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Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and allergic diseases has received widespread attention. As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system and may influence the onset and progression of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we have summarized the current research on the association between vitamin D and allergic diseases. We also discuss the impact of vitamin D on the immune system and its role in the course of allergic diseases, particularly focusing on how vitamin D supplementation affects the treatment outcomes of these conditions. We aim to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the management and treatment of allergic diseases by modulating vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is one of the most common food allergies in the first year of life. Special formulas for infants with CMPA include extensively hydrolyzed (EHFs) and amino acid-based (AAFs) formulas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of infants fed with these special formulas. Methods: This was a prospective chart review study that evaluated the growth criteria of infants with CMPA fed with EHFs or AAFs until one year of age. These infants were referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Bahrami Children's Hospital from April 2021 to April 2022. These infants were divided into two groups, the group fed with EHFs and AAFs. Then growth criteria were evaluated in both groups. Results: Fifty-eight children were enrolled in the study, of which 51.7% were girls. Forty were consuming the EHFs formulas. The median time of both diagnosis and treatment was 60 days. The most common clinical manifestations were gastroesophageal reflux, dysentery, eczema, vomiting, and cough, respectively. The diagnosis of the disease in the AAFs group was significantly earlier than in the other group. The growth of children in both groups was completely proportional to their age and growth criteria at birth. Comparing the groups, all growth parameters were higher in the EHFs group. Conclusion: This study showed that the growth criteria (weight, length, and head circumference) were suitable for each group and were in accordance with the WHO growth charts compared to the birth criteria. But in the group fed with EHFs, compared to AAFs, the growth rate was higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breastfeeding is the most important nutrition source for infants. However, managing breastfed infants with signs and symptoms related to food allergy can be difficult. Many studies have shown the presence of different food allergens in breast milk, but the clinical role of these antigens in human milk is still much debated. Milk is the main suspect in exclusively breastfed infants with signs and symptoms attributable to food allergy, even if other foods may be responsible. This narrative review analyzes the recommendations provided by international guidelines to determine the diagnosis and management of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated food allergies in exclusively breastfed infants. Dietary restrictions in lactating mothers of infants with suspected FA are usually not necessary. Only in the very few cases where significant allergy signs and symptoms occur in the infant during exclusive breastfeeding should the lactating mother follow an elimination diet for the suspected food for a short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergies towards gluten and legumes (such as, soybean, peanut, and faba bean) are a global issue and, occasionally, can be fatal. At the same time, an increasing number of households are shifting to plant protein ingredients from these sources, which application and consumption are limited by said food allergies. Children, the elderly, and people with immune diseases are particularly at risk when consuming these plant proteins. Finding ways to reduce or eliminate the allergenicity of gluten, soybean, peanut, and faba bean is becoming crucial. While thermal and pH treatments are often not sufficient, chemical processes such as glycation, polyphenol conjugation, and polysaccharide complexation, as well as controlled biochemical approaches, such as fermentation and enzyme catalysis, are more successful. Non-thermal treatments such as microwave, high pressure, and ultrasonication can be used prior to further chemical and/or biochemical processing. This paper presents an up-to-date review of promising chemical, biochemical, and non-thermal physical treatments that can be used in the food industry to reduce or eliminate food allergenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusion Symptoms of anxiety, eating disorders and social isolation are prevalent among teenagers with food allergy compared to peers without. Treatment of teenagers with food allergy focus on preventing anaphylactic reactions, with little attention to promoting social and emotional well‐being. The aim of the study was to explore young adults' perspectives on everyday life with food allergy during their teenage years to improve future clinical practice.Critical psychological practice research. During a 2‐day camp the perspectives of 10 young adults (18–23 years) were explored through participant observation and informal interviews. Three follow up interviews were conducted. A co‐researcher group discussed preliminary results, clinical challenges and ways forward.Being together with peers with food allergy was crucial, fostering belonging and normalisation. The shift in responsibility of managing the risk feels overwhelming and stressful during teen age. Self‐understanding was influenced when managing food allergy in social contexts, inducing feelings of burden and isolation. Acceptance and understanding from social relations became important for all participants, and they all underlined desire for being viewed as individuals rather than being defined by their allergy.Support from other peers with food allergy is crucial for the participants. Transition to independently managing risks introduces uncertainty and social constraints, affecting self‐understanding and interactions. Clinicians should prioritise peer support and empower teenagers in managing the risk and psychosocial challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Search Strategy Selection Criteria Data Collection and Analysis Main Results Conclusions Clinical and preclinical evidence indicate that in utero maternal asthma exposure increases progeny asthma risk. Whether maternal asthma also increases the risks of progeny allergy is unclear.To synthesise the available evidence on the relationship between in utero exposure to maternal asthma and postnatal asthma, wheezing and allergic diseases (Prospero: CRD42020201538).We systematically searched MEDLINE [PubMed], Embase [Ovid], Web of Science, Informit Health, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL [EBSCOhost], MedNar [Deep Web Technologies], ProQuest Theses and Dissertations, Scopus [Elsevier] and Trove, to the end of 2023.Studies reporting asthma, wheeze and/or allergic disease in progeny of women with and without asthma or with asthma classified by control, exacerbation or severity.Double screening, selection, data extraction and quality assessment were performed, using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoring.Of 134 non‐overlapping studies, 127 were included in ≥1 meta‐analysis. Maternal asthma ever was associated with greater risks of asthma (65 studies, risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.76 [1.57–1.96]), wheeze (35 studies, 1.59 [1.52–1.66]), food allergy (5 studies, 1.32 [1.23–1.40]), allergic rhinitis (7 studies, 1.18 [1.06–1.31]) and allergic dermatitis (14 studies, 1.17 [1.11–1.23]) ever in progeny. Asthma during the pregnancy, more severe, and uncontrolled maternal asthma were each associated with greater risks of progeny asthma.Children of mothers with asthma are at increased risk for the development of allergic diseases. Whether improved maternal asthma control reduces risks of child allergy as well as asthma requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food allergy can cause severe acute allergic reactions such as hives, rashes and generalized swelling, eczema, diarrhoea, vomiting, stomach aches, asthma and sinusitis. Allergy to food substances may seem common in Malaysia but available data is limited. Since it is detrimental in certain circumstances, hence the awareness regarding allergies is crucial. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence rate of food allergy, to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of food allergy and to determine the relationship between the status of food allergy and knowledge of food allergy among Malaysia population. The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive study using a validated questionnaire shared with 321 respondents aged 18 years and above from all over Malaysia. Descriptive analysis was conducted to gauge the prevalence while Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between status of allergy and knowledge. There were 105 respondents with food allergy and the prevalence rate was 0.42 per 100,000 people which was considerably lower compared to other countries like Korea and US. 19% of respondents answered that food intolerance and food allergy were the same as opposed to a study in US reporting a value of 64.9%. The Pearson correlation analysis showed there were significant relationship between the status of allergy and knowledge level of food allergy (p<0.05). The study showed that Malaysian population had a moderate knowledge towards food allergy. This is a cause for concern because lack of knowledge may cause severe consequences when related to food allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A limited antigen diet trial and subsequent food provocation is currently the optimal method of confirming a diagnosis of food allergy in dogs and cats. However, performing an effective diet trial can be challenging as it requires a high level of client and pet compliance, appropriate diet selection and correct interpretation of the provocative challenge. This narrative guides the clinician through the process, highlights potential pitfalls and specifies how these can be avoided to achieve a successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic diseases, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and symptoms, encompass a significant category of IgE-mediated atopic disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. These complex conditions arise from the intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors and are known to contribute to socioeconomic burdens globally. Recent advancements in the study of allergic diseases have illuminated the crucial role of DNA methylation (DNAm) in their pathogenesis. This review explores the factors influencing DNAm in allergic diseases and delves into their mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives for clinicians. Understanding these epigenetic modifications aims to lay the groundwork for improved early prevention strategies. Moreover, our analysis of DNAm mechanisms in these conditions seeks to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, paving the way for more effective management of allergic diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the topics of food allergies, disability theology, and liturgical differences. The author shares their personal experience of raising a child with severe food allergies and the challenges they face in social and public gatherings. They argue for a communal response to food allergies, emphasizing the need for a liturgical culture that values differences and prioritizes safety and justice within a community. The article also explores the concept of access intimacy, which involves understanding and meeting the access needs of disabled individuals. It connects this concept to the theological idea of the body of Christ and highlights the risks of failing to accommodate the needs of others. The text advocates for inclusive practices and justice for marginalized individuals, promoting a transformative and reflective approach to liturgical practices. It encourages a liturgical imagination that embraces spontaneity and fosters relationships within the Christian community. [Extracted from the article]

In recent decades, it has become clear that allergic diseases are on the rise in both Western and developing countries. The exact reason for the increase in prevalence has not been conclusively clarified yet. Multidimensional approaches are suspected in which diet and nutrition seem to play a particularly important role. Allergic diseases are characterized by a hyper-reactive immune system to usually harmless allergens, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases comprising respiratory diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD), and food allergies. There is evidence that diet can have a positive or negative influence on both the development and severity of allergic diseases. In particular, the intake of the essential trace element zinc plays a very important role in modulating the immune response, which was first demonstrated around 60 years ago. The most prevalent type I allergies are mainly based on altered immunoglobulin (Ig)E and T helper (Th)2 cytokine production, leading to type 2 inflammation. This immune status can also be observed during zinc deficiency and can be positively influenced by zinc supplementation. The underlying immunological mechanisms are very complex and multidimensional. Since zinc supplements vary in dose and bioavailability, and clinical trials often differ in design and structure, different results can be observed. Therefore, different results are not surprising. However, the current literature suggests a link between zinc deficiency and the development of allergies, and shows positive effects of zinc supplementation on modulating the immune system and reducing allergic symptoms, which are discussed in more detail in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Experiencing food allergies and food insecurity has been linked to socioeconomic, physical, and mental health-related challenges, but less is known about the intersection of these experiences. This study aims to better understand the impact of food insecurity on food allergy patients and their caregivers, with the intention of informing ongoing efforts to improve screening for food insecurity and mental health concerns and reducing their burden among households managing food allergy. Method: As part of a community needs assessment, a cross-sectional survey was administered to a large, national sample (N=5,940) of US households with at least one food-allergic individual, The Hunger Vital Sign was utilized to assess food insecurity, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) and Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) were leveraged to measure psychosocial outcomes. Results: Among respondents, 69.9% screened at-risk of food insecurity on the Hunger Vital Sign, while 5.6% reported very low food security. Both adults and children with food allergy (FA) from households at risk for food insecurity were more likely to report FA-related anxiety, anger, loneliness, fear of eating, and bullying victimization than their counterparts from households not at risk of food insecurity (p <.0001 for all). Among these specific experiences, FA-related anxiety was the most common (25.4%/30.1% of children/adults). Perceived risk of food allergy-related fatality was positively associated with food insecurity status. Conclusion: Individuals with food allergies who are concomitantly experiencing food insecurity are at greater risk of a variety of mental health concerns, including those specific to food allergy as well as more general anxiety and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the impact of dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody used to treat atopic dermatitis, on food-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) levels in pediatric patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. The study found that dupilumab led to a significant decrease in sIgE levels for various food allergens in these patients. This research is valuable for understanding the potential benefits of dupilumab in treating food allergies in young patients with atopic dermatitis. However, more research is needed to fully comprehend the effects of dupilumab in pediatric patients. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Prick‐to‐prick (PTP) test with fresh food is accepted as a reliable tool for measuring sensitization to fruits and vegetables. Not all fruits and vegetables are available throughout the year. The objective of this study was to investigate whether skin prick test (SPT) performed with frozen juice of fruits and vegetables (FJFV) is a good alternative to PTP tests performed with fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV). Methods: Adult patients suspected of having a food allergy to fruits and/or vegetables were included. A questionnaire was used to score symptoms after consumption of apple, kiwi, peach, tomato, and carrot. SPTs with FJFV, and PTP tests with FFV were performed. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) between the SPT and PTP test results were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of both diagnostic tests towards food allergen specific symptoms (FASS) were calculated. Results: Thirty‐six patients were included. FASS was positive in 75% for apple, 53% for kiwi, 44% for peach, 25% for tomato, and 22% for carrot. ICC between SPT and PTP test results were moderate for apple (0.72) and kiwi (0.71), strong for peach (0.75) and tomato (0.89), and very strong for carrot (0.94). Sensitivity was equal for the SPT and PTP tests for apple (0.93), peach (0.81), and carrot (1.00), and comparable for kiwi (0.50 resp. 0.70), and tomato (0.44 resp. 0.56). Specificity was equal for apple (0.33), peach (0.15), and carrot (0.41), and comparable for kiwi (0.29 resp. 0.21) and tomato (0.80 resp. 0.72). Conclusions: Results of SPT with FJFV and PTP test with FFV are comparable. SPT with FJFV is a good alternative in the daily practice of the allergists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food allergy (FA) is estimated to impact up to 10% of the population and is a growing health concern. FA results from a failure in the mucosal immune system to establish or maintain immunological tolerance to innocuous dietary antigens, IgE production, and the release of histamine and other mediators upon exposure to a food allergen. Of the different FAs, peanut allergy has the highest incidence of severe allergic responses, including systemic anaphylaxis. Despite the recent FDA approval of peanut oral immunotherapy and other investigational immunotherapies, a loss of protection following cessation of therapy can occur, suggesting that these therapies do not address the underlying immune response driving FA. Our lab has shown that liver-directed gene therapy with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector induces transgene product-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs), eradicates pre-existing pathogenic antibodies, and protects against anaphylaxis in several models, including ovalbumin induced FA. In an epicutaneous peanut allergy mouse model, the hepatic AAV co-expression of four peanut antigens Ara h1, Ara h2, Ara h3, and Ara h6 together or the single expression of Ara h3 prevented the development of a peanut allergy. Since FA patients show a reduction in Treg numbers and/or function, we believe our approach may address this unmet need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food allergy （FA） is a pathological and potentially fatal immune response， whose incidence continues to rise and has become an important public health problem affecting children and adults. Short chain fatty acids （SCFAs）， produced by bacteria， through the fermentation of dietary fibre in the gut， played an important role in in pathogenesis of FA. In this review，we will discuss the immunomodulatory effects of SCFAs on the intestinal epithelial cells and various immune cells and their related molecular mecha-nisms in the context of FA， providing new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of FA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of a video training program (VTP) on primary school teachers' skills in using an adrenaline auto-injector (AAI), in correlation with knowledge regarding allergies, in cases of anaphylaxis. A questionnaire on teachers' knowledge of allergies and on their level of confidence in using an AAI was distributed in primary schools in the French department of Manche (2173 teachers). A VTP followed this questionnaire. A second questionnaire was then distributed. Theoretical knowledge was assessed with a score out of 20. The confidence level was rated on a scale from 1 to 4. We collected 218 responses to the first questionnaire (10.0 % of the population included). The response rate to the second questionnaire was 4.7 % (103 participants), and from this group, 93 of the 103 participants viewed the video (90.3 %). Overall, 76 of the 218 (34.9 %) participants who completed the first questionnaire also completed the second questionnaire and watched the VTP. The number of participants who completed the whole survey was 76 (out of 2173, 3.5 %). The VTP significantly improved teachers' knowledge of the subject of allergies (the average score increased by 2.11 points, p < 0.001) as well as their confidence in recognizing the signs of a severe allergic reaction and in using an AAI: 85.4 % (n = 88) of self-confident teachers after the VTP versus 42.3 % (n = 92) before the VTP (p < 0.001). The VTP improved teachers' level of knowledge and confidence in using an AAI in cases of anaphylaxis. A similar VTP could be circulated more widely in schools to offer easy access to training tools about allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In the sports protein beverage market, the demand for plant‐based substitutes is rising. Sunflower press‐cake, a protein‐rich by‐product, offers a compelling alternative to traditional options like soy, pea, or rice proteins. With its natural allergen‐free composition, sunflower proteins are suitable for individuals with soy or nut allergies, broadening the market of allergen‐free protein products. This study focuses on the characterisation of micronized dehulled sunflower press‐cake (DSPC) and preliminary explores its valorization in a protein‐rich beverage. Micronization treatment was applied to the DSPC, since the reduction in particle size positively influences sensory attributes. The comprehensive analysis of micronized industrial DSPC revealed a high protein content (44.35 g/100 gDB), elevated polyphenol levels (33.75 mgGAE/gDB) and positive outcomes in water and oil holding capacities. However, proteins showed low in vitro digestibility (42.82%) and poor solubility (~10%). Additionally, the high phytate content (5.00 g/100 g) prompted consideration for nutritional implications, whether positive or negative. From the analysis of the volatile profile, the diverse array of compounds revealed the absence of off‐odours typically formed during autoxidation. In view of the potential application within a functional beverage formulation intended for athletes, four aqueous dispersions, featuring two different percentages of micronized DSPC (25% and 16% w/v) and pH levels (6.5 and 3.5), were prepared and tested for rheological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to consolidate evidence on dietary interventions for atopic eczema/dermatitis (AD) skin symptoms in children without food allergies, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Systematic review updates were conducted in May 2022 and June 2023, focusing on randomized placebo‐controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with AD but without food allergies. Specific diets or supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, or postbiotics, were explored in these trials. Exclusions comprised descriptive studies, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, letters, case reports, studies involving elimination diets, and those reporting on food allergens in children and adolescents. Additionally, studies assessing exacerbation of AD due to food allergy/sensitization and those evaluating elimination diets' effects on AD were excluded. Nutritional supplementation studies were eligible regardless of sensitization profile. Evaluation of their impact on AD clinical expression was performed using SCORAD scores, and a meta‐analysis of SCORAD outcomes was conducted using random‐effect models (CRD42022328702). The review encompassed 27 RCTs examining prebiotics, Vitamin D, evening primrose oil, and substituting cow's milk formula with partially hydrolyzed whey milk formula. A meta‐analysis of 20 RCTs assessing probiotics, alone or combined with prebiotics, revealed a significant reduction in SCORAD scores, suggesting a consistent trend in alleviating AD symptoms in children without food allergies. Nonetheless, evidence for other dietary interventions remains limited, underscoring the necessity for well‐designed intervention studies targeting multiple factors to understand etiological interactions and propose reliable manipulation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a systematic review to investigate the current evidence on the association between allergic diseases and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are microbially produced and suggested as one mechanism on how gut microbiome affects the risk of allergic diseases. Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched from data inception until September 2022. We identified 37 papers, of which 17 investigated prenatal or early childhood SCFAs and the development of allergic diseases in childhood, and 20 assessed SCFAs in patients with pre‐existing allergic diseases. Study design, study populations, outcome definition, analysis method and reporting of the results varied between papers. Overall, there was some evidence showing that the three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the first few years of life had a protective effect against allergic diseases, especially for atopic dermatitis, wheeze or asthma and IgE‐mediated food allergy in childhood. The association between each SCFA and allergic disease appeared to be different by disease and the age of assessment. Further research that can determine the potentially timing specific effect of each SCFA will be useful to investigate how SCFAs can be used in treatment or in prevention against allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food allergy children and their families tend to have emotional distress and anxiety. There have been few reports of differences in parenting stress and a child's food allergy phenotypes. Methods: We examined the associations between food allergy phenotypes in children and parenting stress assessed by the Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI‐SF) from a national birth cohort (Japan Environment and Children's Study). Results: We included 65,805 children for statistical analysis. Of them, 7.2% of children had a food allergy diagnosis at 2 years old. The means of the total PSI‐SF (39.9 ± 10.3, 39.1 ± 9.9), CD‐SF (19.5 ± 5.4, 19.1 ± 5.2), and PD‐SF (20.5 ± 6.3, 20.0 ± 6.1) scores are similar for caregivers in the with and without food allergy groups. Food allergy diagnosis resulted in significantly higher total PSI scores (coefficient.47, 95% CI 0.19–0.75, p =.001), CD‐SF (coefficient.22, 95% CI 0.07–0.38, p =.004), and PD‐SF (coefficient.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.41, p =.004). A similar trend was observed for allergy reactions to hen's egg. However, there was no clear relationship between allergic reactions to milk, wheat, nuts, and PSI‐SF. Conclusions: Parental stress was significantly related to a child's food allergy. Furthermore, hen's egg allergy increased parental stress. Multiple food avoidance might also increase parental stress. Healthcare providers need to be aware of parental stress in our daily clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Extant literature indicates students living with food allergies (FA) experience biopsychosocial challenges (eg, social isolation, anxiety). The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of students living with FA during a usual weekday in a school setting. METHODS: Phenomenological study with purposive convenience sample from the US states of Florida and Colorado. Students aged 10‐14 years who have been managing an IgE‐mediated FA for more than 1 year within a school setting. Data collection was guided by a story path process with semi‐structured interview, with Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis used to ascribe meaning to their experiences. RESULTS: Four themes: (1) Living with Restraints: A Way of Life, (2) Managing Exposure, (3) Experiencing Stigma, and (4) Experiencing Lack of Knowledge. CONCLUSION: Findings underscore unique biopsychosocial challenges faced by students living with FA, highlighting the need for comprehensive approaches beyond traditional biological management in developing strategies, policies, future research, and recommendations in school settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune engineering and modulation are the basis of a novel but powerful tool to treat immune diseases using virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs are formed by the viral capsid without genetic material making them non-infective. However, they offer a wide variety of possibilities as antigen-presenting platforms, resulting in high immunogenicity and high efficacy in immune modulation, with low allergenicity. Both animal and plant viruses are being studied for use in the treatment of food allergies. These formulations are combined with adjuvants, T-stimulatory epitopes, TLR ligands, and other immune modulators to modulate or enhance the immune response toward the presented allergen. Here, the authors present an overview of VLP production systems, their immune modulation capabilities, and the applicability of actual VLP-based formulations targeting allergic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat allergy is a major type of food allergy with the potential for life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Common wheat, Triticum aestivum (hexaploid, AABBDD genome), was developed using tetraploid wheat (AABB genome) and the ancient diploid wheat progenitor (DD genome)-Aegilops tauschii. The potential allergenicity of gluten from ancient diploid wheat is unknown. In this study, using a novel adjuvant-free gluten allergy mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that the glutenin extract from this ancient wheat progenitor will be intrinsically allergenic in this model. The ancient wheat was grown, and wheat berries were used to extract the glutenin for testing. A plant protein-free colony of Balb/c mice was established and used in this study. The intrinsic allergic sensitization potential of the glutenin was determined by measuring IgE response upon transdermal exposure without the use of an adjuvant. Clinical sensitization for eliciting systemic anaphylaxis (SA) was determined by quantifying the hypothermic shock response (HSR) and the mucosal mast cell response (MMCR) upon intraperitoneal injection. Glutenin extract elicited a robust and specific IgE response. Life-threatening SA associated and a significant MMCR were induced by the glutenin challenge. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the spleen tissue revealed evidence of in vivo Th2 pathway activation. In addition, using a recently published fold-change analysis method, several immune markers positively and negatively associated with SA were identified. These results demonstrate for the first time that the glutenin from the ancient wheat progenitor is intrinsically allergenic, as it has the capacity to elicit clinical sensitization for anaphylaxis via activation of the Th2 pathway in vivo in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergy to fur animals is becoming an increasingly common clinical problem in everyday medical practice. Depending on the route of exposure to the allergen, patients present with many, often non-specific symptoms. The most common illnesses among people with allergies to the above-mentioned allergens are as follows: allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic bronchial asthma, food allergy, allergic contact dermatitis, and sometimes anaphylactic shock. In recent years, there has been a change in the holistic approach to the treatment of allergy patients. The method of treatment should be tailored to a specific patient, taking into account his or her predispositions, economic possibilities, and therapeutic goals. The article describes the main methods of treating allergies, focusing primarily on allergies to fur animals. Allergy treatment always requires great care, and qualification for specific types of therapy should be preceded by a thorough and accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug event (ADE) related to tacrolimus (Tac) in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. Methods The data were retrieved from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2023. The ADE data of pediatric organ transplant recipients with Tac as the primary suspected drug were extracted. The relationship between Tac and ADE was quantitatively analyzed by proportional imbalance method. Basic characteristics and signal strength of ADE related to Tac were analyzed. ADE related to Tac in children of different ages and different types of organ transplantation were analyzed. Results A total of 1 443 children's ADE reports involving Tac were screened, including 188 cases (13.0%) of heart transplantation, 668 cases (46.3%) of liver transplantation, 531 cases (36.8%) of kidney transplantation and 56 cases (3.9%) of lung transplantation. The median age of children was 10 years old. The top three countries with ADE reporting were the United States, France and the United Kingdom. China reported 26 cases, accounting for 1.8%. Infection and infectious diseases accounted for the highest proportion (20.96%) in ADE related to Tac, including EB virus and cytomegalovirus infection, etc. Infection and infectious diseases occupied the largest proportion of ADE related to Tac in children of different ages, whereas the pathogen types were different. Rejection, unstable immunosuppression level and renal function damage were also common ADE related to Tac in children of all ages. Nervous system disease was the main ADE in heart transplant recipients, while infection and infectious diseases were more common in liver and kidney transplant recipients. Rejection was the most common ADE in lung transplant recipients.Conclusions ADE related to Tac possess different distribution characteristics in different types of organ transplantation. Extensive attention should be paid to individualized drug monitoring and risk assessment in pediatric organ transplant recipients, thereby optimizing Tac treatment and reducing the risk of ADE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While food allergy (FA) has been increasingly recognized as a growing public health burden worldwide, epidemiological studies on FA in Japan are limited. Methods: This was a noninterventional, observational study using the administrative claims data from 2010 to 2019 (10 years). Patients with physician‐diagnosed FA in Japan (prevalent cohort) were divided into high‐risk or low‐risk cohorts using adrenaline prescription. The high‐risk cohort was further divided into anaphylaxis or nonanaphylaxis cohort based on the occurrence of anaphylaxis or a serious allergic reaction (SAR) during 1 year after adrenaline prescription. The primary objective was to examine yearly prevalence of FA. The secondary objectives were to describe demographics/clinical characteristics and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), to evaluate the number of occurrences of anaphylaxis/SAR in the high‐risk cohort, and the impact of anaphylaxis/SAR on HCRU. Results: The overall standardized prevalence rate was 0.325% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.311–0.339) in 2010 and 0.797% (95% CI, 0.790–0.804) in 2019 and predominant in patients age <6 years (preschool; 3.377% [95% CI, 3.229–3.525] in 2010 and 5.726% [95% CI, 5.663–5.789] in 2019). Majority of FA patients (>80%) were children/adolescent throughout the 10 years. While high‐risk cohort was a relatively minor population (8.5% in the prevalent cohort in 2019), the occurrence of anaphylaxis/SAR in the high‐risk cohort was 227,690/100,000 patient‐years. Multivariate analysis showed a significant increase in HCRU variables in the anaphylaxis versus nonanaphylaxis cohort (e.g., 2.08 [95% CI, 2.05–2.11] times more FA‐related outpatient visits). Conclusions: Prevalence of FA increased in a statistically significant way from 2010 to 2019; 1.7‐fold increase was observed in patients <6 years old. Patients in the high‐risk cohort appear to have suffered from frequent anaphylaxis/SAR, highlighting an unmet medical need for FA patients at "high‐risk," considering the unavailability of approved medications to prevent anaphylaxis/SAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the development of a potential immunotherapy treatment for peanut allergy. The researchers conjugated peanut extract with galactomannan, a higher molecular weight saccharide, to reduce the allergenicity of the extract. They found that the conjugated extract, known as PE-GM, showed reduced reactivity with IgE antibodies and basophil activation in patients with peanut allergy. In a mouse model, PE-GM also demonstrated a lower anaphylactic response compared to untreated mice. These findings suggest that PE-GM could be a safer and more effective treatment option for peanut allergy. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Allergy to peanuts and tree nuts is a common cause of food allergy in Spain, with lipid transfer proteins (LTP) being the most frequently recognized panallergen. LTP sensitization often leads to multiple food group sensitivities, resulting in overly restrictive diets that hinder patient's quality of life. This study aimed to assess the tolerance of peanuts and tree nuts (hazelnuts and walnuts) in children sensitized to LTP, potentially mitigating the need for such diets. Methods: This prospective study enrolled individuals diagnosed with allergy to peanuts, hazelnuts, or walnuts. Data were collected from medical records, including demographics and clinical history. Allergological assessment comprised skin prick tests using commercial extracts and the nuts in question, alongside measurements of total and specific IgE to nuts and their primary molecular components. Participants showing positive LTP sensitization without sensitization to seed storage proteins underwent open oral nut challenges. Results: A total of 75 individuals labeled as allergic to peanuts, 44 to hazelnuts, and 51 to walnuts were included. All of them underwent an open oral provocation test with the incriminated nut, showing a high tolerance rate. Peanut was tolerated by 98.6% of patients, 97.72% tolerated hazelnut, and 84.3% tolerated walnut. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the majority of patients allergic to peanuts, hazelnuts, or walnuts, due to LTP sensitization and lacking IgE reactivity to seed storage proteins, can tolerate these nuts. This supports the need for personalized nut tolerance assessments to avoid unnecessary dietary restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dose oral food challenge (LD-OFC) is an approach to avoid complete elimination in high-risk patients with wheat allergy (WA). We examined the 3-year prognosis after LD-OFC among patients who passed and failed LD-OFC. Children with immediate-type WA aged ≤6 years with a history of reaction to ≤390 mg of wheat protein underwent their first LD-OFC with 52 mg (baseline LD-OFC). After passing the LD-OFC, children stepped up to 390, 1300, and 5200 mg step-by-step every 3–6 months. After failing LD-OFC, children repeated LD-OFC every 6–12 months. We assessed wheat tolerance defined as consuming 5200 mg without symptoms for 3 years after baseline LD-OFC. The median age of 124 children was 2.4 years, and the wheat- and ω-5-gliadin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (kU A /L) were 23.6 and 2.1, respectively. Upon baseline LD-OFC, 57% passed (LD-tolerant), whereas 43% failed (LD-reactive). Within 3 years, 38% of the LD-reactive group passed re-administered LD-OFC, and 70% of all participants avoided complete elimination. The percentage of the participants who became capable of consuming 390 mg (87% vs. 18%), 1300 mg (78% vs. 13%), and acquired tolerance (70% vs. 13%) was significantly higher in the LD-tolerant group than in the LD-reactive group (p < 0.001). Predictors of persistent WA in the LD-tolerant group were older age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63), ω-5-gliadin-specific IgE level (1.62 per 10-fold increase), and other food allergies (1.94). LD-tolerant patients frequently acquired wheat tolerance within 3 years. Even if once positive, one-third could pass the re-administered LD-OFC within 3 years. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: IgE-mediated peanut allergy is an important public health problem of increasing prevalence leading to anaphylactic reactions both in children and adults. Allergen-specific oral immunotherapy (OIT) is the single treatment with the potential capacity to modify the course of the disease, but it still faces some drawbacks in terms of efficacy, safety, patients' adherence, and cost. Alternative strategies, including the use of novel adjuvants, to overcome such limitations are highly demanded. The main aim of this study was to search for potential novel adjuvants for peanut OIT by assessing the capacity of free purified mannan and different toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-Ls) to immunomodulate the responses of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (hmoDCs) to peanut allergens. Methods: Monocytes were isolated from PBMCs of healthy donors and differentiated into hmoDCs. Flow cytometry, ELISA, coculture, and suppression assay were performed to assess the effects of TLR-Ls, mannan, and crude peanut extract (CPE) in hmoDCs. Results: Purified free mannan increased the expression levels of HLA-DR, CD86, CD83, and PD-L1 and induced a higher IL-10/IL-6 cytokine ratio in hmoDCs compared to the stimulation with different TLR-Ls. Mannan significantly increased the expression of HLA-DR, the maturation marker CD83, the tolerogenic marker PD-L1, as well as the production of IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-α in CPE-stimulated hmoDCs. Supporting these tolerogenic properties, mannan also significantly increased the frequency of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells generated by CPE-treated hmoDCs with functional suppressive capacity. Conclusions: We uncover that purified free mannan induces tolerogenic responses in human DCs stimulated with peanut allergens, suggesting mannan as a suitable potential novel adjuvant to be exploited in the context of OIT for peanut allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs following the ingestion of gluten, in genetically predisposed individuals. Patients with celiac disease, especially children, are likely prone to develop allergic reactions to different food allergens. However, the relationship between food allergy and celiac disease remains not elucidated. The aim of this pioneering study was to evaluate the prevalence of allergic food sensitization in children with celiac disease in Morocco. Methods: A total of 57 children with confirmed celiac disease, including 25 males and 32 females with a mean age of 8.6 ± 4.4 years, underwent a food allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) screening. This screening was conducted using a multiparametric immunodot assay (Euroline Food "Maghreb," Euroimmun). Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Results: Among the 57 cases tested, the overall rate of IgE-mediated sensitization to food allergens was found to be 48% (27/57), dominated by chicken, with 51.9% (14/27), followed by almond, 40.7% (11/27), sesame, 40.7% (11/27), potato 33.3% (9/27), and apple 18.5% (5/27). Of the s-IgE positive cases, 74% were sensitized at least to one allergen, 37% (10/27) were sensitized to both chicken and almond allergens. A significant correlation was observed between almond, sesame, chicken, and potato. Conclusion: The current study highlighted a high prevalence of food allergen sensitization in children with celiac disease. This underlines the potential benefit in screening for food allergy in celiac patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cow milk allergy is one of the common food allergies. Our previous study showed that the allergenicity of fermented milk is lower than that of unfermented skimmed milk in vitro, and the antigenicity of β‐lactoglobulin and α‐lactalbumin in fermented milk was decreased by 67.54% and 80.49%, respectively. To confirm its effects in vivo, allergic BALB/C mice model was used to further study the allergenicity of fermented milk. It was found that compared with the skim milk (SM) group, the intragastrically sensitization with fermented milk had no obvious allergic symptoms and the fingers were more stable: lower levels of IgE, IgG, and IgA in serum, lower levels of plasma histamine and mast cell protein‐1, and immune balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17. At the same time, intragastrically sensitization with fermented milk increased the α diversity of intestinal microbiota and changed the microbiota abundance: the relative abundance of norank‐f‐Muribaculaceae and Staphylococcus significantly decreased, and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Bacteroides, and Turicibacter increased. In addition, fermented milk can also increase the level of short‐chain fatty acids in the intestines of mice. It turns out that fermented milk is much less allergenicity than SM. Practical Application: Fermentation provides a theoretical foundation for reducing the allergenicity of milk and dairy products, thereby facilitating the production of low‐allergenic dairy products suitable for individuals with milk allergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To acknowledge that prevention, and therefore patient education, are key in the management of food allergy • To source information for guiding your discussions on food allergy management with patients and families • To learn about a new tool designed to support children and young people to self-manage their food allergy. Self-managing food allergy in children and young people presents challenges for families as they attempt to find a balance between their child’s safety and freedom. Nurses have an important role in providing education that supports children, young people and their parents to self-manage food allergy safely but not at the expense of the child or young person’s social development. At Nottingham Children’s Hospital, the allergy service and youth service have developed an education and support tool composed of three domains, ‘awareness’, ‘checking’ and ‘emergency kit’, forming the acronym ACE. The authors suggest that the ACE tool could be used by healthcare professionals as a framework for educating children and young people with food allergy and their parents, as well as by children and young people and their parents at home to risk assess and risk manage everyday situations and new scenarios or events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the need for a comprehensive and efficient cost tool to measure the financial burden of food allergy on households. The current tool, the Food Allergy Economic Questionnaire (FA-EcoQ), has limitations such as its length and lack of questions on economic precarity. To address these limitations, the authors propose conducting a scoping review to evaluate and compare different questionnaires assessing the household financial costs of food allergy. The review will include studies that focus on the development, validation, reliability, or applicability of questionnaires specifically designed to measure the household cost of food allergy. The findings from this review will help inform the selection of a food allergy cost questionnaire and highlight gaps and limitations in existing cost measures. [Extracted from the article]

[Display omitted] There are increasing numbers of metabolomic studies in food allergy (FA) and asthma, which, however, are predominantly limited by cross-sectional designs, small sample size, and being conducted in European populations. We sought to identify metabolites unique to and shared by children with FA and/or asthma in a racially diverse prospective birth cohort, the Boston Birth Cohort. Mass spectrometry–based untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed using venous plasma collected in early childhood (n = 811). FA was diagnosed according to clinical symptoms consistent with an acute hypersensitivity reaction at food ingestion and food specific-IgE > 0.35 kU/L. Asthma was defined on the basis of physician diagnosis. Generalized estimating equations were applied to analyze metabolomic associations with FA and asthma, adjusting for potential confounders. During a mean ± standard deviation follow-up of 11.8 ± 5.2 years from birth, 78 children developed FA and 171 developed asthma. Androgenic and pregnenolone steroids were significantly associated with a lower risk of FA, especially for egg allergy. N,N,N -trimethyl-5-aminovalerate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48-0.87), and 1-oleoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (OR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.66-0.90) were inversely associated with FA risk. Orotidine (OR = 4.73; 95% CI = 2.2-10.2) and 4-cholesten-3-one (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.35-0.77) were the top 2 metabolites associated with risk of asthma, although they had no association with FA. In comparison, children with both FA and asthma exhibited an altered metabolomic profile that aligned with that of FA, including altered levels of lipids and steroids. In this US multiethnic prospective birth cohort, unique and shared alterations in plasma metabolites during early childhood were associated with risk of developing FA and/or asthma. These findings await further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A substantial proportion of sensitized individuals tolerate suspected foods without developing allergic symptoms; this phenomenon is known as sensitized tolerance. The immunogenic and metabolic features underlying the sensitized-tolerant phenotype remain largely unknown. We aimed to uncover the metabolic signatures associated with clinical milk allergy (MA) and sensitized tolerance using metabolomics. We characterized the serum metabolic and immunologic profiles of children with clinical IgE-mediated MA (n = 30) or milk-sensitized tolerance (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 21). A comparative analysis was performed to identify dysregulated pathways associated with the clinical manifestations of food allergy. We also analyzed specific biomarkers indicative of different sensitization phenotypes in children with MA. The candidate metabolites were validated in an independent quantification cohort (n = 41). Metabolomic profiling confirmed the presence of a distinct metabolic signature that discriminated children with MA from those with milk-sensitized tolerance. Amino acid metabolites generated via arginine, proline, and glutathione metabolism were uniquely altered in children with sensitized tolerance. Arginine depletion and metabolism through the polyamine pathway to fuel glutamate synthesis were closely associated with suppression of clinical symptoms in the presence of allergen-specific IgE. In children with MA, the polysensitized state was characterized by disturbances in tryptophan metabolism. By combining untargeted metabolomics with targeted validation in an independent quantification cohort, we identified candidate metabolites as phenotypic and diagnostic biomarkers of food allergy. Our results provide insights into the pathologic mechanisms underlying childhood allergy and suggest potential therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is controversy on whether allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is associated with atopy. Research on eczema and the risk of ACD is mixed, and there is sparse literature on other atopic conditions. Objective: Our study examined the prevalence of several atopic conditions, including allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma, and food allergies in patients with ACD, and compared these to patients without ACD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients ages ≥ 18 years with ACD (n = 162) with positive patch testing results and documented any history of atopy, including childhood eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and immunoglobulin E– mediated food allergy. The prevalence of atopic conditions was compared between our ACD cohort and controls without ACD (n = 163) from our electronic medical records system (age and gender matched). Results: Among our patients with ACD, 53 (33%) had allergic rhinitis, 22 (14%) had childhood eczema, 32 (20%) had asthma, and 8 (5%) had food allergies. We observed that the odds of atopy overall (n = 76) in the ACD group compared with the control group were increased (odds ratio [OR] 1.88; p = 0.007). Allergic rhinitis was the highest risk factor (n = 53) with an OR of 12.64 (p < 0.001). Childhood eczema (n = 22) was also increased in the ACD group (OR 2.4; p = 0.026). The odds of asthma and food allergy in the ACD group were also increased; however, the difference was not statistically significant from the control group (OR 1.76 [p = 0.071] and OR 2.76 [p = 0.139], respectively). Conclusion: Patients with ACD had increased odds of eczema, allergic rhinitis, and atopic conditions overall. Asthma and food allergies were not found to have a statistically significant correlation. Larger studies that delve into atopic risk factors in ACD would be important to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This collection of articles provides a comprehensive overview of various topics related to allergic diseases. It covers conditions such as asthma, food allergy, and Hymenoptera venom allergy, discussing the efficacy of different treatments like biologics and immunotherapy. The articles also address angioedema, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and allergic contact dermatitis, exploring diagnostic challenges and management strategies. Additionally, they provide insights into the prevalence of atopic conditions and fruit allergies. Overall, these articles contribute to the understanding and treatment of allergic diseases, offering valuable information for researchers and individuals seeking knowledge on these topics. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Food allergy is a growing problem worldwide and its prevalence has increased in recent decades, particularly in developed countries. This increase affects people of all ages, from infants to adults. Symptoms range from non-specific signs affecting isolated organs to severe, life-threatening anaphylaxis. The etiology of food allergy is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of an imbalance in the gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, in the development of food allergy. The gut microbiota refers to the complex ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi, that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract and play a central role in human health, contributing to a range of physiological functions. Recent research has highlighted the potential role of gut dysbiosis in the development of food allergy, particularly in the context of genetic microbiome studies and metabolomics. Changes in the gut microbiota, whether due to dietary habits, fiber consumption, the hygiene hypothesis, proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotic use, supplementation and other factors, can potentially influence the immune response leading to the development and severity of food allergy. However, more research is needed to fully understand this relationship and its implications for the prevention and treatment of food allergy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the influence of the microbiota on the development of food allergy and to explore the potential of dietary modification as a therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The increase in the incidence of allergic diseases is also caused by environmental conditions, including air pollution. In Europe and the USA, the incidence of food allergies is 6% and 8% of children, respectively. In 2023, the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIOŚ) stated that the air quality is much better compared to the previous 5 years. Aim: To determine the relationship between the level of atmospheric air pollution in Bielsko-Biala in 2018-2022 (nitrogen dioxide, suspended dust PM2.5 and PM10 and benzo(a)pyrene) and the incidence of food and skin allergies among children and adolescents from 0 to 18 years of age. Material and methods: Based on data from the Department of Health of the Silesian Voivodeship Office in Katowice, tables were prepared to illustrate the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis caused by substances introduced into the body (L 27) and allergic food inflammation of the stomach, small intestine and colon (K 52.2). In order to correlate the average annual concentrations of selected air pollutants and the incidence of food and skin allergies, the Statistica 13.6.0.064 (0616) program and Pearson correlation coefficients were used. Results: The incidence of food and skin allergies is decreasing and is 164.4/10,000 in 2018 and 150.6/10,000 in 2022 for food allergies and 197.3/10,000 in 2018 and 181.1/10,000 in 2022 for skin allergies. The average annual concentration of PM10 and benzo(a)pyrene is decreasing. Conclusions: In the analyzed time period, the discussed average annual concentrations of substances were not exceeded. The decreasing incidence of both food and skin allergies is related to the improvement in atmospheric air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the past decades, red meat allergy, also known as mammalian meat allergy, which manifests differently from classic food allergies, has been reported in different countries and regions, including China. The allergen of this disease is not a protein but an oligosaccharide: galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose, i.e., alpha‐gal or α‐gal. Therefore, this clinical syndrome is also called α‐gal syndrome (AGS). It clinically manifests as delayed anaphylaxis, i.e., patients generally develop allergic symptoms 2–6 h after ingesting red meat. This clinical manifestation is believed to be related to sensitization to α‐gal after tick bites. Sensitized individuals may also develop anaphylaxis after ingesting food and medicine or being exposed to medical equipment containing α‐gal, such as cetuximab and gelatin. Here, the literature on AGS is reviewed for a better understanding of its pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oat-based milk alternatives (OMAs) are an important alternative to bovine milk, with prevalence of lactose intolerance, as well as soy and nut allergies limiting consumers options. However, OMAs are typically lower in protein content than both bovine milk and soy-based alternatives, with protein quality limited by low lysine levels, which can reduce protein digestibility. Addition of alternative plant proteins may increase the quantity of protein, as well as balancing the amino acid profile. However, plant-based proteins have additional sensory qualities and off-flavours, which may lead to undesirable characteristics when introduced to OMAs. This study aimed to assess the effect of pea and potato protein addition on the sensory profile, volatile profile, colour, and particle size in an OMA control product. Results demonstrated that pea protein contributed to a bitter and metallic taste, astringent aftertaste, and a significantly increased overall aroma correlated with higher levels of key volatiles. Whilst potato protein resulted in less flavour changes, it did lead to increased powdery mouthfeel and mouthcoating supported by a substantially increased particle size. Both protein fortifications led to detectable colour changes and a staler flavour. Fortification of OMA product with the pea protein led to significant sensory, volatile and physical changes, whilst the potato protein led to predominantly physical changes. Further investigation into alternative plant-based proteins is necessary to optimise sensory qualities whilst increasing protein content and the amino acid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature reports suggest that the presence of proteins in pomegranate seeds is responsible for sensitization and IgE-mediated allergic reactions. The objective of this study was the analysis of a pomegranate seed extract and the isolation and characterization of proteins contained in high amounts. The extract characterization showed a protein profile with main bands at about 18 kDa and below 10 kDa upon SDS-PAGE, and molecules were recognized by specific IgEs upon immunoblotting. Then, two new 2S albumins, a monomeric and a heterodimeric one, were isolated by using classical biochemical methods. They were identified via direct protein sequencing and mass spectrometry, and their primary structure was analyzed and compared with homologous allergenic proteins via bioinformatics. In an Italian population of 703 suspected allergic patients, analyzed by using the FABER® test, the frequency of sensitization to the monomeric and heterodimeric 2S albumins was 1.7% and 0.28%, respectively. This study reports for the first time the isolation and characterization of two 2S albumins from pomegranate seeds. The clinical relevance of these molecules needs further investigation, for instance in populations having different exposures and allergy profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Celiac disease, a gluten-triggered autoimmune disorder, is known for its systemic inflammatory effects. Its genetic associations with type 2 inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis remain unclear, prompting this study to explore their potential genetic interplay. Methods: Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR), we examined the genetic associations using 15 genetic instruments from GWAS datasets. Our analysis focused on celiac disease and its relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and IgE-mediated food allergies. A power analysis was conducted to determine the study's detection capabilities, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using various MR methods. Results: Our Mendelian randomization analysis identified statistically significant genetic associations between celiac disease and several type 2 inflammatory diseases, although these were practically insignificant. Specifically, celiac disease was associated with a slight increase in the risk of atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.037) and a minor protective effect against asthma (OR = 0.97). The link with allergic rhinitis was statistically detectable (OR = 1.002) but practically negligible. Despite robust statistical confirmation through various sensitivity analyses, all observed effects remained within the range of practical equivalence (ROPE). Conclusions: Our study identifies potential genetic associations between celiac disease and certain type 2 inflammatory diseases. However, these associations, predominantly within the ROPE range, suggest only limited clinical implications. These findings highlight the need for cautious interpretation and indicate that further exploration for clinical applications may not be warranted at this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the food industry is facing challenges due to the simultaneous rise in global warming, population, and food consumption. As the integration of synthetic biology and food science, novel synthetic foods have obtained high attention to address these issues. However, these novel foods may cause potential risks related to human health. Four types of novel synthetic foods, including plant‐based foods, cultured meat, fermented foods, and microalgae‐based foods, were reviewed in the study. The original food sources, consumer acceptance, advantages and disadvantages of these foods were discussed. Furthermore, potential risk factors, such as nutritional, biological, and chemical risk factors, associated with these foods were described and analyzed. Additionally, the current detection methods (e.g., enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, biosensors, chromatography, polymerase chain reaction, isothermal amplification, and microfluidic technology) and processing technologies (e.g., microwave treatment, ohmic heating, steam explosion, high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasound, cold plasma, and supercritical carbon dioxide) were reviewed and discussed critically. Nonetheless, it is crucial to continue innovating and developing new detection and processing technologies to effectively evaluate these novel synthetic foods and ensure their safety. Finally, approaches to enhance the quality of these foods were briefly presented. It will provide insights into the development and management of novel synthetic foods for food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Anxiety is among the major psychological concerns for children living with food allergy (FA). Yet research exploring the variables driving anxiety symptoms in FA remains sparse, and most studies still utilize homogeneous samples to assess anxiety symptoms. The current study seeks to evaluate the rates of clinically significant anxiety symptoms among a diverse sample of youth with FA and examine whether a heightened risk perception of FA outcomes and FA burden (vs. FA medical history) is associated with anxiety in youth. Methods 94 youth ages 10–14 and their parents were recruited from FA clinics at a mid-Atlantic children's hospital. Both youth and parents completed demographic and FA medical history questionnaires, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Food Allergy Independent Measure as part of a longitudinal study about FA adjustment and adherence. Results Over a third (37%) of youth scored above clinical cut-offs for overall anxiety symptoms. At least 25% of youth reported clinically significant scores on panic disorder, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety, and school avoidance subscales. Perception of risk of adverse FA outcomes and burden—but not FA medical history–were associated with total anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, and school avoidance symptoms, but not social anxiety and separation anxiety. Having more FAs was associated with higher social anxiety scores but not with other anxiety subscales. Conclusions Youth with FA might benefit from psychosocial interventions that address FA risk perception management and promote appropriate FA vigilance to cope with anxiety symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]