92,356 results on '"Focus (computing)"'
Search Results
202. Does instructing attentional focus direction affect static single leg balance performance?
- Author
-
Cory J Monahan and Wendy L. Hurley
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Focus (computing) ,business.industry ,Movement (music) ,Physical fitness ,Affect (psychology) ,Postural control ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Balance performance ,medicine ,business ,Psychology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Motor skill ,Balance (ability) - Abstract
Balance and postural control exercises are generally included as a part of exercise programs, during which movement practitioners can provide instructions to facilitate the performance of motor skills. Instructions can be used as cues to direct attentional focus, which has been found to affect the performance of motor skills, including balance and postural control tasks. However, no known studies to date have investigated the effect of both internal and external attentional focus instructions on static single leg balance performance, and it seems unclear whether effects of such instructions are related specifically to the direction of attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of instructing the direction of attentional focus on single leg static balance performance as reflected by the complexity of the center of pressure (COP) profile. Participants (N = 46) between the ages of 19–28 years old were randomly assigned to one of three group conditions: internal focus (INTn=15), external focus (EXTn=16) and control (CONn=15). Participants performed a thirty-five second static single leg balance task. Outcome measures were the scaling exponent determined from a detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) to infer complexity of the COP profile in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) directions, and root mean square error (RMSE) of the COP profile in AP and ML directions. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined there were no statistically significant differences in the measured variables among groups. The results do not support the claim that manipulating the direction of attentional focus affects static single leg balance performance.
- Published
- 2021
203. Focus on Eastern European Stage Directors
- Author
-
Ioana Petcu
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Stage (stratigraphy) ,business.industry ,Political science ,Public relations ,business - Abstract
Palgrave Macmillan Publishing House contributions on Global/International Theatre and Performance topics continued in 2021 by a new title 20 Ground- Breaking Directors of Eastern Europe edited by Kalina Stefanova and Marvin Carlson. The book is an important sign taken into consideration by its authors, especially since the theatre, in the last year and a half, has been one of the areas most affected by pandemic situation. Setting the spotlight on the twenty Eastern European stage directors represents a significant gesture in the very diverse landscape, always selfreflective in terms of status in the new context and in which the boundaries between the arts dissipate. The value of such complex studies grows both because they are momentary photographs, as well as a settlement in recent history with directions that foresee the future crossed by a thrill of insecurity.
- Published
- 2021
204. Why-questions and focus in Italian
- Author
-
Francesco Beltrame and Cristiano Chesi
- Subjects
Linguistics and Language ,Focus (computing) ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,Language and Linguistics ,Linguistics - Abstract
In this study we argue that the appropriateness of an answer to a why-question, potentially bearing on multiple contrast classes, is mainly influenced by the focalized argument, which identifies the relevant reference set. The focalization structure, however, interacts in a non-trivial way with the thematic structure and its accessibility, suggesting a general (independent) prominence of the direct object (DO) over the indirect one (IO). In correlation to that, we also observed that DO appears more resistant to extraction compared to IO, while it seems felicitous in a post-IO focalized low position (light NP-shifting). These contrasts are obtained by running five distinct experiments in Italian targeting various dislocation configurations: Four forced choice tasks manipulating leftward dislocation (i) clefting versus (ii) fronting versus (iii) clitic left dislocation and (iv) postverbal reordering (canonical DO IO order vs. IO DO) in ditransitive predicates. Then (v) an acceptability judgment study was administered to assess the difficulty in figuring out a licensing context coherent with the argument ordering, provided in the why-question. To minimize the interacting factors, all sentences included null subjects and a context was provided for each experimental item in the forced choice tasks, introducing the relevant contrast classes.
- Published
- 2021
205. Molecular Sensors of Temperature, Pressure, and Pain with Special Focus on TRPV1, TRPM8, and PIEZO2 Ion Channels
- Author
-
Seok-Yong Lee and Ru-Rong Ji
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Focus (computing) ,Physiology ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Pain medicine ,Temperature ,MEDLINE ,Pain ,TRPM Cation Channels ,TRPV Cation Channels ,General Medicine ,Human physiology ,Ion Channels ,Pressure ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical physics ,Insight ,business - Published
- 2021
206. Small Theological Libraries as Place
- Author
-
Kris Veldheer, Susan Ebertz, and Vance Thomas
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Physical space ,Sociology ,Theology ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Popularity - Abstract
The idea of “library as place” has become challenged/problematized because of two concurrent realities—the pandemic and the growing popularity of online instructional delivery. These two realities have aggravated longstanding questions about the status of small theological libraries already struggling with limited personnel and resources. How can we envision the “theological library as place” in such a way that we can revalue physical space while also orienting and guiding development of virtual spaces? After speakers have shared concepts and resources, participants will be broken up into small groups to discuss experiences including challenges and successes and may focus on either physical place or virtual place.
- Published
- 2021
207. Flexible attention system: Appearance time of split attention changes in accordance with the task difficulty level
- Author
-
Xiaogang Wu, Guangyao Zu, Aijun Wang, Heng Zhou, Ming Zhang, Hanbin Sang, and Fan Zhang
- Subjects
Cued speech ,Linguistics and Language ,Focus (computing) ,Computer science ,Flexibility (personality) ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Space (commercial competition) ,Unitary state ,Sensory Systems ,Language and Linguistics ,Asynchrony (computer programming) ,Task (project management) ,Salient ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Cues ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Although it is often assumed that spatial attention exists in the form of a unitary focus, the split-attention hypothesis proposes that attention can be simultaneously divided into two spatially noncontiguous positions and that the space in between can be ignored. However, whether split attention occurs directly based on the generation of attentional benefit or whether it requires a gradual divide from a unitary focus over time has not been clarified. In the present study, by using two spatial salient cues to direct the attention allocation of participants, we aimed to investigate whether attention requires time to divide from a unitary focus and whether the appearance time of split attention varies when the task difficulty level increases between experiments. The results showed that attention required time to divide from a unitary focus, and the position between the two cued positions was not excluded by attention when the stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) was 60 ms. However, as the task difficulty increased between experiments, the appearance time of split attention was earlier. These findings suggest that the appearance time of split attention has a certain flexibility and can be changed according to the task requirement, thus implying that split attention and unitary attention present some common attention mechanisms and that a split or unitary mode can be flexibly selected for an attention system.
- Published
- 2021
208. Research on the Impact of 'Competitive Neutrality' Rules on Chinese State-owned Enterprises
- Author
-
Hanxiong Xiao, Guowei Gao, Xiaobin Lin, and Wenjing Ruan
- Subjects
International market ,Focus (computing) ,Market economy ,State owned ,Public service ,Business ,Neutrality ,China ,Competitive advantage - Abstract
"Competitive neutrality" rules are becoming the focus of attention of the new generation of international economic and trade rules. "Competitive neutrality" rules hinder state-owned enterprises from opening up international markets. It also will weaken the domestic competitive advantage of state-owned enterprises, and the public service capabilities of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, China needs to implement state-owned enterprise reforms to better respond to this trend.
- Published
- 2021
209. Reconstructing policy transfer in adult and vocational education and training
- Author
-
Sandra Bohlinger, Antje Barabasch, and Stefan Wolf
- Subjects
vocational education and training VET ,Medical education ,Focus (computing) ,Policy transfer ,Adult education ,Vocational education ,history of VET ,policy transfer ,Sociology ,governance 2.0 ,adult education ,Training (civil) ,Education - Abstract
The article contributes to the understanding of educational policy transfer with a particular focus on VET and labour-market related training. A review of VET policy transfer literature is followed by a description of travelling VET reforms in adult and vocational education and training around the globe. Historical foundations of VET policy transfer are described with an emphasis on lending and borrowing from the global North to the global South. Finally, contemporary forces that influence global policy transfer, derived from personal observation, are described. We aim to contribute to a better understanding of policy cycles by depicting the influence of different dynamics on decision-making for policy transfer in VET. We argue that there can be various reasons to policy transfer, not just attractiveness of a particular educational system or approach, but also global industry demands for workforce development or the influence of big data and social media.
- Published
- 2021
210. Student ways of thinking in STEM contexts: A focus on claim making and reasoning
- Author
-
David Slavit, Kristin Lesseig, and Elizabeth Grace
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Mathematics (miscellaneous) ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Sociology ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Education ,Epistemology - Published
- 2021
211. Giving voice to the voices of legal practitioners with disabilities
- Author
-
Robyn White, Ensa Johnson, and Juan Bornman
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Health (social science) ,Human rights ,business.industry ,Lived experience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Social Sciences ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Public relations ,Term (time) ,General Health Professions ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY ,Justice (ethics) ,Sociology ,Communication disability ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Several international human rights conventions focus on ensuring access to justice for all. Based on their unique lived experiences, legal practitioners with disabilities have much to offer in term...
- Published
- 2021
212. Assessing the Implementation of Decentralized Management System: Babre Tabor Municipality Administration in Focus
- Author
-
Belaynew Mesfin Demelash
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Management system ,General Engineering ,Business ,Public administration ,Administration (government) ,Decentralization - Abstract
This study addressed the efforts exerted on the implementation of decentralization management system employed a few years ago in a governmental institution. More specifically, this study attempted to assess the perceptions employees hold about the decentralization package, their decision-making practices and correlations among participants’ perception, decision-making practices and provision of resources. To this end, of one hundred and fifty employees, fifty of Debre Tabore Municipality administrative, in Amhara regional state, were selected in a mix of systematic and stratified sampling technique. Likert scale and frequency count itemized questionnaire administered and forty-eight sheets of questionnaire were returned filled in. The major findings showed that participants had a reasonable level of awareness on the positive roles of decentralization, considerable level of decision-making practices and some degree of perceived provisions of resources or support. Besides, there seemed to have positive relationships among the participants’ perceptions about municipality decentralization, input provision and practice of decision making. small but positive correlations among perceptions. A mere degree of variations of responses to the perceptions and practices of decentralization were also seen due to background differences in gender, position and work experiences. In light of the results, the decentralization could be implemented with a more focus of employees’ concern on resource provisions and shared commitment.
- Published
- 2021
213. The Effect of HRM Practices on Employment Outcomes in Indigenous Social Enterprises
- Author
-
Michelle Evans, Ian O. Williamson, and Jeffrey A. Robinson
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economic growth ,Focus (computing) ,Business ,Development ,Business and International Management ,Indigenous ,Employment outcomes - Abstract
Indigenous economic development is a critical area of focus for many communities globally. Indigenous social enterprises play an important role in enhancing economic development by providing employ...
- Published
- 2021
214. From Symbolic Manipulations to Stepwise Instructions: A Curricular Comparison of Swedish School Algebra Content over the Past 40 Years
- Author
-
Kajsa Bråting
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,content analysis ,Case study ,Didactics ,Didaktik ,mathematics education ,Education ,Algebra ,early algebra ,Content analysis ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,intended curriculum ,Algebra over a field ,Algebraic number ,Content (Freudian dream analysis) ,Psychology ,Early Algebra - Abstract
Although there have been a huge number of attempts to improve school algebra teaching, several countries are still struggling to improve students algebraic skills. In this study, we focus on the specific case of Sweden where students for several decades have had major problems mastering algebra. In order to get a better understanding of the Swedish situation, we consider what constitutes Swedish school algebra by investigating the development of algebraic content in the Swedish mathematics curriculum documents over the past 40 years. The results reveal that the connection between arithmetic and algebra, the so-called generalized arithmetic, is almost absent in all three curricula although researchers argue that generalized arithmetic is one of the most relevant topics within early algebra. Instead, Sweden has chosen a unique approach as programming, with a specific focus on stepwise instructions and algorithms, recently has been implemented within the core content of algebra.
- Published
- 2021
215. Resource scheduling methods in cloud and fog computing environments: a systematic literature review
- Author
-
Aryan Rahimikhanghah, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Bahareh Rezazadeh, and Melika Tajkey
- Subjects
Schedule ,Focus (computing) ,Relation (database) ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Emerging technologies ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Cloud computing ,Data science ,Field (computer science) ,Scheduling (computing) ,business ,Software ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
In recent years, cloud computing can be considered an emerging technology that can share resources with users. Because cloud computing is on-demand, efficient use of resources such as memory, processors, bandwidth, etc., is a big challenge. Despite the advantages of cloud computing, sometimes it is not a proper choice due to its delay in responding appropriately to existing requests, which led to the need for another technology called fog computing. Fog computing reduces traffic and time lags by expanding cloud services to the network and closer to users. It can schedule resources with higher efficiency and utilize them to impact the user's experience dramatically. This paper aims to survey some studies that have been done in the field of scheduling in fog/cloud computing environments. The focus of this survey is on published studies between 2015 and 2021 in journals or conferences. We selected 71 studies in a systematic literature review (SLR) from four major scientific databases based on their relation to our paper. We classified these studies into five categories based on their traced parameters and their focus area. This classification comprises 1—performance 2—energy efficiency, 3—resource utilization, 4—performance and energy efficiency, and 5—performance and resource utilization simultaneously. 42.3% of the studies focused on performance, 9.9% on energy efficiency, 7.0% on resource utilization, 21.1% on both performance and energy efficiency, and 19.7% on both performance and resource utilization. Finally, we present challenges and open issues in the resource scheduling methods in fog/cloud computing environments.
- Published
- 2021
216. A Review on Fact Extraction and Verification
- Author
-
BekoulisGiannis, PapagiannopoulouChristina, and DeligiannisNikos
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Focus (computing) ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Information retrieval ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,Fact extraction ,Fake news ,Computation and Language (cs.CL) ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Task (project management) - Abstract
We study the fact checking problem, which aims to identify the veracity of a given claim. Specifically, we focus on the task of Fact Extraction and VERification (FEVER) and its accompanied dataset. The task consists of the subtasks of retrieving the relevant documents (and sentences) from Wikipedia and validating whether the information in the documents supports or refutes a given claim. This task is essential and can be the building block of applications such as fake news detection and medical claim verification. In this paper, we aim at a better understanding of the challenges of the task by presenting the literature in a structured and comprehensive way. We describe the proposed methods by analyzing the technical perspectives of the different approaches and discussing the performance results on the FEVER dataset, which is the most well-studied and formally structured dataset on the fact extraction and verification task. We also conduct the largest experimental study to date on identifying beneficial loss functions for the sentence retrieval component. Our analysis indicates that sampling negative sentences is important for improving the performance and decreasing the computational complexity. Finally, we describe open issues and future challenges, and we motivate future research in the task., Comment: Preprint - Accepted for publication in ACM Computing Surveys
- Published
- 2021
217. Focus : Function clone identification on cross‐platform
- Author
-
Shouling Ji, Whenzhi Chen, Zonghui Wang, Peiyu Liu, Lirong Fu, Changchang Liu, Ting Wang, and Fuzheng Duan
- Subjects
Human-Computer Interaction ,Focus (computing) ,Identification (information) ,Artificial Intelligence ,Computer science ,Graph neural networks ,Cross-platform ,Clone (cell biology) ,Computational biology ,Software ,Function (biology) ,Theoretical Computer Science - Published
- 2021
218. BDNF, A Focus to Major Depression
- Author
-
Aparecida Marcelino Nazareth
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Focus (computing) ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Published
- 2021
219. Shaping the future of robotics through materials innovation
- Author
-
Ronald H. Heisser, Yoonho Kim, Philipp Rothemund, Christoph Keplinger, Robert F. Shepherd, and Xuanhe Zhao
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Engineering ,Future of robotics ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Human life ,Robotics ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Soft materials ,Robotic systems ,Mechanics of Materials ,Systems engineering ,General Materials Science ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
New classes of functional soft materials show promise to revolutionize robotics. Now materials scientists must focus on realizing the predicted performance of these materials and developing effective and robust interfaces to integrate them into highly functional robotic systems that have a positive impact on human life.
- Published
- 2021
220. Play diversity and student agency in the redevelopment of a school playspace
- Author
-
Julianne Lynch and Llewellyn Wishart
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Public relations ,Child development ,Redevelopment ,Agency (sociology) ,Sociology ,business ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
The role of unstructured nature-based play in children’s wellbeing, health and learning is a significant focus in research into child development and is increasingly a concern for schools and early...
- Published
- 2021
221. Structural and Dynamical Roles of Bound Polymer Chains in Rubber Reinforcement
- Author
-
Victoria García Sakai, Michihiro Nagao, Benjamin M. Yavitt, Takashi Taniguchi, Bela Farago, Tadanori Koga, Madhusudan Tyagi, Tomomi Masui, Margarita Kruteva, Bobby G. Sumpter, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Dieter Richter, Maya K. Endoh, Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo, Alexander E. Ribbe, and Daniel Salatto
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Focus (computing) ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Polymer science ,Organic Chemistry ,Polymer ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry ,Natural rubber ,visual_art ,Materials Chemistry ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Reinforcement - Abstract
The addition of nanofillers to rubber matrices is a powerful route to improve the mechanical properties. Here, we focus on a molecular understanding of basic mechanisms that are important for the r...
- Published
- 2021
222. GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADES EM FOCO: AS DISCUSSÕES QUE DISCENTES DO CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA, MODALIDADE A DISTÂNCIA, REALIZAM EM SUA PRÁTICA DOCENTE
- Author
-
Adelaine Ellis Carbonar dos Santos and Virginia Iara de Andrade Maistro
- Subjects
Mode (music) ,Focus (computing) ,Pedagogy ,Specialization (functional) ,Human sexuality ,General Medicine - Abstract
A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender como discentes do curso de especialização em Ensino de Biologia, modalidade a distância, discutem a temática de gênero e sexualidades em sua prática docente. Para tanto, foi realizada a aplicação de questionário via Google Docs a discentes matriculados nos 8 polos que ofertam o referido curso de especialização pelo período de 18 a 25 de maio de 2019. Partimos da premissa de que a escola se constitui enquanto heteronormativa e LGBTfóbica. Além disso, o discurso biológico se configura como um regulador de práticas humanas. Desta forma, docentes da disciplina de biologia possuem um importante papel na desconstrução de práticas com enfoque no determinismo biológico para a compreensão de gênero e sexualidades, bem como no combate a preconceitos e discriminações. Os resultados evidenciam que, em sua maioria, os docentes discutem tranquilamente as temáticas, tornando-se mobilizadores neste processo de abertura para tais abordagens em âmbito educacional, mesmo com a falta de preparo e omissão por parte de outros docentes e da equipe pedagógica. Por fim, a maioria dos participantes concordam com a importância dos temas em âmbito escolar, utilizando das mais variadas metodologias e estratégias para a promoção do respeito e ao enfrentamento da LGBTfobia.
- Published
- 2021
223. Exploring the Untapped Potential of Library-University Partnerships: A Focus on Early Learning
- Author
-
Megan E. Pratt, Michelle Taylor, and Mariko Whelan
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Property (philosophy) ,business.industry ,Download ,General partnership ,Warranty ,Early childhood ,Sociology ,Library and Information Sciences ,Public relations ,Permission ,business ,Ideal (ethics) - Abstract
US Public libraries are ideal contexts to support early learning and family engagement. However, they are still not fully connected with the early childhood systems within their communities, limiting their potential impact to prepare children and families for the transition to formal schooling. Further, COVID-19 has exacerbated existing barriers to library access, particularly for historically marginalized populations. To address this gap, we contend that public library-university partnerships are one way public libraries can improve their impact and expand their reach. Public libraries and developmental researchers share similar goals and possess complementary expertise that makes a partnership approach to collaboration mutually beneficial. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Public Library Quarterly is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
224. University Students’ Understanding of Information Media in Learning
- Author
-
Azusa Iwase
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Knowledge management ,business.industry ,Students understanding ,Library and Information Sciences ,business ,Psychology ,Information media ,Selection (genetic algorithm) - Published
- 2021
225. Remarks on Church Property Restitution in Romania, with Special Focus on the Case of the Székely Mikó College
- Author
-
Emőd Veress
- Subjects
Restitution ,Focus (computing) ,Property (philosophy) ,General Medicine ,Sociology ,Law and economics - Abstract
The Soviet-style dictatorship nationalized church property, primarily educational and social institutions, run by the historical churches of national minorities. After the collapse of this political regime, a quest for restitution began, which raised complex private law issues. Finally, legislation favorable for restitution was created. However, the application of the legislation unchanged in its relevant provisions has two distinct phases: the first one is favorable for restitution. The second phase started after the Romanian accession into the EU, and NATO was less favorable. The external pressure for restitution, based on the rule of law, diminished. The restitution of the national minority church property today is largely perceived as a process conflicting with Romanian national interest. These changes and the complex legal problems raised and misused even by courts are illustrated in the case of Székely Mikó College.
- Published
- 2021
226. Differentially private partition selection
- Author
-
Damien Desfontaines, James Voss, Bryant Gipson, and Chinmoy Mandayam
- Subjects
Ethics ,FOS: Computer and information sciences ,data privacy ,Focus (computing) ,Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Theoretical computer science ,Selection (relational algebra) ,Computer science ,Small number ,QA75.5-76.95 ,Extension (predicate logic) ,BJ1-1725 ,Partition (database) ,Set (abstract data type) ,Simple (abstract algebra) ,differential privacy ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS) ,Noise (video) ,Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Many data analysis operations can be expressed as a GROUP BY query on an unbounded set of partitions, followed by a per-partition aggregation. To make such a query differentially private, adding noise to each aggregation is not enough: we also need to make sure that the set of partitions released is also differentially private. This problem is not new, and it was recently formally introduced as differentially private set union. In this work, we continue this area of study, and focus on the common setting where each user is associated with a single partition. In this setting, we propose a simple, optimal differentially private mechanism that maximizes the number of released partitions. We discuss implementation considerations, as well as the possible extension of this approach to the setting where each user contributes to a fixed, small number of partitions., Comment: Accepted for publication in Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PoPETs), issue 2022.1
- Published
- 2021
227. Does the insanity plea allow the infringement of the public’s right to security or is taking away the plea an infringement of yours?
- Author
-
Nikita A Khandheria
- Subjects
Insanity plea ,Focus (computing) ,Plea ,Law ,Mentally ill ,Political science ,Legislature ,Mental health - Abstract
This paper will focus on an assessment of the plea ‘not guilty by reason of insanity.’ The piece will seek to interrogate how the mentally ill are treated by the judicial system, whether the NGRI plea is reasonable, and the ways in which the legislative system must adapt to ensure that mental health is prioritised.
- Published
- 2021
228. A three-legged stool: Teachers’ views of Junior Cycle Physical Education curriculum change
- Author
-
Mary O'Sullivan, Brigitte Moody, Michael Carey, and Melissa Parker
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Irish ,Pedagogy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,language ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Sociology ,Curriculum ,language.human_language ,Education ,Physical education - Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to examine Irish Physical Education teachers' views on curriculum change at the beginning of its implementation stage, with a particular focus on revision to the Physical Education curriculum and the new Wellbeing programme. In the light of these revisions, teachers were asked to make considerable changes to their beliefs and pedagogical approaches. Teacher change theory provided a lens through which to examine teachers' views. We reimaged the three aspects of teacher change as a triangle or ‘three-legged stool' where the three elements of curriculum materials/resources, pedagogy, and beliefs combine to offer a sense of security to sustain the impending changes. A survey and a series of semi-structured interviews provided data and in total 119 second level Physical Education teachers participated. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics of quantitative data and inductive and deductive analysis of qualitative data. Three themes were developed: A Learning Focus, Embracing Change, and Curriculum Enactment. Contrary to recent findings in the change literature, the teachers in this study welcomed curriculum changes as their beliefs aligned with the purpose of the reform of Physical Education. The results indicated that the new curriculum was catching up with teachers’ core beliefs about the purpose of Physical Education. However, in line with recent research, teachers were sceptical about ongoing support for resourcing and continued professional development. In conclusion, the ‘three-legged stool of sustained change has the potential to be unbalanced thereby maintaining teacher buy-in to the new reforms is potentially fragile.
- Published
- 2021
229. Feds focus on naloxone and fentanyl test strips, blame COVID‐19 for OD increases
- Author
-
Alison Knopf
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,General Medicine ,Fentanyl ,Test strips ,Blame ,Anesthesia ,Naloxone ,Medicine ,business ,media_common ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2021
230. Legal Rigidity and Digital Fluidity: Relationships between the State and the Internet
- Author
-
Sarah Graham
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Transformative learning ,Rigidity (electromagnetism) ,State (polity) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Terrorist activity ,The Internet ,business ,Law and economics ,media_common - Abstract
This paper shall focus on the transformative nature of technology, namely in facilitating criminal and terrorist activity and the unique challenges to regulation. The Internet requires a re-examination of static concepts of territorial boundaries and legal jurisdictions which contribute to uncertainty in regulation.
- Published
- 2021
231. The modified biopsy technique conducting ultrasound bronchoscopy with endosonographic-guided position of the endoscopic instrument in the area of the pathological focus. The results of the first phase of the clinical trial
- Author
-
Evgenii A. Pushkarev, Ildar M. Iusupov, Andrei V. Vazhenin, Inna A. Popova, Konstantin I. Kulaev, and Konstantin S. Zuikov
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Focus (computing) ,bronchoscopy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,endosonography ,Ultrasound ,Phase (waves) ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Clinical trial ,lung cancer ,Position (obstetrics) ,patent ,Oncology ,Bronchoscopy ,endoscopic ultrasound ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Radiology ,endoscopy ,business ,Pathological ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background. The problem of diagnostics and treatment of malignant neoplasms of the lungs is urgent. Verification of a malignant process in the case of peripheral localization of a neoplasm in the lung using ultrasound bronchoscopy ranges from 30 to 85%. To improve the efficiency of ultrasound bronchoscopy, a modified biopsy technique for ultrasound bronchoscopy was developed and introduced into clinical practice at the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine. The essence of the modified technique is that it becomes possible for ultrasound visual control over the passage and deployment of biopsy forceps in real time. The technique was patented, patent for invention RU №2719666 C1 was issued. Aim. To clarify the information content of ultrasound bronchoscopy using a modified technique. Materials and methods. On the basis of the endoscopic Department of Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine in 2019 and 2020, ultrasound bronchoscopy using this technique was performed on 40 patients with suspected peripheral malignant neoplasm of the lungs. The diagnosis of malignant neoplasm was verified in 67.5% of cases. Using the standard biopsy technique, the probability of verification of lung malignant neoplasms in 2019 and 2020 was 57.7%. Thus, the modified biopsy technique made it possible to increase the verification probability by 9.8%. The modified technique is relatively safe, complications during the procedure were detected in 2 patients (in 3.8% of cases) and were successfully treated conservatively. During and after the procedure, the patients were monitored and monitored. The ultrasound bronchoscopy according to the modified technique was satisfactorily tolerated by the patients. Results. The period of examination of patients when using this technique does not increase. The technique replaces more invasive diagnostic procedures. Conclusion. The use of the modified technique will improve the information content of ultrasound bronchoscopy, shorten the examination time for patients and accelerate the appointment of special treatment methods.
- Published
- 2021
232. The Limits of Liability: Anglo-American Organisations and Vicarious Liability from the 19th Century to the Present
- Author
-
Jacob Joad
- Subjects
Vicarious liability ,Focus (computing) ,Political science ,Common law ,Law ,Liability - Abstract
This paper, ‘Limits of Liability’, shall focus on the recent history of the concept of vicarious liability in Anglo-American common law from the 19th century to the present.
- Published
- 2021
233. Influence of humic substances on the landfill leachate biodegradability with a focus on temporal seasonality
- Author
-
Victor Rezende Moreira, Wagner Guadagnin Moravia, Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron, Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral, and Liséte Celina Lange
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Environmental Engineering ,humic substances ,inert cod ,Environmental engineering ,molar mass distribution ,Biodegradation ,Seasonality ,medicine.disease ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,landfill leachate ,biodegradability ,medicine ,Environmental science ,Leachate ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,TD1-1066 ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The high resilience to biological treatments from the landfill leachate is generally associated with the presence of humic substances (HS). The brown color characteristic of this effluent is also related to these substances. Landfill leachate with low biodegradability can make biological treatments unfeasible, which can drive up the cost for the treatment of large leachate volumes. In this context, this research aimed to characterize the leachate in different seasonal periods, and verify the influence of HS species on the biodegradability of the effluent to assist in the selection of adequate treatment techniques. The HS quantification was performed using the modified Lowry method and speciation through fractionation according to the molar masses of the HS species. The tropical regions can be the precursor for the rapid stabilization of biodegradable organic matter. The warmer climate contributed to a reduced BOD/COD ratio (0.03) and the predominance of compounds of lower mass (e.g.: fulvic acids). The tests showed an HS concentration of 26.9% of the total COD in the raw leachate in the rainy season, which increased to 37.3% in the dry season. Approximately 70% of HS species refer to fulvic acids, a fraction identified as having the highest biologic treatment resilience. HIGHLIGHTS A method for HS determination in the presence of proteins was assessed.; Leachate is diluted during hydric surplus.; FA are the main compounds in stabilized leachate among the HS.; Leachate resilience to biodegradation is mainly derived from FA.; Hydraulic retention times longer than 20 days are not recommended due to cell lysis.
- Published
- 2021
234. Epigenetic mechanisms of nephroprotection in diabetic nephropathy: focus is on sirtuin-1
- Author
-
Zh. A. Murkamilova, F. A. Yusupov, V V Fomin, K. A. Aitbaev, and Ilkhom T. Murkamilov
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,animal structures ,endocrine system diseases ,biology ,business.industry ,Sirtuin 1 ,food and beverages ,Bioinformatics ,medicine.disease ,Diabetic nephropathy ,Nephrology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Epigenetics ,biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Numerous studies have shown the critical role of sirtuin-1 deacetylase (SIRT1) in the protection of renal cells from endogenous and exogenous stresses. A protective role for SIRT1 has been established in both podocytes and renal tubular cells in many kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN). SIRT1 has also been shown to have nephroprotective effects in DN, in part through the deacetylation of transcription factors involved in disease pathogenesis, such as p53, FOXO, RelA / p65NF-KB, STAT3, and PGC1a / PPARy. Recently, it was found that podocyte-specific overexpression of SIRT1 attenuates proteinuria and kidney damage in an experimental model of DN, suggesting the possibility of using SIRT1 as a potential target for the treatment of kidney disease. In addition, SIRT1 agonists such as resveratrol and BF175 have been shown to reduce diabetic kidney damage in several experimental animal models. It has also been shown that puerarin, a Chinese herbal medicine, activates SIRT1, providing nephroprotection in a mouse model of DN. In addition to SIRT1 agonists, inhibitors of bromodomain, in particular, MS417, also have a nephroprotective effect. These results suggest that SIRT1 agonists and bromodomain inhibitors may be new potential therapeutic agents that slow the progression of DN.
- Published
- 2021
235. The baby‐led weaning method: A focus on mealtime behaviours, food acceptance and fine motor skills
- Author
-
Bénédicte Fontaine-Bisson, Meghan Campeau, Sarah Philippe, and Rose Martini
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Food acceptance ,Psychology ,Child development ,Baby-led weaning ,Infant feeding ,Fine motor ,Developmental psychology - Published
- 2021
236. The institutional architecture of the European Union: emerging and unresolved questions
- Author
-
Giacomo Delledonne
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,European Parliament ,Sociology and Political Science ,Institutional change ,institutional change ,national parliaments ,crises of European integration, European Commission, European Parliament, institutional change, national parliaments ,Public administration ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European commission ,European union ,European Commission ,crises of European integration ,media_common ,Institutional architecture - Abstract
This review article discusses three books that analyse in depth recent trends in the institutional architecture of the European Union. The three books focus, respectively, on the relations between ...
- Published
- 2021
237. Assessing Perceptions and Practices of Environmental Problems: Bahir Dar City, in Ethiopia, in Focus
- Author
-
Birhanu Simegn Chanie
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,genetic structures ,Perception ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sociology ,Environmental perception ,Environmental planning ,media_common - Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to see the level of environmental perception and perceived environmental practices. It also addressed the correlations among demographic factors, awareness and perceived behaviors. Besides, how gender difference, if any, revealed on people’s perception and practice was checked. Fifty participants selected randomly from different working sites (such as football field, shopping centers, and public library) were administered a likert scale questionnaire on perceptions and practices of environmental issues. The descriptive statistics revealed fairly higher level of environmental perception and practices. Correlation coefficients revealed little sign of connection between what the participants perceived about environmental problems and what environmental activities they reported. Besides, insignificant differences between men and women were observed on both their perceptions and pro-environmental behaviors. Therefore, the role background and gender related variables play for pro-environmental issues seemed to be re-examined for a more elaborated explanation on environmental perception and behaviors.
- Published
- 2021
238. Creating spaces of refusal in the neoliberal academy
- Author
-
Christen T. Sasaki and Samuel D. Museus
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Heartbeat ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Political economy ,Neoliberalism ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,Collective action ,Social justice ,Education ,media_common - Abstract
Collective action has always been the heartbeat of social justice movements. However, existing systems pressure people to focus on hyper-competition and eradicate the ability to collectively resist...
- Published
- 2021
239. Introducing Regular Turnover Details, 1960–2015: A dataset on world leaders’ legal removal from office
- Author
-
Amanda A. Licht
- Subjects
International relations ,Focus (computing) ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Political science ,Political Science and International Relations ,Comparative politics ,Research questions ,Public relations ,Public good ,business ,Safety Research - Abstract
The premier data on leader survival focus on the violent, dramatic means by which leaders ‘exit’ office. This information, vital for many research questions, constitutes a valuable public good for the community. Yet, it provides an incomplete picture of the political rise and fall of world leaders. The burgeoning study of leaders using survival analysis requires a fine-grained understanding of not just when, but why and how leaders lose power. We cannot, for example, conclude that a leader’s exit implies a successful application of international pressure if her removal stems from pre-set constitutional laws and the immediate successor has long been considered the heir apparent. The Regular Turnover Details dataset remedies this problem. Two principal variables report information about the manner of each leader’s exit and the relationship between outgoing and incoming leaders, allowing analysts to arbitrate between exits that suggest political failure and those that don’t, identify non-political leaders (such as interim and technocratic executives), and determine whether leaders constitute heirs to power or challengers thereto.
- Published
- 2021
240. The Los Alamos Computing Facility During the Manhattan Project
- Author
-
B. J. Archer
- Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Engineering ,Focus (computing) ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTERSYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION ,business.industry ,Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Systems engineering ,History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph) ,business ,Manhattan project - Abstract
This article describes the history of the computing facility at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project, 1944 to 1946. The hand computations are briefly discussed, but the focus is on the IBM Punch Card Accounting Machines (PCAM). During WWII the Los Alamos facility was one of most advanced PCAM facilities both in the machines and in the problems being solved.
- Published
- 2021
241. Beyond user experience and technology acceptance: Criteria to select a technology for a road safety behavioural change intervention
- Author
-
Daniel Vankov
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Process management ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Theory of planned behavior ,Psychological intervention ,Transportation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Popularity ,Intervention (law) ,Work (electrical) ,User experience design ,Acceptance testing ,Automotive Engineering ,business ,Applied Psychology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
Novel technologies, such as smartphones or virtual reality, are seen as attractive tools with high potential to trigger behavioral change. Therefore, they are embraced enthusiastically by both business and academia. Interventions using technology as tools can be expected to further increase their popularity in the near future. A large amount of contemporary research seems to focus on examining user experience and technology acceptance. Such a focus is a natural first step in understanding a novel technology. At the same time, much less is known about the actual effectiveness of novel technologies in interventions. This limited knowledge represents a potential challenge to researchers when deciding which particular technology example to choose for their work. This theoretical study proposes an informed approach to making that choice, particularly for road safety interventions. The approach is grounded in the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Criteria are suggested for initial technology impact evaluation, which should help researchers and practitioners compare different technology examples. Further criteria are touched upon in relation to practicalities around using technologies in interventions. The proposed framework may help future research of technology effectiveness by saving stakeholders' time to decide which technology they should adopt and test.
- Published
- 2021
242. Searching for medical devices – Practical guidance
- Author
-
Sarah Dawson, Chris Cooper, and Carol Lefebvre
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Medical device ,Systematic review ,Computer science ,Psychological intervention ,Set (psychology) ,Databases, Bibliographic ,Data science ,Systematic Reviews as Topic ,Education - Abstract
Systematic reviews of medical devices have generally adopted the same methodology for the conduct of their reviews as reviews of other clinical interventions, in particular, medicines. It has been suggested that these methods may need to be developed to account for the challenges of reviewing the evidence for medical devices when compared to reviews of medicines. The purpose of this research note is to focus on the methods of searching for medical devices. Our aim is to set out guidance on 'how to search' for medical devices. This includes: Defining what you are searching for; How to design a search strategy; Searching bibliographic databases; Searching beyond bibliographic databases; and Search reporting. The research note is written by three experienced searchers/researchers with experience of critically appraising Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme (MTEP) submissions, undertaking systematic searches and/or reviews of medical devices, or developing guidance for searching for studies for systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions, including medical devices. The research note includes a worked example of a search for a fictitious medical device.
- Published
- 2021
243. Characterization of the flow field around the primary heat exchanger of a residential gas furnace via particle image velocimetry
- Author
-
Ross Mielke, Weixiao Shang, David Russell, Puyuan Wu, Asad Sardar, and Jun Chen
- Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Focus (computing) ,Environmental Engineering ,Particle image velocimetry ,Heat exchanger ,Environmental science ,Mechanical engineering ,Building and Construction ,Flow field ,Characterization (materials science) - Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study of the flow field in a residential gas furnace model, with a focus on the measurement of the detailed flow field around the primary heating exchangers. A m...
- Published
- 2021
244. Changes over 15 years in lone parenting of Irish persons with intellectual disability
- Author
-
Sarah Craig, Roy McConkey, and Anne Doyle
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Increased risk ,Irish ,Intellectual disability ,medicine ,language ,medicine.disease ,Psychology ,Marital breakdown ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,language.human_language ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
People with intellectual disability mostly require life-long care that in many countries is provided by parents. The increased risk of marital breakdown in these families has been a focus of attent...
- Published
- 2021
245. The Transformative Potential of a Vulnerability Focus in Case Study 1
- Author
-
Veronika Flegar
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Transformative learning ,Vulnerability ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology - Published
- 2021
246. Philippe Ariés, Childhood and the Everyday
- Author
-
Nidhi Gulati
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Private life ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Intellectual history ,Education - Abstract
This commentary navigates the oeuvre of Ariés’ writings on childhood, family, private life and death, with a focus on interrogating ‘who is a child?’ Departing from the intellectual history prevalent at the time, Ariés deployed the psychogenic approach to study the cultural history of childhood and family. He examines the quotidian experience of aesthetics and other documents of culture to reveal ‘what was thought about' viz. the mentalities’ of childhood and family spanning a vast canvas from the eleventh to the nineteenth centuries. Ariés provocatively proposes that childhood is a modern construct, highlighting that children were not always seen as precious, dependent and in need of adult protection. The magnitude of his intellectual adventure continues to be debated, particularly in childhood studies. The commentary includes an analysis of Ariés’ methods and insights about childhood that unsettle the narrow prisms that refract how we see, understand and educate children.
- Published
- 2021
247. Archive Archaeology: Preserving and Sharing Palmyra's Cultural Heritage through Harald Ingholt's Digital Archives. A case study in the accessibility and potential of archives
- Author
-
Amy C. Miranda and Rubina Raja
- Subjects
Cultural heritage ,Archeology ,Focus (computing) ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,History ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,General Arts and Humanities ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Best practice ,Digital Archives ,Archaeology - Abstract
Despite growing focus, archives remain under-utilised in archaeology and cultural heritage research. Regrettably, COVID-19 exacerbated archive inaccessibility, as researchers were largely cut off from physical resources, thereby underlining the need to develop best practice scenarios. Here we present a case study that demonstrates the potential of archives when made freely available. © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Antiquity Publications Ltd.
- Published
- 2021
248. The Transformative Potential of a Vulnerability Focus in Case Study 2
- Author
-
Veronika Flegar
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Transformative learning ,Vulnerability ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology - Published
- 2021
249. Towards a Cumulative Effect in Combating Climate Change with Special Focus on Disaster Risk Reduction: Paris Agreement, SDGs and the Sendai Framework
- Author
-
Alexander Solntsev
- Subjects
Focus (computing) ,Disaster risk reduction ,Political science ,Climate change ,Environmental planning ,Cumulative effect - Published
- 2021
250. Crowdlending: mapping the core literature and research frontiers
- Author
-
Juan Piñeiro-Chousa, M. Ángeles López-Cabarcos, Daniel Palacios-Marqués, Samuel Ribeiro-Navarrete, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Economía Financeira e Contabilidade, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Organización de Empresas e Comercialización
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Focus (computing) ,M13 ,L26 ,Emerging technologies ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Behavioral economics ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Data science ,Bibliographic coupling ,Crowdlending ,Information asymmetry ,Bibliometrics ,ORGANIZACION DE EMPRESAS ,G00 ,Business ,P2P lending ,Diversity (business) ,Social capital - Abstract
[EN] Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending uses two-sided platforms to link borrowers with a crowd of lenders. Despite considerable diversity in crowdlending research, studies in this area typically focus on several common research topics, including information asymmetries, social capital, communication channels, and rating-based models. This young research field is still expanding. However, its importance has increased considerably since 2018. This rise in importance suggests that P2P lending may offer a promising new scientific research field. This paper presents a bibliometric study based on keyword co-occurrence, author and reference co-citations, and bibliographic coupling. The paper thus maps the key features of P2P lending research. Although many of the most cited papers are purely financial, some focus on behavioral finance. The trend in this field is toward innovative finance based on new technologies. The conclusions of this study provide valuable insight for researchers, managers, and policymakers to understand the current and future status of this field. The variables that affect new financial contexts and the strategies that promote technology-based financial environments must be investigated in the future., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.
- Published
- 2021
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.