Search

ABSTRACT This cross sectional study was an attempt to estimate the prevalence of gestational diabetes among pregnant women in Basrah (using the 50 gm glucose challenge test) and to identify the high risk groups. The study involved 304 pregnant women who were attending the antenatal care clinics of two primary health care centres during a threemonth period. All pregnant women included in the study were interviewed, blood samples were drawn, and urine samples were checked for the presence of sugar. The results showed that the prevalence of glucose intolerance was 4.3% according to 50 grams glucose challenge test. Also the results showed that the main risk factors, which were significantly and independently associated with impaired glucose tolerance, were history of habitual miscarriage, history of neonatal death and family history of diabetes mellitus. Urine test for sugar as a screening test for gestational diabetes was found to be neither sensitive nor specific in comparison with 50 grams oral glucose test. It was recommended that pregnant women should be screened for gestational diabetes by the 50 grams glucose challenge test and the screening can be done at least for high risk women.

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

Glaukos wrote a history of music, perhaps in Ionic prose, and it is possible to reconstruct the sequence of musical innovations that he described.

(1) The father of the historian Antiochus of Syracuse was a Xenophanes (so Pausanias): this may have been the philosopher, who spent time in the west, and one of Antiochus’ sources. (2) The earliest reference to the decree of Themistocles is by Plutarch, drawing on Cleidemus, who with his pro-democratic views may have been the forger of the decree.

A verse dedication from Hypate quoted in [Arist.] Thaum. can be clarified by emendation: it shows that Heracles had ties with the Spercheios valley.

The myth in its several versions implies that at the end of the Bronze Age some Aeolians were driven into eastern Thessaly rather than south into Boeotia.

Vitruvius’ report that Caryae in Arcadia supported the Persians is credible in the context of other instances of anti-Spartan sentiment in the Peloponnesus.

A number of considerations show that the stated numbers of ships need not be any later or less reliable than the place names of their origins.

The mythic genealogy and history of Ceos that was given by the historian Xenomedes (V B.C.) can be partly reconstructed from Callimachus fr.75.

As Aristotle’s source for the fall of Ninevah (H.A. 8.18.3) read Herodotus, whose investigations on the chronology of Assyria are visible in the extant history; the lost account may also have been known to Eusebius.

P.Oxy. 2506 fr.198 and several authors attest this war in apparent contradiction to Herodotus who names Cyaxares: perhaps Astyages succeeded his father before the end of the war.

Ion’s life and associations in Athens can be reconstructed; his writings were diverse in genre and original in content, and probably included the attested play about Gyges.

Aristarchus calculated the length of the year to a greater precision than his predecessors and probably was responsible for the name of the period, the exeligmos; Berosus’ writings cannot have contributed significantly to Aristarchus or to Greek astronomy in general.

(1) The tradition about Neleids settling Naxos is reflected in a fragment of Archilochus; (2) to Alcman’s poem “The Diving Women” should be attributed fr.26 with its halcyons; (3) Panyasis fr.18 when joined with later testimonia permits partial reconstruction of the genealogy of the Lycian Termilians.

(1) Eudoxus’ life and writings, especially his visit to Egypt and his astronomical research, can in part be clarified; (2) a fragment of Cleostratus of Tenedos shows him calculating celestial events in relation to the solstice; (3) the chronology and interrelations of several of the Hellenistic astronomers can be reconstructed.

The functions and powers of the laity in the pre-Constantinian church were substantial and diverse, and contrast with the clericalization of authority in the course of the fourth century.

The P. falciparum Merozoite Surface Protein 1-42 (MSP1-42) is one of the most studied malaria subunit vaccine candidates. The N-terminal fragment of MSP1-42, MSP1-33, is primarily composed of allelic sequences, and has been shown to possess T helper epitopes that influence protective antibody responses toward the C-terminal region, MSP1-19. A truncated MSP1-42 vaccine, Construct 33-I, consisting of exclusively conserved T epitope regions of MSP1-33 expressed in tandem with MSP1-19, was previously shown to be a more effective immunogen than the full-length MSP1-42 vaccine. Here, by way of reciprocal priming/boosting immunization regimens, we studied the immunogenicity of Construct 33-I in the context of recognition by immune responses induced by the full-length native MSP1-42 protein, in order to gauge the effects of pre- and post-exposures to MSP1-42 on vaccine induced responses. Judging by immune responsiveness, antibody and T cell responses, Construct 33-I was effective as the priming antigen followed by full-length MSP1-42 boosting, as well as the boosting antigen following full-length MSP1-42 priming. In particular, Construct 33-I priming elicited the broadest responsiveness in immunized animals subsequently exposed to MSP1-42. Moreover, Construct 33-I, with its conserved MSP1-33 specific T cell epitopes, was equally well recognized by homologous and heterologous allelic forms of MSP1-42. Serum antibodies raised against Construct 33-I efficiently inhibited the growth of parasites carrying the heterologous MSP1-42 allele. These results suggest that Construct 33-I maintains and/or enhances its immunogenicity in an allelic or strain transcending fashion when deployed in populations having prior or subsequent exposures to native MSP1-42s.

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

[site under construction]

In Petron’s universe of 183 spheres forming a triangle, the spheres must rotate in alternate directions and their number must be even rather than odd.

Hellenistic evidence suggests for this site the toponym Dikta, which like Mt Dikte was in eastern Crete.

Two divergent reports (by Herodotus and Proclus) about the flight of Paris and Helen in the Kypria imply two different poems, perhaps one current in Cyprus and the other in Halicarnassus.