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This study investigated the influence of the number of nucleation sites on the evolution of the dissolved CO2 concentration of beer contained in an etched glass comprising 0 to 70 etchings. Four identically shaped glasses were studied, three etched and one non-etched. We followed the temporal evolution of the liquid (i.e., beer) and gaseous (i.e., CO2) phases of the beer for each of them. The gaseous phase is monitored by measuring the evolution of the dissolved CO2 concentration in the beer once poured into the glass. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques are used to quantify the mixing dynamics of the beer during the tasting. The results show that the CO2 concentration decreases approximately 3.7 times faster in the glass with 70 etchings than in the unetched glass. This study suggests a close link between the number of nucleation sites and the release of dissolved CO2 by different mechanisms: bubble bursting, molecular diffusion, and mass convection-diffusion, the latter being increased by liquid mixing mechanisms. On the one hand, too many bubbles will bother the consumer by causing a chemical sting and will quickly deplete the beer in dissolved gas. On the other hand, too few bubbles will not allow conveying the aromas to the surface and the consumer will judge the beer as too bland and not visually flattering, hence the need to find a compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic glasses (PGs) based on the self-assembly of monosized nanoparticles can be an effective tool for realizing disordered structures capable of tailoring light diffusion due to the establishment of Mie resonances. In particular, the wavelength position of these resonances depends mainly on the morphology (dimension) and optical properties (refractive index) of the building blocks. In this study, we report the fabrication and optical characterization of photonic glasses obtained via a self-assembling technique. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the infiltration of these systems with a green-emitting polymer enhances the properties of the polymer, resulting in a large increase in its photoluminescence quantum yield and a 3 ps growing time of the photoluminescence time decay Finally, the development of the aforementioned system can serve as a suitable low-cost platform for the realization of lasers and fluorescence-based bio-sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The possibility of pain occurring in animals is often accepted if various criteria are fulfilled. These criteria include prolonged grooming or rubbing at the site of a wound or tissue damage, or other behaviour involving the site of damage. We also expect to see a reduction in such activities if a local anaesthetic is applied. Here, we report on an experiment that applied caustic soda, a known irritant in humans, to one eyestalk of the glass prawn. This caused immediate escape responses and then nipping and picking at the treated eyestalk rather than at the untreated eyestalk. Prior application of a local anaesthetic reduced the amount of directed behaviour. However, the local anaesthetic also appeared to be an irritant as it too caused immediate escape responses and directed behaviour to the eyestalk. The results provide further support to the idea that these animals can experience pain. Acceptance of the possibility of pain in animals usually requires that various criteria are fulfilled. One such criterion is that a noxious stimulus or wound would elicit directed rubbing or grooming at the site of the stimulus. There is also an expectation that local anaesthetics would reduce these responses to damage. These expectations have been fulfilled in decapod crustaceans but there has been criticism of a lack of replication. Here, we report an experiment on the effects of a noxious chemical, sodium hydroxide, applied to one eyestalk of the glass prawn. This caused an immediate escape tail-flick response. It then caused nipping and picking with the chelipeds at the treated eyestalk but much less so at the alternative eyestalk. Prior treatment with benzocaine also caused an immediate tail-flick and directed behaviour, suggesting that this agent is aversive. Subsequently, however, it reduced the directed behaviour caused by caustic soda. We thus demonstrated responses that are consistent with the idea of pain in decapod crustaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tb3+-activated LTA zeolite-derived boro-aluminosilicate glass samples with a composition of xTb2O3-68(Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2)–32B2O3 (x = 0.2, 1.0 and 10 extra wt%) were prepared using the melt-quenching method. The emission spectra recorded upon ultraviolet (UV) excitation with two different wavelengths of 193 and 378 nm showed blue light (5D3 to 7FJ=6,5,4 and 5D4 to 7F6 transitions of Tb3+) and green light (5D4 to 7F5 transition of Tb3+) emissions with comparable intensities up to a Tb3+ concentration of 10 extra wt%. Of note, the mean decay times of the green luminescence of the glass samples were relatively fast (<20 μs). The synthesized glass has potential in applications concerning UV imaging, UV detection, and plasma display panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a new Os micro-distillation device made of glass. We call this glassware a glass conical vial (GCV). The bottom and cover top of the GVC are designed to be pointed in order to hold small droplets of <20 μl. The recovery of Os exceeded 93% after micr-odistillation of solutions containing as low as 0.6 ng of Os using GCVs. A simple HNO3–H2O-baking procedure to clean the used GCV resulted in background levels of Os and Re below 0.37 and 0.36 pg, respectively, even though micro-distilled solutions in the GCV contained up to 750 ng or 350 ng of Os or Re, respectively. The new device has the advantages of high Os recovery, low Os and Re background, and easy cleaning, and is especially suitable for micro-distillation of samples with a low Os content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radiation shielding properties of lead fluoroborate glasses containing 30 mol% SiO2 have been examined using Phy-X software. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) results demonstrated that the tetsed glasses are good attenuator against the low energy radiation, and their attenuation performance diminishes as the energy of the radiation increases. The MAC increases with the addition of PbF2, and the difference in MAC between the glasses with different PbF2 contents is significantly high at lower energy region. At high energy, the difference in MAC between the glasses is small which suggested that as the energy of the photons increases, the MAC for these glasses tend to converge. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for the glasses is investigated and we found that the LAC for the glass with 49 mol% of PbF2 is 58% bigger than that of the glass with 21 mol%. We investigated the average half value layer ( HVL ¯ ) for the tested glasses when exposed to 137Cs and 60Co and the results showed that the values of HVL ¯ for 60Co are about double those for 137Cs for all glasses, which suggests that the energies emitted by 60Co in general penetrate the glass sample more deeply in comparison with the photons emitted by 137Cs. The mean free path (MFP) of the glasses against the density shows the desirable properties of PbF2, as the MFP values decrease when the density increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to prepare modified glassy barriers of the composition (70 − x) mol% B2O3 + 20 mol% Na2O + 10 mol% BaO + x mol% La2O3 for use as radiation shielding materials. The cooling method has been considered for the sample's preparation process. The structural properties were investigated using density and Infrared Spectroscopy. The hardness of the prepared glasses was studied. The optical transmittance and absorbance of the prepared glasses was measured using optical spectra measurements. The prepared samples were exposed to a parallel beam of gamma rays emitted from different radioactive sources. Moreover, the shielding properties were evaluated experimentally and theoretically. The resulting value of the proposed programs is largely in line with the experimental values. The results prove that the studied glass has a largely shielding behavior for gamma rays by increasing lanthanum and vice versa for neutrons. In addition, it has been observed that the absorbance of glass samples and hardness values increase with increasing lanthanum content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how the addition of Bi2O3 to a glass composed of TiO2, Bi2O3, B2O3, and TeO2 affects its ability to block radiation, while examining how the amount of Bi2O3 in glass affects its radiation-shielding capacity. The results show that the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) is influenced by the energy of the radiation, the chemical composition of the sample, and its density. At lower energies, the glass with 30 mol% of both Bi2O3 and TeO2 tends to have higher LAC values compared to the other glasses. A considerable difference in the attenuation performance of the glasses at low- and high-energy levels was found. The LAC results demonstrate the role of Bi2O3 in the glass's shielding performance, where a high amount of Bi2O3 led to improved gamma radiation-shielding capability. The effective atomic number (Zeff) was within the 56.45–69.17 and 28.16–35.95 ranges at 0.122 and 0.411 MeV, respectively. The lowest Zeff was found at 1.460 MeV and ranged from 21.33 to 24.29. The results demonstrate that variations in the amount of Bi2O3 and TeO2 significantly influenced the Zeff of the selected glasses. The half value layer (HVL) values for the glass coded as Bi10 at 0.122, 0.344, 0.779, and 0.964 MeV were 0.088, 0.731, 1.703, and 1.985 cm, respectively, which shows that photons with high energy necessitate a thicker sample to shield its intensity by 50%. A relationship was also found between the density of the glasses and the HVL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic and extensive analytical study was carried out on the loose inlays discovered in the Ptolemaic workshop of Tebtynis (Fayum oasis, Egypt). This paper presents data derived from the multi‐methodological archaeometric investigations (optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, electron probe microanalysis, micro‐Raman spectroscopy) performed on a set of intentionally colored and opacified glasses. In particular, we will discuss the textural, chemical, and mineralogical results related to the study of the yellow, yellowish‐orange, red, and brown inlays and semi‐finished/waste products now preserved at the Museo Egizio, Torino. The results highlight the presence of natron (low‐magnesium glasses, LMG) and plant ash (high‐magnesium glasses, HMG) base glass, coexisting with intermediate composition. Yellow samples are opacified using lead antimonates doped with iron and sometimes tin; conversely, yellowish‐orange specimens and the only brown sample are characterized by nanocrystals of cuprite. Red glasses are found in two variants: Dull reds are HMG with colloidal metallic copper particles, while sealing‐wax reds show LMG composition, associated with dendritic cuprite dispersed in a transparent, greenish matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vitro maturation (IVM) methods for porcine oocytes are still deficient in achieving full developmental capacity, as the currently available oocyte in vitro culture systems still have limitations. In vitro embryo production must also improve the porcine oocyte IVM system to acquire oocytes with good developmental potential. Herein, we tested a three-dimensional (3D) glass scaffold culture system for porcine oocyte maturation. After 42 h, we matured porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) on either two-dimensional glass dishes (2D-B), two-dimensional microdrops (2D-W), or 3D glass scaffolds. The 3D glass scaffolds were tested for porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development. Among these culture methods, the extended morphology of the 3D group maintained a 3D structure better than the 2D-B and 2D-W groups, which had flat COCs that grew close to the bottom of the culture vessel. The COCs of the 3D group had a higher cumulus expansion index and higher first polar body extrusion rate, cleavage rate, and blastocyst rate of parthenogenetic embryos than the 2D-B group. In the 3D group, the cumulus-expansion-related gene HAS2 and anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05), while the pro-apoptotic gene Caspase3 was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). The blastocysts of the 3D group had a higher relative expression of Bcl-2 , Oct4 , and Nanog than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The 3D group also had a more uniform distribution of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondria (p < 0.05), and its cytoplasmic active oxygen species content was much lower than that in the 2D-B group (p < 0.05). These results show that 3D glass scaffolds dramatically increased porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation, providing a suitable culture model for porcine oocytes. • Three-dimensional glass scaffolds improve porcine oocyte quality by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing reactive oxygen species. • Cumulus cells are shielded from apoptosis and oocyte survival is significantly improved by a three-dimensional scaffold. • The efficacy of porcine embryo production from oocytes matured in a new three-dimensional glass scaffold is enhanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optically transparent antenna fed by a coplanar L-probe is proposed in this paper. Indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) with a sheet resistance of 3.5 Ω/sq etched on a soda-lime glass substrate is used as radiation array and ground to achieve high optical transmittance. TM $ _{10} $ 10 and TM $ _{20} $ 20 modes are excited simultaneously to expand work bandwidth. The fabricated antenna achieves a –10 dB reflection bandwidth of 27.5% from 4.7 to 6.2 GHz with the overall size of 42 mm × 42 mm × 3.3 mm. Different from many antennas composed of ITO, the proposed antenna exhibits directional radiation patterns with the maximum realized gain of 4.6 dBi and the maximum efficiency of 61%. Meanwhile, the optical transmittance of the antenna can reach above 58%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium zinc borophosphate (LZBP) glasses, imbedded with Sm3+, Eu3+, & Sm3+/Eu3+ ions in solely and combinedly were synthesized using melt-quenching technique, and their energy-transfer-dependent photoluminescence (PL)-related characteristics were explored. LZBP: 0.5 % Sm3+ and LZBP: 0.5 % Eu3+ glasses exhibited intense orange and red emissions under 404 and 394 nm excitation wavelengths, respectively. When the Sm3+/Eu3+ codoped glass systems were excited with Sm3+ excitation (404 nm), has lead to a noticeable drop in the emission intensity of Sm3+ peaks at 562 nm (4G 5/2 → 6H 5/2 ; yellow), 602 nm (4G 5/2 → 6H 7/2 , orange), and 645 nm (4G 5/2 → 6H 9/2 , red) whereas the emission intensity of Eu3+ peaks at 591 nm (5D 0 →7F 1 ; orange) and 617 nm (5D 0 →7F 2 ; red) has enhanced. At the same time, the decay lifetime of singly doped Sm3+ decreased from 1.54 to 0.91 ms, with codoping different concentrations of Eu3+ ions. The decrease in both PL intensity and lifetimes of Sm3+ in the presence of Eu3+ suggests an efficient energy transfer (ET) from Sm3+→Eu3+, which is facilitated by dipole-dipole interaction. The ET from Sm3+→Eu3+ achieved through the channels, Sm3+:4G 5/2 + Eu3+:7F 1 → Sm3+:6H 7/2 + Eu3+:5D 0 and Sm3+:4G 5/2 + Eu3+:7F 2 → Sm3+:6H 5/2 + Eu3+:5D 1. Furthermore, ET from Sm3+ to Eu3+ is supported by the spectral overlay between Sm3+ emission and Eu3+ absorption, ET parameters (η (Sm 3 + ⟶ Eu 3 + ) = 40.91 % and P (Sm 3 + ⟶ Eu 3 + ) = 1098.9 S-1). The shift in color coordinated from orange to red, with an increase in Eu3+ doping content in the codoped glasses at 404 nm excitation demonstrates the promising application of the Sm3+/Eu3+ codoped glass system in orange-red light-emitting diodes. LZBP: 0.5 Sm3+/1.0 Eu3+ codoped glass exhibited good thermal stability (E a = 0.19 eV), depending on temperature-dependent PL properties. The quantum yield (η) for the LZBP glass containing 0.5 Sm3+/1.0 Eu3+ codoped ions is evaluated to be 44.6 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the La 2 O 3 addition on the microstructure, linear and nonlinear optical parameters of nickel borate glass was carefully investigated for the La 2 O 3 –NiO–BaO–B 2 O 3 system. The La 2 O 3 content of the present glass was varied from 0.0 to 10.0 mol%, while the glass modifiers of BaO and glass intermediate of NiO were fixed at 19 and 1.5 mol%, respectively. Based on the structural investigations, the bond density remarkably increased from 7.37 × 10 19 m − 3 to 8.66 × 10 19 m − 3 by a ratio of 18 % with increasing La 2 O 3 /B 2 O 3 ratios. Additionally, the presence of Ni2+ ions as NiO 6 units was confirmed by the brown shade originating from the absorption band observed at 427 nm in the optical absorbance of the studied glass. Furthermore, the Ni3+ ions do not play a role in the coloring of the glass. Moreover, the fundamental absorption edges of the glass shift towards lower energy values with increasing La 2 O 3 concentrations, confirming the decreased behavior of the band gaps. Moreover, the linear and nonlinear refractive indices increase with increasing of La 2 O 3 concentrations. Additionally, the ligand field characteristics of Ni cations, such as the ligand field splitting parameter and Racah parameter, exhibit opposite behaviors upon introducing additional La 2 O 3 content. A decrease in values of the ligand field splitting, while the Racah parameters exhibit increased values. The observed outcomes demonstrate a tendency of the bonds connecting the Ni ions and their ligands to possess higher degrees of ionic nature. Based on the results, the present glass samples can function as solar thermal collectors by collecting sunlight and utilizing it for direct heating and indirect electrical power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VO 2 (M) films have been considered as promising thermochromic coatings for application in smart windows. Meanwhile, the comprehensive performance of the films required for practical smart windows and their large-scale preparation are still great challenges. In this study, a one-step ultraviolet (UV) photo-assisted spray pyrolysis route was developed to prepare thermochromic VO 2 (M) films on TiO 2 -buffered soda–lime glass substrates based on molecular dynamicsimulations and related experiments. According to the results, both the luminous transmittance and solar modulation efficiency of the film deposited at 450 °C and exposed to UV photo-irradiation increased by 17% and 40%, respectively, as compared to those of the non-irradiated films. In the case of VO 2 and TiO 2 single layers as well as bilayer VO 2 /TiO 2 films deposited on substrates preheated to 350 °C-550 °C, it was found that UV irradiation could promote crystallization along with regulating the phase structure, orientation, and morphology, which enhanced thermochromic performance of the photo-treated films. Therefore, photo-assisted spray pyrolysis deposition is a facile, cost-effective and scalable technology for improving the comprehensive performance of as-obtained materials, which is appealing in the large-scale preparation of VO 2 smart windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural, chemical, and microstructural changes in lithium aluminum silicate glass during ceramming are tracked by in‐situ impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The glass' electric and dielectric properties are found to evolve during the ceram cycle. Scaling of frequency‐dependent electrical conductivity and dielectric properties provides temperature‐independent information of bulk phases and interfaces in presence. The initial glass is an ion conductor with Li‐ion mobility following simple Arrhenius‐type behavior. At the nucleation onset, a badly defined, broad feature appears in the impedance spectra, that represents early‐stage nuclei with their interfaces and evolves over time into separate contributions from internal interfaces and ion mobility in crystalline phase. Impedance tracking suggests that nuclei form by de‐mixing and phase separation of the glass, first producing interfaces in a very defective structure before the well‐defined structure and chemistry of crystalline β‐quartz crystal develop in a second time. Findings are supported by XRD and TEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermodynamics and kinetics of interdiffusion are analyzed for the case of glass ion exchange, a process by which alkali ions from a glass inter‐diffuse with different, usually larger, alkali ions from a surrounding salt bath. The spontaneity of the ion exchange reaction is driven by entropy production. This paper details the first derivation and quantification of the entropy produced during this process. We present models for the evolution of the ion concentration profile for both common and extreme conditions, validate against experimental literature, and derive the entropy produced due to ion exchange as a function of time, temperature, composition, diffusivity, and glass and salt bath dimensions. Results reveal that when considering typical industrial parameter sets, the entropy produced in the glass accounts for <10% of the total entropy production, with the entropy produced in the salt bath being the dominant factor driving reaction spontaneity. Using the equations derived in this work, one can calculate concentration profile and entropy production for a two‐ion interdiffusion process between a low‐viscosity liquid and materials including, by not limited to, glass‐forming systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐refractive index glasses with ultra‐high Young's modulus and superior hardness have significant application in optical lenses. Research indicates that high‐entropy glasses, enriched with high dissociation energy and high‐field strength components, enhance the mechanical properties of glass. In this study, we tailored high‐entropy glasses to achieve superior optical and mechanical attributes by optimizing heavy metal oxide components and adjusting the Al2O3 content. The resultant 10RE2O3‐10Gd2O3‐32Al2O3‐36Ta2O5‐12ZrO2 (RE = La, Tm, Lu) glass demonstrates a refractive index of 2.028, a Young's modulus of 186.2 GPa, and a Vickers hardness of 9.18 GPa. The glass was colorless and widely transparent, in the visible‐to‐infrared region from 312.5 to 6674 nm, and the maximum transmittance reach up to 79.3%. These results indicate that the 10RE2O3‐10Gd2O3‐32Al2O3‐36Ta2O5‐12ZrO2 glass would be useful for camera and detector lenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field strength effect on fracture toughness was tested for three alkaline earth (AE) aluminoborosilicate (ABS) glasses. This work explores the impact of modifier field strength (FS) on macro‐mechanical properties in line with previous works which examined the FS effect on structure, hardness, crack resistance, and elastoplastic properties of alkali and AE‐ABS glasses. Fracture toughness (KIcVNB) was found to increase as modifier FS increased; and the elastoplastic ratio (HV/E) correlated well with plasticity, hardness, and fracture toughness. The purpose of this work is to examine the mechanical response of AE‐ABS glasses at a larger length scale in order to determine whether the field strength effect is active as was observed at lower length scales in previous works. The observed increase and decrease of the KIcVNB and HV/E, respectively, with increasing modifier FS, suggest a strong correlation between increasing fracture toughness and crack resistance with increasing plasticity for the AE‐ABS glasses studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass samples belonging the TeO 2 - Ta 2 O 5 - Bi 2 O 3 (TTB) system are prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique and the corresponding vitreous domain is identified. A crystallization study of the 80 TeO 2 - 10 Ta 2 O 5 - 10 Bi 2 O 3 glass composition versus temperature shows structural transitions from glass to the stabilization of an unreported translucent anti-glass phase and eventually to a fully transparent crystalline ceramic in both the visible and infrared ranges. The structure and microstructure of the anti-glass and ceramic phases are characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffraction, Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The optical properties of undoped and Er3+-doped transparent samples are also discussed. Up-conversion green emission band shows that the glass intensity is about 2 and 4 times more intense than that of the anti-glass and the ceramic, respectively. Furthermore, a large spectral bandwidth of 105 nm is found in the anti-glass sample. The advantageous spectroscopic characteristics found here, together with the good thermal stability of these samples, suggest that the anti-glass phase has potential applications as amplification medium for the generation of ultrashort (femtoseconds) pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a broadband near-infrared emission ranging from 1400 to 1660 nm in Er3+-doped nanocrystal-modified PbO-PbF 2 -Bi 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 glasses. After heat treatment, X-ray diffraction measurements were performed and confirmed that PbBiO 2 F nanocrystals were precipitated in the precursor glasses. As nanocrystals alter the local environment around Er3+ ions, the emission spectrum of the transition 4I 13/2 →4I 15/2 is broadened and enhanced, resulting in a broadband emission and an FWHM wavelength range of 143.4 nm from 1470.1 to 1613.5 nm, which overlaps the S+C+L optical communications windows. In addition, the emission intensity of the 4I 11/2 →4I 13/2 transition is also found to be increased after heat treatment, thus enhancing the λ∼2750 nm emission intensity. Our results indicate that an Er3+-doped nanocrystal-modified PbO-PbF 2 -Bi 2 O 3 -Ga 2 O 3 glass could be a competitive candidate material that can offer improved bandwidths for S+C+L broadband amplifiers used in very high-capacity optical communications systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the implementation of lung cancer screening programs, an increasing number of pulmonary nodules have been detected.Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) could provide adequate tissue specimens for pathological analysis, and has few postoperative complications.However, locating the nodules intraoperatively by palpation can be difficult for thoracic surgeons. The preoperative pulmonary nodule localization technique is a very effective method.We compared the safety and effectiveness of two methods for the preoperative localization of pulmonary ground glass nodules. Methods: From October 2020 to April 2021, 133 patients who underwent CT-guided single pulmonary nodule localization were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) after successful localization. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the localization accuracy, safety, information related to surgery and postoperative pathology information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the two localization needles. Results: The mean maximal transverse nodule diameters in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 8.97 ± 3.85 mm and 9.00 ± 3.19 mm, respectively (P = 0.967). The localization times in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 20.58 ± 2.65 min and 21.43 ± 3.06 min, respectively (P = 0.09). The dislodgement rate was significantly higher in the hook wire group than in the four-hook needle group (7.46% vs. 0, P = 0.024). The mean patient pain scores based on the visual analog scale in the four-hook needle and hook wire groups were 2.87 ± 0.67 and 6.10 ± 2.39, respectively (P = 0.000). All ground glass nodules (GGNs) were successfully resected by VATS. Conclusions: Preoperative pulmonary nodule localization with both a four-hook needle and hook wire is safe, convenient and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quenched disorders could bring novel quantum excitations and models to certain quantum magnets. Motivated by recent experiments on the quantum Ising magnet TmMgGaO4, we explore the effects of the quenched disorder and the interlayer coupling in this triangular lattice Ising antiferromagnet. It is pointed out that the weak quenched (nonmagnetic) disorder would convert the emergent 2D Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) phase and the critical region into a U(1) gauge glass. There will be an emergent Halperin–Saslow mode associated with this gauge glass. Using the Imry-Ma's renormalization group result, we explain the fate of the finite-field C 3 symmetry breaking transition at the low temperatures. The ferromagnetic interlayer coupling would suppress the BKT phase and generate a tiny ferromagnetism. With quenched disorders, this interlayer coupling changes the 2D gauge glass into a 3D gauge glass, and the Halperin–Saslow mode persists. This work merely focuses on addressing a phase regime in terms of emergent U(1) gauge glass behaviors and hope to inspire future works and thoughts in weakly disordered frustrated magnets in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent luminescence phosphor nanoparticles (PersLNPs) offer exciting opportunities for anticounterfeiting, data storage, imaging displays, or AC‐driven lighting applications owing to the possibility to process them as shapable thin coatings. However, despite unique delayed and long‐lasting luminescence, the relatively low storage capacity of persistent phosphor nanoparticles combined with the difficulty of harvesting photons from transparent thin layers drastically hinder the perceived afterglow. In order to enhance persistent luminescence (PersL) of thin coatings, herein a novel approach is proposed based on resonant optical nanostructures. In particular, it is demonstrated that the integration of TiO2 scattering spheres in films (with thickness comprised between 1 and 10 µm) made of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ PersLNPs enables a significant increase in afterglow intensity due to the combination of effective charging and enhanced outcoupling. As a result, a ≈3.5‐fold enhancement of the PersL is observed in 2 µm‐thick films stuffed with scattering centers using low‐light illumination conditions. Furthermore, inclusion of scattering centers leads to an unprecedented acceleration of the PersL charging speed. These results constitute the first example of photonic engineering applied to enhance the properties of PersL materials coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rational design and fabrication approach is proposed for suspended multicore fibers, resulting in the creation of dual‐core and triple‐core suspended fibers with different diameters and one‐side cladding. These fibers are tailored for near‐infrared spectroscopy applications. The multicore‐suspended fibers offer an amplified electromagnetic field effect due to the exposure of the core to the analyte, leading to a significant 16 dB drop in transmittance at the fingerprint absorption line of the analyte. Numerical models indicate that the suspended core with a diameter of 3.52 μ$\umu$m exhibits a superior evanescent field in the boundary between the core and the contact point with the cladding, in comparison to the tested cores with diameters of 3.99 and 12.06 μ$\umu$m. The successful fabrication of these multicore‐suspended fibers represents a promising advancement toward achieving highly sensitive molecular signature detection capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the structural and elastic properties of x PbF 2 – 20 Bi 2 O 3 – 10 MoO 3 – (70-x) B 2 O 3 (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mol%) glasses with an emphasis on the effects of different PbF 2 concentrations. Amorphousness of the samples is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) inspection because no identifiable peaks are present. Changes in the connectivity and structure of the glass network can be detected by the observed 17 % increase in glass density from 4.1024 g/cm3 to 4.7956 g/cm3 as PbF 2 concentration increases. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy investigations revealed the increase of PbF 2 results in the creation of Pb 1 / 2 2 + [F-BO 4/2 ], [PbF9+] units and the conversion of BO 3 to BO 4 units. These structural changes are emphasised by the shift towards higher wavenumbers and the progressive widening of the bands from 1200 cm−1 to 1500 cm−1. The results show an increase in the proportion of N 4 with additional PbF 2 , which affects the elastic properties of the glass. The computed elastic moduli demonstrate that the increase in [PbF9+] structural units caused by PbF 2 addition causes polymerization in the molybdenum bismuth-borate network. The increasing rigidity of the glass network is further increased by the formation of highly coordinated [PbF9+] and by the increasing parameters of K MM and K BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Eu-doped 10HfO 2 –10Al 2 O 3 –80SiO 2 glass ceramics with different Eu concentrations were prepared by the melt-quenching method using an optical floating zone furnace, and optical and scintillation properties were investigated to apply them for radiation detectors. All the glass ceramic samples were transparent, although they included not only an amorphous phase but also a crystal phase of cubic-HfO 2. Photoluminescence and scintillation peaks due to Eu2+ were detected at 400–550 nm. In the glass ceramic samples with higher Eu concentration, the luminescence of Eu3+ was also observed. Quantum yields and afterglow levels decreased with increasing Eu concentration. The 1.0% Eu-doped sample had the highest light yield among all our glass samples, and the light yield was 630 photons/MeV under γ-ray irradiation from 137Cs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of utilizing calumite (BSF) in the glass-ceramic industry was analyzed in this study. The properties of melaphyre glasses modified with 25 % and 50 % of calumite were determined after the post-melting and directional crystallization process. The produced glasses were subjected to microstructural analysis using light LM and scanning electron microscopy SEM. Their chemical composition was determined using XRF spectroscopy. After melting and directional crystallization, the glasses' structural tests were performed using FTIR spectroscopy and XRD phase analysis. The characteristic temperatures and the thermal stability of the glasses were determined with thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and dilatometric tests, which analysis was also valuable to determine the parameters of the directional crystallization process of melaphyre glasses. The results showed that unmodified melaphyre glasses demonstrate a low crystallization ability and do not crystallize even at 900 °C, while incorporating calumite into their composition increases their crystallization ability. The study showed that calumite significantly influences the chemical and structural characteristics of melaphyre glasses, which gives it the chance to be successfully used as a raw material for producing glass crystalline materials or mineral fibres. Notably, the findings underscore the potential utility of calumite as a proficient raw material for fabricating glass crystalline fibrous or insulating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotic manipulation requires object pose knowledge for the objects of interest. In order to perform typical household chores, a robot needs to be able to estimate 6D poses for objects such as water glasses or salad bowls. This is especially difficult for glass objects, as for these, depth data are mostly disturbed, and in RGB images, occluded objects are still visible. Thus, in this paper, we propose to redefine the ground-truth for training RGB-based pose estimators in two ways: (a) we apply a transparency-aware multisegmentation, in which an image pixel can belong to more than one object, and (b) we use transparency-aware bounding boxes, which always enclose whole objects, even if parts of an object are formally occluded by another object. The latter approach ensures that the size and scale of an object remain more consistent across different images. We train our pose estimator, which was originally designed for opaque objects, with three different ground-truth types on the ClearPose dataset. Just by changing the training data to our transparency-aware segmentation, with no additional glass-specific feature changes in the estimator, the ADD-S AUC value increases by 4.3%. Such a multisegmentation can be created for every dataset that provides a 3D model of the object and its ground-truth pose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate materials are widely applied in electronic components due to their excellent microwave dielectric properties. However, the absence of LTCC materials with a lower dielectric constant and higher mechanical strength restricts the creation of integrated and minified electronic devices. In this work, sol–gel-derived CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS) glass/Al2O3 composites with high flexural strength and low dielectric constant were successfully prepared using the LTCC technique. Among the composites sintered at different temperatures, the composites sintered at 870 °C for 2 hours possess a dielectric constant of 6.3 (10 GHz), a dielectric loss of 0.2%, a flexural strength of 245 MPa, and a CTE of 5.3 × 10−6 K−1, demonstrating its great potential for applications in the electronic package field. By analyzing the CBS glass' physical characteristics, it was found that the sol–gel-derived glass has an extremely low dielectric constant of 3.6 and does not crystallize or react with Al2O3 at the sintering temperature, which is conducive to improving the flexural strength and reducing the dielectric constant of CBS glass/Al2O3 composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the effects of densification through high pressure and temperature (up to 5 GPa, 1000 °C) in the making of nanogratings in pure silica glass, inscribed with femtosecond laser. The latter were monitored through retardance measurements using polarized optical microscopy, and their internal structure was observed under scanning electron microscopy. We reveal the difficulty in making nanogratings in densified silica glasses. Based on this observation, we propose that free volume may be a key precursor to initiate nanograting formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poisson's ratio is the fundamental metric used to discuss the performance of any material when strained elastically. However, the methods of the determination of Poisson's ratio are not yet discussed well. The first purpose of this paper is to introduce the five kinds of typical experimental methods to measure Poisson's ratio of glasses, ceramics, and crystals. The second purpose is to discuss the experimental results on the variation of Poisson's ratio by composition, temperature, and pressure reviewed for various glasses, ceramics, and crystals, which are not yet reviewed. For example, in oxide glasses, the number of bridging oxygen atoms per glass-forming cation provides a straightforward estimation of network crosslinking using Poisson's ratio. In the structural-phase transition of crystals, Poisson's ratio shows remarkable temperature-dependence in the vicinity of a phase-transition temperature. The mechanism of these variations is discussed from physical and chemical points of view. The first-principles calculation of Poisson's ratio in the newly hypothesized compounds is also described, and its pressure-induced ductile–brittle transition is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart glasses were perceived to be potentially revolutionary for healthcare, however, there is only limited research on the acceptance and social implications of smart glasses in healthcare. This study aims to get a better insight into the theoretical foundations and the purpose was to identify themes regarding adoption, mediation, and the use of smart glasses from the perspective of healthcare professionals. A qualitative research design with focus groups was used to collect data. Three focus groups with 22 participants were conducted. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Our analysis revealed six overarching themes related to the anticipated adoption of smart glasses: knowledge, innovativeness, use cases, ethical issues, persuasion, and attitude. Nine themes were found related to anticipated mediation and use of smart glasses: attention, emotions, social influences, design, context, camera use, risks, comparisons to known products, and expected reaction and might influence the acceptance of smart glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing a BaO–TiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –Na 2 O–SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –Fe 2 O 3 multicomponent glass system, this study achieves in-situ precipitation of BaTiO 3 and BaFe 12 O 19 within a glass matrix. This method enables precise control over crystal content and electromagnetic properties. An optimal composition ratio of BaTiO 3 to BaFe 12 O 19 at 3:2 demonstrates exceptional impedance matching and remarkable electromagnetic attenuation. At 3.7 GHz, the glass ceramic exhibits a minimal reflection loss of −44.5 dB, while maintaining an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.93 GHz with a 2 mm thickness. This research underscores the promising potential of magnetoelectric glass ceramics as advanced materials for achieving high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate novel glass materials applicable to W-LED, we designed and prepared a series of glasses with varying compositions. The compositions of the glasses were (64-x)B 2 O 3 –15Al 2 O 3 –10Na 2 O–10Bi 2 O 3 -xCaF 2 -0.5Dy 2 O 3 -0.5Eu 2 O 3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25). The glasses were synthesized using the melting quenching method. The effect of CaF 2 on the structural feature of fluoroborate glass was studied by infrared spectroscopy analyses. Determination of fluorine content in glass by 19F NMR inversion spectroscopy. The absorbance of glass increased as the CaF 2 content increased in the visible and ultraviolet light ranges. The optical band gap of the prepared glasses was obtained from the absorption spectrum, which confirmed the existence of nonbridging oxygen (NBO) in the glass network structure. The fluorescence lifetime of the glass increases with increasing CaF 2 content, and the quantum yield of the glass first increases and then decreases. In addition, fluoroborate glass had a lower Urbach energy, indicating that its network structure was relatively uniform and stable. In contrast, the increase in Urbach energy is due to the substitution of CaF 2 , leading to more defects. By adjusting the excitation wavelength and CaF 2 content, the color temperature (1598–3346 K) and color rendering index (36–63) of fluoroborate glass can be effectively adjusted. These results show that the prepared Dy/Eu co-doped fluoroborate glasses have a potential application in white lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive coatings on a glass substrate are widely used in electronics and automotive, ship, aircraft, and optical industries. The method for obtaining electroconductive polyacrylate coatings filled with bimetal Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni particles and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is developed in this work. At the ratio GNPs:bimetal powder:polymer of (33–35):(17–35):(30–50) (wt%) and the coating thickness 50 μm specific volume resistance is 0.12–0.26 Ω·cm owing to the percolation effect. Bimetal particles are synthesized by nickel or copper ions reduction from aqueous solutions on copper or zinc particles. Their composition is regulated by the duration of metal ions reduction. Bimetal particles have a structure of copper or zinc core with a loose shell of nickel or copper nanoparticles, they ensure the contact between GNPs forming a continuous network in polymer matrix. GNPs are obtained by thermal exfoliation of natural flake graphite treated in liquid ammonia containing metal sodium. Polymer composite is prepared using the solution of methyl‐ and n‐butylmethacrylate copolymer. Coatings have adequate adhesion to the glass, and owing to their high conductivity, absence of noble metals, simplicity and cheapness of fabrication can be used for production of conductive elements on glass and other substrates. Highlights: Cu–Ni, Zn–Cu, or Zn–Ni powder and GNPs filled conductive polyacrylate coatingsBimetal core‐shell particles are obtained by Ni(II) or Cu(II) reduction in solutionsBimetal particles and GNPs form a network in polymer with percolation effectSpecific volume resistance of coatings 50 μm thick on glass is 0.12–0.26 Ω·cmCoatings conductivity and adhesion to glass open great prospects for application [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glassy Na‐ion solid‐state electrolytes (GNSSEs) are an important group of amorphous SSEs. However, the insufficient ionic conductivity of state‐of‐the‐art GNSSEs at room temperature lessens their promise in the development of all‐solid‐state Na‐ion batteries (ASSNIBs) with high energy density and improved safety. Here we report the discovery of a new sodium superionic glass, 0.5Na2O2‐TaCl5 (NTOC), based on dual‐anion sublattice of oxychlorides. The unique local structures with abundant bridging and non‐bridging oxygen atoms contributes to a highly disordered Na‐ion distribution as well as low Na+ migration barrier within NTOC, enabling an ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 4.62 mS cm−1 at 25 °C (more than 20 times higher than those of previously reported GNSSEs). Moreover, the excellent formability of glassy NTOC electrolyte and its high electrochemical oxidative stability ensure a favourable electrolyte‐electrode interface, contributing to superior cycling stability of ASSNIBs for over 500 cycles at room temperature. The discovery of glassy NTOC electrolyte would reignite research enthusiasm in superionic glassy SSEs based on multi‐anion chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glassy Na‐ion solid‐state electrolytes (GNSSEs) are an important group of amorphous SSEs. However, the insufficient ionic conductivity of state‐of‐the‐art GNSSEs at room temperature lessens their promise in the development of all‐solid‐state Na‐ion batteries (ASSNIBs) with high energy density and improved safety. Here we report the discovery of a new sodium superionic glass, 0.5Na2O2‐TaCl5 (NTOC), based on dual‐anion sublattice of oxychlorides. The unique local structures with abundant bridging and non‐bridging oxygen atoms contributes to a highly disordered Na‐ion distribution as well as low Na+ migration barrier within NTOC, enabling an ultrahigh ionic conductivity of 4.62 mS cm−1 at 25 °C (more than 20 times higher than those of previously reported GNSSEs). Moreover, the excellent formability of glassy NTOC electrolyte and its high electrochemical oxidative stability ensure a favourable electrolyte‐electrode interface, contributing to superior cycling stability of ASSNIBs for over 500 cycles at room temperature. The discovery of glassy NTOC electrolyte would reignite research enthusiasm in superionic glassy SSEs based on multi‐anion chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sealants based on glass have been widely used in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and have shown considerable potentials due to their low leakage rate. We report a tape of sealant made by adding different contents of diopside into silicate glass, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matching that of adjacent components. Glass-diopside composite sealing material can block the diffusion of chromium from interconnect has been studied. The structure of the 20 wt% diopside doped silicate glass is stable at high temperatures with leakage rates less than 0.004 sccm∙cm−1, and no crystal except for diopside is found in XRD analysis after heating at 750 °C for 100 h. Excellent interface compatibility between the sealant and SUS430 interconnect was proved by SEM at 750 °C for 100 h. The above results prove the possibility of using glass-diopside composite sealing material for SOFC applications. • A composite sealing material is designed by doping diopside into glass. • The CTE of composite sealing material matches that of the adjacent components. • The composite sealing material doped with 20 wt% shows good sealing properties. • The designed composite sealing material has excellent resistance to Cr diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-refractive index glasses are used to produce glass lenses by the precision optical Glass Mold Press (GMP) process and have been extensively studied because of increased demand for their application in telecommunications, optical lenses, and cameras. Borate glasses containing Ta 2 O 5 , Nb 2 O 5 , La 2 O 3 and Gd 2 O 3 have mainly been used as materials for GMP because of their excellent optical properties and low production cost. This study conducted a systematic investigation of the B 2 O 3 –La 2 O 3 –Ta 2 O 5 –SiO 2 quaternary glass system for precision GMP applications. The glass forming range of the quaternary system was studied using (B 2 O 3 +SiO 2)–La 2 O 3 –Ta 2 O 5 and changes in physical and thermal properties such as refractive index, density and glass transition temperature of the obtained glasses were examined. Compositional dependent structural changes were also inspected by Raman spectroscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses, to determine the compositions' effect on thermal and optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow-band blue luminescence materials are desirable in full color display with wide color gamut. Divalent rare earth europium doped luminescence materials show excellent optical properties as promising backlit materials in display. However, narrow-band blue luminescence materials are still lacking. Herein, novel blue emitting Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs are precipitated in the glasses, and effects of EuCl 3 doping concentration and heat-treatment conditions on the growth behavior and optical properties of Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs precipitated in glasses are investigated. Doping concentration of EuCl 3 in glass and the heat-treatment condition can effectively regulate the Eu2+/Eu3+ molar ratio in glasses, size of Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs, and effective doping concentration of Eu2+ ions in CsCaCl 3 NCs formed in the glasses. Besides, effect of phase separation on glass transmittance is explored to improve the glass optical properties. Upon incorporation of Eu2+ ions into CsCaCl 3 NCs in glasses, blue photoluminescence at 435 nm with full width at half maximum of 22 nm and color purity of ∼97.2 % is realized, and concomitantly, photoluminescence lifetimes are extended and quantum efficiency are significantly improved. These results demonstrate that Eu2+: CsCaCl 3 NCs doped glasses are promising blue emitting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive theoretical and experimental study describing the effect of B 2 O 3 (0–30 wt%) on softening, liquidus, and crystallization temperatures, flow behaviour, and dynamic viscosity of the glass-based oxide system SiO 2 (64.64–43.21 wt%)-MgO(10 wt%)-CaO(15.86–7.29 wt%)-Al 2 O 3 (9.50 wt%)-B 2 O 3 with a constant basicity of 0.4 was carried out. The experimental data was obtained up to 1550 °C using a high-temperature rheometer and were supported by the study of the internal structure by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The increasing addition of boron oxide caused a decrease in the start and end softening and liquidus temperatures. At 1550 °C, the systems exhibited Newtonian behaviour, with a dynamic viscosity increasing exponentially with a decreasing temperature and decreasing with increasing B 2 O 3 content. The amorphous character of the samples and the formation of structural units [BO 2 O−] and [BO 3 ] and [BO 4 ], confirmed by complementary analyses, led to a decrease in the degree of polymerization of the silicate structure. The theoretical insight into the dependence of dynamic viscosity on the temperature and composition was realized based on molecular dynamics. Furthermore, the prediction of viscosity as a function of temperature (1230–1550 °C) and the change in chemical composition (0–30 wt% B 2 O 3) was performed using artificial neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastes are often an under-utilized source of raw materials. Bottom ashes resulting from incineration processes can contain various metal oxides, including many commonly used in glass making. This research studied the forming and properties of glasses made from two bottom ashes. Lignite bottom ash (BL) from Lampang, Thailand and a municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (BP) from Phuket, Thailand. Both bottom ashes were found to contain significant amounts of SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, and Fe2O3. After ball milling, the ashes were melted without additions, at temperatures from 1300 to 1500°C. The resulting glasses, as confirmed by XRD, were black and fully opaque, a result of the high Fe2O3 content. It was found that the BP glasses were slightly more refractory, had a greater average thermal conductivity of 1.52 W/m·K and a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 6.97x10-6/°C, compared to the BP glasses, which had an average thermal conductivity of 1.39 W/m·K and a CTE of 7.98x10-6/°C. The BL glasses also had a higher average density of 2.88 g/cm³ and a Vickers hardness of 6.29 GPa, compared to the BP glasses, with average values of 2.74 g/cm³ and 6.06 GPa, respectively. The increase of glass melting temperature up to 1450°C tended to improve the observed properties, followed by a decrease at 1500°C. Despite the atypical glass chemistry of the two bottom ashes, they were successfully melted to produce glasses and the measured properties demonstrated suitable potential to warrant further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the glass vessels found during the excavations of Kurul Kalesi in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu Province, Bayadı Village) in the years 2010-2022 will be examined within the context of their typological features and archaeological contexts. Although a couple of small finds dating to earlier times (4th century BC) have been discovered in the fortress, the strongest settlement phase belongs to the reign of Mithradates VI Eupator (120-63 BC) before the town was abandoned after the Roman defeat in c. 65-64 BC. The fact that the settlement had cultic as well as military areas presents a rich collection of small finds including many glass vessels. Among the glass finds found in the fortress, luxury products such as core-formed bottles, undecorated colourless cast bowl/plate (?), opaque blue bowl fragments, reticella and mosaic bowls stand out. However, grooved bowls, which were distributed over a wide geography in the Late Hellenistic Period, are also among the finds as typical forms of the period. It can be concluded that the glass vessels found in the fortress consisting mostly of luxury glasses of their time are the productions of the Eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Islands. The findspots where the glass finds are unearthed can be listed as the Inner Fortress, the Northern Terrace, Storage Rooms, the cultic area where the famous marble statue of Kybele was found representing the goddess sitting on her throne within a niche and its surroundings, Dionysus Sanctuary, the area under a pile of stones (an area covered with stacked stones after losing its cultic function, including votive items inside it) and Administrative Buildings Area. In addition to glass vessels, many glass beads of different colours and shapes are among the glass finds of the fortress. Some of the glass vessels as well as the beads were votive objects offered to Kybele and especially Dionysus. This situation reveals that most of the glass objects found in Kurul Kalesi did not have any function in daily life but were votive objects. These glasses include some vessels that have never been recorded in the Eastern Black Sea coast of Anatolia until the excavations in Kurul Kalesi. For this reason, glass vessel dating back to the Hellenistic period found in the excavations in Kurul Kalesi is extremely important for helping us to determine the distribution areas of these glass products and reveal new information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the conventional melt-quench technique, a glass system of specific composition 20ZnO- (28-x) Te2O3-52B2O3: x mol% MnO where 'x' varies from 0.5 to 2.0 was synthesized. All the prepared glass samples were examined for their solid-state behavior by XRD and SEM those confirm the non-crystalline state. In this work, three important dielectric properties were experimentally measured across 1 to 100 kHz frequency and room temperature to 200oC range. These parameters show an increasing trend with dopant which confirms the growing degree of disorder due to trivalent manganese ions that acted as modifiers with large concentrations. However, the reasons for variation in activation energy including other dielectric parameters are discussed in detail through the oxidation states of manganese ions and their structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High technology is nowadays leading many aspects of life, like industrialization, education, innovations, and other fields. Moreover, high technology has gained the power to convert materials into smart ones that are not only self-adaptable and selfsensing but can also react to external environmental stimuli, whether by strengthening and embracing all wanted features or by expelling the unwanted ones. Unfortunately, architects are not aware of most of the technologies that can be implemented in building construction and finishing materials, so they squander all opportunities to produce a sustainable building and increase energy performance. The paper undertakes many phases to help architects understand and use smart materials in general and smart glass in particular. These phases start by revealing how materials can be converted into smart ones, followed by the characteristics of smart materials, their importance, types, applications, and advantages in architecture. Smart glass is presented to architects as one of the most significant examples of smart materials that play an important role in building envelopes. Therefore, all types of smart glass will be presented using a comparative analytical method to explain their benefits and features that can assist architects in applying sustainable principles in architecture. Moreover, the research suggests a methodology to assist architects in utilizing smart glass and choosing the most convenient according to surrounding stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of using quartz sands from the Oinakum deposit as a promising source of high-quality quartz-containing raw materials for the glass industry in order to obtain higher grades of glass is considered. The chemical, granulometric, and mineralogical compositions of quartz sands of the Oinakum deposit were investigated; different enrichment schemes were used to obtain high concentrations of quartz sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anew polyfunctional heat-resistant coating for protection from high-temperature gas corrosion (up to 900°C) swas synthesized based on glass in the system BaO–B2O3–SiO2. The synthesized heat-resistant polyfunctional coating has enhanced resistance to high-temperatures and high dielectric properties, thereby making it polyfunctional. The high level of the properties is afforded by a composition that is based on refractory glass and by the introduction of a coupling activator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In thin film technology, substrate materials happen to be one of the deposition parameters that determine the physical properties of films. Hence, soda-lime glass and quartz continue to be the widely utilized substrate materials because of their high-frequency performance, price, and surface quality. For certain applications, various substrate materials that provide an acceptable compromise for the work at hand are required. Soda-lime glass and quartz have been chosen as the substrates for the tin and chromium thin films that will be produced via thermal evaporation in a vacuum. A comparative study on the electrical properties of chromium films was made in the light of Fuchs–Sondheimer and Mayadas–Shatzkes theories. Numerous physical properties, including resistivity of infinitely thick film, sticking coefficient, conduction electron mean free, etc., may be determined from resistivity-thickness data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogenide alloys of As2Se3-Ag2Te-GeTe were synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. By the visual and XRD analyses, the state of obtaining alloys was proven (glass, crystalline, glass + crystalline), and the glass formation region in the system was established. The thermal characteristics of some samples were determined—temperatures of glass transition (Tg); crystallization (Tcr); and melting (Tm). The basic physicochemical parameters, such as density (d) and Vickers microhardness (HV), were measured. Compactness (C), as well as some thermomechanical characteristics, such as module of elasticity (E), volume (Vh), and formation energy (Eh) of micro-voids, were calculated, and the influence of the composition on these characteristics was investigated. The addition of silver telluride resulted in a decrease in Tg and HV values and an increase in d and Vh values. No thermochemical effects of crystallization or melting were detected in some of the alloys. The obtained results were in agreement with the available literature data for similar systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ICIE16-bioactive glass (BG) composition (in mol%: 49.5 SiO2, 6.6 Na2O, 36.3 CaO, 1.1 P2O5, and 6.6 K2O) has demonstrated excellent in vitro cytocompatibility when cultured with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs). However, its impact on the development of an osseous extracellular matrix (ECM) is limited. Since zinc (Zn) is known to enhance ECM formation and maturation, two ICIE16-BG-based Zn-supplemented BG compositions, namely 1.5 Zn-BG and 3Zn-BG (in mol%: 49.5 SiO2, 6.6 Na2O, 34.8/33.3 CaO, 1.1 P2O5, 6.6 K2O, and 1.5/3.0 ZnO) were developed, and their influence on BMSC viability, osteogenic differentiation, and ECM formation was assessed. Compared to ICIE16-BG, the Zn-doped BGs showed improved cytocompatibility and significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation. The expression level of the osteopontin gene was significantly higher in the presence of Zn-doped BGs. A larger increase in collagen production was observed when the BMSCs were exposed to the Zn-doped BGs compared to that of the ICIE16-BG. The calcification of the ECM was increased by all the BG compositions; however, calcification was significantly enhanced by the Zn-doped BGs in the early stages of cultivation. Zn constitutes an attractive addition to ICIE16-BG, since it improves its ability to build and calcify an ECM. Future studies should assess whether these positive properties remain in an in vivo environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]