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Removing ice from surfaces typically requires melting. Nonetheless, authors demonstrate a smart low interfacial toughness coating integrated with underlying heaters and ice-detecting microwave sensors that enable energy efficient smart large-scale de-icing without melting.

The 18 O/16 O ratio of the subcontinental mantle has decreased by 0.2‰, while crustal values increased by 4‰ via fluid transfer since the Archean due to the initiation of plate tectonics and subduction, in line with the crust-upper mantle mass balance

Improving the population life quality has been declared a key priority of Russia’s state policy until 2030. The article considers the structure of strategic planning documents for national development goals managment, and also indicates the place of life quality among the main documents. A list of contradictions that hinder effective management of life quality has been identified. Among the contradictions, the author considers the problem of the lack of public databases on the regional population life quality dynamics, the estimation of life quality without monetary meters. The methodological basis of the study was the scientific physical and economic approach to measuring the life quality through complex non-monetary units of measurement, include using the social time budget. The author introduced a new category of “life development quality”, describing the usage features of existing population`s needs and opportunities in time. 16 scenarios for managing the life development quality have been identified. It was carried out modeling of the life development quality of Russian regions population in the period from 2012 to 2020. The regions-leaders and anti-leaders in terms of the life development quality are shown. The object of the study is the life development quality of regions population. The subject of the study is the scenarios for managing the life development quality using non-monetary meters. The purpose of the study is to conduct scenario modeling of the life development quality of regions population.

Objectives. Scale formation and corrosion are serious problems for heat and power equipment. These processes, when intense, can completely block the operation of the system, accelerating corrosion and leading to clogging, local overheating, and burnouts and ruptures of boilers and pipes, which in turn can lead to major environmental problems. Therefore, protecting surfaces from scale formation and corrosion is an important task. Promising methods for preventing the development of undesirable consequences include changing the composition of polymer coatings, e.g., by introducing microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors, as well as surface modification approaches, such as hydrophobization of the polymer coating surface. The purpose of the present work is to analyze methods for reducing scale formation and the rate of corrosion processes, as well as to study the efficiency of modification of paints and coatings by introducing microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors.Methods. The study was based on the use of accelerated corrosion tests.Results. Existing methods for reducing scale formation and corrosion rate on the surfaces of heat and power equipment were analyzed. The efficiency of modifying protective polymer materials by introducing microcapsules containing an active phosphonate additive was compared with approaches involving the surface modification of such protective materials.Conclusions. It was determined that the modification of paints and coatings by introducing microencapsulated active additives can significantly reduce the rates of both scale formation and corrosion. By implementing stateof-the-art methods for modifying polymer coatings, a new generation of agents for efficiently preventing scale formation and corrosion processes can be developed for maintaining the high performance of heat-exchange equipment.

The paper presents the results of ice strengthening by means of ultrafme silica nanoparticles introduced to distilled water prior to its crystallization. Stable SiO2 particles suspensions with concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 5 wt % have been prepared, and nanoparticles size distribution and zeta potential have been monitored in them. Both values remain almost constant for a week. Concentration dependences of maximal stress, Young's modulus and inelastic deformation at and after reaching peak stress in uniaxial compression test have been studied. The highest rate of change with the particles concentration for these properties is between 0.01 and 1 wt % while beyond the above range the concentration sensitivity is much weaker. The strongest effect of silica concentration is on inelastic deformation, and the weakest effect is on Young's modulus. Concentration sensitivity of the properties has been estimated by the power index of the best fitted power function for each of the property. Dependence of strength upon average grain size, that diminishes sixfold with growing concentration, is well approximated by power function also, but with negative power index –1/2. Additive constant in this dependence is found to be much lower than the strength of large grain pure ice and is close to zero within experiment accuracy. Hence, the strength of studied polycrystalline ice and ice composites is limited by the nucleation and subsequent propagation of Griffiths cracks with characteristic length proportional to average size of ice grain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic analysis, including its methodological tools, is necessary for organisations of various fields of activity and forms of ownership. A wide range of analytical techniques, the universality of their application and other economic sciences and modern management practice also contributes to the active interpenetration and differentiation of analysis. of the object’s economy, becomes a methodological basis for various types of control, and applying its methodology in a control measure turns it into a control-analytical procedure. We based our research on the study of economic literature concerning theoretical provisions and applied developments in the field of economic analysis and control of the activities of public medical organisations. We used methods of generalisation, systematisation, grouping, methods of economic analysis in the research process. The result of the study was a set of the following conclusions and results: Identification of new types of economic analysis generates new types of analytical work, including economic analysis in the control.Based on the general methodological basis of economic analysis and control, together with the universality of the methodological apparatus of economic analysis, the authors developed a typical structure of the control methodology.We considered analytical procedures in the implementation of control as the content of the partial fulfilment of the control procedure of the methodology of the object of control.Control and analysis depend on the time of their conduct, but with a similar essential characteristic, their volume and depth of conduct are different.The implemented digitalisation tools will significantly increase the scope of applying control-analytical procedures.

Nanostructured iron (III) oxide was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method using poly(triazine imide) (PTI) as a sacrificial template. The physicochemical properties of pristine iron oxide and its analogue obtained in the presence of PTI confirmed strong effect of the latter as the morphology improving agent. Moreover, application of nitrogen rich semiconducting polymer during hydrothermal synthesis increased number of defects. The obtained sample was used as an electroactive additive for carbon‐paste electrode. PTI‐modified sample demonstrated 1.52 times higher oxidation current, and 1.39 lower charge transfer resistance compared to hematite obtained without PTI, as was confirmed by CV and EIS data. Therefore, it was proposed to use the as a sensor for the detection of gallic acid. The developed method showed excellent linearity within a concentration range of 67 nM to 17.7 µM with a detection limit equal to 44 nM and limit of quantification of 132 nM. Stablitity and reproducibility tests, as well as real sample analysis confirmed applicability of the proposed sensor for practical application. Excellent electrochemical properties of the submicron hematite particles are attributed to the developed lattice defects, which served as reaction centers and charge transducing points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lifting individual water droplets against gravity without external energy input is reported. Classical capillary rise requires the complete wetting of a transport pathway, resulting in water loss and poor collection efficiency. Boosting Laplace pressure propulsion while diminishing contact line pinning enables lossless water droplet ascension. Surfaces with properly designed physicochemical gradients can propel single water droplets as high as 65 mm against gravity, enabled by 1) surface wettability patterns, 2) liquid‐like polymer brushes, and 3) controlling droplet size within a shorebird beak‐inspired wedge geometry. Surface wettability patterns induce droplet elongation toward the gap‐to‐apex direction of the wedge geometry, which boosts Laplace pressure propulsion by increasing droplet length and diminishes contact line pinning by decreasing droplet width. Polymer brushes for wettability patterning exhibit minimal contact angle hysteresis, minimizing contact line pinning and enabling residue‐free droplet ascension. Controlling the droplet size prevents the dominance of either contact line pinning or gravity over Laplace pressure propulsion, enabling droplet transport against gravity. Utilizing these design rules, low surface tension n‐decane is also transported against gravity, and a particle‐laden solution is separated using sedimentation and against‐gravity transportation. Such surfaces may facilitate lossless, against‐gravity, and power‐free water pumps in numerous emerging sustainability and energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes secondary crystallized melt inclusions trapped in magnesiochromite of lherzolite xenolith from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe (Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province). It is shown that the inclusions are microportions of melt related to magmatism, which was further formed this pipe. Daughter minerals assemblage of inclusions in magnesiochromite contain Na‒K‒Ca-, Na‒Mg-, Ca‒Mg-, Mg-, and Ca-bearing carbonates; Na–Mg carbonates with additional PO , Cl–, and SO anions; chlorides; sulfate; phosphate; and silicate. The mineral assemblage of daughter phases, the amount of carbonates (77 vol %) and silicates (tetraferriphlogopite) (15 vol %) and Ca : Na : K ratios within the inclusions indicate that this melt was an alkali-enriched carbonate liquid with a low content of SiO2 (≤6 wt %) and H2O (≤0.6 wt %). As is known, serpentine in kimberlites is a major H2O-bearing mineral, but the problem of water sources during serpentinization of kimberlites and an actual H2O content in kimberlite melts is a controversial issue. The absence of serpentine and the low H2O content (≤0.6 wt %) of the studied melt inclusions in comparison with those of kimberlites of the V. Grib kimberlite pipe (10‒14 wt %) indicate the key role of external fluids during serpentinization of these kimberlites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Individuals with aphasia identify discourse-level communication (i.e., language in use) as a high priority for treatment. The central premise of most aphasia treatments is that restoring language at the phoneme, word, and/or sentence level will generalize to discourse. However, treatment-related changes in discourse-level communication are modest, are poorly understood, and vary greatly among individuals with aphasia. In response, this study consisted of a multilevel discourse analysis of archival, monologic discourse outcomes across two high-intensity Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) clinical trials. Aim 1 evaluated changes in theoretically motivated discourse outcomes representing lexical-semantic processing, lexical diversity, grammatical complexity, and discourse informativeness. Aim 2 explored the potential moderating role of nonlanguage cognitive factors (semantic memory, divided attention, and executive function) on discourse outcomes. Method: This study was a retrospective analysis of archival monologic discourse outcomes after intensive SFA for n = 60 (Aim 1) and a subset n = 44 (Aim 2). Outcome measures included lexical-semantic processing (% semantic errors), lexical diversity (moving average type-token ratio), grammatical complexity (mean utterance length), and discourse informativeness (% correct information units). Bayesian generalized mixed-effects models were used to examine changes across four study time points: enrollment, entry, exit, and 1-month follow-up. Results: The present study found no evidence for meaningful or statistically reliable improvements in monologue discourse performance after SFA when measured using standard, general-topic discourse stimuli. There was weak and inconsistent evidence that nonlanguage cognitive factors may play a role in moderating treatment response. Conclusions: These findings indicate a clear need to pair theoretically informed treatments designed to facilitate generalization to discourse with intentional measurement paradigms designed to capture it. Furthermore, there is a clear need to examine how established treatments, restorative or compensatory, can better facilitate generalization to discourse-level communication. These priorities are critical for meaningfully improving everyday communication and reducing the profound communication and psychosocial consequences of aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]