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There are representatives of 27 families, 60 genera, 306 species and 44 intraspecific taxons (3 varians, 17 forms and 24 classes), 22 hybrids, 372 taxon in total, 792 samples in the collections of woody introducents. The collection is dominated by plants of cultural origin, grown from seeds. 88 percents of plants are characterised by score of winter hardiness from 1 to 3. More than a third of the plants have been in testing for 31-40 years. Generative development is typical for most plants.

The features of asymmetry and shape of small-leaved linden leaf blades (Tilia cordata Mill.) on the Kola Peninsula (Murmansk region, Kirovsk) and in the middle part of Russia (Moscow region, Orekhovo-Zuevo) were studied. The size of leaf blades in the northern population (Murmansk oblast) was significantly smaller (p

The results of investigations of chemical composition and emission rates of the welding fume, generated during welding using electrodes for copper alloys, are presented with the aim of improvement of their sanitary and hygienic characteristics. It is shown that in order to create new grades of welding electrodes with improved hygienic characteristics, it is necessary to have the data of the initial sanitary and hygienic evaluation in accordance with international standards. It was established that the use of binder based on pure lithium liquid glass in the coating of electrodes for welding copper alloys, increases the rate of welding fume emission into the air, as well as the content of manganese and copper oxides in it. The minimum rates of harmful emissions were recorded during the use of sodium-potassium binder, which is recommended for mass production of this type of electrodes.

Soil respiration (SR) is one of the largest fluxes in the global carbon cycle, exceeding anthropogenic CO2 emission by more than an order of magnitude. Estimation of the heterotrophic component of SR is necessary to assess the carbon balance on the ecosystem and on the regional, national, and global scales. Within the framework of the most important national innovation project "Development of a System of Ground-based and Remote Monitoring of Carbon Pools and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes on the Territory of the Russian Federation," the first Russian national network is organized to monitor CO2 emission from soils and other linked parameters. The SR values and the relationship with the temperature of the upper 5- to 10-cm layer of soil (TS) are analyzed for the first time on the territory of Russia based on methodologically identical field measurements conducted simultaneously in the summer period (June–August 2023) at 75 monitoring sites in the different ecosystems in the main Russian bioclimatic zones from the tundra to the semidesert. The positive effect of soil temperature on the mean summer SR rate and the maximum monthly SR values is observed in the interval of mean TS from 10 to 20°C. Among the ecosystems studied, the lowest SR values are recorded in tundra and bog ecosystems, while the highest values are in the forest–steppe. Amongst the forest ecosystems, the lowest SR rates are characteristic of larch forests, while the highest SR values are observed in broadleaved forests of the forest–steppe zone. To clarify the regularities obtained, it is necessary to expand studies in all bioclimatic zones, but mainly in agrocenoses, tundra, and steppe ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequential (S) and equal-time (ET) methods were applied to assess the temperature sensitivity of respiration of peat soils in different terrestrial ecosystems: southern tundra, northern taiga, and mixed coniferous–broadleaved forests. The Q10 values varied widely (1.3–4.8) and in case of the ET method decreased from northern to temperate latitudes. In the cold range (5–15°С), Q10 increased from the southern tundra (3.5) to the northern taiga (4.8) and then sharply decreased in the zone of mixed forests (2.5). Meanwhile, warm range (15–25°С) showed a clear decline of Q10 from northern to temperate latitudes: southern tundra (2.6) > northern taiga (1.6) > coniferous–broadleaved forests (1.3). Application of the S method resulted in low variability of Q10 values. Our results demonstrate a higher temperature sensitivity of the respiration of peat soils in northern latitudes as compared to that in the temperate zone. The Q10 values obtained in this study can be useful for calibration of regional carbon cycle datasets that consider the contribution of peat soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the formation of an “Ecological man” by means of psychological practices in the realities of the agricultural sector of the Krasnodar Region. The authors revealed the nature, content and characteristics of the impact of environmental anthropogenic factors on the “environmental man”; determined the criteria and conditions for the formation his ecological culture at the present stage in the realities of modern agribusiness; investigated the state of greening of rural areas of the Krasnodar Region; considered psychological practices as an effective technology for adaptation and life of the “environmental man” in the realities of the agricultural sector. The study allowed: to justify the need for the formation of an “Ecological man” and to propose a system of environmentally-oriented psychological practices for its formation and development, while simultaneously contributing to an increase in the efficiency of the agricultural sector; propose supplementing the monitoring of the ecology system of the Krasnodar Region with psychoecological and mediaecological components; to identify the possibility of highlighting the content of environmental values that determine self-development of a person and a change in attitude to the world. The agro-industrial complex must take on the strategy of creating and managing an informational ecological environment.

In the article results of long-term phenologucal observations of introduced species of Picea A. Dietr. on the Kola Peninsula. The cycle of vegetative development of types of Picea corresponds to the vegetative period of a place of an introduction.

The article contains information about a collection of plants Pinaceae Lindl. in Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute. The analysis of structure of the introduced plants of Pinaceae family in vital forms, an origin of initial material, features of wintering and reproductive development is carried out.

Methodology based on a combination of experimental data obtained by in situ methods of spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance has been proposed for determination of the key parameters of the conjugated polymer deposition on the electrode surface via monomer electrooxidation. These parameters are: the current efficiency of the process, the charge spent per an oxidized monomer molecule, the number of monomer units inside the deposited film, and the average number of valence bonds per one monomer unit inside the film. Besides, the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance method applied to the discharge process of the electropolymerized film allows determining the average charging (oxidation) degree of the monomer unit at the polymerization potential and the degree of the solvent participation in the polymer's redox transitions. The applicability of the proposed approach has been demonstrated by example of magnesium polyporphine films obtained by oxidation of unsubstituted magnesium porphine on inert electrode in acetonitrile solution at a low potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flows of a viscous incompressible liquid with a thermocapillary boundary are investigated numerically on the basis of the mathematical model that consists of the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations, kinematic and dynamic conditions at the free boundary and of the slip boundary conditions at solid walls. We assume that the constant temperature is kept on the solid walls. On the thermocapillary gas-liquid interface the condition of the third order for temperature is imposed. The numerical algorithm based on a finite-difference scheme of the second order approximation on space and time has been constructed. The numerical experiments are performed for water under conditions of normal and low gravity for different friction coefficients and different values of the interphase heat transfer coefficient.

The two-dimensional films, flowing down an inclined, non-uniformly heated substrate are studied. The results contain the new mathematical models developed with the help of the long-wave approximation of the Navier-Stokes and heat transfer equations or Oberbeck-Boussinesq equations in the case, when the generalized conditions are formulated at thermocapillary interface. The evolution equations for the film thickness include the effects of gravity, viscosity, capillarity, thermocapillarity, additional stress effects and evaporation.

Material and charge balances in the course of the electropolymerization process of the non-substituted Mg(II) porphine (MgP) at a low oxidation potential from its acetonitrile solutions of various concentrations have been studied via the in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance method (EQCM). Thus, registered electrode mass increase due to the MgP oxidation at its surface has been used, in combination with in situ spectroelectrochemical data, for determination of the key parameters of the polymerization process and of the magnesium polyporphine films deposited on the electrode surface: current efficiency of the film deposition process, average charge spent for transformation of a monomer molecule into monomer unit inside the film, number of monomer units inside the deposited film, average number of valence bonds per one monomer unit inside the film. Besides, the EQCM method applied to the discharge process of the electropolymerized film has allowed us to estimate the average charging (oxidation) degree of the monomer unit inside the film at the polymerization potential and the degree of the solvent participation in the course of the polymer's redox transitions. It has been established that the number of bonds between porphine units is within the range of 2.2 to 2.4, with its slight increase for films deposited at higher monomer concentrations. Conclusions on the structure of polyporphine chains have been made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, devices in the region of the microwave and extremely high frequency (EHF) ranges are being developed using the nonlinear properties of the bulk of III–V semiconductors, which manifest themselves under high electric fields. The formation processes of solitons and domains at various strength levels are studied in detail. Herewith, the question on the development of models convenient for practical application, which describe the behavior of carriers under the mentioned conditions, and on determination of the output parameters of the chip structure for use in equivalent device circuits remains poorly investigated. A phenomenological approach to heating processes in the bulk of III–V semiconductors etc. is considered in this work. A method for calculating the microwave and EHF conductivity based on solving equations of heating and carrier drift in strong electric fields and the simulation of processes occurring under the effect of a weak-intensity alternating field on the bulk of semiconductor structures under study is proposed. Analytical frequency dependences of the conductivity amplitude and phase illustrating the possibility of implementing the generation mode are derived. The quasi-time-independent I–V characteristic for the fundamental harmonic of the output signal is analyzed. The calculated amplitude–frequency and phase–frequency characteristics of the conductivity enable selection of the necessary constant field strength providing the required device operating mode for bulk semiconductor structures in the specified frequency range. The equation for the current density of hot carriers enables analytical determination of the amplitude ranges of the first (fundamental) harmonics of the output current at a specific frequency depending on the voltage amplitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peatland soils in permafrost area are among the major components of global carbon cycle. In the case of predicted climate change, they may act as a significant source of greenhouse gases efflux. A four-year transplantation experiment (transplantation of soil cores of 20 cm in height and 10 cm in diameter to other natural positions) with the peat horizon was arranged to assess the temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux from palsa peatlands in the north of Western Siberia. The rise in temperature by 7°С caused a positive feedback (30–70%) of CO2 efflux (measured by the closed chamber method) from transplanted soils as compared with the control. Temperature dependence of CO2 efflux from transplanted soils had the highest value (R2 = 0.8) in the first two years as a result of maximum contrast of temperature conditions between sites and decreased in the next two years. On the contrary, the temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux from transplanted soils showed a high value during most of observations (Q10 = 3–6) thus indicating the increased rate of organic matter mineralization in peat soils of permafrost area for a long (four years) period. Our results might be useful for calibration of regional carbon cycle data sets that consider the contribution of organic permafrost-affected soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palsa peatland soils are known as significant terrestrial storage of the Earth's soil carbon. The response of these soils to changing climate may result in a strong feedback to global carbon balance. In laboratory, we investigated the effect of rising temperatures on the upper (T1) and lower (T2) horizons of Turbic Histic Cryosols using sequential (S) and equal-time (ET) methods. The S method was applied to estimate the response of organic carbon mineralization rate (R) to sequential temperature increase from 5 to 30°C; the ET method was used to study the response of the basal (microbial) respiration rate to equal-time incubation at 5, 15, and 25°C. The Q10 coefficient was calculated. In the T1 horizon, both methods (S and ET) demonstrated a positive response of respiration to the rise in temperature. The respiration intensity increased by 91 and 84%, respectively. In the T2 horizon, it increased by 93 and 91%, respectively. However, despite the overall positive response of soil respiration to the rise in temperature, the Q10 values demonstrated differences in the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. These values were maximal in the cold (5–15°C) range for both horizons. For most of temperature ranges, Q10 was higher for T2 than for T1. For the T1 horizon and S method, Q10 slightly varied (2.7–3.0), whereas in the case of the ET method, it decreased by 3.3 times from the cold (4.9) to the warm 15–25°C (1.5) temperature range. For the T2 horizon, the S method also did not cause significant shifts in Q10 (3.0–3.5); the ET method caused a decrease in Q10 by 1.5 times from the cold (4.3) to the warm (2.8) temperature range. To sum up, the ET method leads to a wider variation of Q10 values in comparison with the S method thus indicating its better applicability for temperature sensitivity studies with palsa peatland soils under laboratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical density spectra were obtained for aqueous solutions of doxorubicin (DOX) antitumor agent and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with different concentrations, as well as upon addition of insignificant amount of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, C AuNPs = 0.658 × 10−10 М) to them. For the region of optical density saturation at the maximum of the DOX optical absorption band (λ max = 481 nm) for С DOX /C BSA = 0.46, the concentration of complexes equal to 1.09 × 10−5 М at the concentration of free molecules of DOX [D] = 1.72 × 10−4 М and BSA [B] = 7.79 × 10−5 М was determined. The use of the isomolar series method shows that the structure of the complexes corresponds to a ratio of 2:1, in accordance with the DOX and BSA molecules at an equilibrium binding constant K = 4.79 × 106 М−1. The addition of AuNPs does not affect the stoichiometry of complexes, but significantly changes their formation dynamics. Thus, in the presence of AuNPs, the concentration of DOX-BSA-AuNPs heteroassociates increases significantly due to the adsorption of DOX on AuNPs and the high ability of BSA to bind to AuNPs, and the equilibrium binding constant decreases to K = 2.99 × 106 M−1. • Gold nanoparticle content in doxorubicin-bovine serum albumin prodrugs is limited. • Gold nanoparticles decrease the equilibrium binding constant of prodrug complexes. • Doxorubicin conjugates with gold nanoparticles promote prodrug complexation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Pain syndrome is integral acute sign of drug addiction at psychoactive substance deprivation and is a severe urgent state. Objectives and aims To work out integrated approaches to pain syndrome cessation with combined pharmacotherapy and non-pharmaceutical methods. To study dynamics of pain syndrome reduction at application of the developed methods. Methods One hundred and eighty-nine opioid addicts (cessation state) were examined. The treatment efficiency was evaluated with visual analogue scale; Roland-Morris questionnaire; pain numeric rating scale. Results Four innovative options of modified therapy for pain authorized with the patents of Ukraine were proposed (with membrane plasmapheresis, medical electrophoresis, laser therapy and standard pharmacotherapy): – pain syndrome cessation in opioid addicts is provided with Tramadol (up to 600 mg i/m), at intravascular laser hemotherapy (wavelength 0.63 mcm, power 2 mW, 30–40 min exposure, 3–4 days course); – recurrent deprivation pain syndrome cessation is realized by membrane plasmapheresis with intravascular laser blood irradiation and i/m 1.0 mL Ketanov solution 2–3 days; – pain syndrome treatment in drug and alcohol addicts is provided with Analgin and Sibazon by electrophoresis, current 1.5–5 mA, exposure 25–30 min, 1–2 procedures daily; – pain syndrome cessation in drug addicts is performed by injection of 0.5% Seduxen solution (up to 4.0 mL), paracetamol – (up to 0.4 g), 10% solution of sodium caffeine benzoate – 1.0–2.0 mL subcutaneously, at night – 0.5% seduxen 2.0–4.0 mL, paracetamol – 0.2–0.4 g. Conclusions Monitoring and statistical processing data proved that the proposed methods give 1.5–2-fold growth in efficiency of treatment for pain syndrome in drug addicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Distinctness of tremor in abstinent disorders at alcohol and drug addiction are polymorphous in expressiveness degree, localization, typical dynamics of growing from latent, subclinical to big swing tremor of fingers. Aims and objectives To elaborate the differentiated diagnosis method for tremor in drug addicts to solve examination and medical problems in clinical narcology. Method The new method of expert diagnosis of latent tremor in narcology with complex examination of the respondent's capacity to complete test tasks for the precisement of purposeful sensorimotor movements and operations coordination with laser test was introduced. Laser beam pointer visual manual guidance at 2–3 meter distance standard target and the beam fixation at the centre (“top ten”) reveals the patient's capacity within 5–10 seconds. Laser light spot trembling appearance out of “top ten” circle while twice-thrice completing the test is considered the positive result and tremor severity is evaluated depending on the beam vibration amplitude. Results Twenty-five alcohol and 25 drug addicts were examined. Visually, tremor presence and severity coincided with testing results entirely. Ability to keep beam in “top ten” area demonstrated tremor absence; laser spot vibration over “top ten”–the latent tremor; laser spot trembling within circles 9–10 – the moderate tremor; within the 6th–4th circles – medium severity; from 3rd–1st and 0th circle – the severe tremor is identified. Conclusions The method allows to increase the diagnosis efficiency and tremor identification at narcological diseases that gives opportunity to solve definite differential diagnostic problems in the expert centers for intoxication states examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Statistical data prove that the most traffic accidents happen at the traffic lights controlled crossings predominantly due to decreased attention at permanently changing traffic lights triad and narrowing traffic parameters panoramic view. Aims and objectives To develop method optimizing human psychophysiological functions (perception, attention, peripheral vision, operative memory) as integral base for most intellectual functions. Method The new approach for psychophysiological functions activation consists of addition of the traffic lights complete color gamut to the famous Schulte test (1–25 numbers depicted in black at consequently changing red, yellow and green background in cells). Results Two groups each of 25 respondents were examined. New technology on modified Schulte table (once-twice a day 25–30 min exercise repetition for 7–10 days) was used in the main group. Traditional (black-and-white) Schulte tables were applied in control group. Training efficiency in the main group 2.1 times exceeded this in control group. Thus, the main group respondent's ability for high operation speed in attention (average evaluation) was reached after the 3-day training while in the control group–by 6th day. Considerably quicker the main group could demonstrate the ability for panoramic perception of traffic lights color analogues and identification of ordinal numbers in modified Schulte table. It has been established that modification of Schulte tables improves intensity, volume, concentration, stability, distractability of attention and mobilization of memory. Conclusions The elaborated method allows to concentrate at information aspects of traffic, isolate the external stimuli, control the own activity in anti-accident paradigm and traffic safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The work presents HIV PLEDGE project cooperative results of Kharkov Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (KhMAPE) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in Ukraine which correspond the Law of Ukraine “On the Higher Education” requirements. Objectives and aims The project is aimed at the reduction of HIV-infection, tuberculosis and other comorbid disorders in drug addicts in Ukraine. The results are expected to be introduced into postgraduate training for doctors narcologists of Ukraine at the resource training centre (RTC) created under UNODC aegis according to innovation international education and technology standards criteria adapted for all forms of postgraduate training including medical residency. Methods Clinical, laboratory, epidemiological methods, statistical monitoring were applied for modern drug addiction conditions. Results The research allowed: – to increase abilities of KhMAPE departments to provide up-to-date epidemiological information for narcological diseases, pathophysiology, treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, HIV-linked medical and non-medical services integration in routine practice; – to approach renewed academic programs, distance training courses, certification, special modern software, computer technologies, internet resources; – to increase the postgraduate education efficiency and quality; – to apply up-to-date information concerning treatment; – to provide tuition and online training. RTC was equipped with special software, valid educational and diagnostic tests, e-libraries, research analytical reports, Tritnet educational and information materials, presentation setup. RTC provides monitoring system of academic efficiency “Smart Senteo”, distance training module program, database server “Osvita”. Conclusions RTC efficiency and prospects of new form of postgraduate medical training for doctors narcologists in residency have been grounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Among drug addicts cohort in Ukrainian population, the phenomenon of codeine narcotic effect intensification and prolongation with antibiotic levomycetin simultaneous combined dose was identified. Current narcology encounters the insufficiently studied problem of drug addicts who lost vision due to levomycetin abuse at chronic codeine intoxication. Continuous levomycetin abuse was proved to cause optic nerve neuritis followed with eyesight loss. This is connected with discrete loss of eyesight pathogenesis in opioidaddicts. Aims and objectives To elaborate integrated method of treatment considering main pathogenic links of this narcotic addiction. Method It is based on combined therapy at traditional detoxication and includes membrane plasmapheresis 2–5 times at once every 3 days. Everyday 2.0 mL pyridoxin hydrochloride 5% solution for 15 days. Capillary stabilizer l -lysine aescinat in drops once in 24 h for 5–8 days. Transorbital medicinal electrophoresis (thiamine bromide 2.5% solution), 15–20 min exposure, daily, 10–12 procedures. Peroral retinol acetate, 1 capsule 3–4 times daily, for 7–10 days. Enterosorbent atoxil, 10–12 g daily, for 3–5 days. Results Five codeine addicts with neuro-ophtalmic disorders due to levomycetin abuse as a narco-associated phenomenon were examined. The addicts explained additional levomycetin composition in individual narcotization schemes by the aim to intensify and prolong codeine effects maintaining its stable dose. Combined comprehensive therapy restored the eyesight partially; renewed capacity to move independently, the patients’ disability was ceased. Conclusions Membrane plasmapheresis in the proposed method integrates in therapy the prescribed pharmaceuticals and corresponds numerous tasks of detoxication at continuous combined codein and levomycetin abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an electronic system for managing individuals with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis in the Kyrgyz Republic. This cohort study used programmatic data. The study included people registered on the paper-based system in 2019 and 302 people registered on both the electronic and the paper-based systems between June 2021 and May 2022. The data from the 302 individuals were used to assess the completeness of each form of record and the concordance of the electronic record with the paper-based system. This study showed that for most variables, the completeness and concordance were 85.3-93.0% and were lowest for nonmandatory fields such as medication side effects (26.8% vs. 13.6%). No significant difference was observed in the time taken from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment initiation between the two systems. However, the electronic system had a significantly higher percentage of subjects who initiated treatment on the day of diagnosis (80.3% vs. 57.1%). The proportion with successful outcomes was similar in both groups, but the electronic system had a significantly lower proportion of individuals with outcomes that were not evaluated or recorded (4.8% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001). This study highlights the potential advantages and gaps associated with implementing an electronic TB register system for improving records.

Migrants are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) and have poor treatment outcomes. The National TB program (NTP) of the Kyrgyz Republic recognizes two types of migrants: internal (intra-country) and external (inter-country) migrants. This cohort study compared the characteristics, timeliness of diagnosis and treatment initiation, and treatment outcomes of TB patients (internal migrant vs. external migrant vs. non-migrant) identified during treatment in the country in 2021. The TB treatment register and treatment cards of 5114 patients (156 internal, 430 external, and 4528 non-migrants) were reviewed. Risk factors (unemployment, smoking, alcohol use, and homelessness) were higher ( p -value < 0.001) in internal (84%) than in external migrants (66%) and non-migrants (43%). The median delay in seeking care post-symptom onset was longer ( p -value= 0.03) in external (30 days) than in internal migrants (21 days) and non-migrants (25 days). Successful treatment outcomes for drug-sensitive TB were higher in internal (89%, p -value = 0.012) and external migrants (86%, p -value = 0.001) than in non-migrants (78%). Internal and external migrants should be separately considered with respect to TB care and monitoring under the NTP. Success rates seem to be high in migrants, but our findings may be biased, as migrants with poor healthcare access may remain undetected and untreated and have undocumented poor outcomes.

Surgery has played an important role in managing complicated tuberculosis in former Soviet Union countries, including the Kyrgyz Republic. However, published information is limited. This study aimed to document the trend, characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis patients who underwent thoracic surgery, using routinely collected data. Between 2017 and 2021, 4-7% of tuberculosis patients in the Kyrgyz Republic underwent thoracic surgery in two centres in Bishkek and Osh. In 2021, case records were retrieved in 264 (78%) of 340 patients undergoing thoracic surgery in the country. The most common indications for surgery were pleural exudate/empyema in 127 (44%) and tuberculoma in 83 (32%). Most patients (73%) underwent surgery within 30 days of starting TB treatment. Two-thirds of patients underwent radical surgery, and surgical outcomes were excellent in 99% of patients with one death. Post-operatively, 63 (23%) patients had no TB detected by the histology, with the two most common specified conditions being lung cancer and pulmonary hydatid disease. TB treatment was stopped in these patients. Of the 201 patients with confirmed TB after surgery, TB-treatment success was documented in 163 (81%), died/failure/lost to follow-up in 10 (5%) and not evaluated in 28 (14%). This study shows that thoracic surgery is feasible, safe and effective in the routine programme setting. Recommendations are made to strengthen referral and monitoring systems., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Background : Improving tuberculosis (TB) care in key populations is an operational research priority in the Kyrgyz Republic. Here, we describe the characteristics of TB/HIV co-infected individuals, their affiliations with key country-wide population groups, and their TB treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a cohort study using national programmatic data (2018-2022). The key population groups included people with increased exposure to TB, limited access to TB services, and increased risk of acquiring TB. Results: Among 693 individuals with TB/HIV co-infection, the majority (58%) of individuals were from two regions of the Kyrgyz Republic (Chui and Bishkek). Eighty-four percent (84%) individuals had one or more affiliations to eight key population groups, with 49% of the individuals affiliated to ≥2 groups and 92% of the individuals were on both antiretroviral treatment and cotrimoxazole preventive therapy. Overall, 406 (59%) of the individuals had successful outcomes and 287 (41%) of the individuals had unsuccessful outcomes. Unsuccessful outcomes increased from 36% (n-39) with TB/HIV alone to 47% (n-86) with affiliations to ≥3 key population groups ( P -0.03). Unsuccessful outcomes were associated with co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus and hepatitis B/C), migration, alcohol use, and extrapulmonary TB. Conclusions: For a long time, people with TB/HIV co-infection have been recognized as a "double priority". Affiliation to key populations accentuates their status to "triple priority". We advocate for increased attention and equity towards these populations.

Patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) who have comorbidities, complications, and experience serious adverse events (SAEs) are at substantial risk of having unfavorable hospital outcomes. We assessed characteristics and discharge outcomes of 138 MDR-TB patients hospitalized in the National Referral Center of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, from January 2020 to August 2022. The main clinical characteristics included pulmonary complications (23%), malnutrition (33%), severe anemia (17%), diabetes mellitus (13%), viral hepatitis B and C (5%), and HIV infection (3%). Of those patients, 95% were successfully managed and discharged from hospital. Seven patients had unfavorable discharge outcomes (three patients died and four had a worsened clinical condition). Comorbidities (diabetes, and/or HIV), severe anemia, pulmonary complications, cardiovascular disorders, alcohol abuse, and SAEs were associated with unfavorable discharge outcomes. Sixty-five percent of the patients had SAEs, with electrolyte imbalance (25%), gastrointestinal disease (18%), hepatotoxicity (16%), and anemia (14%) being the most frequent. Successful resolution occurred in 91% of patients with SAEs. In summary, our study documented that sick patients who were hospitalized with MDR-TB were well managed and had good hospital discharge outcomes, despite the fact that they had comorbidities, complications, and SAEs. This information should assist in the referral and management of such patients in the future.

Early identification, screening and investigation for tuberculosis (TB), and provision of TB preventive therapy (TPT), reduces risk of TB among child household contacts of pulmonary TB patients (index patients). A cohort study was conducted to describe the care cascade and timeliness of contact tracing and TPT initiation among child household contacts (aged < 15 years) of index patients initiated on TB treatment in Bishkek, the Kyrgyz Republic during October 2021-September 2022. In the register, information on the number of child household contacts was available for 153 (18%) of 873 index patients. Of 297 child household contacts identified, data were available for 285, of whom 261 (92%) were screened for TB. More than 50% were screened after 1 month of the index patient initiating TB treatment. TB was diagnosed in 23/285 (9%, 95% CI: 6-13%) children. Of 238 TB-free children, 130 (55%) were eligible for TPT. Of the latter, 64 (49%) were initiated on TPT, of whom 52 (81%) completed TPT. While TPT completion was excellent, there was deficiency in contact identification, timely screening and TPT initiation. Thus, healthcare providers should diligently request and record details of child household contacts, adhere to contact tracing timelines and counsel caregivers regarding TPT.

Introduction: MDR/RR-TB is a growing problem in Kyrgyzstan. In 2005, the country introduced standard or individualized treatment for 20-24 months. Because of poor treatment outcomes, in 2017 a short treatment with strict eligibility criteria was introduced. The aim of this study was to compare characteristics and treatment outcomes of MDR/RR-TB patients receiving short (9-12 months) treatment in 2017 with those receiving standard or individualized (20-24 months) treatment in 2016/2017., Methodology: A comparative cohort study using routine programmatic data. Characteristics, sputum culture conversion and treatment outcomes were compared between those on short treatment with those on standard/individualized treatment using the chi-square test, crude and adjusted risk ratios (RR and aRR)., Results: The study included 274, 82 and 132 patients on standard, individualized and short treatment, respectively. There were more females, fewer migrants/homeless and unemployed and more new TB patients on short treatment compared with the other two groups. A favorable outcome (cure and treatment completed) was significantly higher in short treatment patients (83%) compared with those on standard (50%) or individualized (59%) treatment (p < 0.001). There was higher 1-month sputum culture conversion with short treatment (35%) compared with the other two groups (19% and 24%, p < 0.05). Short treatment (aRR 1.6, 1.4-1.8), female gender (aRR 1.2, 1.1-1.4), not being homeless (aRR 12.9, 4.5-17.3) and having new TB (aRR 1.3, 1.0-1.5) were independently associated with a favorable outcome., Conclusions: The treatment success was higher in selected MDR-TB patients given short treatment in Kyrgyzstan: this regimen should be scaled-up to all MDR-TB patients., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2021 Elena Zhdanova, Olga Goncharova, Hayk Davtyan, Sevak Alaverdyan, Aelita Sargsyan, Anthony D Harries, Bolot Maykanaev.)

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem. The incidence of TB is especially high among TB key populations, such as the homeless, people who use drugs, prisoners, and migrants. The study aimed to assess the associations between affiliation to TB key populations and treatment outcome., Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional study used data extracted from the National TB Registry of Kyrgyzstan for the region of Chuy (including the city of Bishkek) for 2015-2017. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations., Results: The study included 1,526 patients among whom more than half (52.5%) fell into the youngest group (18-35 years old). Migrants were the most highly represented group comprising 67.8% of all TB key populations. Men (63.0%) and patients with pulmonary TB (83.0%) prevailed in the cohort. The proportions of patients who had completed the treatment were high among all the key populations. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between affiliation to a certain TB key population and the TB treatment outcome. Patients who belonged to more than one TB key population were found to have the highest risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes, both in the region of Chuy (OR = 9.9, 95% CI 2.0-48.1, p = 0.04) and the city of Bishkek (OR = 24.9, 95% CI 7.2-86.4, p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The homeless, people who use drugs, ex-prisoners, and TB patients who belonged to more than one TB key population were found to have higher risks of unsuccessful TB treatment outcome in comparison to migrants., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2020 Aruuke Kozhoyarova, Aelita Sargsyan, Olga Goncharova, Abdullaat Kadyrov.)

Introduction: WHO End TB Strategy aims at achieving targets of 90% mortality reduction and 80% reduction in tuberculosis (TB) incidence by 2030, recommending better addressing TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) issues in key populations., Aim: The study aimed at having a snapshot of the epidemiological characteristics of the key populations among the new TB patients, registered in Tajikistan during 2017., Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted, using official TB registration data for all new TB case notification in Tajikistan in 2017., Results: The key population included 1,029 (19.8%) patients among all 5,182 new TB cases registered in 2017. The following selected sub-populations were identified: migrant workers - 728 (70.7%), diabetics - 162 (15.7%), HIV-positive - 138 (13.4%), heavy drinkers - 74 (7.2%), drug users - 50 (4.8%), ex-prisoners - 50 (4.8%), and homeless - 9 (0.9%). Among the key population, 307 (29.8%) patients were smear-positive, 145 (14.1%) were drug-sensitive and 116 (11.3%) had MonoDR/MDR-TB. Time to treatment initiation for smear-positive cases was ≤ 5 days for 303 (98.7%) patients. Being a key population was inversely related to gender (female) (OR = 0.25, 95% CI (0.21, 0.29)) and population type (rural) (OR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.55, 0.74))., Conclusion: Among the key population the identified overlaps of selected sub-populations would enable more efficiently reaching the certain groups. TB case detection at PHC levels needs to be targeted for improved rates for key population detection. In the key population sub-group of migrant workers' special migration destinations are recommended to be explored and find out possible associations with drug resistance., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2020 Zulfiya Tilloeva, Seda Aghabekyan, Karapet Davtyan, Olga Goncharova, Olim Kabirov, Bobojon Pirmahmadzoda, Asliddin Rajabov, Azamdzhon Mirzoev, Garry Aslanyan.)

The paper presents three datasets obtained by electrochemical quartz microbalance technique which was applied to studies of conducting polymer film in contact with non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The first dataset describes the calibration procedure of gold-coated quartz crystal, immersed in acetonitrile silver ion-containing electrolyte, by means of silver layer electrodeposition. On the basis of experimentally measured dependence of the resonance frequency on the varying electrode mass in the course of electrochemical silver deposition/dissolution, the calibration coefficient was found to be equal to 13.6 ng/Hz. The second dataset has been collected when thus calibrated EQCM cell was used for determination of the mass change due to the polypyrrole film growth during anodic oxidation of pyrrole monomer from its acetonitrile solution. Its treatment reveals the proportionality between the mass change and the charge spent for pyrrole electrooxidation, the proportionality coefficient being 53.5 g per mole of electrons. The third dataset contains EQCM measurement data during repetitive charge-discharge treatment of the deposited polypyrrole film (cyclic voltammetry, CV) in monomer-free electrolyte. Collected data shows that continuous cycling of the polymer film leads to progressive increase of the cation-exchange contribution to the total ion flux which maintains the film's electroneutrality during variation of its redox state. These findings might be useful both for a qualitative consideration of the cycling stability of polypyrrole in non-aqueous medium and for a quantitative mathematical modelling of polypyrrole electropolymerization and its redox transformations., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

The Aim: To identify the leading pathogenetic factors of dental caries in children with celiac disease., Material and Methods: The study included 48 children with a confirmed diagnosis of celiac disease at the age of 8-16 years. All the children were examined by a dentist, the oral cavity was sanitized, recommendations for oral care were given. All children followed a gluten-free diet and brushed their teeth at least once a day. The control group consisted of children (27 people) at the same age who did not have celiac disease. It was found that children with celiac disease have high rates of dental caries in comparison with children without this disease., Results and Conclusion: The leading pathogenetic factors affecting the hard tissues of the teeth is a lack of vitamin D, a high titer of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and a low salivation rate.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are lymphomas that contain CD30-expressing tumor cells and have numerous pathological similarities. Whereas ALCL is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, cHL more frequently presents with localized disease. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the different clinical presentation of ALCL and cHL. Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression were similar in primary ALCL and cHL cases apart from the known overexpression of the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells of cHL. Consistent with the overexpression of these chemokines, primary cHL cases encountered a significantly denser T cell microenvironment than ALCL. Additionally to differences in the interaction with their microenvironment, cHL cell lines presented a lower and less efficient intrinsic cell motility than ALCL cell lines, as assessed by time-lapse microscopy in a collagen gel and transwell migration assays. We thus propose that the combination of impaired basal cell motility and differences in the interaction with the microenvironment hamper the dissemination of HRS cells in cHL when compared with the tumor cells of ALCL.

Follicular T cell lymphoma is derived from follicular T-helper cells. In many cases, neoplastic T cells form rosettes around Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells, which can lead to the misdiagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. The aim of the present study was to obtain a better understanding of this rosetting phenomenon and to recognize features that are helpful in the differential diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Sixteen mostly elderly follicular T cell lymphoma patients (mean 66 years) were analyzed. Fifteen of the 16 follicular T cell lymphoma cases presented with Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells, which were CD20-positive in 27% of the cases and Epstein-Barr virus-infected in nearly all cases. Frequently, the immunophenotype of rosetting neoplastic T cells differed from the bulk neoplastic cells with less numerous T-follicular helper cell markers expressed, suggesting a modulation of T-follicular helper cell marker expression in the neoplastic T cells. In 75% of the cases, variable CD30 expression was encountered in the neoplastic T cells, likely reflecting an activation state in these cells. Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells were positive for CCL17, and follicular T cell lymphoma tumor cells expressed its receptor CCR4 at variable intensity, thus potentially explaining the phenomenon of the tumor cells' rosetting around Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells. In summary, this study confirms the presence of Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells in a high number of cases of follicular T cell lymphoma, suggesting that Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells may contribute to the development of this lymphoma. Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg-like cells in follicular T cell lymphoma cannot reliably be differentiated from the Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma based on their immunophenotype. In contrast, demonstration of a T-follicular helper cell phenotype with CD10 and frequent CD30 expression in the neoplastic T cell population can help to establish the diagnosis of follicular T cell lymphoma, and may even indicate CD30 as a therapeutic target for these patients.

The article presents the literature and original data on the problems of falls in elderly patients. The connection of the fact of falling with initiation of therapy by a number of drugs known to have a negative impact on the risk of falling is considered. The article presents data on the frequency and structure of falls on the example of patients with cardiovascular diseases older than 75 years, treated in a multidisciplinary hospital. The analysis of the data showed a tendency of prevalence of the fact of falling in 1/3 patients (33,8%) in the first 5 days of hospital stay, which may be associated with high drug burden and the appointment of «new» drugs for the patient. The study noted that it was on the first day that the selection of therapy took place and additional drugs were often prescribed, leading to a state of polypragmasia. Analysis of individual groups of drugs was able to reliably confirm the relationship between the appointment of drugs that increase.

Increased oxidative stress has been suggested to initiate and promote tumorigenesis by inducing DNA damage and to suppress tumor development by triggering apoptosis and senescence. The contribution of individual cell types in the tumor microenvironment to these contrasting effects remains poorly understood. We provide evidence that during intestinal tumorigenesis, myeloid cell-derived H 2 O 2 triggers genome-wide DNA mutations in intestinal epithelial cells to stimulate invasive growth. Moreover, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in myeloid cells initiates tumor growth in various organs also in the absence of a carcinogen challenge in a paracrine manner. Our data identify an intricate crosstalk between myeloid cell-derived ROS molecules, oxidative DNA damage, and tumor necrosis factor α-mediated signaling to orchestrate a tumor-promoting microenvironment causing invasive cancer., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early medieval times. This expansion-mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans-resulted in the incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation (0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was predominantly shaped in situ, and we detect two different substrata: 'central-east European' for West and East Slavs, and 'south-east European' for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.

A total of 39 patients presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media were examined and treated based at the Department of Otorhinolaringology, Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. The results of the study indicate that a group of patients treated with the use of platelet-enriched autogenous plasma simultaneously with sanation surgery and tympanoplasty underwent accelerated healing of the postoperative cavity and restoration of hearing compared with the patients who received the traditional treatment.