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1,197 results on '"Goodman, Noah"'

226. Eye-Tracking Causality

Author

Gerstenberg, Tobias, Peterson, Matthew F., Goodman, Noah D., Lagnado, David A., and Tenenbaum, Joshua B.

Published
2017

242. A Computational Model of Linguistic Humor in Puns

Author

Kao, Justine T., Levy, Roger, and Goodman, Noah D.

Abstract

Humor plays an essential role in human interactions. Precisely what makes something funny, however, remains elusive. While research on natural language understanding has made significant advancements in recent years, there has been little direct integration of humor research with computational models of language understanding. In this paper, we propose two information-theoretic measures--ambiguity and distinctiveness--derived from a simple model of sentence processing. We test these measures on a set of puns and regular sentences and show that they correlate significantly with human judgments of funniness. Moreover, within a set of puns, the distinctiveness measure distinguishes exceptionally funny puns from mediocre ones. Our work is the first, to our knowledge, to integrate a computational model of general language understanding and humor theory to quantitatively predict humor at a fine-grained level. We present it as an example of a framework for applying models of language processing to understand higher level linguistic and cognitive phenomena.

Published
2016
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247. Certified Reasoning with Language Models

Author

Poesia, Gabriel, Gandhi, Kanishk, Zelikman, Eric, and Goodman, Noah D.

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Language models often achieve higher accuracy when reasoning step-by-step in complex tasks. However, their reasoning can be unsound, inconsistent, or rely on undesirable prior assumptions. To tackle these issues, we introduce a class of tools for language models called guides that use state and incremental constraints to guide generation. A guide can be invoked by the model to constrain its own generation to a set of valid statements given by the tool. In turn, the model's choices can change the guide's state. We show how a general system for logical reasoning can be used as a guide, which we call LogicGuide. Given a reasoning problem in natural language, a model can formalize its assumptions for LogicGuide and then guarantee that its reasoning steps are sound. In experiments with the PrOntoQA and ProofWriter reasoning datasets, LogicGuide significantly improves the performance of GPT-3, GPT-3.5 Turbo and LLaMA (accuracy gains up to 35%). LogicGuide also drastically reduces content effects: the interference of prior and current assumptions that both humans and language models have been shown to suffer from. Finally, we explore bootstrapping LLaMA 13B from its own reasoning and find that LogicGuide is critical: by training only on certified self-generated reasoning, LLaMA can self-improve, avoiding learning from its own hallucinations.

Published
2023

248. Data from CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib (PD0332991) in Rb+ Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase II Activity, Safety, and Predictive Biomarker Assessment

Author

DeMichele, Angela, primary, Clark, Amy S., primary, Tan, Kay See, primary, Heitjan, Daniel F., primary, Gramlich, Kristi, primary, Gallagher, Maryann, primary, Lal, Priti, primary, Feldman, Michael, primary, Zhang, Paul, primary, Colameco, Christopher, primary, Lewis, David, primary, Langer, Melissa, primary, Goodman, Noah, primary, Domchek, Susan, primary, Gogineni, Keerthi, primary, Rosen, Mark, primary, Fox, Kevin, primary, and O'Dwyer, Peter, primary

Published
2023
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249. Supplementary Figure Legend from CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib (PD0332991) in Rb+ Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase II Activity, Safety, and Predictive Biomarker Assessment

Author

DeMichele, Angela, primary, Clark, Amy S., primary, Tan, Kay See, primary, Heitjan, Daniel F., primary, Gramlich, Kristi, primary, Gallagher, Maryann, primary, Lal, Priti, primary, Feldman, Michael, primary, Zhang, Paul, primary, Colameco, Christopher, primary, Lewis, David, primary, Langer, Melissa, primary, Goodman, Noah, primary, Domchek, Susan, primary, Gogineni, Keerthi, primary, Rosen, Mark, primary, Fox, Kevin, primary, and O'Dwyer, Peter, primary

Published
2023
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250. Supplemental Table 1 from CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Palbociclib (PD0332991) in Rb+ Advanced Breast Cancer: Phase II Activity, Safety, and Predictive Biomarker Assessment

Author

DeMichele, Angela, primary, Clark, Amy S., primary, Tan, Kay See, primary, Heitjan, Daniel F., primary, Gramlich, Kristi, primary, Gallagher, Maryann, primary, Lal, Priti, primary, Feldman, Michael, primary, Zhang, Paul, primary, Colameco, Christopher, primary, Lewis, David, primary, Langer, Melissa, primary, Goodman, Noah, primary, Domchek, Susan, primary, Gogineni, Keerthi, primary, Rosen, Mark, primary, Fox, Kevin, primary, and O'Dwyer, Peter, primary

Published
2023
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