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The concern of consumers for healthier food products grows more and more. Therefore, it is extremely challenging for the food industry to find ways to satisfy this new market niche through new processes and products that use less or anyone chemical additives and at the same time have better nutritional characteristics. Breads are among the most consumed bakery products worldwide. Originally, they were produced by natural fermentation, a process capable of providing more flavor and increasing its shelf life. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of sourdough breads with a Brazilian natural fruit pulp, called araticum. Natural starter was evaluated for lactic acid bacteria count and pH. The breads were evaluated regarding specific volume, instrumental color, water activity, moisture content, instrumental texture, antioxidant capacity, pH and total titratable acidity, slices images and sensory properties. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means (HSD Tukey test) with 95 % of confidence. The sourdough breads with araticum fruit pulp showed a lower specific volume and higher crumb firmness, antioxidant activity and acceptance by the consumers, when compared to the standard formulation. These results suggest that natural fermentation is a promising technology to be used, resulting in a commercially viable product. Con la creciente preocupación de los consumidores en obtener productos saludables, la industria debe encontrar formas de satisfacer este nuevo nicho de mercado por medio de nuevos procesos y productos que utilizan menos aditivos y tengan mejores características nutricionales. Los panes son uno de los productos más consumidos en todo el mundo, producidos originalmente con la fermentación natural, un proceso capaz de proporcionar más sabor y aroma al producto y aumentar su vida útil. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la producción y aplicación de fermentación natural en la preparación de panes con la adición de pulpa de araticum. La levadura natural fue evaluada por la puntuación de las bacterias lácticas y el pH. Los panes fueron evaluados por volumen específico, color instrumental, actividad del agua, humedad, textura instrumental, pH y acidez titulable total, capacidad antioxidante, los cortes fueran evaluados por imagen y fue realizada la evaluación sensorial. Los resultados se evaluaron estadísticamente mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y comparación de medias (prueba de Tukey) con un 95% de fiabilidad. Se demostró que los panes con fermentación natural y adición de pulpa de fruta tienen menor volumen, mayor firmeza, mayor actividad antioxidante y la aceptación del consumidor fue similar a la formulación estándar. Estos resultados sugieren que esta es una tecnología prometedora para ser utilizada y un producto comercialmente viable. A preocupação dos consumidores por produtos alimentícios mais saudáveis cresce cada dia mais. Sendo assim, é extremamente desafiador para a indústria de alimentos encontrar maneiras de satisfazer esse novo nicho de mercado, por meio de novos processos e produtos que utilizem menos ou eliminam os aditivos químicos e que ao mesmo tempo possuam melhores características nutricionais. Os pães estão entre os produtos de panificação mais consumidos mundialmente. Originalmente eram produzidos por fermentação natural, um processo capaz de fornecer mais sabor e aroma ao produto e aumentar o tempo de conservação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produção e aplicação da fermentação natural na elaboração de pães de forma com adição de polpa de araticum. O fermento natural foi avaliado quanto à contagem de bactérias láticas e pH. Os pães foram avaliados em relação ao volume específico, à cor instrumental, à atividade de água, à umidade, à textura instrumental, ao pH e acidez total titulável, à capacidade antioxidante, à avaliação de imagem das fatias e às propriedades sensoriais. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA) e comparação de médias (teste de Tukey HSD) com confiabilidade de 95 %. Os pães com fermentação natural e adição de polpa de araticum demonstraram ter menor volume específico e maiores firmeza, capacidade antioxidante e aceitação sensorial pelos consumidores, quando comparados à formulação padrão. Os resultados sugerem que a fermentação natural é uma tecnologia promissora para ser utilizada resultando em um produto comercialmente viável.

Introduction: Whipple’s disease is a rare, chronic, systemic disease caused by the actinomycete Tropheryma whipplei. Clinical manifestations vary widely depending on the affected system, the most common being the digestive tract. Case Presentation: The authors report the case of a 52-year-old man with malabsorption syndrome, diarrhea, marked weight loss, melanoderma, and visual and proprioception disorders. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of a proximal small bowel biopsy and peripheral-blood PCR identification of T. whipplei confirmed the disease. The patient was initially treated with intravenous ceftriaxone, followed by oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with significant clinical improvement. Conclusions: This case is reported due to its rarity and the diagnostic challenge it presents. Although uncommon, Whipple’s disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome due to its systemic impact and possible treatment with targeted antibiotic therapy.

O artigo investiga três filmes do diretor brasileiro Kleber Mendonça Filho, Vinil Verde (2004), O Som ao Redor (2012) e Aquarius (2016), buscando identificar, por meio da análise fílmica, o uso de elementos característicos do gênero cinematográfico do horror em diferentes momentos destas três obras. A recorrência destes elementos nos filmes do diretor e o modo como eles se relacionam com outros regimes de representação localizam essa produção dentro de uma tendência cinematográfica contemporânea já apontada por pesquisadores como Cánepa (2013). This article uses film analysis to investigate three films by Brazilian director Kleber Mendonça Filho, Vinil Verde (2004), O Som ao Redor (2012) and Aquarius (2016), in order to identify the use of elements characteristic of the horror genre. The recurrence of these elements in the director’s films and the way they relate to other representation regimes situates this production within a contemporary cinematographic trend already pointed out by researchers such as Cánepa (2013).

RESUMO Considerando que a participação das mulheres no esporte tem evidenciado desigualdade e assimetria de gênero nas várias funções e âmbitos de atuação, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar como a hegemonia dos homens na função de treinador é negociada e contestada por mulheres que ocupam esta posição. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 37 treinadoras portuguesas que atuam em esporte individuais e coletivos. Os resultados indicam que a presença no cargo de treinadora não garante uma contestação a esta hegemonia. O caráter generificado atribuído à esta ocupação promove situações discriminatórias que exigem das mulheres ações de empoderamento e agência para que possam modificar estruturas que tendem a perpetuar sua sub-representação. ABSTRACT The participation of women in sports is the subject of analysis of several studies that continuously evidence inequality and asymmetry in relation to men in the different spheres of activity within this field. The objective of this study is to comprehend male hegemony as coaches and how it is accepted and/or contested in the sports environment by identifying attitudes that incorporate this male dominance or that contradict and resist it. The sample of this study is composed of interviews with 37 Portuguese female coaches in both individual and team sports. The results indicate that the presence of women in leadership positions in sports, such as of head coach, does not ensure in itself an objection to male hegemony. It becomes necessary that women incorporate the concept of “agency” in order to identify and implement strategies that resist and consequently change the patriarchal structures that perpetuate the underrepresentation of women in coaching sports.

Genus Paraphelliactis Carlgren, 1928 Diagnosis (after Carlgren 1949 and Li & Xu 2016; modifications in italics) Hormathiidae with well-developed pedal disc. Column divisible into scapus and scapulus, the former strongly tuberculated and provided with a thick cuticle. Sphincter mesogleal, alveolar. Tentacles arranged in five or more cycles, more than or almost equal to mesenteries at the limbus, with or without mesogleal thickenings on the aboral side. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal, radial muscles of oral disc ectodermal or more or less mesogleal. Two well developed siphonoglyphs. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in five cycles, usually six pairs perfect and sterile, last cycle incomplete or complete. Retractors of mesenteries diffuse and weak. Parietobasilar muscles weak. Acontia well developed. No cinclides. Cnidom: Robust and gracile spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores. Type species: Paraphelliactis spinosa Carlgren, 1928, Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on page 560, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Carlgren, O. (1928) Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \" Valdivia \" 1898 - 1899, 22, 125 - 266. [reprint 1 - 144]","Carlgren, O. (1949) A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1, 1 - 121.","Li, Y. & Xu, K. (2016) Paraphelliactis tangi n. sp. and Phelliactis yapensis n. sp., two new deep-sea species of Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from a seamount in the tropical Western Pacific. Zootaxa, 4072 (3), 358 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4072.3.5"]}

Phelliactis sp. (Fig. 2D, 6A,E-F, Table 6) Material examined: MNRJ 9094. (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83-2 (04° 27.0256’S, 036° 25.6086’W), May 21, 2011, 1896–1931 m. Description. Tall, cylindrical, cream-colored body, somewhat asymmetrical, 13.5 cm high by 6.5 cm width on its longest axis. A big manganese nodule was retained almost completely inside the body, forming a distinct cavity at the base with half the height of the sea anemone (Fig. 6A). The pedal disc was very damaged and mesenteries and associated structures at the aboral side printed on the rock when it was removed for further observation. Column divisible into a smooth, light pink scapulus, withdrawn due to contraction of the oral disc, and a thick, tuberculated scapus. Between 150 and 160 flat to conical tubercles, some with pointed tips, forming longitudinal and transverse rows (Fig. 6E). Oral disc large, bilobed. Approximately 140 short, thin, threadlike tentacles distributed in two marginal cycles. Deep actinopharynx, about two-thirds the length of the body. Two large siphonoglyphs, each attached to a pair of directive mesenteries. Five cycles of mesenteries at the mid-column. Mesenteries are less numerous at the oral side, where four cycles are observed near the oral disc. First and second cycles perfect, including directives, other cycles imperfect. Retractor muscles weak and diffuse (Fig. 6F). Longitudinal muscle of tentacles ectodermal. Radial muscles of the oral disc meso-ectodermal, stronger over the exocoels than over the endocoels. Mesogleal marginal sphincter, alveolar, weak, stratified in the upper portion of the column, where it forms a broader band but abruptly tapering downwards showing scattered and elongated alveoli in longitudinal rows. Acontia rare and small. No gametogenic tissue observed. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Table 6). Remarks. Seven species of Phelliactis are registered in the South Atlantic Ocean (data from Ocean Biogeographic Information System- https://obis.org/), but only three of them are known from Brazil: Ph. capricornis, Ph. pelophila, and Ph. robusta (present study). The correct identification of species for this genus requires caution and a minute analysis (Doumenc 1975), which was not possible with the material at hand. Nonetheless, we find it to be distinct from the other Phelliactis species found in the studied area. For example, Ph. robusta, possesses strictly six pairs of perfect mesenteries and also differs from Phelliactis sp. in coloration and thickness of the column., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 568-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Doumenc, D. (1975) Actinies bathyales et abyssales de l'ocean Atlantique nord. Familles des Hormathiidae (genres Paracalliactis et Phelliactis) et des Actinostolidae (genres Actinoscyphia et Sicyonis). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 197, 157 - 204."]}

Phelliactis robusta Carlgren, 1928 (Fig. 2C, 6D, Table 5) Phelliactis robusta Carlgren 1928; 1942; Riemann-Zürneck 1973; Doumenc, 1975; Fautin et al. 2005. Material examined. MNRJ 9093 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 82-2 (04° 33.1742’S, 036° 15.0847’W), May 20, 2011, 2030–2074 m. MOUFPE-CNI 867 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 82-2 (04° 33.1742’S, 036° 15.0847’W), May 20, 2011, 2030–2074 m. LC 152 (three specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 82-2 (04° 33.1742’S, 036° 15.0847’W), May 20, 2011, 2030–2074 m. Description. Large sea anemones, with specimens reaching 111.6 mm high and 33.7 to 59.4 mm wide. Pedal disc well developed, wrapping rocks or glass sponge threads (Fig. 6D). Column very thick, divided into scapus and scapulus. Scapus provided with very thick, polyhedric, sometimes flat tubercles, that form well-marked furrows where the thin cuticle can be seen. Scapulus strongly tuberculated, with tubercles irregularly arranged and decreasing in size towards the oral disc. No cinclides. Oral disc large, bilobed and asymmetrical. Tentacles large and threadlike, with mesogleal thickenings at the base, measuring approximately 11 mm in length. Tentacles nearly 130 in number, arranged in five marginal cycles. Two siphonoglyphs, each attached to a pair of directive mesenteries. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in five cycles (6+6+12+24+48), more numerous at the base, where they are approximately 150 in number. First cycle perfect and sterile, other cycles imperfect. Gametogenic tissue from the second to fourth cycle of mesenteries. Marginal sphincter mesogleal, alveolar, positioned near the endodermal side. Retractor muscles weak and diffuse. Longitudinal musculature of tentacles ectodermal. Parietobasilar muscles poorly developed. Acontia present. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Table 5). Remarks. The specimens in this study were collected at depths greater than 2000 meters, which is consistent with the bathymetry known for the species, which may reach over 2400 m depth (Molodtsova et al. 2008). The largest individual was attached to a rock and a smaller one was attached to branches of a hexactinellid sponge (Fig. 6D). Several foraminifera species, as well as Diacria sp. shells and sponge spicules, were found inside the gastric cavity of these specimens. Riemann-Zürneck (1973) was the first author to present the cnidom of the column for the species, reporting the absence of microbasic p -mastigophores, often found in other Phelliactis species. We also did not find such cnidae in the column of our specimens and the description of our samples perfectly matches those of Riemann-Zürneck (1973) and Doumenc (1975) for specimens from the North Atlantic. Geographic distribution. Phelliactis robusta is in the Eastern North Atlantic Ocean from depths as great as 2100m (Van Praet et al. 1990). We register the species for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean (Potiguar Basin, RN, Brazil)., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 567-568, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Carlgren, O. (1928) Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer \" Valdivia \" 1898 - 1899, 22, 125 - 266. [reprint 1 - 144]","Carlgren, O. (1942) Actiniaria II. Danish Ingolf - Expedition, 5 (12), 1 - 92","Riemann-Zurneck, K. (1973) Actiniaria des Sudwestatlantik I. Hormathiidae. Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters, 25, 273 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611200","Doumenc, D. (1975) Actinies bathyales et abyssales de l'ocean Atlantique nord. Familles des Hormathiidae (genres Paracalliactis et Phelliactis) et des Actinostolidae (genres Actinoscyphia et Sicyonis). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 197, 157 - 204.","Fautin, D. G., Daly, M. & Cappola, V. (2005) Sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) of the Faroe Islands: a preliminary list and biogeographic context. BIOFAR Proceedings, 2005, 77 - 87.","Molodtsova, T. N., Sanamyan, N. P. & Keller, N. B. (2008) Anthozoa from the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), 112 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701821744","Van Praet, M., Rice, A. L. & Thurston, M. H. (1990) Reproduction in two deep-sea anemones (Actiniaria); Phelliactis hertwigi and P. robusta. Progress in Oceanography, 24 (1 - 4), 207 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0079 - 6611 (90) 90031 - V"]}

Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. (Figs. 2A, 3–5, Tables 1–3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 72B664B0-6E14-4610-99FF-42374AD8B8F1 Material examined. Holotype: MNRJ 9095 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT84 (04° 25.8308’ S, 036° 37.3678’ W), May 6, 2011, 1964-2045m. Paratypes: MOUFPE- CNI 868 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057m. LC 141 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057m Description. External morphology (Figs. 2A, 3). Column 11 mm to 84 mm in height and 12 mm to 99 mm in width (Figs. 2A, 3 A–B). Body cylindrical, wider than tall. Color a pure white in most of the column, abruptly changing to pale pink towards the aboral side. Base spreads beyond a tapered end but never exceeds the maximum diameter of the animal, hence the body takes a very singular cup shape no matter its size. Column divisible into a strongly tuberculated scapus and a short, smooth scapulus, without cinclides. Tubercles of the scapus conical, pointed, some with very flat with tips withdrawn and longitudinal grooves, not ordered in rows (Fig. 3 A–B). Tubercles are larger at midcolumn and towards the upper scapus, although smaller tubercles are also present near the limbus and at the scapus-scapulus boundary (Fig. 3C). A yellowish cuticle visible between the tubercles in some places. Scapulus thin and concealed due to the retraction of the oral disc. Endocoelic and exocoelic spaces visible as rays running from scapulus to mouth. Oral disc bilobed and broad, with a central oval mouth; mouth remains wide open. Lobes of oral disc unequal in size, usually overlapping (Fig. 3B). Tentacles slender, short, about 140 in number, without basal mesogleal thickenings, arranged in five peripheral cycles hidden inside the terminal fold of the scapus. Those of the inner cycles longer than those of the outer cycles. In the smaller individual, tentacles number approximately 90, with some clearly missing. Internal anatomy (Fig. 4). Two deep siphonoglyphs each attached to a pair of directives (Fig. 4C). Slender mesenteries, hexamerously arranged in five cycles (6+6+12+n+n). First three cycles complete, with all mesenteries present. In counterpart, fourth and fifth cycles incomplete, with the number of mesenteries varying among individuals, but always fewer than expected for a regular hexamerous arrangement. More mesenteries distally than proxi- mally. In the smaller individual, there are 80 near the margin, and 72 at the base level and in the larger individual there are approximately 100 at the margin and 78 to 81 at the limbus. Mesenterial filaments more developed on the older mesenteries than on younger ones. The incomplete fourth and fifth cycles have very small mesenteries. The last one is visible as tiny, unpaired projections, merely breaking through the mesoglea and present throughout the column (Fig. 4 D-E). Mesoglea of equal thickness in both endocoelic and exocoelic spaces at the oral disc region. Sphincter mesogleal, weak, restricted to the central part of the mesoglea where it occupies about a quarter of its space at the upper portion but abruptly tapers downwards (Fig. 4A). Muscular processes of the sphincter form somewhat sparse, not very marked bands, tending to align vertically. Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles weak, ectodermal (Fig. 4B). Retractor weak, diffuse, stronger at the distal part of the mesenteries (Fig. 4D). Parietobasilar muscles weak. Radial musculature of the oral disc ectodermal. Acontia present but rare, probably associated with the second cycle of mesenteries. No gametogenic tissues found. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Fig. 5, Table 2). Type locality. Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Biological characteristics. Individuals originally attached to manganese nodules or slivers of wood (Fig. 3D). Etymology. The specific epithet “labiata” (from Latin: lips) alludes to the bilobed appearance of the oral disc, resembling a set of lips. Taxonomic remarks. The presence of a thick cuticle covering most of the body wall has been reported from all species of Paraphelliactis. Although small fragments of a yellowish cuticle were observed in our specimens, these fragments were few and restricted to the limbus and some cracks between the tubercles. The almost complete lack of cuticle could be explained by high abrasion from sediment, due to the method of collection. Carlgren (1949) stated that Paraphelliactis probably possess more tentacles than mesenteries at the base. An interesting feature not mentioned by Carlgren’s key (1949) but reported for most of Paraphelliactis species is the occurrence of an incomplete fifth cycle of mesenteries (except for Pa. tangi Li & Xu, 2016, which exhibits all five cycles complete). Li & Xu (2016) describe a small paratype for Pa. tangi, with only four cycles of mesenteries. However, this last cycle is fully complete, corroborating the distinct pattern of mesenterial development for the species and showing that the total numbers of such structures may vary according to the individual life stages. Although all our specimens differ in size and development, they have identical body shapes and share the same mesenterial arrangement pattern (five cycles with the last two incomplete), due to this is very unlikely that Pa. labiata is a juvenile of another species of the genus. Comparison of Pa. labiata n. sp. with other species of Paraphelliactis The type species of Paraphelliactis, Pa. spinosa Carlgren, 1928, and the later-described Pa. michaelsarsi Carlgren, 1934, were originally recorded for the North Atlantic Ocean. Two more species were registered from the Pacific Ocean, Pa. pabista Dunn, 1982 from the west coast of North America and Pa. tangi, collected near the Yap Trench at the western Pacific, totaling four valid species within the genus. This newly described species differs from its congeners in having the last two cycles of mesenteries incomplete, rather than just the fifth. In addition, the number of tentacles combined with the arrangement of the tubercles, and also the absence of basal thickenings in the tentacles differentiates the new species from its congeners (see Table 3). Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. does not exhibit the characteristic hooked tubercles of Pa. spinosa. Although well detailed, the original description of Pa. michaelsarsi was of a single specimen in very poor preservation, and is therefore limited in some aspects, as pointed by the author himself (Carlgren, 1934). Nonetheless, Pa. labiata n. sp. differs from Pa. michaelsarsi by the presence of a smaller category of nematocysts (basitrichs) in the actinopharynx and tentacles and by possessing a very clear differentiation between the scapus and scapulus region vs. indistinct differentiation of the column in Pa. michaelsarsi. Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp. can be easily distinguished from Pa. pabista on the arrangement of the tubercles (not arranged in rows vs. arranged in rows in the latter). Our new species share a few characters with the lately described Pa. tangi (e.g. the absence of mesogleal thickenings at the base of the tentacles), but the latter is distinct from all the other species of Paraphelliactis, including Pa. labiata, in having an equal number of mesenteries throughout the column and a complete fifth cycle of mesenteries.

Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918) (Figs. 2B, 6 B-C, Table 4) Paractis vestita Gravier, 1918 Monactis vestita: Riemann-Zürneck 1986; Zamponi & Acuña 1992; White et al. 1999; Deserti et al. 2012 Material examined. MNRJ 9082 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station Teste1000 (04° 9.3700’S, 036° 50.5998’W), April 30, 2011, 890– 900 m. MNRJ 9090 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 62 (04° 44.1888’S, 036° 24.9309’W), May 7, 2011, 425– 448 m. MOUFPE-CNI 869 (ten specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station Teste1000 (04° 9.3700’S, 036° 50.5998’W), April 30, 2011, 890– 900 m. MOUFPE-CNI 870 (eleven specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 62 (04° 44.1888’S, 036° 24.9309’W), May 7, 2011, 425– 448 m. MOUFPE-CNI 871 (four specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 84 (04° 25.8308’S, 036° 37.3678’W), May 6, 2011, 1964–2045 m. MOUFPE-CNI 872 (three specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 72 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 7, 2011, 897– 908 m. MOUFPE-CNI 873 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83 (04° 28.3642’S, 036° 24.7602’W), May 4, 2011, 1880–1950 m. LC 142 (eight specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station Teste1000 (04° 9.3700’S, 036° 50.5998’W), April 30, 2011, 890– 900 m. LC 143 (eleven specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 62 (04° 44.1888’S, 036° 24.9309’W), May 7, 2011, 425– 448 m. LC 144 (eleven specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 63 (04° 41.7490’S, 036° 31.1670’W), May 8, 2011, 375– 383 m. LC 145 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 72 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 7, 2011, 897– 908 m. LC 146 (four specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 74 (04° 34.1484’S, 036° 41.6035’W), May 7, 2011, 902– 1073 m. LC 147 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 81 (04° 39.3740’S, 036° 4.6810’W), May 6, 2011, 1960–2003 m. LC 148 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83 (04° 28.3642’S, 036° 24.7602’W), May 4, 2011, 1880–1950 m. LC 149 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 83-2 (04° 27.0256’S, 036° 25.6086’W), May 21, 2011, 1896–1931 m. LC 150 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 84 (04° 25.8308’S, 036° 37.3678’W), May 6, 2011, 1964– 2045 m. LC 151 (one specimen), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT 85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2025–2057 m. Description. Column cylindrical and smooth, without any projections and not divided into regions. Body often very short and broad due to the distension of the pedal disc (Fig. 6B). Polyps ranging from 2 mm to 9 mm in height and exceeding 40 mm in diameter. Oral disc withdrawn, visible only in cross sections. Thirty-two tentacles, conical, not very long, tapering to a pointed tip and arranged in two regular cycles (16+16). Tentacles of the inner cycle lon- ger than those of the outer one. No cinclides. Two siphonoglyphs, each attached to a pair of directives. Mesenteries, gametogenic tissue and other inner structures perfectly visible through the thin, distended column. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles (6 + 6 + 12 + 24) (Fig. 6C). Only the first cycle perfect and bearing acontia. Acontia small and rare, paler than the mesenterial filaments, lacking completely in some specimens. Specimens with only male or female gametogenic tissue. Sphincter strong, mesogleal, alveolar. Longitudinal muscle of the tentacles ectodermal. Retractor strong and diffuse. Individuals attached to octocoral branches, rocks, or mollusk shells. Cnidom. Spirocysts, Basitrichs, Microbasic p -mastigophores (Table 4). Remarks. Some individuals have the column remarkably distended, especially those attached to big rocks, where the pedal disc sometimes extends beyond its borders, contracting the rest of the column considerably (Fig. 6B). White et al. (1999) indicated high variability of the polyp appearance corresponding to the type of substrata where it is found. In this study, the authors hypothesized that M. vestita is only associated with snails shells in the Pacific Ocean, since previous records in the Atlantic Ocean found it only attached to stones. However, the species have been collected by-catch in Uruguay associated with banks of bivalves (Deserti et al. 2012), and we register for the first time M. vestita on Fissidentalium meridionale scaphopod shells, as well as on those of Drillia sp. (empty shells), supporting the high adaptability of this species to different benthic communities. Regarding the cnidom, we also found two types of spirocysts on tentacles (gracile and robust) similar to White et al. (1999), but unlike them we found three size classes of basitrichs in the tentacles, similar to Riemann-Zürneck (1986). We give the first comprehensive cnidom for specimens from Atlantic Ocean. M. vestita has a large bathymetric range from 200m (recorded in Argentina) to more than 5000m (in northeastern Atlantic Ocean). Geographic distribution. Atlantic Ocean: northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Venezuela, Uruguay and Argentina (Gravier 1918; Riemann-Zürneck 1986;, Zamponi & Acuña 1992; Deserti et al. 2012). Pacific Ocean: Oregon (White et al. 1999). This study registers M. vestita for the first time in the Brazilian coast (Bacia Potiguar, RN)., Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on pages 565-567, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Gravier, C. (1918) Note preliminaire sur les hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 346, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8664","Riemann-Zurneck, K. (1986) Zur Biogeographie des Sudwestatlantik mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Seeanemonen (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Helgolalander Meeresuntersuchungen, 40, 91 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01987291","Zamponi, M. O. & Acuna, F. H. (1992) Sobre las caracteristicas gonadales de Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918), Sensu Riemann- Zurneck, 1986 (Actiniaria, Hormathiidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoology, 72, 151 - 152.","White, T. R., Wakefield Pagels, A. K. & Fautin, D. G. (1999) Abyssal sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) of the northeast Pacific symbiotic with molluscs: Anthosactis nomados, a new species, and Monactis vestita (Gravier, 1918). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 112 (4), 637 - 651.","Deserti, M. I., Zamponi, M. O. & Riestra, G. (2012) Las anemonas de mar (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria) de la plataforma continental uruguaya. Revista Real Academia Galega de Ciencias, 31, 115 - 136."]}

Genus Monactis Riemann-Zürneck, 1986 Diagnosis (see Riemann-Zürneck, 1986) Type species: Paractis vestita Gravier, 1918, Published as part of De Melo, Yago A., Targino, Alessandra K. G. & Gomes, Paula B., 2020, New records of family Hormathiidae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from Brazilian coast with description of Paraphelliactis labiata n. sp., pp. 557-574 in Zootaxa 4766 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4766.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3765725, {"references":["Riemann-Zurneck, K. (1986) Zur Biogeographie des Sudwestatlantik mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Seeanemonen (Coelenterata: Actiniaria). Helgolalander Meeresuntersuchungen, 40, 91 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01987291","Gravier, C. (1918) Note preliminaire sur les hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, Monaco, 346, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8664"]}

The objective of this literature review is to highlight the main aspects of the fish's innate immune system, demonstrating the need for new alternatives for disease control, respecting the premise of sustainability, with the use of biologically active immunostimulants. In fish there is no presence of myeloid tissues or organs, the components of your immune system are classified only as lymphoids, and innate immunity is considered the organism's first line of defense against the pathogen. Thus, the use of food additives and immunostimulants help to improve the natural immune system of these animals. They can be synthetic, chemical or biological substances that induce the activation or increase of components of the immune system, thus providing early defense against diseases, and can be used as preventive treatment. Vegetable compounds, essential oils and bioactive plant strata have great potential, as they have proven antimicrobial and antiparasitic functions. Among them, garlic is considered one of the most effective, as it acts as a growth promoter, appetite stimulator, antimicrobial, antioxidant and immune stimulant, it also helps with hematological parameters and increases the well-being of fish, as well as the ability to improve meat quality and extend shelf life. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es resaltar los aspectos principales del sistema inmune innato de los peces, demostrando la necesidad de nuevas alternativas para el control de enfermedades, respetando la premisa de sostenibilidad, con el uso de inmunoestimulantes biológicamente activos. En los peces no hay presencia de tejidos u órganos mieloides, los componentes de su sistema inmunitario se clasifican solo como linfoides, es decir, la inmunidad innata, se considera la primera línea de defensa del organismo contra el patógeno. Por lo tanto, el uso de aditivos alimentarios e inmunoestimulantes ayuda a mejorar el sistema inmunológico natural de estos animales. Pueden ser sustancias sintéticas, químicas o biológicas que inducen la activación o el aumento de los componentes del sistema inmune, proporcionando así una defensa temprana contra enfermedades, y pueden usarse como tratamiento preventivo. Los compuestos vegetales, los aceites esenciales y los estratos de plantas bioactivas tienen un gran potencial, ya que tienen funciones antimicrobianas y antiparasitarias comprobadas. Entre ellos, el ajo se considera uno de los más efectivos, ya que actúa como un promotor del crecimiento, estimulador del apetito, antimicrobiano, antioxidante e inmunoestimulante, también ayuda con los parámetros hematológicos y aumenta el bienestar de los peces, así como la capacidad de mejorar la calidad de la carne y extender la vida útil. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é evidenciar os principais aspectos do sistema imune inato dos peixes demonstrando a necessidade de novas alternativas para controle de enfermidades, respeitando a premissa da sustentabilidade, com o uso de imunoestimulantes biologicamente ativos. Nos peixes não há presença de tecidos ou órgãos mieloides, os componentes do seu sistema imune são classificados apenas como linfoides, ou seja, a imunidade inata, é considerada a primeira linha de defesa do organismo frente ao patógeno. Dessa forma, o uso de aditivos alimentares e imunoestimulantes auxiliam a melhorar o sistema imune natural desses animais. Podem ser substâncias sintéticas, químicas ou biológicas que induzem a ativação ou aumento de componentes do sistema imune, proporcionando assim defesa precoce contra enfermidades, podendo ser utilizado como tratamento preventivo. Os compostos vegetais, óleos essenciais e estrato de plantas bioativas tem grande potencial, pois possuem funções antimicrobianas e antiparasitária comprovadas. Dentre eles, o alho é apontado como um dos mais eficazes, por atuar como promotor de crescimento, estimulador de apetite, antimicrobiano, antioxidante e imune estimulante, ajuda ainda em parâmetros hematológicos e aumentando o bem-estar dos peixes, bem como, capacidade de melhorar a qualidade da carne e estender o tempo de prateleira.

Submitted by Joana Santos (jcsantos@esesjcluny.pt) on 2020-06-12T11:21:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 relatorio final versão 8.pdf: 26527 bytes, checksum: 58a6712e53675682177934a65542f67e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-12T11:21:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 relatorio final versão 8.pdf: 26527 bytes, checksum: 58a6712e53675682177934a65542f67e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-01-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes is a series of editorials which is published on a biannual basis by the Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal Molecules. In these editorials, we highlight in brief reports (of about one hundred words) a number of recently published articles that describe crucial findings, such as the discovery of novel drug targets and mechanisms of action or novel classes of drugs, which may inspire future medicinal chemistry endeavors devoted to addressing prime unmet medical needs.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-03-04T18:55:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paula_thamara_goecking_gomes.pdf: 2298066 bytes, checksum: d407d877ff5bec2863346d892b654e18 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2021-03-04T18:55:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paula_thamara_goecking_gomes.pdf: 2298066 bytes, checksum: d407d877ff5bec2863346d892b654e18 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-04T18:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) paula_thamara_goecking_gomes.pdf: 2298066 bytes, checksum: d407d877ff5bec2863346d892b654e18 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) O amido ? o ingrediente alimentar mais utilizado na ind?stria de alimento, principalmente pelas caracter?sticas de ser natural, abundante e de baixo custo. O amido resistente n?o ? digerido no trato gastrointestinal superior por ser resistente a hidr?lise pelas enzimas amilol?ticas, sendo fermentado no c?lon, liberando ?cidos graxos de cadeias curtas. Esse comportamento durante a digest?o caracteriza o amido resistente como fibra alimentar sol?vel, despertando o interesse por sua utiliza??o devido aos benef?cios ? sa?de. O amido resistente nativo ? inst?vel ?s condi??es de processamento como varia??es de temperatura e pH, umidade, press?o e for?a cisalhante. A extrus?o termopl?stica tem as vantagens de ser um processo r?pido e n?o gerar efluentes, funcionando como um reator para as rea??es f?sico-qu?micas, operando a baixa umidade e altas temperaturas. Os diferentes m?todos e processamentos alteram as propriedades funcionais do amido resistente sendo muito importante o estudo para definir as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas e o comportamento na matriz alimentar. Fibras alimentares tradicionais n?o s?o bem aceitas sensorialmente por tornar os produtos coesos, densos, menos saborosos e resultar em uma apar?ncia escura. Por outro lado, o amido resistente n?o altera o sabor, tem cor branca e part?culas pequenas, sendo capaz de melhorar a textura do produto e melhorando a sensa??o na boca. Produtos sem gl?ten s?o conhecidos por apresentarem baixa aceitabilidade sensorial e perfil nutricional deficiente, influenciando na qualidade de vida de cel?acos. O uso do amido resistente pode aumentar a ingest?o de fibras por esses indiv?duos e melhorar a qualidade dos produtos sem gl?ten. Para desenvolver alimentos sem gl?ten ? necess?rio ? utiliza??o de ingredientes capazes de promover as caracter?sticas da rede de gl?ten. Os hidrocoloides s?o capazes de melhorar a coes?o e o comportamento viscoel?stico de massas sem gl?ten atrav?s da forma??o de g?is. Dos produtos de panifica??o o mais consumido pelos cel?acos ? o biscoito, representando a maior fonte de carboidratos. Visto os desafios da ind?stria, o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir amido resistente tipo misto, e avaliar a sua aplica??o em biscoitos cream cracker sem gl?ten e sua intera??o com outros hidrocoloides. Foi realizada a produ??o de amido resistente misto pelo processo de extrus?o termopl?stica utilizando um Planejamento de Misturas Simplex Centroide com tr?s vari?veis independentes (?cidos but?rico, l?urico e este?rico). As vari?veis dependentes avaliadas foram propriedades de pasta e propriedades f?sico-qu?micas. A extrus?o termopl?stica demonstrou ser capaz de realizar a dextriniza??o das cadeias de amido, facilitando a forma??o dos amidos resistentes de diferentes tipos. A aus?ncia de cruz de malta no amido extrusado indica a total gelatiniza??o do amido e com isso, a poss?vel forma??o de amido resistente retrogradado (tipo 3). A espectroscopia no infravermelho mostra que ocorreu esterifica??o entre o amido e os ?cidos, formando amido resistente do tipo 4. A difra??o de raio-x mostrou que ocorreu a forma??o do amido resistente do tipo 5 atrav?s da altera??o na cristalinidade do tipo A para o tipo V. O ponto otimizado foi definido para produzir o maior teor de amido resistente, determinado em n?veis codificados em 0,44 de ?cido but?rico e 0,56 de ?cido este?rico com um rendimento de 27,40 % de amido resistente misto. Para avaliar o comportamento de hidrocoloides para produ??o de biscoitos cream cracker sem gl?ten foi realizado um Planejamento de Misturas Simplex Centroide com tr?s vari?veis independentes (amido resistente misto, goma xantana e ?gar) em substitui??o ? farinha de arroz. As vari?veis dependentes analisadas foram atividade de ?gua, umidade, volume espec?fico, dureza e fraturabilidade, cor instrumental e medidas das dimens?es dos biscoitos. O ponto otimizado foi definido para produzir biscoitos de qualidade, determinado em n?veis codificados em 0,86 de amido resistente e 0,14 de goma xantana. O biscoito elaborado apresentou aumento no volume espec?fico e na presen?a de fibras alimentares. Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2020. Starch is the most widely used food ingredient in the food industry, mainly due to its characteristics of being natural, abundant and low cost. Resistant starch is not digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract because it is resistant to hydrolysis by amylolytic enzymes, being fermented in the colon, releasing short-chain fatty acids. This behavior during digestion characterizes resistant starch as soluble dietary fiber, arousing interest in its use due to its health benefits. Native resistant starch is unstable under processing conditions such as temperature and pH changes, moisture content, pressure and shear force. Thermoplastic extrusion has the advantages of being a fast process and does not generate effluents, working as a reactor for physicochemical reactions, operating at low moisture and high temperatures. The different methods and processes alter the functional properties of the resistant starch and the study is very important to define the physical-chemical properties and the behavior in the food matrix. Traditional dietary fibers are not well accepted sensorially because they make the products cohesive, dense, less tasty and result in a dark appearance. On the other hand, the resistant starch does not alter the flavor, has a white color and small particles, being able to improve the texture of the product and improving the sensation in the mouth. Gluten-free products are known to have low sensory acceptability and deficient nutritional profile, influencing the quality of celiac life. The use of resistant starch can increase fiber intake by these individuals and improve the quality of gluten-free products. To develop gluten-free foods it is necessary to use ingredients capable of promoting the characteristics of the gluten network. Hydrocolloids can improve the cohesion and viscoelastic behavior of gluten-free doughs through the formation of gels. Of the bakery products, the most consumed by celiacs is the biscuit, representing the largest source of carbohydrates. In view of the industry challenges, the objective of this work was to produce multi-type resistant starch, and to evaluate its application in gluten-free cream crackers and its interaction with other hydrocolloids. Multi-type resistant starch was produced by the thermoplastic extrusion process using a Simplex Centroid Mixture Design with three independent variables (butyric, lauric and stearic acids). The dependent variables evaluated were pulp properties and physicochemical properties. Thermoplastic extrusion proved to be capable of dextrinizing starch chains, facilitating the formation of resistant starches of different types. The absence of a malta cross in the extruded starch indicates the total gelatinization of the starch and, therefore, the possible formation of retrograded resistant starch (type 3). Infrared spectroscopy shows that esterification occurred between starch and acids, forming resistant type 4 starch. X-ray diffraction showed that the formation of resistant type 5 starch succeeds through the change in type A crystallinity to type V. The optimal point was defined to produce the highest content of resistant starch, determined at levels encoded in 0.44 of butyric acid and 0.56 of stearic acid with a yield of 27.40 % of multi-type resistant starch. To evaluate the behavior of hydrocolloids to produce gluten-free cream cracker biscuits, a Simplex Centroid Mixture Design was carried out with three independent variables (multi-type resistant starch, xanthan gum and agar), replacing the rice flour. The dependent variables analyzed were water activity, moisture content, specific volume, hardness and fracturability, instrumental color and measurements of the biscuit?s dimensions. The optimal point was defined to produce biscuits with adequate quality, determined at encoded levels of 0.86 resistant starch and 0.14 xanthan gum. The prepared biscuit showed an increase in a specific volume and the presence of dietary fibers.