia, Rui, Jansen, Iris E, Jia, Tianye, Jockwitz, Christiane, Kanai, Ryota, Karama, Sherif, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kaufmann, Tobias, Kelly, Sinead, Kikuchi, Masataka, Klein, Marieke, Jian, Xueqiu, Knapp, Michael, Knodt, Annchen R, Krämer, Bernd, Lam, Max, Lancaster, Thomas M, Lee, Phil H, Lett, Tristram A, Lewis, Lindsay B, Lopes-Cendes, Iscia, Mosley, Thomas H, Macciardi, Fabio, Marquand, Andre F, Mathias, Samuel R, Melzer, Tracy R, Milaneschi, Yuri, Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin, Moreira, Jose C V, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Müller-Myhsok, Bertram, Najt, Pablo, Adams, Hieab H H, Saba, Yasaman, Nakahara, Soichiro, Nho, Kwangsik, Olde Loohuis, Loes M, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Pearson, John F, Pitcher, Toni L, Pütz, Benno, Ragothaman, Anjanibhargavi, Rashid, Faisal M, Redlich, Ronny, Pirpamer, Lukas, Reinbold, Céline S, Repple, Jonathan, Richard, Geneviève, Riedel, Brandalyn C, Risacher, Shannon L, Rocha, Cristiane S, Mota, Nina Roth, Salminen, Lauren, Saremi, Arvin, Saykin, Andrew J, Seiler, Stephan, Schlag, Fenja, Schmaal, Lianne, Schofield, Peter R, Secolin, Rodrigo, Shapland, Chin Yang, Shen, Li, Shin, Jean, Shumskaya, Elena, Sønderby, Ida E, Sprooten, Emma, Becker, James T, Strike, Lachlan T, Tansey, Katherine E, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Turner, Jessica A, Uhlmann, Anne, Vallerga, Costanza Ludovica, van der Meer, Dennis, Carmichael, Owen, van Donkelaar, Marjolein M J, van Eijk, Liza, van Erp, Theo G M, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van Rooij, Daan, van Tol, Marie-José, Veldink, Jan H, Verhoef, Ellen, Walton, Esther, Wang, Mingyuan, Rotter, Jerome I, Wang, Yunpeng, Wardlaw, Joanna M, Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T, Whelan, Christopher D, Witt, Stephanie H, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Christiane, Wolfers, Thomas, Yasuda, Clarissa L, Psaty, Bruce M, Zaremba, Dario, Zhang, Zuo, Zhu, Alyssa H, Zwiers, Marcel P, Artiges, Eric, Assareh, Amelia A, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Belger, Aysenil, Brandt, Christine L, Brown, Gregory G, Lopez, Oscar L, Cichon, Sven, Curran, Joanne E, Davies, Gareth E, Degenhardt, Franziska, Dietsche, Bruno, Djurovic, Srdjan, Doherty, Colin P, Espiritu, Ryan, Garijo, Daniel, Gil, Yolanda, Amin, Najaf, Gowland, Penny A, Green, Robert C, Häusler, Alexander N, Heindel, Walter, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoffmann, Wolfgang U, Holsboer, Florian, Homuth, Georg, Hosten, Norbert, Jack, Clifford R, van der Lee, Sven J, Jang, MiHyun, Jansen, Andreas, Kolskår, Knut, Koops, Sanne, Krug, Axel, Lim, Kelvin O, Luykx, Jurjen J, Mathalon, Daniel H, Mather, Karen A, Mattay, Venkata S, Knol, Maria J, Yang, Qiong, Matthews, Sarah, Son, Jaqueline Mayoral Van, McEwen, Sarah C, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek W, Mueller, Bryon A, Nauck, Matthias, Nordvik, Jan E, Nöthen, Markus M, O'Leary, Daniel S, Himali, Jayandra J, Opel, Nils, Martinot, Marie -Laure Paillère, Pike, G Bruce, Preda, Adrian, Quinlan, Erin B, Ratnakar, Varun, Reppermund, Simone, Steen, Vidar M, Torres, Fábio R, Veltman, Dick J, Maillard, Pauline, Voyvodic, James T, Whelan, Robert, White, Tonya, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Alvim, Marina K M, Ames, David, Anderson, Tim J, Andreassen, Ole A, Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro, Bastin, Mark E, Beiser, Alexa S, Baune, Bernhard T, Blangero, John, Boomsma, Dorret I, Brodaty, Henry, Brunner, Han G, Buckner, Randy L, Buitelaar, Jan K, Bustillo, Juan R, Cahn, Wiepke, Calhoun, Vince, DeCarli, Charles, Caseras, Xavier, Caspers, Svenja, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L, Cendes, Fernando, Corvin, Aiden, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dalrymple-Alford, John C, Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, Eco J C, Deary, Ian J, Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Desrivières, Sylvane, Donohoe, Gary, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E, Flor, Herta, Forstner, Andreas J, Francks, Clyde, Lewis, Lindsay, Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C, Gollub, Randy L, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Håberg, Asta K, Hariri, Ahmad R, Hartman, Catharina A, Hashimoto, Ryota, Heinz, Andreas, Harris, Mat, Hillegers, Manon H J, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Holmes, Avram J, Hong, L Elliot, Hopkins, William D, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Jernigan, Terry L, Jönsson, Erik G, Kahn, René S, Kennedy, Martin A, Kircher, Tilo T J, Kochunov, Peter, Kwok, John B J, Hellard, Stephanie Le, Martin, Nicholas G, Martinot, Jean -Luc, McDonald, Colm, McMahon, Katie L, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Morey, Rajendra A, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A, Paus, Tomáš, Pausova, Zdenka, Penninx, Brenda W J H, Polderman, Tinca J C, Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Roffman, Joshua L, Lin, Honghuang, Veronica Witte, A., Rowland, Laura M, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sämann, Philipp G, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Pourcain, Beate St, Stein, Dan J, Beyer, Frauke, Toga, Arthur W, Trollor, Julian N, Van der Wee, Nic J A, van 't Ent, Dennis, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Weber, Bernd, Weinberger, Daniel R, Wright, Margaret J, Zhou, Juan, Loeffler, Markus, Stein, Jason L, Thompson, Paul M, Medland, Sarah E, Kwok, John B, Trollor, Julian, Li, Shuo, Jiang, Jiyang, Vernooij, Meike W, Hofman, Albert, Uitterlinden, André G, Niessen, Wiro J, Völker, Uwe, Zare, Habil, Bruce Pike, G., Maingault, Sophie, Crivello, Fabrice, Tzourio, Christophe, Amouyel, Philippe, Mazoyer, Bernard, Neale, Michael C, Franz, Carol E, Lyons, Michael J, Ahmad, Shahzad, Panizzon, Matthew S, Logue, Mark, consortium, ENIGMA, Kremen, William S, Villringer, Arno, Satizabal, Claudia L, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Grabe, Hans, Longstreth, William T, Fornage, Myriam, Paus, Tomas, Debette, Stephanie, Ikram, M Arfan, Schmidt, Helena, Schmidt, Reinhold, Seshadri, Sudha, University of Graz, Medical University Graz, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), School of Public Health [Boston], University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Murdoch University, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), University of Washington [Seattle], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University (LSU), Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences [Leipzig] (IMPNSC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), The University of Sydney, University of Queensland [Brisbane], The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), University of Toronto, University of Calgary, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], VA Boston Healthcare System, University of Southern California (USC), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Radboud university [Nijmegen], Janssen Research & Development, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Prince of Wales Hospital, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Oxford [Oxford], Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital [Toronto, ON, Canada], Epidemiology, Medical Informatics, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neurology, Complex Trait Genetics, Biological Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, IBBA, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, APH - Mental Health, APH - Methodology, Clinical Neuropsychology, Clinical Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Movement Disorder (MD), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), General Paediatrics, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universität Leipzig, University of California (UC), Radboud University [Nijmegen], University of Oxford, Psychiatry, Anatomy and neurosciences, Pediatric surgery, Human genetics, APH - Digital Health, and Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Genetics of the nervous system, Aging, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, Disease, VARIANTS, genetics [Mental Disorders], Genome-wide association studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, PARKINSONS-DISEASE, SCHIZOPHRENIA, 80 and over, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, lcsh:Science, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, ENIGMA consortium, Mental Disorders, Brain, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Genomics, Single Nucleotide, Middle Aged, Biobank, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, Phenotype, VINTAGE, Neurology, Chromosome Structures, Schizophrenia, genetics [Aging], Neurological, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, ddc:500, Biotechnology, Adult, Science, geentics of the nervous system, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Population, SURFACE-AREA, ORGANIZATION, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Underpinning research, THICKNESS, medicine, Genetics, Humans, Polymorphism, education, HEALTHY, METAANALYSIS, Aged, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetic heterogeneity, neurology, Human Genome, Neurosciences, General Chemistry, Heritability, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, INDIVIDUALS, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Evolutionary biology, genetics [Neurodegenerative Diseases], VOLUME, genome-wide association studies, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Cortical thickness, surface area and volumes vary with age and cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here we report heritability, genetic correlations and genome-wide associations of these cortical measures across the whole cortex, and in 34 anatomically predefined regions. Our discovery sample comprises 22,824 individuals from 20 cohorts within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank. We identify genetic heterogeneity between cortical measures and brain regions, and 160 genome-wide significant associations pointing to wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and sonic hedgehog pathways. There is enrichment for genes involved in anthropometric traits, hindbrain development, vascular and neurodegenerative disease and psychiatric conditions. These data are a rich resource for studies of the biological mechanisms behind cortical development and aging., Cortex morphology varies with age, cognitive function, and in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Here the authors report 160 genome-wide significant associations with thickness, surface area and volume of the total cortex and 34 cortical regions from a GWAS meta-analysis in 22,824 adults.
Published: 2020

234. The IMAGEN study: a decade of imaging genetics in adolescents

Author: Mascarell Maričić, Lea, Walter, Henrik, Rosenthal, Annika, Ripke, Stephan, Quinlan, Erin Burke, Banaschewski, Tobias, Barker, Gareth J., Bokde, Arun L. W., Bromberg, Uli, Büchel, Christian, Desrivières, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Frouin, Vincent, Garavan, Hugh, Itterman, Bernd, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, Nees, Frauke, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Smolka, Michael N., Fröhner, Juliane H., Whelan, Robert, Kaminski, Jakob, Schumann, Gunter, Heinz, Andreas, Albrecht, Lisa, Andrew, Chris, Arroyo, Mercedes, Artiges, Eric, Aydin, Semiha, Bach, Christine, Barbot, Alexis, Barker, Gareth, Boddaert, Nathalie, Bokde, Arun, Bricaud, Zuleima, Bruehl, Ruediger, Cachia, Arnaud, Cattrell, Anna, Conrod, Patricia, Constant, Patrick, Dalley, Jeffrey, Decideur, Benjamin, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Fadai, Tahmine, Gallinat, Jürgen, Briand, Fanny Gollier, Gowland, Penny, Heinrichs, Bert, Heym, Nadja, Hübner, Thomas, Ireland, James, Ittermann, Bernd, Jia, Tianye, Lathrop, Mark, Lanzerath, Dirk, Lawrence, Claire, Lemaitre, Hervé, Lüdemann, Katharina, Macare, Christine, Mallik, Catherine, Mangin, Jean-François, Mann, Karl, Mennigen, Eva, de Carvahlo, Fabiana Mesquita, Mignon, Xavier, Miranda, Ruben, Müller, Kathrin, Nymberg, Charlotte, Paillere, Marie-Laure, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Rapp, Michael, Robert, Gabriel, Reuter, Jan, Rietschel, Marcella, Robbins, Trevor, Rodehacke, Sarah, Rogers, John, Romanowski, Alexander, Ruggeri, Barbara, Schmäl, Christine, Schmidt, Dirk, Schneider, Sophia, Schumann, MarkGunter, Schubert, Florian, Schwartz, Yannick, Smolka, Michael, Sommer, Wolfgang, Spanagel, Rainer, Speiser, Claudia, Spranger, Tade, Stedman, Alicia, Steiner, Sabina, Stephens, Dai, Strache, Nicole, Ströhle, Andreas, Struve, Maren, Subramaniam, Naresh, Topper, Lauren, Williams, Steve, Yacubian, Juliana, Zilbovicius, Monica, Wong, C. Peng, Lubbe, Steven, Martinez-Medina, Lourdes, Fernandes, Alinda, and Tahmasebi, Amir
Subjects: Time Factors, Adolescent, Imaging genetics, Brain Structure and Function, Neuroimaging, Cohort Studies, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Reward, Genetics, Humans, Psychology, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Generalizability theory, Molecular Biology, Reproducibility of Results, Small sample, Anticipation, Psychiatry and Mental health, Sample size determination, Adolescent Behavior, Cohort, Brain size, Perspective, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Clinical psychology, Neuroscience
Abstract: Imaging genetics offers the possibility of detecting associations between genotype and brain structure as well as function, with effect sizes potentially exceeding correlations between genotype and behavior. However, study results are often limited due to small sample sizes and methodological differences, thus reducing the reliability of findings. The IMAGEN cohort with 2000 young adolescents assessed from the age of 14 onwards tries to eliminate some of these limitations by offering a longitudinal approach and sufficient sample size for analyzing gene-environment interactions on brain structure and function. Here, we give a systematic review of IMAGEN publications since the start of the consortium. We then focus on the specific phenotype ‘drug use’ to illustrate the potential of the IMAGEN approach. We describe findings with respect to frontocortical, limbic and striatal brain volume, functional activation elicited by reward anticipation, behavioral inhibition, and affective faces, and their respective associations with drug intake. In addition to describing its strengths, we also discuss limitations of the IMAGEN study. Because of the longitudinal design and related attrition, analyses are underpowered for (epi-) genome-wide approaches due to the limited sample size. Estimating the generalizability of results requires replications in independent samples. However, such densely phenotyped longitudinal studies are still rare and alternative internal cross-validation methods (e.g., leave-one out, split-half) are also warranted. In conclusion, the IMAGEN cohort is a unique, very well characterized longitudinal sample, which helped to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms involved in complex behavior and offers the possibility to further disentangle genotype × phenotype interactions.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

235. Gastrointestinal peptides and small bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn’s disease

Author: Khalaf, Asseel, Hoad, Caroline L., Menys, Alex, Nowak, Adam, Radford, Shellie, Taylor, Stuart A., Latief, Khalid, Lingaya, Melanie, Falcone, Yirga, Singh, Gulzar, Spiller, Robin C., Gowland, Penny A., Marciani, Luca, and Moran, Gordon W.
Subjects: Crohn’s disease, Gastrointestinal motility, anorexia, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, gut peptides
Abstract: BackgroundCrohn's disease (CD) patients suffer postprandial aversive symptoms, which can lead to anorexia and malnutrition. Changes in the regulation of gut hormones and gut dysmotility are believed to play a role.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate small-bowel motility and gut peptide responses to a standard test meal in CD by using MRI.MethodsWe studied 15 CD patients with active disease (age 36 ± 3 y; BMI 26 ± 1 kg/m 2) and 20 healthy volunteers (HVs; age 31 ± 3 years; BMI 24 ± 1 kg/m 2). They underwent baseline and postprandial MRI scans, symptom questionnaires, and blood sampling following a 400-g soup meal (204 kcal). Small-bowel motility, other MRI parameters, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), polypeptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin peptides were measured. Data are presented as means ± SEMs.ResultsHVs had significantly higher fasting motility indexes [106 ± 13 arbitrary units (a.u.)], compared with CD participants (70 ± 8 a.u.; P ≤ 0.05). Postprandial small-bowel water content showed a significant time by group interaction (P < 0.05), with CD participants showing higher levels from 210 min postprandially. Fasting concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY were significantly greater in CD participants, compared with HVs [GLP-1, CD 50 ± 8 µg/mL versus HV 13 ± 3 µg/mL (P ≤ 0.0001); PYY, CD 236 ± 16 pg/mL versus HV 118 ± 12 pg/mL (P ≤ 0.0001)]. The meal challenge induced a significant postprandial increase in aversive symptom scores (fullness, distention, bloating, abdominal pain, and sickness) in CD participants compared with HVs (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsThe decrease in fasting small-bowel motility noted in CD participants can be ascribed to the increased fasting gut peptides. A better understanding of the etiology of aversive symptoms in CD will facilitate identification of better therapeutic targets to improve nutritional status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03052465.
Published: 2020

236. Enhancement of intragastric acid stability of a fat emulsion meal delays gastric emptying and increases cholecystokinin release and gallbladder contraction

Author: Marciani, Luca, Wickham, Martin, Singh, Gulzar, Bush, Debbie, Pick, Barbara, Cox, Eleanor, Fillery-Travis, Annette, Faulks, Richard, Marsden, Charles, Gowland, Penny A., and Spiller, Robin C.
Subjects: Cholecystokinin -- Research, Gallbladder -- Research, Gallbladder -- Physiological aspects, Gastric acid -- Research, Lipids -- Research, Magnetic resonance imaging -- Usage, Biological sciences
Abstract: Preprocessed fatty foods often contain calories added as a fat emulsion stabilized by emulsifiers. Emulsion stability in the acidic gastric environment can readily be manipulated by altering emulsifier chemistry. We tested the hypothesis that it would be possible to control gastric emptying, CCK release, and satiety by varying intragastric fat emulsion stability. Nine healthy volunteers received a test meal on two occasions, comprising a 500-ml 15% oil emulsion with 2.5% of one of two emulsifiers that produced emulsions that were either stable (meal A) or unstable (meal B) in the acid gastric environment. Gastric emptying and gallbladder volume changes were assessed by MRI. CCK plasma levels were measured and satiety scores were recorded. Meal B layered rapidly owing to fat emulsion breakdown. The gastric half-emptying time of the aqueous phase was faster for meal B (72 [+ or -] 13 min) than for meal A (171 [+ or -] 35 min, P < 0.008). Meal A released more CCK than meal B (integrated areas, respectively 1,095 [+ or -] 244 and 531 [+ or -] 111 pmol x min x [l.sup.-1], P < 0.02), induced a greater gallbladder contraction (P < 0.02), and decreased postprandial appetite (P < 0.05), although no significant differences were observed in fullness and hunger. We conclude that acid-stable emulsions delayed gastric emptying and increased post-prandial CCK levels and gallbladder contraction, whereas acid-instability led to rapid layering of fat in the gastric lumen with accelerated gastric emptying, lower CCK levels, and reduced gallbladder contraction. Manipulation of the acid stability of fat emulsion added to preprocessed foods could maximize satiety signaling and, in turn, help to reduce overconsumption of calories. gastric emptying; lipid; magnetic resonance imaging doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00452.2006
Published: 2007

237. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

Author: Grasby, Katrina L., Jahanshad, Neda, Painter, Jodie N., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Bralten, Janita, Hibar, Derrek P., Lind, Penelope A., Pizzagalli, Fabrizio, Ching, Christopher R. K., McMahon, Mary Agnes B., Shatokhina, Natalia, Zsembik, Leo C. P., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Zhu, Alyssa H., Strike, Lachlan T., Agartz, Ingrid, Alhusaini, Saud, Almeida, Marcio A. A., Alnaes, Dag, Amlien, Inge K., Andersson, Micael, Ard, Tyler, Armstrong, Nicola J., Ashley-Koch, Allison, Atkins, Joshua R., Bernard, Manon, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., Bulow, Robin, Burger, Christian, Cannon, Dara M., Chakravarty, Mallar, Chen, Qiang, Cheung, Joshua W., Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Dale, Anders M., Dalvie, Shareefa, de Araujo, Tania K., de Zubicaray, Greig I., de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., den Braber, Anouk, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dohm, Katharina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Engelbrecht, Hannah-Ruth, Erk, Susanne, Fan, Chun Chieh, Fedko, Iryna O., Foley, Sonya F., Ford, Judith M., Fukunaga, Masaki, Garrett, Melanie E., Ge, Tian, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Goldman, Aaron L., Green, Melissa J., Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gurholt, Tiril P., Gutman, Boris A., Hansell, Narelle K., Harris, Mathew A., Harrison, Marc B., Haswell, Courtney C., Hauser, Michael, Herms, Stefan, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Ho, New Fei, Hoehn, David, Hoffmann, Per, Holleran, Laurena, Hoogman, Martine, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Ikeda, Masashi, Janowitz, Deborah, Jansen, Iris E., Jia, Tianye, Jockwitz, Christiane, Kanai, Ryota, Karama, Sherif, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kaufmann, Tobias, Kelly, Sinead, Kikuchi, Masataka, Klein, Marieke, Knapp, Michael, Knodt, Annchen R., Kramer, Bernd, Lam, Max, Lancaster, Thomas M., Lee, Phil H., Lett, Tristram A., Lewis, Lindsay B., Lopes-Cendes, Iscia, Luciano, Michelle, Macciardi, Fabio, Marquand, Andre F., Mathias, Samuel R., Melzer, Tracy R., Milaneschi, Yuri, Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin, Moreira, Jose C. V., Muhleisen, Thomas W., Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram, Najt, Pablo, Nakahara, Soichiro, Nho, Kwangsik, Loohuis, Loes M. Olde, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Pearson, John F., Pitcher, Toni L., Putz, Benno, Quide, Yann, Ragothaman, Anjanibhargavi, Rashid, Faisal M., Reay, William R., Redlich, Ronny, Reinbold, Celine S., Repple, Jonathan, Richard, Genevieve, Riedel, Brandalyn C., Risacher, Shannon L., Rocha, Cristiane S., Mota, Nina R., Salminen, Lauren, Saremi, Arvin, Saykin, Andrew J., Schlag, Fenja, Schmaal, Lianne, Schofield, Peter R., Secolin, Rodrigo, Shapland, Chin Yang, Shen, Li, Shin, Jean, Shumskaya, Elena, Sonderby, Ida E., Sprooten, Emma, Tansey, Katherine E., Teumer, Alexander, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, Vallerga, Costanza L., van der Meer, Dennis, van Donkelaar, Marjolein M. J., van Eijk, Liza, van Erp, Theo G. M., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van Rooij, Daan, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Veldink, Jan H., Verhoef, Ellen, Walton, Esther, Wang, Mingyuan, Wang, Yunpeng, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T., Whelan, Christopher D., Witt, Stephanie H., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Christiane, Wolfers, Thomas, Wu, Jing Qin, Yasuda, Clarissa L., Zaremba, Dario, Zhang, Zuo, Zwiers, Marcel P., Artiges, Eric, Assareh, Amelia A., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Belger, Aysenil, Brandt, Christine L., Brown, Gregory G., Cichon, Sven, Curran, Joanne E., Davies, Gareth E., Degenhardt, Franziska, Dennis, Michelle F., Dietsche, Bruno, Djurovic, Srdjan, Doherty, Colin P., Espiritu, Ryan, Garijo, Daniel, Gil, Yolanda, Gowland, Penny A., Green, Robert C., Hausler, Alexander N., Heindel, Walter, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoffmann, Wolfgang U., Holsboer, Florian, Homuth, Georg, Hosten, Norbert, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Jang, MiHyun, Jansen, Andreas, Kimbrel, Nathan A., Kolskar, Knut, Koops, Sanne, Krug, Axel, Lim, Kelvin O., Luykx, Jurjen J., Mathalon, Daniel H., Mather, Karen A., Mattay, Venkata S., Matthews, Sarah, Van Son, Jaqueline Mayoral, McEwen, Sarah C., Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek W., Mueller, Bryon A., Nauck, Matthias, Nordvik, Jan E., Noethen, Markus M., O'Leary, Daniel S., Opel, Nils, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere, Pike, G. Bruce, Preda, Adrian, Quinlan, Erin B., Rasser, Paul E., Ratnakar, Varun, Reppermund, Simone, Steen, Vidar M., Tooney, Paul A., Torres, Fabio R., Veltman, Dick J., Voyvodic, James T., Whelan, Robert, White, Tonya, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Adams, Hieab H. H., Bis, Joshua C., Debette, Stephanie, Decarli, Charles, Fornage, Myriam, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hofer, Edith, Ikram, M. Arfan, Launer, Lenore, Longstreth, W. T., Lopez, Oscar L., Mazoyer, Bernard, Mosley, Thomas H., Roshchupkin, Gennady V., Satizabal, Claudia L., Schmidt, Reinhold, Seshadri, Sudha, Yang, Qiong, Alvim, Marina K. M., Ames, David, Anderson, Tim J., Andreassen, Ole A., Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro, Bastin, Mark E., Baune, Bernhard T., Beckham, Jean C., Blangero, John, Boomsma, Dorret I., Brodaty, Henry, Brunner, Han G., Buckner, Randy L., Buitelaar, Jan K., Bustillo, Juan R., Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray J., Calhoun, Vince, Carr, Vaughan J., Caseras, Xavier, Caspers, Svenja, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Cendes, Fernando, Corvin, Aiden, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dalrymple-Alford, John C., Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, Eco J. C., Deary, Ian J., Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Donohoe, Gary, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernandez, Guillen, Fisher, Simon E., Flor, Herta, Forstner, Andreas J., Francks, Clyde, Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gollub, Randy L., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Haberg, Asta K., Hariri, Ahmad R., Hartman, Catharina A., Hashimoto, Ryota, Heinz, Andreas, Henskens, Frans A., Hillegers, Manon H. J., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Holmes, Avram J., Hong, L. Elliot, Hopkins, William D., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Jernigan, Terry L., Jonsson, Erik G., Kahn, Rene S., Kennedy, Martin A., Kircher, Tilo T. J., Kochunov, Peter, Kwok, John B. J., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Loughland, Carmel M., Martin, Nicholas G., Martinot, Jean-Luc, McDonald, Colm, McMahon, Katie L., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michie, Patricia T., Morey, Rajendra A., Mowry, Bryan, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A., Pantelis, Christos, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Polderman, Tinca J. C., Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Roffman, Joshua L., Rowland, Laura M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Samann, Philipp G., Schall, Ulrich, Schumann, Gunter, Scott, Rodney J., Sim, Kang, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., St Pourcain, Beate, Stein, Dan J., Toga, Arthur W., Trollor, Julian N., Van der Wee, Nic J. A., van't Ent, Dennis, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Weber, Bernd, Weinberger, Daniel R., Wright, Margaret J., Zhou, Juan, Stein, Jason L., Thompson, Paul M., Medland, Sarah E., Grasby, Katrina L., Jahanshad, Neda, Painter, Jodie N., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Bralten, Janita, Hibar, Derrek P., Lind, Penelope A., Pizzagalli, Fabrizio, Ching, Christopher R. K., McMahon, Mary Agnes B., Shatokhina, Natalia, Zsembik, Leo C. P., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Zhu, Alyssa H., Strike, Lachlan T., Agartz, Ingrid, Alhusaini, Saud, Almeida, Marcio A. A., Alnaes, Dag, Amlien, Inge K., Andersson, Micael, Ard, Tyler, Armstrong, Nicola J., Ashley-Koch, Allison, Atkins, Joshua R., Bernard, Manon, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buimer, Elizabeth E. L., Bulow, Robin, Burger, Christian, Cannon, Dara M., Chakravarty, Mallar, Chen, Qiang, Cheung, Joshua W., Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Dale, Anders M., Dalvie, Shareefa, de Araujo, Tania K., de Zubicaray, Greig I., de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., den Braber, Anouk, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dohm, Katharina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Engelbrecht, Hannah-Ruth, Erk, Susanne, Fan, Chun Chieh, Fedko, Iryna O., Foley, Sonya F., Ford, Judith M., Fukunaga, Masaki, Garrett, Melanie E., Ge, Tian, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Goldman, Aaron L., Green, Melissa J., Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Gurholt, Tiril P., Gutman, Boris A., Hansell, Narelle K., Harris, Mathew A., Harrison, Marc B., Haswell, Courtney C., Hauser, Michael, Herms, Stefan, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Ho, New Fei, Hoehn, David, Hoffmann, Per, Holleran, Laurena, Hoogman, Martine, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Ikeda, Masashi, Janowitz, Deborah, Jansen, Iris E., Jia, Tianye, Jockwitz, Christiane, Kanai, Ryota, Karama, Sherif, Kasperaviciute, Dalia, Kaufmann, Tobias, Kelly, Sinead, Kikuchi, Masataka, Klein, Marieke, Knapp, Michael, Knodt, Annchen R., Kramer, Bernd, Lam, Max, Lancaster, Thomas M., Lee, Phil H., Lett, Tristram A., Lewis, Lindsay B., Lopes-Cendes, Iscia, Luciano, Michelle, Macciardi, Fabio, Marquand, Andre F., Mathias, Samuel R., Melzer, Tracy R., Milaneschi, Yuri, Mirza-Schreiber, Nazanin, Moreira, Jose C. V., Muhleisen, Thomas W., Mueller-Myhsok, Bertram, Najt, Pablo, Nakahara, Soichiro, Nho, Kwangsik, Loohuis, Loes M. Olde, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, Pearson, John F., Pitcher, Toni L., Putz, Benno, Quide, Yann, Ragothaman, Anjanibhargavi, Rashid, Faisal M., Reay, William R., Redlich, Ronny, Reinbold, Celine S., Repple, Jonathan, Richard, Genevieve, Riedel, Brandalyn C., Risacher, Shannon L., Rocha, Cristiane S., Mota, Nina R., Salminen, Lauren, Saremi, Arvin, Saykin, Andrew J., Schlag, Fenja, Schmaal, Lianne, Schofield, Peter R., Secolin, Rodrigo, Shapland, Chin Yang, Shen, Li, Shin, Jean, Shumskaya, Elena, Sonderby, Ida E., Sprooten, Emma, Tansey, Katherine E., Teumer, Alexander, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Turner, Jessica A., Uhlmann, Anne, Vallerga, Costanza L., van der Meer, Dennis, van Donkelaar, Marjolein M. J., van Eijk, Liza, van Erp, Theo G. M., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., van Rooij, Daan, van Tol, Marie-Jose, Veldink, Jan H., Verhoef, Ellen, Walton, Esther, Wang, Mingyuan, Wang, Yunpeng, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T., Whelan, Christopher D., Witt, Stephanie H., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Christiane, Wolfers, Thomas, Wu, Jing Qin, Yasuda, Clarissa L., Zaremba, Dario, Zhang, Zuo, Zwiers, Marcel P., Artiges, Eric, Assareh, Amelia A., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Belger, Aysenil, Brandt, Christine L., Brown, Gregory G., Cichon, Sven, Curran, Joanne E., Davies, Gareth E., Degenhardt, Franziska, Dennis, Michelle F., Dietsche, Bruno, Djurovic, Srdjan, Doherty, Colin P., Espiritu, Ryan, Garijo, Daniel, Gil, Yolanda, Gowland, Penny A., Green, Robert C., Hausler, Alexander N., Heindel, Walter, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoffmann, Wolfgang U., Holsboer, Florian, Homuth, Georg, Hosten, Norbert, Jack, Clifford R., Jr., Jang, MiHyun, Jansen, Andreas, Kimbrel, Nathan A., Kolskar, Knut, Koops, Sanne, Krug, Axel, Lim, Kelvin O., Luykx, Jurjen J., Mathalon, Daniel H., Mather, Karen A., Mattay, Venkata S., Matthews, Sarah, Van Son, Jaqueline Mayoral, McEwen, Sarah C., Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek W., Mueller, Bryon A., Nauck, Matthias, Nordvik, Jan E., Noethen, Markus M., O'Leary, Daniel S., Opel, Nils, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere, Pike, G. Bruce, Preda, Adrian, Quinlan, Erin B., Rasser, Paul E., Ratnakar, Varun, Reppermund, Simone, Steen, Vidar M., Tooney, Paul A., Torres, Fabio R., Veltman, Dick J., Voyvodic, James T., Whelan, Robert, White, Tonya, Yamamori, Hidenaga, Adams, Hieab H. H., Bis, Joshua C., Debette, Stephanie, Decarli, Charles, Fornage, Myriam, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hofer, Edith, Ikram, M. Arfan, Launer, Lenore, Longstreth, W. T., Lopez, Oscar L., Mazoyer, Bernard, Mosley, Thomas H., Roshchupkin, Gennady V., Satizabal, Claudia L., Schmidt, Reinhold, Seshadri, Sudha, Yang, Qiong, Alvim, Marina K. M., Ames, David, Anderson, Tim J., Andreassen, Ole A., Arias-Vasquez, Alejandro, Bastin, Mark E., Baune, Bernhard T., Beckham, Jean C., Blangero, John, Boomsma, Dorret I., Brodaty, Henry, Brunner, Han G., Buckner, Randy L., Buitelaar, Jan K., Bustillo, Juan R., Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray J., Calhoun, Vince, Carr, Vaughan J., Caseras, Xavier, Caspers, Svenja, Cavalleri, Gianpiero L., Cendes, Fernando, Corvin, Aiden, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dalrymple-Alford, John C., Dannlowski, Udo, de Geus, Eco J. C., Deary, Ian J., Delanty, Norman, Depondt, Chantal, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Donohoe, Gary, Espeseth, Thomas, Fernandez, Guillen, Fisher, Simon E., Flor, Herta, Forstner, Andreas J., Francks, Clyde, Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gollub, Randy L., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Haberg, Asta K., Hariri, Ahmad R., Hartman, Catharina A., Hashimoto, Ryota, Heinz, Andreas, Henskens, Frans A., Hillegers, Manon H. J., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Holmes, Avram J., Hong, L. Elliot, Hopkins, William D., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Jernigan, Terry L., Jonsson, Erik G., Kahn, Rene S., Kennedy, Martin A., Kircher, Tilo T. J., Kochunov, Peter, Kwok, John B. J., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Loughland, Carmel M., Martin, Nicholas G., Martinot, Jean-Luc, McDonald, Colm, McMahon, Katie L., Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michie, Patricia T., Morey, Rajendra A., Mowry, Bryan, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A., Pantelis, Christos, Paus, Tomas, Pausova, Zdenka, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Polderman, Tinca J. C., Posthuma, Danielle, Rietschel, Marcella, Roffman, Joshua L., Rowland, Laura M., Sachdev, Perminder S., Samann, Philipp G., Schall, Ulrich, Schumann, Gunter, Scott, Rodney J., Sim, Kang, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., St Pourcain, Beate, Stein, Dan J., Toga, Arthur W., Trollor, Julian N., Van der Wee, Nic J. A., van't Ent, Dennis, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Weber, Bernd, Weinberger, Daniel R., Wright, Margaret J., Zhou, Juan, Stein, Jason L., Thompson, Paul M., and Medland, Sarah E.
Abstract: The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

238. Human hippocampal CA3 damage disrupts both recent and remote episodic memories

Author: Miller, Thomas D., Chong, Trevor T.J., Aimola Davies, Anne, Johnson, Michael R., Irani, Sarosh R., Husain, Masud, Ng, Tammy W. C., Jacob, Saiju, Maddison, Paul, Kennard, Christopher, Gowland, Penny A., Rosenthal, Clive R., Miller, Thomas D., Chong, Trevor T.J., Aimola Davies, Anne, Johnson, Michael R., Irani, Sarosh R., Husain, Masud, Ng, Tammy W. C., Jacob, Saiju, Maddison, Paul, Kennard, Christopher, Gowland, Penny A., and Rosenthal, Clive R.
Abstract: Neocortical-hippocampal interactions support new episodic (event) memories, but there is conflicting evidence about the dependence of remote episodic memories on the hippocampus. In line with systems consolidation and computational theories of episodic memory, evidence from model organisms suggests that the cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) hippocampal subfield supports recent, but not remote, episodic retrieval. In this study, we demonstrated that recent and remote memories were susceptible to a loss of episodic detail in human participants with focal bilateral damage to CA3. Graph theoretic analyses of 7.0-Tesla resting-state fMRI data revealed that CA3 damage disrupted functional integration across the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem of the default network. The loss of functional integration in MTL subsystem regions was predictive of autobiographical episodic retrieval performance. We conclude that human CA3 is necessary for the retrieval of episodic memories long after their initial acquisition and functional integration of the default network is important for autobiographical episodic memory performance.
Published: 2020

239. Increased fasting small-bowel water content in untreated coeliac disease and scleroderma as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging

Author: Lam, Ching, Sanders, David, Lanyon, Peter, Garsed, Klara, Foley, Stephen, Pritchard, Susan, Marciani, Luca, Hoad, Caroline L., Costigan, Carolyn, Gowland, Penny, and Spiller, Robin
Subjects: Irritable bowel syndrome, Magnetic resonance imaging, Coeliac disease, Health, Beacon - Precision Imaging, Small bowel, Medical Science, Biomedical Research Centre, Scleroderma
Abstract: Background and aims: The regular overnight migrating motor complex (MMC) ensures that the normal fasting small bowel water content (SBWC) is minimised. We have applied our recently validated non-invasive magnetic resonance technique to assess SBWC in newly diagnosed coeliac disease (CD), scleroderma (SCD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) conditions, possibly associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Methods: 20 CD and 15 SCD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were compared to 20 healthy volunteers (HV) and 26 IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) patients as previously reported. All underwent a fasting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on a 1.5 T Philips Achieva MRI scanner to assess fasting SBWC and colonic volumes. Stool and symptom diaries were completed for 1 week. Results: Median (Interquartile range, IQR) Compared to healthy volunteers, all the patients had significantly increased stool frequency and Bristol stool form score. SBWC was significantly increased in CD 109(53-224) vs. 53(31-98) mL in HV, p [less than] 0.01 and 42 (28-67) in IBS-D, p [less than] 0.01. Variable increase in SBWC was also found in SCD, median 77(39-158) but this was not significant, p=0.2. Colonic volumes were similar for all groups being 547 (442-786) for CD, 511 (453-789) for SCD, 612 (445-746) for HV and 521 (428-757) mL for IBS-D. When CD patients were subdivided according to the Marsh classification, the higher grades had larger colonic volumes.Conclusion: Fasting SBWC as assessed by MRI is significantly increased in newly diagnosed CD and SCD but decreased in IBS-D. Future studies should test whether increased resting fluid predisposes to SIBO.
Published: 2019

240. T2* measurements in human brain at 1.5, 3 and 7 T

Author: Peters, Andrew M., Brookes, Matthew J., Hoogenraad, Frank G., Gowland, Penny A., Francis, Susan T., Morris, Peter G., and Bowtell, Richard
Published: 2007
Full Text: View/download PDF

241. Magnetic resonance imaging of the gastrointestinal tract shows reduced small bowel motility and altered chyme in cystic fibrosis compared to controls

Author: Dellschaft, Neele S, primary, Ng, Christabella, additional, Hoad, Caroline, additional, Marciani, Luca, additional, Spiller, Robin, additional, Stewart, Iain, additional, Menys, Alex, additional, Barr, Helen, additional, Gowland, Penny A, additional, Major, Giles, additional, and Smyth, Alan R, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

242. Probing the myelin water compartment with a saturation‐recovery, multi‐echo gradient‐recalled echo sequence

Author: Kleban, Elena, primary, Gowland, Penny, additional, and Bowtell, Richard, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

243. O59 MRI methods to define colonic function in health and constipation

Author: Wilkinson-Smith, Victoria, primary, Hoad, Caroline, additional, Atkinson, David, additional, Marciani, Luca, additional, Corsetti, Maura, additional, Scott, S Mark, additional, Taylor, Stuart, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, and Spiller, Robin, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

244. O62 Psyllium reduces colonic hydrogen production following ingestion of inulin in irritable bowel syndrome

Author: Gunn, David, primary, Abbas, Zainab, additional, Major, Giles, additional, Hoad, Caroline, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Marciani, Luca, additional, Harris, Hannah, additional, Warren, Fred, additional, Gill, Samantha, additional, Rossi, Megan, additional, Remes-Troche, Jose, additional, Whelan, Kevin, additional, and Spiller, Robin, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

245. Functional Connectivity Predicts Individual Development of Inhibitory Control during Adolescence

Author: Wang, Haiyan, primary, Fan, Lingzhong, additional, Song, Ming, additional, Liu, Bing, additional, Wu, Dongya, additional, Jiang, Rongtao, additional, Li, Jin, additional, Li, Ang, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Bokde, Arun L W, additional, Quinlan, Erin Burke, additional, Desrivières, Sylvane, additional, Flor, Herta, additional, Grigis, Antoine, additional, Garavan, Hugh, additional, Chaarani, Bader, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Ittermann, Bernd, additional, Martinot, Jean-Luc, additional, Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère, additional, Artiges, Eric, additional, Nees, Frauke, additional, Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos, additional, Poustka, Luise, additional, Millenet, Sabina, additional, Fröhner, Juliane H, additional, Smolka, Michael N, additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Whelan, Robert, additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, and Jiang, Tianzi, additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

246. Resonate: Reaching Excellence Through Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in ISMRM

Author: Warnert, Esther A.H., primary, Kasper, Lars, additional, Meltzer, Carolyn C, additional, Lightfoote, Johnson B, additional, Bucknor, Matthew D, additional, Haroon, Hamied, additional, Duggan, Gavin, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Wald, Larry, additional, Miller, Karla L., additional, Morris, Elizabeth A., additional, and Anazodo, Udunna C, additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

247. MR Measures of Small Bowel Wall T2 Are Associated With Increased Permeability

Author: Scott, Robert A., primary, Williams, Hannah G., additional, Hoad, Caroline L., additional, Alyami, Ali, additional, Ortori, Catherine A., additional, Grove, Jane I., additional, Marciani, Luca, additional, Moran, Gordon W., additional, Spiller, Robin C., additional, Menys, Alex, additional, Aithal, Guruprasad P., additional, and Gowland, Penny A., additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

248. Neural Correlates of Adolescent Irritability and Its Comorbidity With Psychiatric Disorders

Author: Chaarani, Bader, primary, Kan, Kees-Jan, additional, Mackey, Scott, additional, Spechler, Philip A., additional, Potter, Alexandra, additional, Banaschewski, Tobias, additional, Millenet, Sabina, additional, Bokde, Arun L.W., additional, Bromberg, Uli, additional, Büchel, Christian, additional, Cattrell, Anna, additional, Conrod, Patricia J., additional, Desrivières, Sylvane, additional, Flor, Herta, additional, Frouin, Vincent, additional, Gallinat, Jürgen, additional, Gowland, Penny, additional, Heinz, Andreas, additional, Ittermann, Bernd, additional, Martinot, Jean-Luc, additional, Nees, Frauke, additional, Paus, Tomáš, additional, Poustka, Luise, additional, Smolka, Michael N., additional, Walter, Henrik, additional, Whelan, Robert, additional, Stringaris, Argyris, additional, Higgins, Stephen T., additional, Schumann, Gunter, additional, Garavan, Hugh, additional, Althoff, Robert R., additional, Rapp, Dr. Michael, additional, Artiges, Dr. Eric, additional, Schneider, Sophia, additional, Bach, Christine, additional, Paus, Dr. Tomas, additional, Barbot, Alexis, additional, Barker, Dr. Gareth, additional, Bokde, Dr. Arun, additional, Vetter, Dr. Nora, additional, Büchel, Dr. Christian, additional, Cattrell, Dr. Anna, additional, Constant, Patrick, additional, Crombag, Dr. Hans, additional, Czech, Katharina, additional, Dalley, Dr. Jeffrey, additional, Decideur, Benjamin, additional, Spranger, Tade, additional, Ripley, Dr. Tamzin, additional, Heym, Dr. Nadja, additional, Sommer, Dr. Wolfgang, additional, Fuchs, Birgit, additional, Gallinat, Dr. Jürgen, additional, Garavan, Dr. Hugh, additional, Spanagel, Dr. Rainer, additional, Kaviani, Mehri, additional, Heinrichs, Dr. Bert, additional, Heinz, Dr. Andreas, additional, Subramaniam, Naresh, additional, Jia, Dr. Tianye, additional, Ihlenfeld, Albrecht, additional, Ireland, James, additional, Ittermann, Dr. Bernd, additional, Conrod, Dr. Patricia, additional, Banaschewski, Dr. Tobias, additional, Jones, Jennifer, additional, Klaassen, Dr. Arno, additional, Lalanne, Christophe, additional, Lanzerath, Dr. Dirk, additional, Lawrence, Dr. Claire, additional, Lemaitre, Dr. Hervé, additional, Desrivieres, Dr. Sylvane, additional, Mallik, Catherine, additional, Mann, Dr. Karl, additional, Mar, Dr. Adam, additional, Martinez-Medina, Lourdes, additional, Martinot, Dr. Jean-Luc, additional, Mennigen, Eva, additional, Mesquita de Carvahlo, Dr. Fabiana, additional, Schwartz, Yannick, additional, Bruehl, Dr. Ruediger, additional, Müller, Kathrin, additional, Nymberg, Charlotte, additional, Lathrop, Dr. Mark, additional, Robbins, Dr. Trevor, additional, Pausova, Dr. Zdenka, additional, Pentilla, Dr. Jani, additional, Biondo, Dr. Francesca, additional, Poline, Dr. Jean-Baptiste, additional, Poustka, Dr. Luise, additional, Smolka, Dr. Michael, additional, Fröhner, Juliane, additional, Struve, Dr. Maren, additional, Williams, Dr. Steve, additional, Hübner, Dr. Thomas, additional, Aydin, Semiha, additional, Rogers, John, additional, Romanowski, Alexander, additional, Schmäl, Dr. Christine, additional, Schmidt, Dirk, additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Arroyo, Dr. Mercedes, additional, Schubert, Dr. Florian, additional, Pena-Oliver, Dr. Yolanda, additional, Fauth-Bühler, Mira, additional, Mignon, Xavier, additional, Whelan, Dr. Robert, additional, Speiser, Dr. Claudia, additional, Fadai, Tahmine, additional, Stephens, Dr. Dai, additional, Ströhle, Dr. Andreas, additional, Paillere, Dr. Marie-Laure, additional, Strache, Nicole, additional, Theobald, David, additional, Jurk, Sarah, additional, Vulser, Dr. Helene, additional, Miranda, Ruben, additional, Yacubilin, Dr. Juliana, additional, Genauck, Alexander, additional, Parchetka, Caroline, additional, Gemmeke, Isabel, additional, Kruschwitz, Johann, additional, Weiss, Katharina, additional, Walter, Dr. Henrik, additional, Feng, Jianfeng, additional, Papadopoulos, Dimitri, additional, Filippi, Irina, additional, Ing, Alex, additional, Ruggeri, Dr. Barbara, additional, Xu, Bing, additional, Macare, Christine, additional, Chu, Dr. Congying, additional, Hanratty, Eanna, additional, Burke Quinlan, Dr. Erin, additional, Robert, Dr. Gabriel, additional, Schumann, Dr. Gunter, additional, Yu, Dr. Tao, additional, Ziesch, Veronika, additional, and Stedman, Alicia, additional
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

249. 414 RECLASSIFYING CONSTIPATION USING COLONIC VOLUME ASSESSED BY MRI, WHOLE GUT TRANSIT, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND PAIN SCORES

Author: Wilkinson-Smith, Victoria, Scott, S. Mark, Menys, Alex, Zdanavciene, Austra, Wiklendt, Lukasz, Corsetti, Maura, Marciani, Luca, Atkinson, David, Coupland, Carol, Knowles, Charles, Taylor, Stuart, Dinning, Philip, Gowland, Penny A., Hoad, Caroline, and Spiller, Robin C.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

250. Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author: Marciani, Luca, primary, Spiller, Robin C., additional, Gowland, Penny A., additional, and Thurley, Peter D., additional
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

1,855 results on '"Gowland, Penny"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources