Search

Рассматривается совокупность способов и приемов передачи герундия, герундиальных оборотов и комплексов в художественном произведении с учетом специфики указанного литературного жанра. Проводится сравнительный анализ оригинального текста и соответствующего русского. Исследуются семантические, лексические, грамматические и синтаксические закономерности перевода, в результате было выявлено несколько переводческих приемов, присущих данной русскоязычной версии романа. Статья может представлять интерес для всех изучающих переводоведение.

Este artigo compara estruturas de modificação adjetival em português brasileiro, inglês e hebraico, numa tentativa de identificar suas propriedades de interpretação e variação sintática nas três línguas. A hipótese é que estruturas do tipo (gerúndio)/A/Adv+de+A/N permitem uma leitura de intensidade, expressa no elemento que precede a preposição, por consequência da categorização de uma estrutura preposicional que seleciona duas raízes. A variação entre as três línguas se dá pela (não-)categorização da raiz na posição de complemento, e na adjunção da raiz na posição de complemento à posição de especificador, gerando uma inversão de ordem com núcleo à direita, como nos compostos N+N do inglês. As evidências empíricas para a proposta são baseadas nos comportamentos de modificação, intervenção de outros modificadores entre os elementos adjetivais e os casos de interpretação semântica de intensidade.

Translation Exercise in Translation Didactics as a Component of Needs AnalysisThe article analyzes the results of a translation exercise used as an element of needs analysis to assess translation competences (as defined by EMT programme) of 30 M.A. translation trainees commencing an English-Polish translation course. It analyzes translation samples of selected sentences from a travelogue narrative, with specific translation problems (collocations, passive voice structures, a cleft sentence with a passive gerund) in terms of translation mistakes as defined by Hejwowski. An analysis of the samples shows that a translation exercise, if properly selected, allows to identify translation trainees’ translation competences and translation mistakes, and may be helpful in designing a translation course and as an element of action research approach applied during the course.

The given article outlines the peculiarities of compression in the process of translation from English into Ukrainian. The research has been done on the basis of the novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ by F. Scott Fitzgerald and its translation into Ukrainian performed by M. Pinchevskiy. Decompression is mainly used while translating English infinitive and infinitival complex object and complex subject constructions; English participle I and II, and participial I complex object construction; English gerund. Sentence fragmentation is one more example of decompression. The syntactical function of the non-finite form of the verb is taken into consideration in the process of translation. Divergences in the English and Ukrainian languages mainly on the grammatical level or absence of some grammatical forms and complexes in Ukrainian required the usage of different grammatical transformations in the process of translation (mostly substitution of parts of speech, sentence members, sentence types and transposition of the sentence members). These transformations led to the widening of the target text, thus to decompression of the target text.

This study aims to find out types of error in using gerunds, the most dominant error and the causes of error made by the students of the sixth semester of English Department FKIP UNIB 2016/2017 in using gerunds. The title of this paper is “The Study of English Department Students’ Errors in Using Gerunds (A Case Study at the Students of the Sixth Semester of English Department FKIP UNIB 2016/2017). In term of research methodology, the researcher used both quantitative and qualitative method in analyzing the data. The technique of collecting the data in this research was a composed test. The subject of this study was 79 students in the sixth semester of English Department FKIP UNIB 2016/2017. The result of this research showed that the students of the sixth semester of English Department FKIP UNIB 2016/2017 made errors in using eight types of gerunds. They were gerund as object of preposition, gerund as subject of a sentence, gerund as direct object of certain verbs, gerund as the complement of a sentence, gerund after special expressions, gerund as passive form, gerund as possessive and gerund used in the negative adjective ‘no’. The most dominant error made by the students of the sixth semester of English Department FKIP UNIB 2016/2017 in using gerunds was gerund as direct object of certain verbs. In this research, the researcher found three causes of error in using gerunds. They were overgeneralization, ignorance of rule instructions and incomplete application of rules. Ignorance of rule instructions became the dominant cause in this research. The errors made by the students in using eight types of gerunds were caused by ignorance of rule restriction because the students did not master the rule in grammar especially in learning gerunds

La conjugación de los verbos siempre genera problemas caóticos para los estudiantes taiwaneses de español, ya que dicha categoría gramatical no lleva función significativa en términos morfológicos en chino. El nivel de dificultad de este estudio, las perífrasis verbales, va aún más allá. La complejidad de las construcciones perifrásticas en español es abrumadora para los aprendices taiwaneses, debido a la gran cantidad de ellas, ya que estas perífrasis verbales pueden ser de tres tipos: de infinitivo, gerundio y participio. Por ese motivo, en este estudio nos centramos en el primer grupo, a saber, el formado por un verbo auxiliar que total o parcialmente pierde el significado primitivo, la presencia o no de un nexo intercalado (preposición/conjunción) y por un infinitivo con significado pleno. Además de estudiar este tipo de construcciones, abordaremos el problema de su aprendizaje. Los alumnos, a la hora de ponerse en contacto con el conjunto de perífrasis verbales, han de familiarizarse con el orden sintáctico y, además, han de distinguir el valor semántico de cada una, pese a que el matiz entre una y otra es muy pequeño y aparezca la problemática morfológica o morfosintáctica. El hecho de que las estructuras perifrásticas, semifrásticas y no perifrásticas provoquen casos de ambigüedad, les hace a los alumnos aún más costoso el aprendizaje. Conviene poner de manifiesto la clasificación perifrástica de los verbos de modo más analítico y exhaustivo, desde el punto de vista lingüístico en español por una parte, y, por otra parte, es imprescindible mejorar la interpretación del significado buscando la equivalencia conceptual entre la lengua meta y la lengua materna. Cuanto más difícil es la comprensión de las perífrasis verbales de infinitivo en español, más esfuerzos se necesitan en la docencia y en el aprendizaje. Dominando las propiedades de estas perífrasis y los conceptos equivalentes en chino, se favorecerá el resultado del aprendizaje por parte del alumnado. Spanish verbal conjugations typically impede the learning process of Taiwanese students because Chinese verbs do not have a similar system. This study is based on double-verb usages. Because the main research topic content is vast, including verbal periphrasis with infinitives, gerunds, as well as participles, the complexity is unavoidable for the aforementioned students. This paper focuses on structures compounded by auxiliary verbs that have partially or completely lost their meaning linking to a nuclear meaningful infinitive with or without a preposition or conjunction inserted between the two basic relevant elements. The main concern of this study is to emphasize not only grammatical constructions but also consequent learning problems. Specifically, students, when learning verbal periphrasis, must become familiar with the proper syntactic order and distinguish the meaning of each compound unit. The nuances among verbal periphrasis, verbal semiperiphrasis, and non periphrasis easily cause ambiguities that result in learning difficulties. Therefore, accounting for the diversity of language teaching and the adequately interpreting meaning from the target language to the mother language are both crucial aspects of this subject. Undoubtedly, comprehensive difficulties exist for learning verbal periphrasis with infinitives. Thus, expending tremendous effort in teaching and learning this topic is encouraged. Mastering the corresponding concepts between the structures of Spanish verbal periphrasis and Chinese will enable students to accomplish their learning goals.

AbstractThis paper presents a descriptive analysis of verbs with the participle marking affixes in expressing causatives in Dangme, a language that belongs to the Kwa group of the Niger-Congo family of languages. The paper examines the syntax and the semantic perspectives of the participialized form of causative verbs in the Role and Reference Grammar’s (RRG) theory in Dangme. The participle is an affix which expresses the completion at the final stage of a process. As a verbal affix, it can take objects and have tense or aspect in languages. They also indicate active agency (actor) and an agency receiving an action (sufferer). Generally affixes that express participial are in two forms: the finite and non-finite categories. Unlike Akan and other languages that have both forms, Dangme has just the non-finite category which of two forms. The two non-finite forms of the verb in Dangme are the participle and the gerund. The gerund affix {-mi} denotes a new word class from verbs in Dangme, (noun). The participle on the other hand has adjective-like characteristics and it is expressed mostly with the front vowels of Dangme: /i, e, ԑ/. It is to be noted that to form the participle in Dangme, two processes are required. Firstly, the verb stem is reduplicated either partially or totally depending on the shape of the verb stem. The reduplicant then selects a front vowel of the same tongue height of the vowel of the verb stem. The words formed imply a process of change caused by a causer. For the purpose of this paper, my focus is on the participial affix used in expressing causative meaning in Dangme.

Daodejing, one of the Chinese Classics, has the second largest translated versions in the world, second to the Bibles. Since the 1st English version translated by John Chalmers in 1868, there are different retranslations in western countries, typically in the US and the UK. Daodejing gets its “rebirth” or “rewriting” in different places through different times. Different time and places constitute different historical, social and cultural context. This paper focuses on the translation and retranslation of Daodejing by James Legge in the nineteenth century, Arthur Waley in the twentieth century and Roger Ames and David Hall in the twenty-first century, which context is respectively featured by Christian background, western culture centralism and the co-existence of multi-cultures. This paper reveals the differences of the interpretation and translation of Daodejing by the above mentioned translators. Some key vocabularies such as “Dao”, “De”, “Tian”, “Wu Wei” etc. are analyzed, meanwhile their different translations are illustrated in terms of vocabulary. In the meantime, the contemporary retranslation of Daodejing by Roger Ames and David Hall will be shed light on. They interpret the traditional Chinese natural cosmology via the focus and field theory. In this philosophical translation of Daodejing, the gerund and “language cluster” are applied in accordance with the Chinese vocabularies in the original text of Daodejing to illustrate a holistic, dynamic Daoist cosmology. As an open text, Daodejing has been rooted in the alien places and has gained its niche in the delineation of translated texts in different periods of time. The after-life of the original text of Daodejing therefore, bridges the dialogue and cooperation between the east and the west based on the pursuit of harmonious development for the mankind via the translated works of the Chinese classics.

En este trabajo intentamos profundizar en el estudio de la construcción “gerundio + diminutivo”, sobre la que no parece haber mucha bibliografía especializada. Utilizaremos los dos corpora de Mark Davis que están enfocados en hablas modernas del español (“Now” y “Web/Dialects”), para ver cuán frecuente es este fenómeno, dónde y cómo se produce. A través del análisis de algunos ejemplos concretos procederemos a corroborar, primero, algunos puntos de las hipótesis ya existentes sobre esta construcción, y, sobre todo, a corregir/modificar otros que lo necesiten. Usaremos para ello distintas teorías sobre el diminutivo, el gerundio y el aspecto léxico. Veremos que la realidad dista en múltiples ocasiones de corresponderse con lo que dice las teorías, y que algunas de ellas necesitan actualizarse casi por completo.

Gerunds lead to great simplicity and functionality in the Turkish language while increasing the expressive power, enabling the expression to become more concise and fluent. In the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR, henceforth), an accepted guide in teaching Turkish as a foreign language, the correct and effective use of gerunds and gerundial formations is accepted as one of the grammatical competencies required for learners in C1 level. However, a few studies in the literature have investigated the learners' success in C1 level regarding grammatical competence. Based on this literature gap, the purpose of the research is to examine the use of gerunds and gerundial formations in the written expressions of the Arab learners of Turkish as a foreign language at the C1 level. For this purpose, the research is designed as a qualitative case study. The study sample includes 150 Arab learners in the C1 level who studied at TÖMER in the Black Sea Region, Central Anatolia Region, and Marmara Region in the 2019-2020 academic year and voluntarily participated in the research. The research data were collected from the learners' written expressions in the final exam and analyzed using document analysis. The scope of the study only included gerunds and gerundial formations. Frequency analysis, one of the sub-techniques of content analysis, was used to analyze the data. The data revealed that the 150 learners used 32 different gerunds and gerund particles in their written expressions. © 2020 JLLS and the Authors - Published by JLLS. Ulaç ve ulaç görevli yapılar, Türkçeye büyük bir sadelik ve işlevsellik kazandırıp Türkçenin anlatım gücünü artırırken anlatımın da daha öz ve kıvrak hâle getirilmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde de rehber kabul edilen Diller İçin Avrupa Ortak Öneriler Çerçevesi’nde ulaç ve ulaç görevli yapıların doğru ve etkili kullanımı, dil bilgisel yeterliğin bir parçası olarak C1 düzeyindeki öğrencilerde bulunması gereken yeterliklerden kabul edilmektedir. Ancak alanyazında, C1 düzeyindeki öğrencilerin bu konudaki başarımını ortaya koyan çok az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Alanyazındaki bu boşluktan yola çıkılarak araştırmanın amacı, Türkçeyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen C1 düzeyindeki Arap öğrencilerin yazılı anlatım çalışmalarında kullandıkları ulaç ve ulaç görevli yapıları tespit etmek olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma, nitel durum çalışmasıyla desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2019–2020 akademik yılında Karadeniz Bölgesi, İç Anadolu Bölgesi ve Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki üç TÖMER’de öğrenim gören ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan C1 düzeyindeki 150 Arap öğrencidir. Araştırma verileri, öğrencilerin kur sonu sınavlarındaki yazılı anlatım çalışmalarından belgesel tarama yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın kapsamına yalnızca ulaçlar ve ulaç görevli yapılar dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizinin alt tekniklerinden olan frekans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplanan 150 öğrencinin, 32 farklı ulacı ve ulaç görevli yapıyı yazılı anlatım çalışmalarında kullandığı tespit edilmiştir.

This paper gives a compositional semantics for attitude reports with nominal, gerund, and that-clause complements that captures the intuitive entailment relations between these reports (e.g. Ida sees/imagines a penguin diving \(\Rightarrow \) Ida sees/imagines a penguin). These relations are identified through the familiar diagnostic tests. We observe that entailments that are licensed by counterfactual attitude verbs (here: imagine) are largely different from the entailments between veridical vision reports that are described in (Barwise 1981). To capture this difference, we give a non-clausal syntax for gerund attitude reports and assign factive clausal complements a different semantics from non-factive and gerund complements. The resulting account captures the entailment patterns of imagination and vision reports without assuming special axioms in the lexical semantics of see or imagine. On our account, the ‘logic’ of the above reports thus falls directly out of their semantics.

All around the handle and the resting place and the exchange and the to-ing and fro-ing between bodies and things, movement and rest are combined. Both the handle and the resting place refer to the other, what is hanging and resting, as they both are the place to do so. “to hang” or “to be hanging” and “to rest” or “to be resting” are verbs, the infinitive and gerund, respectively. Verbs are shaped throughout the joint, they land from their abstraction. In architecture, the joint is characterized by the building details where the rawness of the materials and joints can be shown in many ways. Juhani Pallasmaa (influenced by Merleau-Ponty’s thought) claims that nouns like “space” and “time” have distorted the living experiences in architecture. Many attempts have been made to show these joints or details “as found” as well as to emerge the action of the verb both in art and architecture. In this text, some works by the architects Alison and Peter Smithson and Sigurd Lewerentz will be listed, in which architecture can be shown instead of taught, can be lived instead of shown; attempts that make the body part of the detail or situation so that they can finish off it.; Helduleku eta pausalekuen inguruan, gorputzen eta gauzen arteko hartu-eman eta joan-etorrian, mugimendua eta pausaldia tartekatzen dira. Helduleku zein pausalekuek besteari erreparatzen diote, heltzen eta pausatzen denari, hori gertatzen den lekua baitira. “Heldu” edo “heltzen” eta “pausatu” edo “pausatzen” aditzak dira, aditz-partizipioa (infinitiboa) eta aditz-izena (gerundioa), hurrenez hurren. Aditzak topaguneetan hezurmamitzen, abstrakziotik lurreratzen dira. Topaguneak arkitekturan materialen eta loturen gordintasuna hainbat eratara erakus-ten duten eraikuntza xehetasun gisa azaltzen zaizkigu. Juhani Pallasmaak (Merleau-Pontyren pentsamenduak eraginda) arkitekturan “espazio” eta “denbora” bezalako izenek gertaeretan oinarritzen den bizipena desitxuratzen dutela dio. Topagune edo xehetasunak “beren horretan” erakusteko eta aditzaren izaera azaleratzeko saiakera ugari egin dira artean eta arkitekturan. Testu honetan, arkitektura irakastetik erakustera eta erakustetik bizitzera igarotzen den Alison eta Peter Smithson eta Sigurd Lewerentz arkitektoen hainbat lan erlazionatzen dira; gorputza xehetasunaren partaide egiten dutenak, gorputzak xehetasuna osatzen buka dezan.

Este artículo trata sobre el estudio de la forma verbal impersonal del gerundio en español y las posibilidades de su traducción al croata, que no conoce dicha forma. El análisis de las posibles traducciones se muestra a través de los ejemplos elegidos de la traducción de una parte de la novela “El anticuario” de Julián Sánchez Romero del español al croata. Se plantean cinco posibles formas de traducir el gerundio en el contexto de diferentes tiempos verbales y otras formas lingüísticas e incluso oraciones. Luego, se presentan interesantes fenómenos, usos y aspectos del significado en ambos idiomas y su funcionamiento en cuanto al gerundio y sus equivalencias. El análisis demuestra que cuando se traduce se debe tomar en cuenta la gramática de ambas lenguas, el contexto y la lengua hablada para llegar a una equivalencia correcta y natural en el idioma al que se traduce cierto texto. Ovaj se rad bavi proučavanjem bezličnog glagolskog oblika gerunda u španjolskom jeziku te ekvivalencijama njegovog prevođenja na hrvatski jezik, koji ne poznaje takav oblik. Analiza mogućih prijevoda vrši se na izabranim primjerima iz prijevoda sa španjolskog na hrvatski jednog dijela romana “El anticuario” Juliána Sáncheza Romera. Prezentirat će se pet mogućih načina prevođenja gerunda u kontekstu različitih glagolskih vremena te ostalih jezičnih oblika, pa čak i rečenica. Zatim, što se tiče gerunda i njegovih ekvivalencija prikazat će se zanimljive pojave, uporabe i aspekti značenja oba jezika te na koji način funkcioniraju. Analiza pokazuje da se kod prevođenja moraju uzeti u obzir gramatike oba jezika, kontekst te govorni jezik kako bi se došlo do točne i prirodne ekvivalencije u jeziku na koji se određeni tekst prevodi.

Titles play an important role in genre analysis. Cross-genre studies show that research paper and thesis titles have distinctive features. However, thesis and dissertation titles in the field of dentistry have thus far received little attention. Objective: To analyze the syntactic structures and their functions in English-language thesis and dissertation titles in dentistry. Methodology: We randomly chose 413 titles of English-language dentistry theses or dissertations presented at universities in 12 countries between January 2000 and June 2019. The resulting corpus of 5,540 running words was then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, the two complementary focuses being grammatical structures and their functions. Results: The average title length was 13.4 words. Over half of the titles did not include any punctuation marks. For compound titles, we found that colons, dashes, commas, and question marks were used to separate the different components, colons being the most frequent. Four syntactic structures (nominal phrase, gerund phrase, full-sentence, and prepositional phrase) were identified for single-unit titles. Single-unit nominal phrase titles constituted the most frequent structure in the corpus, followed by compound titles. Four particular rhetorical combinations of compound title components were found to be present throughout the corpus. Conclusions: Titles of dentistry theses and dissertation in English echo the content of the text body and make an important contribution to fulfilling the text’s communicative purposes. Thus, teaching research students about the linguistic features of thesis titles would be beneficial to help them write effective titles and also facilitate assessment by teachers. This research project received funding from the Scientific, Humanistic, Technological and Arts Development Council of the Universidad de Los Andes (ULA), in Mérida, Venezuela, code O-307-15-06-A, and from the Carolina Foundation, with a postdoctoral fellowship at Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, 2017–2018.

El trabajo se centra en la construcción mira que + cláusula y analiza los valores discursivos que desarrolla cuando se fija en el uso. Utilizando una metodología macrosintáctica y con base en los fundamentos de la gramática de construcciones,se describe su comportamiento distribucional y los contenidos procedimentales que desarrolla. En unos contextos, mira que actúa como intensificador de un término valorativo. En otros, se combina con gerundios, participios o sintagmas con contenido negativo. Aparece en estos casos como enunciado suspendido. En combinaciones con otras oraciones puede actuar como introductor de un argumento justificativo o bien con contenido concesivo antiorientado. El contexto distribucional predetermina la orientación argumentativa de la construcción y la hace funcionar como un elemento discursivo más ligado a lo procedimental. This study focuses on the constructionmira que + clause and analyzes the discursive functions it develops when it is fixed. Using a macrosyntactic methodology and based on the fundamentals of construction grammar, the article describes the distribution and behavior of this construction and the procedural contents it develops. In some contexts, mira que acts as intensifier of a valuation word. In others it is combined with gerunds, participles or nouns with negative content. It appears in these cases as a suspended statement. In combination with other sentences it may introduce a justifying argument or a concessive anti-oriented meaning. The distributional context predeterminesthe argumentative orientation of the construction and makes it work as a discursive element more linked to the procedural dimension. Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad FFI2017-82898-P

The English gerunds found in present-day English can be divided into nominal gerunds and verbal gerunds, with nominal gerunds being further divided into action nominal gerunds and result nominal gerunds (Heyvaert in Folia Linguistica 42(1)39–82, 2008). Nominal gerunds have the formal features of nouns (Fonteyn et al. in Journal of English Linguistics 43(1):36–60, 2015), taking “nominal dependents such as determiners, adjectives or genitive phrases” (Fanego in Diachronica 21(1):5–55, 2004: 6).

This study deals both with action nouns as a semantic class of word formation and with nominalization as a derivational process via offering a lot of relevant data in a kind of typological confrontation. Oswald Panagl investigates Latin examples applying criteria such as productivity, regularity, semantic transparency and syntactic behavior. As a result, he denotes derivations in -tiōn as the most vivid and active type of action noun delivering almost countless tokens. As a special case he treats the nominalizations in -tu becoming productive when they establish the grammatical category of supine in -tum. This procedure of a switch from derivation to inflection represents a sort of grammaticalization. He offers a scale model of increasing concretization (actionresultinstrumentlocationagents) exemplified with items from a variety of languages. Fritz Schweigers research presents a series of data from the Australian languages (Alyawarra, Bunuba, Diyari, Djapu, Gumbaynggir, Guugu Yimidhirr, Kalkatungu, Uradhi, Wambaya, and Wardaman). The author defines and analyzes the morpholo gical principles of word formation in his linguistic material and classifies the data arte legis. Because of the specific situation and the complex interrelations within this linguistic group of tongues investigated in this paper, it seems nearly impossible to develop and apply criteria of the common sort for uncovering genealogical kinship. (VLID)6286218

Аносова Анастасия Александровна, преподаватель, кафедра иностранных языков, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Челябинск), zeea84@mail.ru Anastasiya A. Anosova, lecturer, Department of Foreign Languages, South Ural State University (Chelya binsk), zeea84@mail.ru В статье рассматривается понятие неличных форм глагола, даётся краткая характеристика неличных форм русского и английского глаголов, приводятся их грамматические категории и синтаксические функции. Автор отмечает, что неличные формы имеют синкретичный характер, сочетая в себе свойства глагола со свойствами других частей речи. Также в статье представлены основные характеристики текстов научного стиля, такие как сжатость изложения, информационная насыщенность, безличность, тенденция к номинативности. Анализируются отрывки из текстов по электроэнергетике на русском и английском языках, приводятся данные по количеству неличных форм и рассматриваются основные функции употребления неличных форм в данных текстах. Автор приходит к выводу, что неличные формы являются частотными в анализируемых текстах благодаря своему синкретичному характеру. Также автор отмечает, что конструкции с неличными формами глагола, такие как причастные обороты и конструкции с вторичной предикацией, способствуют компрессии информации, тем самым являясь средством языковой экономии. Причастия чаще всего используются в атрибутивной функции, в составе причастных оборотов они заменяют придаточные предложения. В английском тексте присутствует тенденция к употреблению причастий и инфинитивов в постпозиции к существительному. Употребление форм страдательных причастий в русском и английском текстах, а также безличных предложений с модальными словами и инфинитивом объясняется тенденцией к безличности научного текста. The paper considers non-finite forms of the verb in the Russian and English languages, their grammatical categories and syntactic functions. The author points out that non-finite forms are syncretic in nature as they combine verbal features with those of other parts of speech. The author also considers the main features of the scientific text such as high level of informativity, consistency, impersonality, compression, nominal character. The author analyzes the extracts from Russian and English textbooks on electric-power engineering, provides quantitative data on the non-finite forms used and considers the main functions of using the non-finite forms in the given texts. The author concludes that the non-finiteforms are frequent in the scientific-technical texts due to their syncretism, which contributes to the nominal character of scientific-technical texts. The use of structures with non-finite forms including participial phrases and the structures with secondary predication is a good means of compression as they can replace subordinate clauses. There is a tendency in the English scientific texts to use participles and infinitives postpositively after the noun. The use of participles and passive constructions as well as the impersonal infinitive sentences contributes to impersonality of the scientific texts.

Представлены основные словоизменительные типы русского глагола. Показано различие парадигм этих типов в системе с учетом грамматических и лексикосемантических факторов. Словоизменительные типы русских глаголов разделены на три группы: 1) глаголы с полным составом спрягаемых форм парадигмы 2) глаголы с неполным составом спрягаемых форм парадигмы 3) глаголы с избыточным составом спрягаемых форм парадигмы. Рассмотрены две первые группы., The main inflectional types of the Russian verb are presented. It is shown the difference of paradigms of these types in the system, taking into account grammatical and lexicalsemantic factors. The inflection types of Russian verbs are divided into three groups: 1) verbs with the full composition of conjugated paradigm forms 2) verbs with an incomplete composition of the conjugated paradigm forms 3) verbs with excessive composition of conjugated paradigm forms. Considered the first two groups., №3 (2019)

In this paper we want to add to the comparative description of Present-day English nominal and verbal gerundive nominalizations, by presenting the results of a quantitative, corpus-based analysis of their aspectual features. It will be shown that, in general, the claim that gerunds designate unbounded activities or activities that are in progress cannot be upheld – because a significant number of both nominal and verbal gerunds denote non-durative situations (achievements, semelfactives) or telic ones (accomplishments), and because most gerunds lack explicit markers of ‘completeness’ or ‘ongoingness’. As regards the distinction between nominal and verbal gerunds, it will be shown that nominal gerunds are attested significantly more often with activities and are more often explicitly marked for temporal bounding or for ongoingness, whereas, compared to nominal gerunds, verbal gerunds represent significantly more often achievements or semelfactives and they are more often than nominal gerunds neutral or unmarked in terms of temporal bounding. These findings are shown to tie in with a number of recent functional-semantic accounts of the English gerund and shed new light on the categorial gradience between nominal and verbal gerunds. ispartof: Language Sciences vol:73 issue:73 pages:32-49 status: published

In the Dädä Qorqut Book, the verbal adjective {-An+dA} construction was read as a gerund. However, in some cases this does not reflect the context of the text. In fact, this adjective verb or participle is not associated with the particle dA. The article improves the topic {-An+Da}, {-Ar+Da}, {-Duq+Da}. The structures accepted as gerunds were discussed in various editions of Dädä Qorqut. Repair suggestions were made there, where as a participle construction should be considered.

This chapter gives an overview of the history of the English gerund, describing the attested morphosyntactic developments and assessing the functional explanations that have been provided to explain the observed changes in its structural makeup. It gives an overview of the remaining lacunae in our understanding of how the English gerund developed, and suggests how these lacunae can be addressed. At the end of this chapter, a different functional approach to the history of the English gerund is presented, which is based on the functional-semantic model of categoriality presented in Chapter 2. Here, it is set out how the abstract nominal and verbal/clausal functional values can be defined as testable symptomatic usage patterns. These “symptomatic usage patterns” serve as the underlying basis for the hypothesis tested in the empirical chapters.

National audience