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318,823 results on '"Franklin, A"'

212. Preface

Author

Franklin, Allan

Published
2013

213. Front Cover

Author

Franklin, Allan

Published
2013

214. Section Rings of $\mathbb{Q}$-Divisors on Genus $1$ Curves

Author

Cerchia, Michael, Franklin, Jesse, and O'Dorney, Evan

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory
Abstract

We compute generators and relations for the section ring of a rational divisor on an elliptic curve. Our technique generalizes the work of O'Dorney (in genus zero) and Voight--Zureick-Brown (for specific divisors arising from the study of stacky curves). For effective divisors supported on at most two points, we give explicit descriptions of the generators and the leading terms of the relations for a minimal presentation. As in the genus zero case, the generators are parametrized by best lower approximations to the coefficients, but there are added wrinkles. Following Landesman, Ruhm and Zhang we can bound the degrees of generators for the section ring of an effective divisor supported at any finite number of points., Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures. Amplified with new results since last version; intended to be submitted for publication

Published
2023

215. Has Telescope Array Discovered Electroweak Monopole?

Author

Cho, Y. M. and Cho, Franklin H.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We propose the ultra high energy cosmic ray recently detected by Telescope Array to be the electroweak monopole, and present theoretical arguments which support this. This strongly motivates the necessity for the ``cosmic" MoEDAL experiment which could back up our proposal. To confirm this we propose Telescope Array to measure the magnetic charge of the ultra high energy cosmic ray particles with SQUID.

Published
2023

216. The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

Author

DUNE Collaboration, Abud, A. Abed, Abi, B., Acciarri, R., Acero, M. A., Adames, M. R., Adamov, G., Adamowski, M., Adams, D., Adinolfi, M., Adriano, C., Aduszkiewicz, A., Aguilar, J., Aimard, B., Akbar, F., Allison, K., Monsalve, S. Alonso, Alrashed, M., Alton, A., Alvarez, R., Amar, H., Amedo, P., Anderson, J., Andrade, D. A., Andreopoulos, C., Andreotti, M., Andrews, M. P., Andrianala, F., Andringa, S., Anfimov, N., Ankowski, A., Antoniassi, M., Antonova, M., Antoshkin, A., Aranda-Fernandez, A., Arellano, L., Diaz, E. Arrieta, Arroyave, M. A., Asaadi, J., Ashkenazi, A., Asquith, L., Atkin, E., Auguste, D., Aurisano, A., Aushev, V., Autiero, D., Azfar, F., Back, A., Back, H., Back, J. J., Bagaturia, I., Bagby, L., Balashov, N., Balasubramanian, S., Baldi, P., Baldini, W., Baller, B., Bambah, B., Banerjee, R., Barao, F., Barenboim, G., Alzás, P. Barham, Barker, G. J., Barkhouse, W., Barr, G., Monarca, J. Barranco, Barros, A., Barros, N., Barrow, D., Barrow, J. L., Basharina-Freshville, A., Bashyal, A., Basque, V., Batchelor, C., Bathe-Peters, L., Battat, J. B. R., Battisti, F., Bay, F., Bazetto, M. C. Q., Alba, J. L. L. Bazo, Beacom, J. F., Bechetoille, E., Behera, B., Belchior, E., Bell, G., Bellantoni, L., Bellettini, G., Bellini, V., Beltramello, O., Benekos, N., Montiel, C. Benitez, Benjamin, D., Neves, F. Bento, Berger, J., Berkman, S., Bernardini, P., Bersani, A., Bertolucci, S., Betancourt, M., Rodríguez, A. Betancur, Bevan, A., Bezawada, Y., Bezerra, A. T., Bezerra, T. J., Bhat, A., Bhatnagar, V., Bhatt, J., Bhattacharjee, M., Bhattacharya, M., Bhuller, S., Bhuyan, B., Biagi, S., Bian, J., Biery, K., Bilki, B., Bishai, M., Bitadze, A., Blake, A., Blaszczyk, F. D., Blazey, G. C., Blucher, E., Boissevain, J., Bolognesi, S., Bolton, T., Bomben, L., Bonesini, M., Bonilla-Diaz, C., Bonini, F., Booth, A., Boran, F., Bordoni, S., Merlo, R. Borges, Borkum, A., Bostan, N., Bracinik, J., Braga, D., Brahma, B., Brailsford, D., Bramati, F., Branca, A., Brandt, A., Bremer, J., Brew, C., Brice, S. J., Brio, V., Brizzolari, C., Bromberg, C., Brooke, J., Bross, A., Brunetti, G., Brunetti, M., Buchanan, N., Budd, H., Buergi, J., Burgardt, D., Butchart, S., V., G. Caceres, Cagnoli, I., Cai, T., Calabrese, R., Calcutt, J., Calin, M., Calivers, L., Calvo, E., Caminata, A., Campanelli, W., Benitez, A. Campos, Canci, N., Capó, J., Caracas, I., Caratelli, D., Carber, D., Carceller, J. M., Carini, G., Carlus, B., Carneiro, M. F., Carniti, P., Terrazas, I. Caro, Carranza, H., Carrara, N., Carroll, L., Carroll, T., Carter, A., Casazza, D., Forero, J. F. Castaño, Castaño, F. A., Castillo, A., Castromonte, C., Catano-Mur, E., Cattadori, C., Cavalier, F., Cavanna, F., Centro, S., Cerati, G., Cervelli, A., Villanueva, A. Cervera, Chakraborty, K., Chalifour, M., Chappell, A., Charitonidis, N., Chatterjee, A., Chen, H., Chen, M., Chen, W. C., Chen, Y., Chen-Wishart, Z., Cherdack, D., Chi, C., Chirco, R., Chitirasreemadam, N., Cho, K., Choate, S., Chokheli, D., Chong, P. S., Chowdhury, B., Christian, D., Chukanov, A., Chung, M., Church, E., Cicala, M. F., Cicerchia, M., Cicero, V., Ciolini, R., Clair, J., Clarke, P., Cline, G., Coan, T. E., Cocco, A. G., Coelho, J. A. B., Cohen, A., Collot, J., Conley, E., Conrad, J. M., Convery, M., Cooke, P., Copello, S., Cova, P., Cox, C., Cremaldi, L., Cremonesi, L., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crisler, M., Cristaldo, E., Crnkovic, J., Crone, G., Cross, R., Cudd, A., Cuesta, C., Cui, Y., Cussans, D., Dai, J., Dalager, O., Dallavalle, R., da Motta, H., Dar, Z. A., Darby, R., Peres, L. Da Silva, David, Q., Davies, G. S., Davini, S., Dawson, J., De Aguiar, R., De Almeida, P., Debbins, P., De Bonis, I., Decowski, M. P., de Gouvêa, A., De Holanda, P. C., Astiz, I. L. De Icaza, De Jong, P., De la Torre, A., Delbart, A., Delepine, D., Delgado, M., Dell'Acqua, A., Monache, G. Delle, Delmonte, N., De Lurgio, P., Demario, R., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, DeMuth, D. M., Dennis, S., Densham, C., Denton, P., Deptuch, G. W., De Roeck, A., De Romeri, V., Detje, J. P., Devine, J., Dharmapalan, R., Dias, M., Díaz, J. S., Díaz, F., Di Capua, F., Di Domenico, A., Di Domizio, S., Di Falco, S., Di Giulio, L., Ding, P., Di Noto, L., Diociaiuti, E., Distefano, C., Diurba, R., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Doering, D., Dolan, S., Dolek, F., Dolinski, M. J., Domenici, D., Domine, L., Donati, S., Donon, Y., Doran, S., Douglas, D., Doyle, T. A., Dragone, A., Drielsma, F., Duarte, L., Duchesneau, D., Duffy, K., Dugas, K., Dunne, P., Dutta, B., Duyang, H., Dvornikov, O., Dwyer, D. A., Dyshkant, A. S., Dytman, S., Eads, M., Earle, A., Edayath, S., Edmunds, D., Eisch, J., Englezos, P., Ereditato, A., Erjavec, T., Escobar, C. O., Evans, J. J., Ewart, E., Ezeribe, A. C., Fahey, K., Fajt, L., Falcone, A., Fani', M., Farnese, C., Farzan, Y., Fedoseev, D., Felix, J., Feng, Y., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferraro, F., Ferry, G., Fields, L., Filip, P., Filkins, A., Filthaut, F., Fine, R., Fiorillo, G., Fiorini, M., Fogarty, S., Foreman, W., Fowler, J., Franc, J., Francis, K., Franco, D., Franklin, J., Freeman, J., Fried, J., Friedland, A., Fuess, S., Furic, I. K., Furman, K., Furmanski, A. P., Gabrielli, A., Gago, A. M., Galizzi, F., Gallagher, H., Gallas, A., Gallice, N., Galymov, V., Gamberini, E., Gamble, T., Ganacim, F., Gandhi, R., Ganguly, S., Gao, F., Gao, S., Garcia-Gamez, D., García-Peris, M. Á., Gardim, F., Gardiner, S., Gastler, D., Gauch, A., Gauvreau, J., Gauzzi, P., Ge, G., Geffroy, N., Gelli, B., Gent, S., Gerlach, L., Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z., Giammaria, P., Giammaria, T., Gibin, D., Gil-Botella, I., Gilligan, S., Gioiosa, A., Giovannella, S., Girerd, C., Giri, A. K., Giugliano, C., Giusti, V., Gnani, D., Gogota, O., Gollapinni, S., Gollwitzer, K., Gomes, R. A., Bermeo, L. V. Gomez, Fajardo, L. S. Gomez, Gonnella, F., Gonzalez-Diaz, D., Gonzalez-Lopez, M., Goodman, M. C., Goswami, S., Gotti, C., Goudeau, J., Goudzovski, E., Grace, C., Gramellini, E., Gran, R., Granados, E., Granger, P., Grant, C., Gratieri, D. R., Grauso, G., Green, P., Greenberg, S., Greer, J., Griffith, W. C., Groetschla, F. T., Grzelak, K., Gu, W., Guarino, V., Guarise, M., Guenette, R., Guerard, E., Guerzoni, M., Guffanti, D., Guglielmi, A., Guo, B., Guo, Y., Gupta, A., Gupta, V., Gurung, G., Gutierrez, D., Guzowski, P., Guzzo, M. M., Gwon, S., Haaf, K., Habig, A., Hadavand, H., Haenni, R., Hagaman, L., Hahn, A., Haiston, J., Hakenmueller, J., Hamernik, T., Hamilton, P., Hancock, J., Happacher, F., Harris, D. A., Hartnell, J., Hartnett, T., Harton, J., Hasegawa, T., Hasnip, C., Hatcher, R., Hayrapetyan, K., Hays, J., Hazen, E., He, M., Heavey, A., Heeger, K. M., Heise, J., Henry, S., Morquecho, M. A. Hernandez, Herner, K., Hewes, V., Higuera, A., Hilgenberg, C., Hillier, S. J., Himmel, A., Hinkle, E., Hirsch, L. R., Ho, J., Hoff, J., Holin, A., Holvey, T., Hoppe, E., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hostert, M., Houdy, T., Howard, B., Howell, R., Hristova, I., Hronek, M. S., Huang, J., Huang, R. G., Hulcher, Z., Ibrahim, M., Iles, G., Ilic, N., Iliescu, A. M., Illingworth, R., Ingratta, G., Ioannisian, A., Irwin, B., Isenhower, L., Oliveira, M. Ismerio, Itay, R., Jackson, C. M., Jain, V., James, E., Jang, W., Jargowsky, B., Jena, D., Ji, X., Jiang, C., Jiang, J., Jiang, L., Jipa, A., Joaquim, F. R., Johnson, W., Jones, B., Jones, R., Fernández, D. José, Jovancevic, N., Judah, M., Jung, C. K., Junk, T., Jwa, Y., Kabirnezhad, M., Kaboth, A. C., Kadenko, I., Kakorin, I., Kalitkina, A., Kalra, D., Kamiya, F., Kandemir, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karagiorgi, G., Karaman, G., Karcher, A., Karyotakis, Y., Kasai, S., Kasetti, S. P., Kashur, L., Katsioulas, I., Kauther, A., Kazaryan, N., Ke, L., Kearns, E., Keener, P. T., Kelly, K. J., Kemp, E., Kemularia, O., Kermaidic, Y., Ketchum, W., Kettell, S. H., Khabibullin, M., Khan, N., Khotjantsev, A., Khvedelidze, A., Kim, D., Kim, J., King, B., Kirby, B., Kirby, M., Kish, A., Klein, J., Kleykamp, J., Klustova, A., Kobilarcik, T., Koch, L., Koehler, K., Koerner, L. W., Koh, D. H., Kolupaeva, L., Korablev, D., Kordosky, M., Kosc, T., Kose, U., Kostelecký, V. A., Kothekar, K., Kotler, I., Kovalcuk, M., Kozhukalov, V., Krah, W., Kralik, R., Kramer, M., Kreczko, L., Krennrich, F., Kreslo, I., Kroupova, T., Kubota, S., Kubu, M., Kudenko, Y., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuhlmann, S., Kulagin, S., Kumar, J., Kumar, P., Kumaran, S., Kunze, P., Kunzmann, J., Kuravi, R., Kurita, N., Kuruppu, C., Kus, V., Kutter, T., Kvasnicka, J., Labree, T., Lackey, T., Lambert, A., Land, B. J., Lane, C. E., Lane, N., Lang, K., Langford, T., Langstaff, M., Lanni, F., Lantwin, O., Larkin, J., Lasorak, P., Last, D., Laudrain, A., Laundrie, A., Laurenti, G., Lavaut, E., Lawrence, A., Laycock, P., Lazanu, I., Lazzaroni, M., Le, T., Leardini, S., Learned, J., LeCompte, T., Lee, C., Legin, V., Miotto, G. Lehmann, Lehnert, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Leitner, M., Silverio, D. Leon, Lepin, L. M., Li, J. -Y., Li, S. W., Li, Y., Liao, H., Lin, C. S., Lindebaum, D., Lineros, R. A., Ling, J., Lister, A., Littlejohn, B. R., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Lockwitz, S., Lokajicek, M., Lomidze, I., Long, K., Lopes, T. V., Lopez, J., de Rego, I. López, López-March, N., Lord, T., LoSecco, J. M., Louis, W. C., Sanchez, A. Lozano, Lu, X. -G., Luk, K. B., Lunday, B., Luo, X., Luppi, E., Maalmi, J., MacFarlane, D., Machado, A. A., Machado, P., Macias, C. T., Macier, J. R., MacMahon, M., Maddalena, A., Madera, A., Madigan, P., Magill, S., Magueur, C., Mahn, K., Maio, A., Major, A., Majumdar, K., Man, M., Mandujano, R. C., Maneira, J., Manly, S., Mann, A., Manolopoulos, K., Plata, M. Manrique, Corchado, S. Manthey, Manyam, V. N., Marchan, M., Marchionni, A., Marciano, W., Marfatia, D., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marinho, F., Marino, A. D., Markiewicz, T., Marques, F. Das Chagas, Marsden, D., Marshak, M., Marshall, C. M., Marshall, J., Martín-Albo, J., Martinez, N., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, López, F. Martínez, Miravé, P. Martínez, Martynenko, S., Mascagna, V., Massari, C., Mastbaum, A., Matichard, F., Matsuno, S., Matteucci, G., Matthews, J., Mauger, C., Mauri, N., Mavrokoridis, K., Mawby, I., Mazza, R., Mazzacane, A., McAskill, T., McConkey, N., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McNab, A., Meazza, L., Meddage, V. C. N., Mefodiev, A., Mehta, B., Mehta, P., Melas, P., Mena, O., Mendez, H., Mendez, P., Méndez, D. P., Menegolli, A., Meng, G., Messier, M. D., Metallo, S., Metcalf, J., Metcalf, W., Mewes, M., Meyer, H., Miao, T., Miccoli, A., Michna, G., Mikola, V., Milincic, R., Miller, G., Miller, W., Mineev, O., Minotti, A., Miralles, L., Miranda, O. G., Mironov, C., Miryala, S., Miscetti, S., Mishra, C. S., Mishra, S. R., Mislivec, A., Mitchell, M., Mladenov, D., Mocioiu, I., Mogan, A., Moggi, N., Mohanta, R., Mohayai, T. A., Mokhov, N., Molina, J., Bueno, L. Molina, Montagna, E., Montanari, A., Montanari, C., Montanari, D., Montanino, D., Zetina, L. M. Montaño, Mooney, M., Moor, A. F., Moore, Z., Moreno, D., Moreno-Palacios, O., Morescalchi, L., Moretti, D., Moretti, R., Morris, C., Mossey, C., Mote, M., Moura, C. A., Mouster, G., Mu, W., Mualem, L., Mueller, J., Muether, M., Muheim, F., Muir, A., Mulhearn, M., Munford, D., Munteanu, L. J., Muramatsu, H., Muraz, J., Murphy, M., Murphy, T., Muse, J., Mytilinaki, A., Nachtman, J., Nagai, Y., Nagu, S., Nalbandyan, M., Nandakumar, R., Naples, D., Narita, S., Nath, A., Navrer-Agasson, A., Nayak, N., Nebot-Guinot, M., Nehm, A., Nelson, J. K., Neogi, O., Nesbit, J., Nessi, M., Newbold, D., Newcomer, M., Nichol, R., Nicolas-Arnaldos, F., Nikolica, A., Nikolov, J., Niner, E., Nishimura, K., Norman, A., Norrick, A., Novella, P., Nowak, J. A., Oberling, M., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Oh, S., Oh, S. B., Olivier, A., Olshevskiy, A., Olson, T., Onel, Y., Onishchuk, Y., Oranday, A., Osbiston, M., Vélez, J. A. Osorio, Ormachea, L. Otiniano, Ott, J., Pagani, L., Palacio, G., Palamara, O., Palestini, S., Paley, J. M., Pallavicini, M., Palomares, C., Pan, S., Panda, P., Vazquez, W. Panduro, Pantic, E., Paolone, V., Papadimitriou, V., Papaleo, R., Papanestis, A., Papoulias, D., Paramesvaran, S., Paris, A., Parke, S., Parozzi, E., Parsa, S., Parsa, Z., Parveen, S., Parvu, M., Pasciuto, D., Pascoli, S., Pasqualini, L., Pasternak, J., Patrick, C., Patrizii, L., Patterson, R. B., Patzak, T., Paudel, A., Paulucci, L., Pavlovic, Z., Pawloski, G., Payne, D., Pec, V., Pedreschi, E., Peeters, S. J. M., Pellico, W., Perez, A. Pena, Pennacchio, E., Penzo, A., Peres, O. L. G., Gonzalez, Y. F. Perez, Pérez-Molina, L., Pernas, C., Perry, J., Pershey, D., Pessina, G., Petrillo, G., Petta, C., Petti, R., Pia, V., Pickering, L., Pietropaolo, F., Pimentel, V. L., Pinaroli, G., Pinchault, J., Plows, K., Plunkett, R., Pollack, C., Pollman, T., Pompa, F., Pons, X., Poonthottathil, N., Poppi, F., Porter, J., Potekhin, M., Potenza, R., Pozimski, J., Pozzato, M., Prakash, S., Prakash, T., Pratt, C., Prest, M., Prosser, A., Psihas, F., Pugnere, D., Qian, X., Raaf, J. L., Radeka, V., Rademacker, J., Radics, B., Rafique, A., Raguzin, E., Rai, M., Rajagopalan, S., Rajaoalisoa, M., Rakhno, I., Rakotondravohitra, L., Ralte, L., Delgado, M. A. Ramirez, Ramson, B., Rappoldi, A., Raselli, G., Ratoff, P., Ray, R., Razafinime, H., Rea, E. M., Real, J. S., Rebel, B., Rechenmacher, R., Reggiani-Guzzo, M., Reichenbacher, J., Reitzner, S. D., Sfar, H. Rejeb, Renner, E., Renshaw, A., Rescia, S., Resnati, F., Restrepo, D., Reynolds, C., Ribas, M., Riboldi, S., Riccio, C., Riccobene, G., Ricol, J. S., Rigan, M., Rincón, E. V., Ritchie-Yates, A., Ritter, S., Rivera, D., Rivera, R., Robert, A., Rocha, J. L. Rocabado, Rochester, L., Roda, M., Rodrigues, P., Alonso, M. J. Rodriguez, Rondon, J. Rodriguez, Rosauro-Alcaraz, S., Rosier, P., Ross, D., Rossella, M., Rossi, M., Ross-Lonergan, M., Roy, N., Roy, P., Rubbia, C., Ruggeri, A., Ferreira, G. Ruiz, Russell, B., Ruterbories, D., Rybnikov, A., Saa-Hernandez, A., Saakyan, R., Sacerdoti, S., Sahoo, S. K., Sahu, N., Sakashita, K., Sala, P., Samios, N., Samoylov, O., Sanchez, M. C., Bravo, A. Sánchez, Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sandberg, V., Sanders, D. A., Sankey, D., Santoro, D., Saoulidou, N., Sapienza, P., Sarasty, C., Sarcevic, I., Sarra, I., Savage, G., Savinov, V., Scanavini, G., Scaramelli, A., Scarff, A., Schefke, T., Schellman, H., Schifano, S., Schlabach, P., Schmitz, D., Schneider, A. W., Scholberg, K., Schukraft, A., Schuld, B., Segreto, E., Selyunin, A., Senise, C. R., Sensenig, J., Shaevitz, M. H., Shanahan, P., Sharma, P., Kumar, R., Shaw, K., Shaw, T., Shchablo, K., Shepherd-Themistocleous, C., Sheshukov, A., Shi, W., Shin, S., Shivakoti, S., Shoemaker, I., Shooltz, D., Shrock, R., Siddi, B., Silber, J., Simard, L., Sinclair, J., Sinev, G., Singh, Jaydip, Singh, J., Singh, L., Singh, P., Singh, V., Chauhan, S. Singh, Sipos, R., Sironneau, C., Sirri, G., Siyeon, K., Skarpaas, K., Smedley, J., Smith, E., Smith, J., Smith, P., Smolik, J., Smy, M., Snape, M., Snider, E. L., Snopok, P., Snowden-Ifft, D., Nunes, M. Soares, Sobel, H., Soderberg, M., Sokolov, S., Salinas, C. J. Solano, Söldner-Rembold, S., Soleti, S. R., Solomey, N., Solovov, V., Sondheim, W. E., Sorel, M., Sotnikov, A., Soto-Oton, J., Sousa, A., Soustruznik, K., Spinella, F., Spitz, J., Spooner, N. J. C., Spurgeon, K., Stalder, D., Stancari, M., Stanco, L., Steenis, J., Stein, R., Steiner, H. M., Lisbôa, A. F. Steklain, Stepanova, A., Stewart, J., Stillwell, B., Stock, J., Stocker, F., Stokes, T., Strait, M., Strauss, T., Strigari, L., Stuart, A., Suarez, J. G., Subash, J., Surdo, A., Suter, L., Sutera, C. M., Sutton, K., Suvorov, Y., Svoboda, R., Swain, S. K., Szczerbinska, B., Szelc, A. M., Sztuc, A., Taffara, A., Talukdar, N., Tamara, J., Tanaka, H. A., Tang, S., Taniuchi, N., Casanova, A. M. Tapia, Oregui, B. Tapia, Tapper, A., Tariq, S., Tarpara, E., Tatar, E., Tayloe, R., Tedeschi, D., Teklu, A. M., Vidal, J. Tena, Tennessen, P., Tenti, M., Terao, K., Terranova, F., Testera, G., Thakore, T., Thea, A., Thiebault, A., Thompson, A., Thorn, C., Timm, S. C., Tiras, E., Tishchenko, V., Todorović, N., Tomassetti, L., Tonazzo, A., Torbunov, D., Torti, M., Tortola, M., Tortorici, F., Tosi, N., Totani, D., Toups, M., Touramanis, C., Travaglini, R., Trevor, J., Triller, E., Trilov, S., Truncali, D., Trzaska, W. H., Tsai, Y., Tsai, Y. -T., Tsamalaidze, Z., Tsang, K. V., Tsverava, N., Tu, S. Z., Tufanli, S., Turner, J., Tuzi, M., Tyler, J., Tyley, E., Tzanov, M., Uchida, M. A., González, J. Ureña, Urheim, J., Usher, T., Utaegbulam, H., Uzunyan, S., Vagins, M. R., Vahle, P., Valder, S., Valdiviesso, G. A., Valencia, E., Valentim, R., Vallari, Z., Vallazza, E., Valle, J. W. F., Van Berg, R., Van de Water, R. G., Forero, D. V., Van Nuland-Troost, M., Varanini, F., Oliva, D. Vargas, Varner, G., Vasina, S., Vaughan, N., Vaziri, K., Vega, J., Ventura, S., Verdugo, A., Vergani, S., Verzocchi, M., Vetter, K., Vicenzi, M., de Souza, H. Vieira, Vignoli, C., Vilela, C., Villa, E., Viren, B., Vizcaya-Hernandez, A., Vrba, T., Vuong, Q., Waldron, A. V., Wallbank, M., Walsh, J., Walton, T., Wang, H., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, M. H. L. S., Wang, X., Wang, Y., Warburton, K., Warner, D., Warsame, L., Wascko, M. O., Waters, D., Watson, A., Wawrowska, K., Weber, A., Weber, M., Wei, H., Weinstein, A., Wenzel, H., Westerdale, S., Wetstein, M., Whalen, K., Whilhelmi, J., White, A., Whitehead, L. H., Whittington, D., Wilking, M. J., Wilkinson, A., Wilkinson, C., Wilson, F., Wilson, R. J., Winter, P., Wisniewski, W., Wolcott, J., Wolfs, J., Wongjirad, T., Wood, A., Wood, K., Worcester, E., Worcester, M., Wospakrik, M., Wresilo, K., Wret, C., Wu, S., Wu, W., Wurm, M., Wyenberg, J., Xiao, Y., Xiotidis, I., Yaeggy, B., Yahlali, N., Yandel, E., Yang, K., Yang, T., Yankelevich, A., Yershov, N., Yonehara, K., Young, T., Yu, B., Yu, H., Yu, J., Yu, Y., Yuan, W., Zaki, R., Zalesak, J., Zambelli, L., Zamorano, B., Zani, A., Zapata, O., Zazueta, L., Zeller, G. P., Zennamo, J., Zeug, K., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Zhao, M., Zhivun, E., Zimmerman, E. D., Zucchelli, S., Zuklin, J., Zutshi, V., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

DUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals., Comment: 425 pages; 281 figures Central editing team: A. Heavey, S. Kettell, A. Marchionni, S. Palestini, S. Rajogopalan, R. J. Wilson

Published
2023

217. A continuous-wave and pulsed X-band electron spin resonance spectrometer operating in ultra-high vacuum for the study of low dimensional spin ensembles

Author

Cho, Franklin H., Park, Juyoung, Oh, Soyoung, Yu, Jisoo, Jeong, Yejin, Colazzo, Luciano, Spree, Lukas, Hommel, Caroline, Ardavan, Arzhang, Boero, Giovanni, and Donati, Fabio

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We report the development of a continuous-wave and pulsed X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer for the study of spins on ordered surfaces down to cryogenic temperatures. The spectrometer operates in ultra-high vacuum and utilizes a half-wavelength microstrip line resonator realized using epitaxially grown copper films on single crystal Al$_2$O$_3$ substrates. The one-dimensional microstrip line resonator exhibits a quality factor of more than 200 at room temperature, close to the upper limit determined by radiation losses. The surface characterizations of the copper strip of the resonator by atomic force microscope, low-energy electron diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscope show that the surface is atomically clean, flat, and single crystalline. Measuring the ESR spectrum at 15 K from a few nm thick molecular film of YPc$_2$, we find a continuous-wave ESR sensitivity of $2.6 \cdot 10^{11}~\text{spins}/\text{G} \cdot \text{Hz}^{1/2}$ indicating that a signal-to-noise ratio of $3.9~\text{G} \cdot \text{Hz}^{1/2}$ is expected from a monolayer of YPc$_2$ molecules. Advanced pulsed ESR experimental capabilities including dynamical decoupling and electron-nuclear double resonance are demonstrated using free radicals diluted in a glassy matrix., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

Published
2023

218. Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Surface Water Quality Distribution in California (1956-2023)

Author

Chen, Houlin and Franklin, Meredith

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Surface water quality has a direct impact on public health, ecosystems, and agriculture, in addition to being an important indicator of the overall health of the environment. California's diverse climate, extensive coastline, and varied topography lead to distinct spatial and temporal patterns in surface water. This study offers a comprehensive assessment of these patterns by leveraging around 70 years of data, taking into account climate zones and geographical types. We analyzed surface water quality indicators, including pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and water temperature, based on field results from approximately 5,000 water quality stations in California Water Quality Data (CWQD). Machine learning (ML) models were developed to establish relationships between spatial and temporal variables, climate zones, geographical types, and water quality indicators. Applying these models to spatially interpolate and temporally predict the four water quality indicators over California for the next 50 years, the research results indicate an uneven distribution of water quality indicators in California, suggesting the presence of potential pollution zones, seawater erosion, and effects of climate change.

Published
2023

219. A robust numerical strategy for finding surface waves in flows of non-Newtonian liquids

Author

Chimetta, Bruno Pelisson and Franklin, Erick de Moraes

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Gravity-driven flows of liquid films are frequent in nature and industry, such as in landslides, lava flow, cooling of nuclear reactors, and coating processes. In many of these cases, the liquid is non-Newtonian and has particular characteristics. In this paper, we analyze numerically the temporal stability of films of non-Newtonian liquids falling by gravity, on the onset of instability. The liquid flows over an incline, where surface waves appear under certain conditions, and we do not fix a priori its rheological behavior. For that, we made used of the Carreau-Yasuda model without assigning specific values to its constants, and we compute general stability solutions. The numerical strategy is based on expansions of Chebyshev polynomials for discretizing the Orr-Sommerfeld equation and boundary conditions, and a Galerkin method for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem. In addition, an Inverse Iteration method was implemented to increase accuracy and improve computational time. The result is a robust and light numerical tool capable of finding the critical conditions for different types of fluids, which we use to analyze some key fluids. We show that the outputs of the general code match previous solutions obtained for specific computations. Besides increasing our knowledge on surface-wave instabilities in non-Newtonian liquids, our findings provide a new tool for obtaining comprehensive solutions on the onset of instability., Comment: This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Published
2023
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220. Intelligent methods for business rule processing: State-of-the-art

Author

da Costa, Cristiano André, Santos, Uélison Jean Lopes dos, Reis, Eduardo Souza dos, Antunes, Rodolfo Stoffel, Pacheco, Henrique Chaves, França, Thaynã da Silva, Righi, Rodrigo da Rosa, Barbosa, Jorge Luis Victória, Jebadoss, Franklin, Montalvao, Jorge, and Kunkel, Rogerio

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

In this article, we provide an overview of the latest intelligent techniques used for processing business rules. We have conducted a comprehensive survey of the relevant literature on robot process automation, with a specific focus on machine learning and other intelligent approaches. Additionally, we have examined the top vendors in the market and their leading solutions to tackle this issue., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

221. Mott insulating negative thermal expansion perovskite TiF3

Author

Sheets, Donal, Lyszak, Kaitlin, Jain, Menka, Fernando, Gayanath W., Sochnikov, Ilya, Franklin, Jacob, Geilhufe, R. Mattias, and Hancock, Jason N.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

We characterize perovskite TiF_3, a material which displays significant negative thermal expansion at elevated temperatures above its cubic-to-rhombohedral structural phase transition at 330 K. We find the optical response favors an insulating state in both structural phases, which we show can be produced in density functional theory calculations only through the introduction of an on-site Coulomb repulsion. Analysis of the magnetic susceptibility data gives a S=1/2 local moment per Ti+3 ion and an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling. Together, these results show that TiF_3 is a strongly correlated electron system, a fact which constrains possible mechanisms of strong negative thermal expansion in the Sc_1-xTi_xF3 system. We consider the relative strength of the Jahn-Teller and electric dipole interactions in driving the structural transition., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, in review Physical Review B

Published
2023

222. The Geometry of Drinfeld Modular Forms

Author

Franklin, Jesse

Subjects
Mathematics - Number Theory, Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract

We give a geometric perspective on the algebra of Drinfeld modular forms for congruence subgroups $\Gamma\leq \GL_2(\bbF_q[T]).$ In particular, we describe an isomorphism between the section ring of a line bundle on the stacky modular curve for $\Gamma_2$ and the algebra of Drinfeld modular forms for $\Gamma_2,$ where $\Gamma_2$ is the subgroup of square-determinant matrices in $\Gamma.$ This allows one to compute the latter ring by geometric invariants using the techniques of Voight, Zureick-Brown and O'Dorney. We also show how to decompose the algebra of modular forms for $\Gamma_2$ into a direct sum of two algebras of modular forms for $\Gamma$ and generalize this result to a larger class of congruence subgroups.

Published
2023

223. Forts, (fractional) zero forcing, and Cartesian products of graphs

Author

Cameron, Thomas R., Hogben, Leslie, Kenter, Franklin H. J., Mojallal, Seyed Ahmad, and Schuerger, Houston

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, 05
Abstract

The (disjoint) fort number and fractional zero forcing number are introduced and related to existing parameters including the (standard) zero forcing number. The fort hypergraph is introduced and hypergraph results on transversals and matchings are applied to the zero forcing number and fort number. These results are used to establish a Vizing-like lower bound for the zero forcing number of a Cartesian product of graphs for certain families of graphs, and a family of graphs achieving this lower bound is exhibited.

Published
2023

224. Bidisperse beds sheared by viscous fluids: Grain segregation and bed hardening

Author

Maya, Jaime Oswaldo Gonzalez, Benalcázar, Fernando David Cúñez, and Franklin, Erick de Moraes

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

When a granular bed is sheared by a fluid that flows above a critical limit, it undergoes a complex motion that varies along time: it can contain fluid- (bedload) and solid-like (creep) regions, being prone to strain hardening and, in case of polydispersity, segregation. In this paper, we investigate experimentally the short- and long-time evolution of a bidisperse bed sheared by a viscous liquid. Different from previous experiments, the density ratio between grains and fluid is 2.7, close to values found in rivers and oceans. We show the existence of diffusive, advective and constrained regions, that most of segregation occurs during the very first stages of the flow, and that bed hardening becomes stronger while bedload and creep weaken along time. We obtain the segregation rates, their evolution along time, their variation with the applied shearing, and the time evolution of creeping and bedload. Finally, we propose characteristic times for the segregation of large particles and bed hardening. Our results shed light on the complex motion of sheared beds existing in nature, such as river beds and creeping lands., Comment: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Phys. Fluids 35, 103326 (2023) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0168415

Published
2023
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225. An International Consortium for Evaluations of Societal-Scale Risks from Advanced AI

Author

Gruetzemacher, Ross, Chan, Alan, Frazier, Kevin, Manning, Christy, Los, Štěpán, Fox, James, Hernández-Orallo, José, Burden, John, Franklin, Matija, Ghuidhir, Clíodhna Ní, Bailey, Mark, Eth, Daniel, Pilditch, Toby, and Kilian, Kyle

Subjects
Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Given rapid progress toward advanced AI and risks from frontier AI systems (advanced AI systems pushing the boundaries of the AI capabilities frontier), the creation and implementation of AI governance and regulatory schemes deserves prioritization and substantial investment. However, the status quo is untenable and, frankly, dangerous. A regulatory gap has permitted AI labs to conduct research, development, and deployment activities with minimal oversight. In response, frontier AI system evaluations have been proposed as a way of assessing risks from the development and deployment of frontier AI systems. Yet, the budding AI risk evaluation ecosystem faces significant coordination challenges, such as a limited diversity of evaluators, suboptimal allocation of effort, and perverse incentives. This paper proposes a solution in the form of an international consortium for AI risk evaluations, comprising both AI developers and third-party AI risk evaluators. Such a consortium could play a critical role in international efforts to mitigate societal-scale risks from advanced AI, including in managing responsible scaling policies and coordinated evaluation-based risk response. In this paper, we discuss the current evaluation ecosystem and its shortcomings, propose an international consortium for advanced AI risk evaluations, discuss issues regarding its implementation, discuss lessons that can be learnt from previous international institutions and existing proposals for international AI governance institutions, and, finally, we recommend concrete steps to advance the establishment of the proposed consortium: (i) solicit feedback from stakeholders, (ii) conduct additional research, (iii) conduct a workshop(s) for stakeholders, (iv) analyze feedback and create final proposal, (v) solicit funding, and (vi) create a consortium., Comment: 50 pages, 2 figures; updated w/ a few minor revisions based on feedback from SoLaR Workshop reviewers (on 5 page version)

Published
2023

226. Selenite: Scaffolding Online Sensemaking with Comprehensive Overviews Elicited from Large Language Models

Author

Liu, Michael Xieyang, Wu, Tongshuang, Chen, Tianying, Li, Franklin Mingzhe, Kittur, Aniket, and Myers, Brad A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Sensemaking in unfamiliar domains can be challenging, demanding considerable user effort to compare different options with respect to various criteria. Prior research and our formative study found that people would benefit from reading an overview of an information space upfront, including the criteria others previously found useful. However, existing sensemaking tools struggle with the "cold-start" problem -- it not only requires significant input from previous users to generate and share these overviews, but such overviews may also turn out to be biased and incomplete. In this work, we introduce a novel system, Selenite, which leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) as reasoning machines and knowledge retrievers to automatically produce a comprehensive overview of options and criteria to jumpstart users' sensemaking processes. Subsequently, Selenite also adapts as people use it, helping users find, read, and navigate unfamiliar information in a systematic yet personalized manner. Through three studies, we found that Selenite produced accurate and high-quality overviews reliably, significantly accelerated users' information processing, and effectively improved their overall comprehension and sensemaking experience., Comment: Accepted to CHI 2024

Published
2023
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228. High prevalence of polyclonal 'Plasmodium falciparum' infections and association with poor IgG antibody responses in a hyper-endemic area in Cameroon

Author

Bite Biabi, Marie Florence A, Fogang, Balotin, Essangui, Estelle, Maloba, Franklin, Donkeu, Christiane, Keumoe, Rodrigue, Cheteug, Glwadys, Magoudjou, Nina, Slam, Celine, Kemleu, Sylvie, Efange, Noella, Perraut, Ronald, Nsango, Sandrine Eveline, Eboumbou Moukoko, Carole Else, Assam Assam, Jean Paul, Etoa, Francois-Xavier, Lamb, Tracey, and Ayong, Lawrence

Published
2023

231. Characterizing PM2.5 Emissions and Temporal Evolution of Organic Composition from Incense Burning in a California Residence

Author

Ofodile, Jennifer, Alves, Michael R, Liang, Yutong, Franklin, Emily B, Lunderberg, David M, Ivey, Cesunica E, Singer, Brett C, Nazaroff, William W, and Goldstein, Allen H

Subjects
Indoor air, Incense burning, Organics, PM2.5, SVOCs, GC×GC, Chemical speciation
Abstract

The chemical composition of incense-generated organic aerosol in residential indoor air has received limited attention in Western literature. In this study, we conducted incense burning experiments in a single-family California residence during vacancy. We report the chemical composition of organic fine particulate matter (PM2.5), associated emission factors (EFs), and gas-particle phase partitioning for indoor semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Speciated organic PM2.5 measurements were made using two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-HR-ToF-MS) and semivolatile thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatography (SV-TAG). Organic PM2.5 EFs ranged from 7 to 31 mg g-1 for burned incense and were largely comprised of polar and oxygenated species, with high abundance of biomass-burning tracers such as levoglucosan. Differences in PM2.5 EFs and chemical profiles were observed in relation to the type of incense burned. Nine indoor SVOCs considered to originate from sources other than incense combustion were enhanced during incense events. Time-resolved concentrations of these SVOCs correlated well with PM2.5 mass (R 2 > 0.75), suggesting that low-volatility SVOCs such as bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate partitioned to incense-generated PM2.5. Both direct emissions and enhanced partitioning of low-volatility indoor SVOCs to incense-generated PM2.5 can influence inhalation exposures during and after indoor incense use.

Published
2024

232. Detecting fractures and monitoring hydraulic fracturing processes at the first EGS Collab testbed using borehole DAS ambient noise

Author

Li, David, Huang, Lianjie, Zheng, Yingcai, Li, Yingping, Schoenball, Martin, Rodriguez-Tribaldos, Verónica, Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan, Hopp, Chet, Johnson, Tim, Knox, Hunter, Blankenship, Doug, Dobson, Patrick, Kneafsey, Tim, and Robertson, Michelle

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) require cost-effective monitoring of fracture networks. We validate the capability of using borehole distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) ambient noise for fracture monitoring using core photos and core logs. The EGS Collab project has conducted 10 m scale field experiments of hydraulic fracture stimulation using 50-60 m deep experimental wells at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. The first EGS Collab testbed is located at 1616.67 m (4850 ft) depth at SURF and consists of one injection well, one production well, and six monitoring wells. All wells are drilled subhorizontally from an access tunnel called a drift. The project uses a single continuous fiber-optic cable installed sequentially in the six monitoring wells to record DAS data for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during stimulation. We analyze 60 s time records of the borehole DAS ambient noise data and compute the noise root-mean-square (rms) amplitude on each channel (points along the fiber cable) to obtain DAS ambient noise rms amplitude depth profiles along the monitoring wellbore. Our noise rms amplitude profiles indicate amplitude peaks at distinct depths. We compare the DAS noise rms amplitude profiles with borehole core photos and core logs and find that the DAS noise rms amplitude peaks correspond to the locations of fractures or lithologic changes indicated in the core photos or core logs. We then compute the hourly DAS noise rms amplitude profiles in two monitoring wells during three stimulation cycles in 72 h and find that the DAS noise rms amplitude profiles vary with time, indicating the fracture opening/growth or closing during the hydraulic stimulation. Our results demonstrate that borehole DAS passive ambient noise can be used to detect fractures and monitor fracturing processes in EGS reservoirs.

Published
2024

233. Airway management in the paediatric difficult intubation registry: a propensity score matched analysis of outcomes over time.

Author

Stein, Mary, Sarmiento Argüello, Lina, Staffa, Steven, Heunis, Julia, Egbuta, Chinyere, Flynn, Stephen, Khan, Sabina, Sabato, Stefano, Taicher, Brad, Chiao, Franklin, Bosenberg, Adrian, Lee, Angela, Adams, H, von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta, Park, Raymond, Peyton, James, Olomu, Patrick, Hunyady, Agnes, Garcia-Marcinkiewicz, Annery, Fiadjoe, John, and Kovatsis, Pete

Subjects
Complications, Difficult airway, Intubation, Outcomes, Paediatric airway, Video laryngoscopy
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Paediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative identified multiple attempts and persistence with direct laryngoscopy as risk factors for complications in children with difficult tracheal intubations and subsequently engaged in initiatives to reduce repeated attempts and persistence with direct laryngoscopy in children. We hypothesised these efforts would lead to fewer attempts, fewer direct laryngoscopy attempts and decrease complications. METHODS: Paediatric patients less than 18 years of age with difficult direct laryngoscopy were enrolled in the Paediatric Difficult Intubation Registry. We define patients with difficult direct laryngoscopy as those in whom (1) an attending or consultant obtained a Cormack Lehane Grade 3 or 4 view on direct laryngoscopy, (2) limited mouth opening makes direct laryngoscopy impossible, (3) direct laryngoscopy failed in the preceding 6 months, and (4) direct laryngoscopy was deferred due to perceived risk of harm or poor chance of success. We used a 5:1 propensity score match to compare an early cohort from the initial Paediatric Difficult Intubation Registry analysis (August 6, 2012-January 31, 2015, 785 patients, 13 centres) and a current cohort from the Registry (March 4, 2017-March 31, 2023, 3925 patients, 43 centres). The primary outcome was first attempt success rate between cohorts. Success was defined as confirmed endotracheal intubation and assessed by the treating clinician. Secondary outcomes were eventual success rate, number of attempts at intubation, number of attempts with direct laryngoscopy, the incidence of persistence with direct laryngoscopy, use of supplemental oxygen, all complications, and severe complications. FINDINGS: First-attempt success rate was higher in the current cohort (42% vs 32%, OR 1.5 95% CI 1.3-1.8, p

Published
2024

234. The respiratory enzyme complex Rnf is vital for metabolic adaptation and virulence in Fusobacterium nucleatum.

Author

Britton, Timmie, Wu, Chenggang, Chen, Yi-Wei, Franklin, Dana, Chen, Yimin, Camacho, Martha, Luong, Truc, Das, Asis, and Ton-That, Hung

Subjects
Fusobacterium nucleatum, Rnf complex, coaggregation, hydrogen sulfide, metabolism, preterm birth, virulence, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Animals, Mice, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Virulence, Premature Birth, Placenta, Symbiosis, Multienzyme Complexes
Abstract

This paper illuminates the significant question of how the oral commensal Fusobacterium nucleatum adapts to the metabolically changing environments of several extra-oral sites such as placenta and colon to promote various diseases as an opportunistic pathogen. We demonstrate here that the highly conserved Rhodobacter nitrogen-fixation complex, commonly known as Rnf complex, is key to fusobacterial metabolic adaptation and virulence. Genetic disruption of this Rnf complex causes global defects in polymicrobial interaction, biofilm formation, cell growth and morphology, hydrogen sulfide production, and ATP synthesis. Targeted metabolomic profiling demonstrates that the loss of this respiratory enzyme significantly diminishes catabolism of numerous amino acids, which negatively impacts fusobacterial virulence as tested in a preterm birth model in mice.

Published
2024

235. Biopsychosocial phenotypes in people with HIV in the CHARTER cohort.

Author

Tang, Bin, Ellis, Ronald, Vaida, Florin, Umlauf, Anya, Franklin, Donald, Dastgheyb, Raha, Rubin, Leah, Riggs, Patricia, Iudicello, Jennifer, Clifford, David, Moore, David, Heaton, Robert, and Letendre, Scott

Subjects
HIV, cluster analysis, cognition, daily functioning, depression
Abstract

Neuropsychiatric complications such as neurocognitive impairment and depression are common in people with HIV despite viral suppression on antiretroviral therapy, but these conditions are heterogeneous in their clinical presentations and associated disability. Identifying novel biopsychosocial phenotypes that account for neurocognitive performance and depressive and functional symptoms will better reflect the complexities encountered in clinical practice and may have pathological and therapeutic implications. We classified 1580 people with HIV based on 17 features, including 7 cognitive domains, 4 subscales of the Beck depression inventory-II, 5 components of the patients assessment of own functioning inventory, and dependence in instrumental and basic activities of daily living. A two-stage clustering procedure consisting of dimension reduction with self-organizing maps and Mahalanobis distance-based k-means clustering algorithms was applied to cross-sectional data. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between the phenotypes, and their prediction on the biopsychosocial phenotypes was evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. Four distinct phenotypes were identified. Participants in Phenotype 1 overall did well in all domains. Phenotype 2 had mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms and the most substance use disorders. Phenotype 3 had mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment, moderate depressive symptoms, and the worst daily functioning; they also had the highest proportion of females and non-HIV conditions that could affect cognition. Phenotype 4 had mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment but with relatively good mood, and daily functioning. Multivariable analysis showed that demographic characteristics, medical conditions, lifetime cocaine use disorder, triglycerides, and non-antiretroviral therapy medications were important variables associated with biopsychosocial phenotype. We found complex, multidimensional biopsychosocial profiles in people with HIV that were associated with different risk patterns. Future longitudinal work should determine the stability of these phenotypes, assess factors that influence transitions from one phenotype to another, and characterize their biological associations.

Published
2024

236. Impact of prescribed fire on soil microbial communities in a Southern Appalachian Forest clear-cut.

Author

Rafie, S, Blentlinger, L, Putt, A, Williams, D, Joyner, D, Campa, M, Schubert, M, Hoyt, K, Horn, S, Franklin, J, and Hazen, Terry

Subjects
microbial diversity, nutrient cycling, prescribed fire, soil microbiome, soil recovery
Abstract

Escalating wildfire frequency and severity, exacerbated by shifting climate patterns, pose significant ecological and economic challenges. Prescribed burns, a common forest management tool, aim to mitigate wildfire risks and protect biodiversity. Nevertheless, understanding the impact of prescribed burns on soil and microbial communities in temperate mixed forests, considering temporal dynamics and slash fuel types, remains crucial. Our study, conducted at the University of Tennessee Forest Resources AgResearch and Education Center in Oak Ridge, TN, employed controlled burns across various treatments, and the findings indicate that low-intensity prescribed burns have none or minimal short-term effects on soil parameters but may alter soil nutrient concentrations, as evidenced by significant changes in porewater acetate, formate, and nitrate concentrations. These burns also induce shifts in microbial community structure and diversity, with Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria increasing significantly post-fire, possibly aiding soil recovery. In contrast, Verrucomicrobia showed a notable decrease over time, and other specific microbial taxa correlated with soil pH, porewater nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate concentrations. Our research contributes to understanding the intricate relationships between prescribed fire, soil dynamics, and microbial responses in temperate mixed forests in the Southern Appalachian Region, which is valuable for informed land management practices in the face of evolving environmental challenges.

Published
2024

237. Effects of Opioid Withdrawal on Psychobiology in People Living with HIV

Author

Grant, Igor, Krupitsky, Evgeny, Vetrova, Marina, Umlauf, Anya, Heaton, Robert K, Hauger, Richard L, Toussova, Olga, Franklin, Donald R, Letendre, Scott L, Woody, George, Blokhina, Elena, Lioznov, Dmitry, and Zvartau, Edwin

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Opioid Misuse and Addiction, Substance Misuse, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Opioids, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Mental Health, HIV/AIDS, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Analgesics, Opioid, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Interleukin-6, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Pituitary-Adrenal System, HIV Infections, HIV, opioid, withdrawal, Russia
Abstract

ObjectiveMany persons with opioid use disorders (OUDs) have HIV disease and experience clinically significant stress after they enroll in abstinence-based treatment and undergo medically assisted withdrawal. We examined whether opioid withdrawal affects virologic control, inflammatory markers, cognition, and mood in persons with an OUD and HIV, and explored whether measures of withdrawal stress, such as activation of the HPA axis, contribute to alterations in immune function, cognition, and mood.Method and participantsStudy participants were 53 persons with HIV who were admitted for OUD treatment at the City Addiction Hospital in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation. Participants were examined at admission, at the anticipated peak of withdrawal 3 to 7 days after the last day of a clonidine-based withdrawal process lasting 7 to 14 days, and 3 to 4 weeks after completing withdrawal. At these times, participants received medical exams and were evaluated for symptoms of withdrawal, as well as cognition and mood. Viral load, plasma cortisol, DHEA sulfate ester (DHEA-S), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were determined. Multivariable models examined the relationships between markers of HPA activation and the other parameters over time.ResultsHPA activation as indexed by cortisol/DHEA-S ratio increased during withdrawal, as did markers of immune activation, IL-6 and sCD14. There were no significant associations between viral load and indicators of HPA activation. In longitudinal analyses, higher cortisol/DHEA sulfate was related to worse cognition overall, and more mood disturbance. Increase in IL-6 was associated with worse cognitive performance on a learning task. There were no significant associations with sCD14.ConclusionsWorsening of cognition and measures of mood disturbance during withdrawal were associated with activation of the HPA axis and some measures of inflammation. Whether repeated episodes of opioid withdrawal have a cumulative impact on long-term HIV outcomes and neurocognition is a topic for further investigation.

Published
2024

238. Are autonomous vehicles blamed differently?

Author

Stojilović, Darko, Franklin, Matija, Malle, Bertram F., Fernandez-Basso, Carlos, Awad, Edmond, and Lagnado, David

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, Social cognition, Statistics, Survey
Abstract

This study investigates how people assign blame to autonomous vehicles (AVs) when involved in an accident. Our experiment (N = 2647) revealed that people placed more blame on AVs than on human drivers when accident details were unspecified. To examine whether people assess major classes of blame-relevant information differently for AVs and humans, we developed a causal model and introduced a novel concept of prevention effort, which emerged as a crucial factor for blame judgement alongside intentionality. Finally, we addressed the “many hands” problem by exploring how people assign blame to entities associated with AVs and human drivers, such as the car company or an accident victim. Our findings showed that people assigned high blame to these entities in scenarios involving AVs, but not with human drivers. This necessitates adapting a model of blame for AVs to include other agents and thus allow for blame allocation “outside” of autonomous vehicles.

Published
2024

239. New Medical Device and Therapeutic Approvals in Otolaryngology: State of the Art Review of 2022.

Author

Wu, Franklin, Gorelik, Daniel, Brenner, Michael, Takashima, Masayoshi, Goyal, Amit, Kita, Ashley, Rose, Austin, Hong, Robert, Abuzeid, Waleed, Maria, Peter, Al-Sayed, Ahmed, Dunham, Michael, Kadkade, Prajoy, Schaffer, Scott, Johnson, Alan, Eshraghi, Adrien, Samargandy, Shireen, Morrison, Robert, Weissbrod, Philip, Mitchell, Margaret, Rabbani, Cyrus, Futran, Neil, and Ahmed, Omar

Subjects
innovation, medical review, new devices
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To review new drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2022. DATA SOURCES: Publicly available FDA data on drugs and devices approved in 2022. REVIEW METHODS: A preliminary screen was conducted to identify drugs and devices relevant to otolaryngology. A secondary screen by members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgerys (AAO-HNS) Medical Devices and Drugs Committee differentiated between minor updates and new approvals. The final list of drugs and devices was sent to members of each subspecialty for review and analysis. CONCLUSION: A total of 1251 devices and 37 drugs were identified on preliminary screening. Of these, 329 devices and 5 drugs were sent to subspecialists for further review, from which 37 devices and 2 novel drugs were selected for further analysis. The newly approved devices spanned all subspecialties within otolaryngology. Many of the newly approved devices aimed to enhance patient experience, including over-the-counter hearing aids, sleep monitoring devices, and refined CPAP devices. Other advances aimed to improve surgical access, convenience, or comfort in the operating room and clinic. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Many new devices and drugs are approved each year to improve patient care and care delivery. By staying up to date with these advances, otolaryngologists can leverage new innovations to improve the safety and quality of care. Given the recent approval of these devices, further studies are needed to assess long-term impact within the field of otolaryngology.

Published
2024

240. Persistent mucus plugs in proximal airways are consequential for airflow limitation in asthma

Author

Huang, Brendan K, Elicker, Brett M, Henry, Travis S, Kallianos, Kimberly G, Hahn, Lewis D, Tang, Monica, Heng, Franklin, McCulloch, Charles E, Bhakta, Nirav R, Majumdar, Sharmila, Choi, Jiwoong, Denlinger, Loren C, Fain, Sean B, Hastie, Annette T, Hoffman, Eric A, Israel, Elliot, Jarjour, Nizar N, Levy, Bruce D, Mauger, Dave T, Sumino, Kaharu, Wenzel, Sally E, Castro, Mario, Woodruff, Prescott G, Fahy, John V, and Program, for the NHLBI Severe Asthma Research

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Rare Diseases, Asthma, Respiratory, Humans, Bronchoscopy, Mucus, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Clinical practice, Diagnostic imaging, Pulmonology, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BACKGROUNDInformation about the size, airway location, and longitudinal behavior of mucus plugs in asthma is needed to understand their role in mechanisms of airflow obstruction and to rationally design muco-active treatments.METHODSCT lung scans from 57 patients with asthma were analyzed to quantify mucus plug size and airway location, and paired CT scans obtained 3 years apart were analyzed to determine plug behavior over time. Radiologist annotations of mucus plugs were incorporated in an image-processing pipeline to generate size and location information that was related to measures of airflow.RESULTSThe length distribution of 778 annotated mucus plugs was multimodal, and a 12 mm length defined short ("stubby", ≤12 mm) and long ("stringy", >12 mm) plug phenotypes. High mucus plug burden was disproportionately attributable to stringy mucus plugs. Mucus plugs localized predominantly to airway generations 6-9, and 47% of plugs in baseline scans persisted in the same airway for 3 years and fluctuated in length and volume. Mucus plugs in larger proximal generations had greater effects on spirometry measures than plugs in smaller distal generations, and a model of airflow that estimates the increased airway resistance attributable to plugs predicted a greater effect for proximal generations and more numerous mucus plugs.CONCLUSIONPersistent mucus plugs in proximal airway generations occur in asthma and demonstrate a stochastic process of formation and resolution over time. Proximal airway mucus plugs are consequential for airflow and are in locations amenable to treatment by inhaled muco-active drugs or bronchoscopy.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicaltrials.gov; NCT01718197, NCT01606826, NCT01750411, NCT01761058, NCT01761630, NCT01716494, and NCT01760915.FUNDINGAstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Genzyme-Regeneron, and TEVA provided financial support for study activities at the Coordinating and Clinical Centers beyond the third year of patient follow-up. These companies had no role in study design or data analysis, and the only restriction on the funds was that they be used to support the SARP initiative.

Published
2024

241. EZH2 Inhibition Sensitizes IDH1R132H-Mutant Gliomas to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor

Author

Sprinzen, Lisa, Garcia, Franklin, Mela, Angeliki, Lei, Liang, Upadhyayula, Pavan, Mahajan, Aayushi, Humala, Nelson, Manier, Lisa, Caprioli, Richard, Quiñones-Hinojosa, Alfredo, Casaccia, Patrizia, and Canoll, Peter

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Genetics, Stem Cell Research, Brain Disorders, Rare Diseases, Neurosciences, Cancer, Clinical Research, Brain Cancer, Animals, Mice, Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Histones, Glioma, Benzamides, Biphenyl Compounds, Morpholines, Pyridones, EZH2, H3K27, HDAC, IDH1, OPC, gliomagenesis, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) is commonly mutated in lower-grade diffuse gliomas. The IDH1R132H mutation is an important diagnostic tool for tumor diagnosis and prognosis; however, its role in glioma development, and its impact on response to therapy, is not fully understood. We developed a murine model of proneural IDH1R132H-mutated glioma that shows elevated production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and increased trimethylation of lysine residue K27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) compared to IDH1 wild-type tumors. We found that using Tazemetostat to inhibit the methyltransferase for H3K27, Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2), reduced H3K27me3 levels and increased acetylation on H3K27. We also found that, although the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) Panobinostat was less cytotoxic in IDH1R132H-mutated cells (either isolated from murine glioma or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells infected in vitro with a retrovirus expressing IDH1R132H) compared to IDH1-wild-type cells, combination treatment with Tazemetostat is synergistic in both mutant and wild-type models. These findings indicate a novel therapeutic strategy for IDH1-mutated gliomas that targets the specific epigenetic alteration in these tumors.

Published
2024

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