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Comprehensive Summary Inspired by the molecular mechanism of mussel adhesion, here, we developed a class of injectable and self‐healing hydrogels based on natural polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA). The dynamic property of hydrogels is derived from histidine‐metal coordination, which widely exists in the mussel adhesive plaque. To mimic components of mussel byssal threads, we first grafted histidine‐containing peptides onto the HA chains. Followed by the addition of Zn2+ ions, the modified HA could then transform into a pH‐sensitive hydrogel network (HA‐His‐Zn) with tunable sol‐gel transitions. The dynamic metal‐ligand coordination could significantly enhance the mechanical properties of HA hydrogels and also endow them with self‐healing and injectable abilities. In addition, the HA‐His‐Zn hydrogels could also exhibit antibacterial and immunoregulatory activities due to the bioactive Zn2+ ions. These results, together with the dynamic properties and good biocompatibility, indicated that the HA‐His‐Zn hydrogels could be applied as a class of easy‐to‐handle scaffold materials for regeneration medicine, particularly for tissue traumas with chronic inflammations and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sports gains reflect the sports development of college students, which is a direct reflection of the quality of school sports work, while the perception of sports environment, physical activity behavior, and self-efficacy in sports learning are closely related to their sports gains, which directly affects their effectiveness and interest in sports learning. Objective: To investigate the effects of perceived sports environment on Chinese college students' sport gains, and to verify the mediating roles of physical activity behavior and self-efficacy in sport learning. Methods: A survey of 2,207 Chinese university students was conducted using the sport environment perception scale, sport gain scale, physical activity behavior scale, and sport learning self-efficacy scale. Results: (1) There were significant differences in age and gender between college students' perceptions of sport environment, sport gains, sport exercise behavior, and sport learning self-efficacy, and the mean scores of each scale were better for male students than for female students. (2) Perception of sports environment was significantly positively correlated with sports gain, and perception of sports environment had a direct positive effect on sports gain. In addition, sport environment perception positively predicted physical activity behavior and sport learning self-efficacy; physical activity behavior significantly predicted sport learning self-efficacy and sport gains; physical learning self-efficacy was a significant positive predictor of sport gains. (3) Physical activity behavior and physical learning self-efficacy played a significant chained mediating role between perceived physical environment and physical gains. These results are important for promoting physical education learning outcomes among college students and provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions. However, there are limitations to this study, such as the specificity of the sample and the self-reported data used. Future research could expand the sample and utilize multiple assessment methods to validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle fiber characteristics are pivotal in assessing meat quality. However, there is currently a lack of research precisely quantifying the total number of myofibers (TNM) of skeletal muscles. This study used Arbor Acres (AA) broilers and Wenchang (WC) chickens to determine the TNM of several skeletal muscles and the meat quality of the pectoralis major muscle (PM). The results showed that the TNMs of the PM in AA males and females were 935,363.64 ± 92,529.28 and 873,983.72 ± 84,511.28, respectively, significantly higher than those in WC (511,468.97 ± 73,460.81 and 475,371.93 ± 70,187.83) at 7 days of age (p < 0.01). In terms of gastrocnemius medialis in AA males and females, we recorded values of 207,551.43 ± 31,639.97 and 177,203.23 ± 28,764.01, showing a significant difference compared to the values observed in WC (146,313.03 ± 29,633.21 and 124,238.9 ± 20,136.95) (p < 0.01). Similarly, the levels of gastrocnemius lateralis exhibited a significant difference between AA and WC (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the essential, umami, and sweet amino acids were found to be significantly higher in WC compared to AA (p < 0.01). These findings offer valuable data and insights for accurately quantifying the TNM in livestock and for the development of further genetic breeding strategies for meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the important minor grain crops in China, and drought stress severely affects its yield and quality. To investigate the drought resistance characteristics of oat seedlings, this study used Baiyan 2, an oat cultivar at the three-leaf stage, as the experimental material. Drought stress was simulated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to treat the seedlings. The photosynthetic parameters and physicochemical indices of the treatment groups at 6 h and 12 h were measured and compared with the control group at 0 h. The results showed that drought stress did not significantly change chlorophyll content, but it significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic parameters while significantly increasing proline content. Transcriptome analysis was conducted using seedlings from both the control and treatment groups, comparing the two treatment groups with the control group using Tbtool software (v2.136). This analysis identified 344 differentially expressed genes. Enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes revealed significant enrichment in physiological pathways such as photosynthesis and ion transport. Ten differentially expressed genes related to the physiological process of photosynthetic carbon assimilation were identified, all of which were downregulated. Additionally, seven differentially expressed genes were related to ion transport. Through gene co-expression analysis combined with promoter region structure analysis, 11 transcription factors (from MYB, AP2/ERF, C2C2-dof) were found to regulate the expression of 10 genes related to photosynthetic carbon assimilation. Additionally, five transcription factors regulate the expression of two malate transporter protein-related genes (from LOB, zf-HD, C2C2-Dof, etc.), five transcription factors regulate the expression of two metal ion transporter protein-related genes (from MYB, zf-HD, C2C2-Dof), five transcription factors regulate the expression of two chloride channel protein-related genes (from MYB, bZIP, AP2/ERF), and two transcription factors regulate the expression of one Annexin-related gene (from NAC, MYB). This study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the molecular regulation of guard cells and offers a molecular basis for enhancing drought resistance in oats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathological mechanism of pathological scar is highly complex, encompassing the abnormalities of diverse cytokines, signaling pathways and regulatory factors. To discover more preferable scar treatment options, a variety of distinct approaches have been utilized clinically. Nevertheless, these treatments possess certain side effects and are inclined to relapse. Presently, pathological scar treatment remains a clinical conundrum, and there is an urgent demand for treatment methods that are safe, less traumatic and have lower recurrence rates. New drug delivery systems, novel therapeutic drugs and therapy strategies can enable drugs to permeate the skin effectively, decrease side effects, enhance drug efficacy and even achieve pain-free self-administration. Currently, novel nanotechnologies such as nanomicroneedles, photodynamics mediated by novel photosensitizers, bioelectrical stimulation and 3D printed dressings have been developed for the effective treatment of pathological scars. Additionally, innovative nanoscale fillers, including nano-fat and engineered exosomes, can serve as novel therapeutic agents for the efficient treatment of pathological scars. The intervention of nanomaterials can enhance drug absorption, stabilize and safeguard the active ingredients of drugs, delay or control drug release and enhance bioavailability. This article reviews these new treatment strategies for scar to explore novel approaches for efficient and safe for keloid treatment. Article highlights The pathological mechanism of pathological scars is highly complex, encompassing abnormalities in various cytokines, signaling pathways and regulatory factors. The treatment of pathological scars remains a challenging clinical issue and there is an urgent demand for methods that are safe, less traumatic and have a low recurrence rate. Nanomicroneedles constitute an emerging therapeutic modality that can be utilized either independently or as a delivery system for directly transporting drugs to the epidermis or dermis. It possesses the merits of being painless, minimally invasive, efficient, safe and convenient. The newly developed photosensitizers can ensure the depth of treatment and prompt PDT response. Particularly, the combination of photosensitizer-mediated PDT and nanozymes boosts the efficacy of PDT. The integration of the self-powered system and the nanocarriers is capable of generating bioelectrical stimulation and achieving synergistic antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby significantly expediting wound healing and preventing the formation of scar tissue. By integrating 3D printing technology with nanomaterials, it becomes feasible to acquire a dressing scaffold featuring a complex structure, precise size and the ability to promote wound healing and to achieve personalized wound dressings for facilitating wound healing. The treatment involving nanofat and combined platelet components can inhibit scar formation through influencing the signaling pathway, which constitutes a potential therapeutic strategy for scar treatment as well. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and their derivatives suppress ECM deposition in keloids through influencing the TGF-β/Smad and Notch-1 signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of α‐benzotriazinium ketones were prepared in 38%–89% yields through a copper(II)‐catalyzed Chan‐Lam reaction and [2,3]‐rearrangement in a one pot reaction open to air from N‐hydroxybenzotriazin‐4‐ones and alkenyl boronic acids at room temperature. Experimental results showed that the copper catalyst not only played as cross‐coupling catalyst but also served as Lewis acid catalyst to control the chemoselectivity of [2,3]‐rearrangement. The reaction tolerated various linear and cyclic disubstituted alkenyl boronic acids. Moreover, α‐benzotriazinium ketone could be easily prepared in gram scales. The present method highlights dual roles of copper catalyst and [2,3]‐rearrangement of N,O‐vinyl moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-artery atherosclerosis type of ischemic stroke happens when a blood clot forms in a major artery that carries blood to the brain. This causes a blockage and a decrease in blood flow to the brain tissue making up approximately 15–20% of all cases. This type of stroke is more prevalent in older adults and those with risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, and a family history of stroke. To investigate the correlation and predictive value of platelet-related biological indicators with recurrence of large-artery atherosclerosis type of ischemic stroke (LAA-IS)2. The patients were divided into a relapse group (R, n = 40) and non-relapse group (NR, n = 45). Platelet-related biological indicators were collected from both groups to analyze their correlation with neurological impairment score (NIHSS score). Risk factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression and a survival curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive effect of clinical platelet-related biological indicators on LAA-IS recurrence. This study confirmed that PAg-ADP, PAg-COL, and FIB are closely related to the formation of LAA-IS due to carotid atherosclerosis, and the combined PAg-ADP, PAg-COL, and FIB index levels are the most promising for assessing the prognostic development of recurrence in patients with LAA-IS. Combined monitoring of platelet aggregation rate and FIB index is of important evaluation value in judging the recurrence prognosis of LAA-IS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The surgical repair of inguinal hernias represents a significant risk for premature infants. Despite ongoing discourse, the optimal approach to hernia management remains contentious. Our investigation aims to establish the most favourable timing for inguinal repair in premature neonates. Patients and Methods: Our investigation involved the analysis of medical records for 536 neonates, born prematurely, who underwent inguinal hernia repair from January 2018 to December 2023. We dichotomised the cohort into two groups: those who received early repair and those who underwent late repair. The timing of the surgery was primarily determined by the surgeon's decision, in conjunction with familial consent to the surgical intervention. The primary endpoints were the incidence of recurrence or incarceration within 1 year after surgery. The secondary endpoints encompassed length of neonatal intensive care unit stay, post‐operative ventilator dependency, and frequency of return visits, whether to the inpatient and emergency department or an outpatient clinical setting, for hernia‐related issues. Results: The analysis encompassed a total of 454 neonates born prematurely, of which 163 underwent early repair, while 291 received late repair for inguinal hernia. The demographic data between the two groups demonstrated no significant differences. The occurrences of hernia recurrence and post‐operative apnoea presented similar trends across both cohorts. Notably, the late repair group exhibited an increased incidence of preoperative incarceration and return visits due to hernia complications. In this group, testicular atrophy or ovarian necrosis was observed in five cases, despite the overall absence of significant differences. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the surgical repair of inguinal hernia in preterm neonates, performed at the time of presentation to our clinics, is both safe and feasible. However, a delay in hernia repair appears to be associated with a heightened risk of severe complications, such as testicular atrophy or ovarian necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional method for synthesizing gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) is well established. However, the cytotoxicity resulting from the conjugates between hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and gold limits their biomedical applications. This study introduces a dual surfactant approach with CTAB and sodium oleate (NaOL) in the seed‐mediated synthesis of the AuNBPs, which can significantly reduce the CTAB concentration to 10 mM. Additionally, optimal growth conditions are achieved by varying the volumes of seed solution, AgNO3, and HCl. Under low CTAB concentrations, AuNBPs with tunable sizes and localized surface plasmon resonances between 600 and 1200 nm are successfully synthesized, as characterized by UV–vis‐NIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations. This work demonstrates a method for synthesizing AuNBPs at low CTAB concentrations using binary surfactants and provides a framework applicable to the synthesis of other metallic nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]