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Research indicates that inducing high-level construal (processing that highlights invariant, essential features) relative to low-level construal (processing that highlights idiosyncratic, peripheral features) promotes self-control (Fujita & Carnevale, 2012). In the present work, we investigate to what extent people recognize the self-control benefits of high-level construal, and explore the consequences of this knowledge. Studies 1 and 2 provide initial evidence that individuals are aware that high-level relative to low-level construal promotes self-control in the dieting domain. Studies 3 and 4 find that individual differences in this knowledge predict self-control success outcomes (i.e., body mass index) among those who are motivated by dieting goals. Examining academics as a domain of self-control, Study 5 demonstrates that those with higher knowledge of construal level's impact on self-control earned higher end-of-semester grades to the extent that they were motivated to do well academically. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

We first provide details for the proof of Fujita's second theorem for K\"ahler fibre spaces over a curve, asserting that the direct image $V$ of the relative dualizing sheaf splits as the direct sum $ V = A \oplus Q$, where $A$ is ample and $Q$ is unitary flat. Our main result then answers in the negative the question posed by Fujita whether $V$ is semiample. In fact, $V$ is semiample if and only if $Q$ is associated to a representation of the fundamental group of $B$ having finite image. Our examples are based on hypergeometric integrals., Comment: 26 pages, the article is dedicated to Yujiro Kawamata on the occasion of his 60-th birthday

We generalize a result of Fujita, on the decomposition of Hodge bundles over curves, to the case of a higher dimensional base., Comment: 10 pages

This is an article to introduce discrete nonlinear p-Laplacian parabolic equations on networks and discuss the conditions under which blow-up occurs for the solutions. We first deal with the case p = 2, introducing a recent result about the blow-up phenomena for the solutions. Secondly, we deal with the general p-Laplacian case. In each case, we classify the parameters depending on the equations so that we can see when the solutions blow up or globally exist. Moreover, the blow-up time and blow-up rate are introduced for the blow-up solutions. The last part is devoted to the blow-up of Fujita type.

We consider the nonlocal diffusion equation ∂ t u = J ⁎ u − u + u 1 + p in the whole of R N . We prove that the Fujita exponent dramatically depends on the behavior of the Fourier transform of the kernel J near the origin, which is linked to the tails of J. In particular, for compactly supported or exponentially bounded kernels, the Fujita exponent is the same as that of the nonlinear Heat equation ∂ t u = Δ u + u 1 + p . On the other hand, for kernels with algebraic tails, the Fujita exponent is either of the Heat type or of some related Fractional type, depending on the finiteness of the second moment of J. As an application of the result in population dynamics models, we discuss the hair trigger effect for ∂ t u = J ⁎ u − u + u 1 + p ( 1 − u ) .

We extend a well-known result of H. Fujita and H. Morimoto [1] to exterior domains of $\mathbb{R}^m$, with $m\ge 4$.

We construct new examples of non-uniqueness of positive solutions of the Cauchy problem for the Fujita equation. The solutions we find are not self-similar and some of them blow up in finite time. Heteroclinic connections and ancient solutions of a rescaled equation play the key role in our construction.

The importance of goals for understanding behavior and performance over time and across situations, for a sense of purpose and psychological well-being, has been acknowledged in the areas of motivation and lifespan development for more than a quarter-century (Baltes & Baltes, 1990). More recently, the field of motivated cognition has pointed to the role of the cognitive representation of goals for self-regulation, affect, and goal achievement (Fujita & Carnevale, 2012). Owing to the decline in the perceived availability of goal-relevant resources across adulthood, I argue that the representation of goals and their effects on behavior, performance, and well-being changes across adulthood. More specifically, I propose that goal representations change dynamically as a response to—and help managing—the developmental gains and losses regarding (i) the orientation toward achieving gains, maintaining performance, or avoiding losses, and (ii) the focus on the means or the outcome of goal pursuit.

Tropical cyclones (TCs) represent the most significant natural hazard for the economy and population of Madagascar. Planning for the impacts of future cyclone strikes requires a detailed understanding of the frequency of destructive storms in the past. In this paper, we utilise historical documentary materials to construct an initial framework of TCs making landfall on Madagascar during the latter half of the 19th century. The study focuses on 1862–1900 as this is the period of most extensive documentary records. Accounts of storm damage contained within historical sources are used to reconstruct TC tracks over land, with details of wind damage converted into Fujita (F) Scale classes to classify TC intensity. A total of 20 TCs are identified, of which only 17 are included within the IBTrACS dataset for the southwest Indian Ocean. The TCs of 13–14 March 1872 and 28 January–1 February 1893 were the most destructive of the late 19th century, with F3+ levels of wind damage identified from historical accounts. We compare our results with data for TCs within the IBTrACS dataset that made landfall on Madagascar during the period 1970–2012. This comparison suggests that (1) fewer TCs made landfall during the 19th century compared with the post-satellite era, but that of these (2) a greater proportion appear to have crossed the northeast of the island. There is no significant correlation between numbers of landfalling TCs and either mean annual SOI or DMI. We conclude with a consideration of additional archival collections that may be used in future investigations to enhance our chronology.

An increasing number of significant and violent tornado events in the United States have been documented and mapped at extremely high resolution by government, research and private entities using remotely sensed and post-event damage surveys; however, these assessments often generate inconsistent spatial measures of tornado strength, even for the same event. This investigation assembles a portfolio of contemporary tornado events that contain spatially comprehensive damage and/or wind velocity information from a diverse set of sources. Thereafter, the relationship between land-use/cover and tornado intensity is examined in order to quantify spatial measures of damage indicator bias in post-event tornado damage surveys. A climatology of both significant and violent tornado intensity assessments is then created, promoting the generation of synthetic, or model, paths with observationally constrained damage length and width metrics by the Enhanced Fujita scale magnitude. Results from the climatology and collection of synthetic paths are compared to previous observed, empirical and theoretical assessments, revealing differences in the spatial scale of the overall tornado footprint, as well as percentage contribution of swaths by Enhanced Fujita scale magnitude. The range of synthetic paths produced may be used to assess potential tornado damages to the population, the built environment and insurance portfolios.

Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg (L&RH) (2002, Econometrica, 70: 1445–1476) and Fujita and Ogawa (F&O) (1982, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 12: 161–196, 1989, Environment and Planning A, 21: 363–374) develop urban models in which economic activity self-organizes due to spillovers in production. However, F&O (1982, Regional Science and Urban Economics, 12: 161–196, 1989, Environment and Planning A, 21: 363–374) show that rents and employment density are flat or falling as the city center is approached, while in the simulations of L&RH (2002, Econometrica, 70: 1445–1476), rents rise at an increasing rate toward the center suggesting a concentration of employment near the center. For the Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg model, we prove that land rents and density must be flat or falling near the center. We explain how using a polar coordinate system when approximating a two-dimensional integral can create systematic imprecision in their simulations, and then present revised simulations. The proofs and simulations suggest that in urban models where economic activity self-organizes firms do not unduly cluster at the center of a central business district even in monocentric equilibria.

This study makes improvements to the tropical cyclone (TC) initialization method introduced by Nguyen and Chen (i.e., the NC2011 scheme). The authors found that prescribing sea level pressure associated with the initial vortex using a modified Fujita formula has very little impact on the vortex structure and intensity during a series of 1-h model integration and relocation. On the other hand, inserting an artificial warm core makes the vortex spin up much faster. When a warm core is inserted during the initial spinup process, the computational time required for model initialization is reduced by ½–⅓. Because prescribed sea level pressure is not required to spin up the vortex, information on vortex size, such as radius of maximum wind, is no longer needed. The performance of the improved NC2011 scheme with an initial prescribed warm core during the initial spinup process is tested for typhoons that made landfall over southern China or Vietnam in 2006. Before landfall, these storms were over the open ocean where conventional data were sparse, without special observations. Two sets of model runs, with (NC2011-CTRL) and without (CTRL) vortex initialization, are performed for comparison. The initial and time-dependent boundary conditions are from the NCEP Final Analyses (FNL). There are twelve 48-h simulations in each run set. Results show that the vortex initialization improves TC track and intensity simulations.

The tornado that affected Moore, Oklahoma, and the surrounding area on 20 May 2013 was an extreme event. It traveled 23 km and damage was up to 1.7 km wide. The tornado killed 24 people, injured over 200 others, and damaged many structures. A team of surveyors from the Norman, Oklahoma, National Weather Center and two private companies performed a detailed survey (all objects/structures) of the tornado to provide better documentation than is normally done, in part to aid future studies of the event. The team began surveying tornado damage on the morning of 21 May and continued the survey process for the next several weeks. Extensive ground surveys were performed. The surveys were aided by use of high-resolution aerial and satellite imagery. The survey process utilized the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and was facilitated by use of a National Weather Service (NWS) software package: the Damage Assessment Toolkit (DAT). The survey team defined a “well built” house that qualified for an EF5 rating. Survey results document 4253 objects damaged by the tornado, 4222 of them EF-scale damage indicators (DIs). Of the total DIs, about 50% were associated with EF0 ratings. Excluding EF0 damage, 38% were associated with EF1, 24% with EF2, 21% with EF3, 17% with EF4, and only 0.4% associated with EF5. For the strongest level of damage (EF5), only nine homes were found. Survey results are similar to other documented tornadoes, but the amount of EF1 damage is greater than in other cases. Also discussed is the use of non-DI objects that are damaged and ways in which to improve future surveys.

Nonmeteorological scatter, including debris lofted by tornadoes, may be detected using the polarimetric radar variables. For the 17 months from January 2012 to May 2013, radar data were examined for each tornado reported in the domain of an operational polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). Characteristics of the tornadic debris signature (TDS) were recorded when a signature was present. Approximately 16% of all tornadoes reported in Storm Data were associated with a debris signature, and this proportion is shown to vary regionally. Signatures were more frequently seen with tornadoes that were rated higher on the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, with tornadoes causing higher reported total property damage, with tornadoes that were closer to the radar and thus intercepted by the beam at lower altitude, and associated with tornadoes with greater total pathlength. Tornadic debris signatures were most common in spring, when more strong tornadoes occur, and in autumn, when natural debris is more available. Debris-signature areal extent is shown to increase consistently with EF-scale rating and tornado longevity. Vertical extent of a TDS is shown to be greatest for strong, long-lived tornadoes with large radii of damaging wind. Land cover is also shown to exhibit some control over TDS characteristics—in particular, a large percentage of tornadoes with substantial track over urban land cover exhibited a TDS and do so very quickly after reported tornadogenesis, as compared with tornadoes over other land-cover classifications. TDS characteristics over grassland and cropland tended to be similar.

This study has developed an Enhanced Remote-Sensing (ERS) scale to improve the accuracy and efficiency of using remote-sensing images of residential building to predict their damage conditions. The new scale, by incorporating multiple damage states observable on remote-sensing imagery, substantially reduces measurement errors and increases the amount of information retained. A ground damage survey was conducted six days after the Joplin EF 5 tornado in 2011. A total of 1,400 one- and two-family residences (FR12) were selected and their damage states were evaluated based on Degree of Damage (DOD) in the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. A subsequent remote-sensing survey was performed to rate damages with the ERS scale using high-resolution aerial imagery. Results from Ordinary Least Square regression indicate that ERS-derived damage states could reliably predict the ground level damage with 94% of variance in DOD explained by ERS. The superior performance is mainly because ERS extracts more information. The regression model developed can be used for future rapid assessment of tornado damages. In addition, this study provides strong empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the ERS scale and remote-sensing technology for assessment of damages from tornadoes and other wind events.

Mixed commercial and residential land use is observed in most cities around the world. Despite its ubiquity, urban economic theory is rather silent on the formation of mixed land use. In particular, standard bid rent models typically predict complete segregation of land use. The two main exceptions are Fujita and Ogawa (1982) and Lucas and Rossi-Hansberg (2002), who introduce bid rent models that allow for endogenous business and residential location choice as well as employment agglomeration externalities. These models predict zones that are characterized by a restrictive type of mixed land use, where there are as many residents as jobs at every location. We extend the latter model by introducing a traffic congestion external effect that adds a degree of freedom to the shape of the bid rent curves, and allows them to coincide over contiguous locations in the city where commuting takes place. We show that this combination of congestion and agglomeration externalities leads to a general type of mixed land use zones.

A quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) of a library of eighteen cationic anthraquinone analogs was done using the Hansch and Fujita models. This offers a clear understanding of the structural parameter that could be used to explain the antibacterial activity of this class of compounds. The physicochemical parameters taken into consideration here were the Mlog P, partial atomic charge, dipole moment, and the HOMO. These parameters correlate well (q 2 > 0.8) with the observed antibacterial activity which provides valuable guidelines for new structural designs to further improve the antibacterial activity.

Data from some recent tornado damage assessments are used to compute the percentage of damage path area by enhanced Fujita (EF) rating and to estimate kinetic energy. Only a small fraction of the damage area gets the highest damage rating, and this fraction is lower than a model used by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. However, estimates of kinetic energy derived from a characteristic wind speed for each EF rating and the fraction of area with that rating match kinetic energy estimates using the model percentages. On average, the higher the EF rating, the larger the kinetic energy, but there is large variability in the relationship. The average total kinetic energy over the EF1 tornadoes examined in the study is 0.61 TJ, which compares with an average of 2.37 TJ, 40.1 TJ, 36.5 TJ, and 50.4 TJ for the EF2, EF3, EF4, and EF5 tornadoes, respectively. The most energetic tornado examined had a maximum damage rating of EF3.

This paper studies a higher-order semilinear parabolic system. We obtain the second critical exponent to characterize the critical space-decay rate of the initial data in the co-existence parameter region of global and non-global solutions. Together with the critical Fujita exponent established by Pang et al. (2006), this gives a clear and complete picture to the Fujita phenomena in the coupled higher-order semilinear parabolic system.

This research provides an overview and discussion of language used in tornado safety recommendations along with development of a rubric for scaled tornado safety recommendations. Residents living in affected areas and those temporarily housed at relief stations were surveyed to collect information on their experiences during a 2-week period following the April 27, 2011 Tuscaloosa, Alabama EF4 tornado. Respondents were asked about their refuge plans during the storm and about any future changes to those plans. A specific focus of this research evaluated the adequacy of each respondent’s plan. Each refuge plan was compared using a tornado refuge rubric developed through the use of enhanced Fujita (EF) scale degree of damage ratings for available damage indicators. There was a significant difference in the counts of refuge adequacy for Tuscaloosa residents when holding the locations during the April 27 tornado constant and comparing adequacy ratings for weak (EF0–EF1), strong (EF2–EF3), and violent (EF4–EF5) tornadoes. There was also a significant difference when comparing the future tornado refuge plans of those same participants to the adequacy ratings for weak, strong, and violent tornadoes. This research introduces renewed discussion on proper refuge and shelter alternatives for days when violent tornadoes are forecasted.

Motivated by the temporal behavior of recent high-end tornado events, a 30-yr historical record of tornadoes in the United States is examined for multiple-day periods of tornado activity. Comprising the 3129 tornado days during 1983–2012 are 1406 unique, nonoverlapping periods. Only 24% of these periods have lengths of 3 or more days. However, the conditional probability of such a multiday period given an outbreak day (OB; one with 20 or more tornado reports) is 74%, and given a significant tornado day [SIGTOR; one rated Fujita/enhanced Fujita (F/EF) ≥ 3] is 60%. Alternative ways of expressing these conditional probabilities all lead to the conclusion that SIGTORs and/or OBs are more likely to be contained within multiday periods of tornadoes than within 1–2-day periods. Two additional conclusions are offered: 1) SIGTORs and OBs have a relatively higher likelihood of occurrence during the latter half of the multiday periods, and 2) multiday periods have a relatively higher likelihood of occurrence during the warm months of April–July. A hypothesized connection, illustrated using reanalysis data from 2013, is proposed between such behaviors and the characteristics of the larger-scale meteorological forcing. Some speculations are made about possible relationships between multiday periods of tornado activity and convective feedbacks, extended predictability, and modes of internal climate variability.

This paper concerns the global existence and blowing-up of solutions to the homogeneous Neumann problem of a coupled reaction–convection–diffusion system. The critical Fujita curve is determined and blowing-up theorem of Fujita type is established. An interesting phenomenon is that the critical Fujita curve even could be the infinite due to the convection.

Two important developments in agricultural economics highlight the role of agglomeration externalities in agriculture. First, Fujita (2006; 2007) stresses the role of agglomeration forces in driving rural development. Secondly, the role of microeconomic behavior of rural households in harnessing the benefits of agglomeration externalities has also been highlighted as a source of agrarian development. Despite these recent advancements, we still have little evidence if household behavior and agglomeration externalities can blend to create household prosperity and, thereby, promote rural development. In this paper we report the findings from a field study in one of the poorest villages of South Asia to confirm that the sources of rural prosperity can derive from the idiosyncratic household behavior as well as agglomeration externalities of a village economy. We offer a simple methodology to identify the impacts of agglomeration externalities and household efficiency on the generation of household incomes.

The present research examined the effect, on recall of a scene, of the distribution of viewpoints during the encoding of the scene. Participants completed a visual search task in a 3-D model of a room during which they were given the opportunity to view the room from viewpoints at opposing sides of the room. Subsequently, participants were tasked to recall the locations of the objects in the room. Participants who distributed their views of the room unequally acrossavailable viewpoints remembered the objects inthe room as being too close to their preferred side of the room. Participants who distributed their views of the room equally across available viewpoints remembered the objects in each half of the room as being too close to the corresponding side of the room. Mindful of previous research that has shown exocentric distances to be underestimated along the depth dimension (Loomis, DaSilva, Fujita, & Fukusima, 1992; Wu, He, & Ooi, 2008), we suggest that the present results reflect underestimation of the distance between the objects and the sides of the room. We suggest that participants used an accumulator-like process to integrate the inconsistent location informationthattheyacquiredconsequenttotheir underestimation of distances from opposing viewpoints (Heathcote & Love, 2012).

Introduction:In the United States, tornadoes are the third leading cause of fatalities from natural disasters1. To aid prevention and mitigation of tornado-related morbidity and mortality, improvement in standardizing tornado specific threat analysis terminology was assessed. The largest number of tornado-related fatalities has occurred in the state of Texas for over a hundred years. The occurrence of tornadic clusters or “outbreaks” has not been formally standardized. The concept of “tornado outbreaks” is better defined and its role in fatality mitigation is addressed in this Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved study.Aim:To understand the role of “tornado outbreaks” related clusters in Texas in relationship to morbidity and mortality.Methods:This IRB approved (IRB2017- 0507) research study utilized GIS tools and statistical analysis of historical data to examine the relationship between tornado severity (based on the Fujita Scale), the number of tornadoes, and the trends in morbidity and mortality. This study was funded in part from The National Science Foundation grant (NSF Grant #1560106) in support of the CyberHealthGIS Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU).Results:A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the severity of a tornado and related morbidity and mortality during “tornado outbreaks” in Texas during a defined 30-year period.Discussion:Understanding the role and discerning the impacts of “tornado outbreaks” as related to tornado severity has critical implications to disaster preparedness. Applications of this conclusion may improve shelter planning/preparation, timely warning, and educating the at-risk public. Subsequently, examining the likelihood and improved descriptions of “tornado outbreaks” may aid in reducing the number of tornado-related injuries and fatalities nationally.

Several almost simultaneously tornadoes on May 6, 2012, in Northern Kanto, Japan caused widespread damage and injury. Based on site investigations, one hit Tsukuba City in Ibaraki Prefecture was classified as F3-plus on the Fujita scale. What we found was a relatively little-known damage situation in Japan that included a wooden residence turned over and pulling up its concrete foundation, a severely damaged fivestorey reinforced-concrete building, and an unusually high number of wooden buildings completely destroyed. Another tornado hitting an elementary school in Moka City in Tochigi Prefecture did not injure anyone because it occurred on a Sunday, when school was out. The amount of damage at the school, however, made us realize how few basic antitornado measures were in place at tornado-education facilities. This paper summerizes tornado effects in Tsukuba and discusses some of the features of recent tornado damage in Japan.

Tornado intensity in terms of wind speed is rated indirectly from building and structure damage because random nature and the short life of tornadic storms make measurements difficult. The Enhanced Fujita EF-scale was developed with a consensus among meteorologists, engineers and insurance personnel to rate tornadoes. The EF-scale uses 28 different damage indicators (DI) and several degrees of damage (DOD) for each DI. The elicitation process is used to assign wind speeds, expected, upper, and lower bound, for each DOD in every DI. The paper contains documentation of the development process of the EF-scale and the motivation for the same with background of the Fscale. Wind speeds in the F-scale and the EF-scale are correlated to preserve the previous database. The EFscale overcomes the shortcomings of the F-scale, developed by Dr. Ted Fujita in 1971, of too few damage indicators, postulation of damage irrespective of building characteristics, and the high wind speeds assigned to F4 and F5 ratings. The US National Weather Service implemented use of the EF-scale beginning February 2007.

4 tornadoes occurred on May 6th, 2012 in the north part of the Kanto area, Japan. Of these, the one that struck Joso city and Tsukuba city in Ibaraki prefecture was the strongest. According to the JapanMeteorological Agency, it was 0.5 km wide, 17 km long, and Fujita scale level 3 [1]. According to local government statistics from Ibaraki prefecture, 1 person was killed, 39 were injured, and 1,133 structures were damaged – 207 destroyed, 258 half destroyed, and 668 damaged [1]. The Wind Engineering Research Center of Tokyo Polytechnic University carried out field investigations in damaged areas onMay 7, 8, 9, and 13. Based on its results, Fujita scale strength was estimated at 4. Based on our damage investigation results, we deduce scenarios and estimate wind speed when the 2 structures this paper focuses on were catastrophically damaged.

Tornado–hazard assessment is hampered by a population bias in the available data. Here, the authors demonstrate a way to statistically quantify this bias using the ratio of city to country report densities. The expected report densities come from a model of the number of reports as a function of distance from the nearest city center. On average since 1950, reports near cities with populations of at least 1000 in a 5.5° latitude × 5.5° longitude region centered on Russell, Kansas, exceed those in the country by 70% [54%, 84%; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. The model is applied to 10-yr moving windows to show that the percentage is decreasing with time. Over the most recent period (2002–11), the tornado report density in the city is slightly fewer than 3 reports (100 km2)−1 (100 yr)−1, and this value is statistically indistinguishable from the report density in the country. On average, the population bias is less pronounced for Fujita (F) scale F0 tornadoes, but the bias disappears more quickly over time for the F1 and stronger tornadoes. The authors show evidence that this decline could be related in part to an increase in the number of storm chasers. The population-bias model can enhance the usefulness of the Storm Prediction Center's tornado database and help create more meaningful spatial climatologies.

This paper studies the Fujita phenomena for the Cauchy problem to semilinear parabolic equations coupled via the time-weighted sources . The critical curve is determined for a wider range of parameters, where with . In particular, the decay cases of and are also included.

We model the behavior of rational forward-looking agents in a spatial economy. The economic geography structure is built on Fujita et al. (1999)'s racetrack economy. Workers choose optimally what to consume at each period, as well as which spatial itinerary to follow in the geographical space. The spatial extent of the resulting agglomerations increases with the taste for variety and the expenditure share on manufactured goods, and decreases with transport costs. Because forward-looking agents anticipate the future formation of agglomerations, they are more responsive to spatial utility differentials than myopic agents. As a consequence, the emerging agglomerations are larger under perfect foresight spatial adjustments than under myopic ones.

Tornadoes represent a unique natural hazard because of the very low probability of occurrence, short warning times (on the order of only a few minutes), and the intense and destructive forces imposed on engineered and nonengineered buildings. The very low-probability/very high-consequence nature of a tornado strike makes designing for survival and reducing damage under typical financial constraints a substantial challenge. On April 27, 2011, an enhanced Fujita (EF) 4 (EF4) tornado devastated an almost 10-km (5.9-mi) long, 0.8-km-wide (1/2-mi-wide) path, through the city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and continued on the ground for 130 km (80 mi). This paper presents the design concept that resulted following a week-long data reconnaissance deployment throughout the city of Tuscaloosa by the authors. The dual-objective philosophy proposed herein is intended to focus on both building damage and loss reduction in low-to-moderate tornado wind speeds and building occupant life safety in more damaging wind-sp...

In this paper, we consider the positive solution to a Cauchyproblem in R N of the fast diffusive equation: |x| m u t = div(|∇u| p−2 ∇u)+|x| n u q , with nontrivial, nonnegative initial data. Here 2N+mN+m+1 1 and 0 q c , there exist both globaland non-global solutions to the problem. 1. IntroductionIn 1966, Fujita [4] considered the following initial value problem(1.1)u t = △u+u p , x ∈ R N , t > 0,u(x,0) = u 0 (x), x ∈ R N ,where N ≥ 1,p > 1 and u 0 (x) is a bounded positive continuous function.They proved that the problem (1.1) does not have any nontrivial, nonnegativeglobal solution if 1 p c , there exist bothglobal and blowing up solutions. Such a number p c is then called to be thecritical Fujita exponent. In [10, 29], Hayakawa and Weissler have shown thatp

Tornadoes are a particularly devastating natural hazard that affect communities across the United States, particularly the Midwest and South. They are unique from an engineering point-of-view due to their very low probability of occurrence but often highly destructive consequences. The 2011 season was particularly devastating to the Southeastern portion of the U.S. This paper presents a single case study of a 2012 tornado that struck a single large rural light-frame wood house with an unconventional roof system. A fragility methodology was used as a tool to probabilistically study the loss of the roof system, and bound an Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale rating of the tornado. The tornado was initially rated as an EF3 tornado by the U.S. National Weather Service. However, following a detailed site inspection verified with numerical structural models, the tornado was downgraded to an EF2 tornado. As expected, the use of nail connections in a roof-to-wall connection resulted in a weaker link compared to a hurricane clip. The approach presented in this paper can be used as a supplement to the EF rating provided by U.S. National Weather Service meteorologists when unusual conditions in either the structure or surroundings exists.

We consider the Cauchy problem to a class of fast-diffusion non-Newtonian filtration equations. Besides the usual degeneracy in the fast-diffusion non-Newtonian filtration, the equation is degenerate or singular at infinity, depending on the sign of the parameter related to the coefficient of diffusion. Fujita type theorems are established and the critical Fujita exponent is determined. Specially, we also prove that the nontrivial solution blows up in a finite time on the critical situation.

Contents: Introduction: residential segregation in context, Thomas Maloutas Residential income inequality in Tokyo and why it does not translate into class-based segregation, Kuniko Fujita and Richard Child Hill The impact of housing tenure on residential segregation in Beijing, China, John R. Logan and Limei Li Residential segregation in an unequal city: why are there no urban ghettos in Hong Kong?, Ngai-ming Yip A portrait of residential differentiation in Taipei City (1980-2010), Chia-Huang Wang and Chun-Hao Li Residential segregation and social structure in SAGBPo Paulo: continuity and change since the 1990s, Eduardo Marques, Renata Bichir and Celi Scalon Segregation, social mix and public policies in Paris, Edmond PrA(c)teceille The solidity of urban socio-spatial structures in Copenhagen, Hans Thor Andersen Residential segregation in Budapest before and after transition, ZoltA!n KovA!cs The limits of segregation as an expression of socioeconomic inequality: the Madrid case, Marta Dominguez, Jesus Leal and Elena Martinez Goytre Changing dynamics of residential segregation in Istanbul, Tuna Tasan-Kok Social polarization and de-segregation in Athens, Thomas Maloutas, Vassilis Arapoglou, George Kandylis and John Sayas Conclusion: residential segregation and urban theory, Kuniko Fujita Index.

In 2013, there were 14 killer tornadoes in the United States that caused a total of 55 fatalities. The most severe tornado in this group was an Enhanced Fujita (EF) 5 storm that occurred on May 20 in Moore, Oklahoma. Because of the severity of this storm, a field investigation was undertaken to observe and document damaged commercial and residential structures so that a better appreciation of their structural and nonstructural performance could be developed. Both low-rise engineered commercial buildings and single-family homes were surveyed. Most of the commercial buildings sustained severe nonstructural damage and limited damage to the primary structural system. However, some instances of global structural collapse and local collapse of structural elements around building entrances were also observed in commercial buildings. Residential construction exhibited extensive damage to brick veneer and failure of garage doors and subsequent roof damage. These failures illustrate the importance of an ade...

In this paper, we establish the blow-up theorems of Fujita type for a class of exterior problems of nonlinear diffusion equations subject to inhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The critical Fujita exponents are determined and it is shown that the critical curve belongs to the blow-up case under any nontrivial initial data.

In this paper, we study the parabolic problems with anisotropic nonstandard growth nonlinearities. We first give the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions in variable Sobolev spaces. Second, we use the energy methods to show the existence of blow-up solutions with negative or positive initial energy, respectively. Both the variable exponents and the coefficients make important roles in Fujita blow-up phenomena. Moreover, asymptotic properties of the blow-up solutions are determined.

GIScience 2016 Short Paper Proceedings Local variation in hedonic house price, Hanoi: a spatial analysis of SQTO theory A. J. Comber 1 , P. Harris 2 , T. Q. Nguyen 3 , P. K. Chi 4 , H. Tran 4 and H. H. Phe 5 School of Geography, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Email: a.comber@leeds.ac.uk Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, EX20 2SB, UK Email: paul.harris@rothamsted.ac.uk National University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: quannt@nuce.edu.vn GeoViet Consulting Co. Ltd, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: chi.geoviet@gmail.com Vinaconex RD Fujita, 1989). In these, access to place of work to minimise commuting costs, for example, is one of the main factors explaining residential location choices for lower- income households and higher-income households choose larger properties in the suburbs

Given the recognition that not only physical processes, but also social, political, and economic aspects of hazards determine vulnerability to and impact of an event, a classification system that addresses those factors is needed. Current classifications for natural disasters, such as the Fujita Scale for tornadoes and the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale, focus on the physical properties of the event, not the impact on a community. Pre-event vulnerability to a natural hazard is determined by factors such as age, race, income, gender, infrastructure, density of the built environment and health of the industrial base. The behavior of residents in the community, construction quality of shelters, and warning system effectiveness also affect vulnerability. If vulnerability is influenced by such factors, post-event impact should be, at least in part, as well. The goal of this research was to develop the Tornado Impact- Community Vulnerability Index (TICV) that utilizes variables such as the number of persons killed, economic impacts, and social vulnerability to describe to the level of impact a tornado event has on community. As tornadoes that strike unpopulated areas are often difficult to classify, even in the traditional sense, the TICV will take into consideration only events that strike communities defined as “places” according to the U.S. Census Bureau. By assigning a rating to the impact, this index will allow the severity of the storm to be understood in terms of its effect on a specific community and hence its impact, rather than in terms of its physical strength.

This chapter focuses on issues raised by the international travel of artists and writers in the early twentieth century. The painter Fujita Tsuguharu and the poet Kaneko Mitsuharu provide the main examples of the issues encountered by Japanese moving from Tokyo to Paris in the 1920s and 1930s. I will show how the ideals of international identities clash with personal interactions in an historical moment that is configured along different assumptions than now, in the twenty-first century. Of particular concern are the trajectories which reveal the ways that international identities were understood to operate in the early twentieth century. A number of questions come into focus: What does it mean to be Japanese, What does it mean to be Japanese abroad, What does it mean to be a transnational world citizen in a time of globalization, and, What does it mean to navigate multiple cultures and nations?

Documentary evidence is employed to present the history of tornadoes in the Czech Lands (recently Czech Republic) in AD 1119–2010. Based on contemporaneous descriptions of events, tornadoes are categorised as proven or probable. They are analysed collectively in terms of their spatio-temporal changes, annual variation, specific features, and impacts according to the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. The first documented tornado, on 30 July 1119, did great damage to Vysehrad Castle in Prague (EF3). Only three other tornadoes were recorded before AD 1500. In the following three centuries, the number fluctuated between 11 and 16 events per century. Documented tornado frequency increased significantly from the 19th century onwards, reaching peaks in 1931–1940 (44 tornadoes) and particularly in 2001–2010 (56 tornadoes); this rise, however, reflects the availability of relevant sources as well as increased social awareness and advances in communication technology. A total of 264 tornado days and 307 tornadoes were documented for the Czech Lands in 1119–2010. Although they are relatively homogeneously extended over the territory of the Czech Republic, tornadoes tend to occur more frequently at lower and medium altitudes. The highest frequency of tornadoes is recorded for the summer half-year (mainly from June to August), although they may develop between March and October. Probable tornadoes have also been recorded in the winter months. The strongest tornadoes in the Czech Lands may be classified as EF3, largely with significant damage to buildings and trees, but 13 related deaths have also been recorded. The paper presents not only a new chronology and climatology for Czech tornadoes but is also an important contribution to the study of tornadoes in Europe.