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202. The Language We Use: Providers' Perceptions about Families

Author

Spence, Christine M., Rooks-Ellis, Deborah L., Ruiz, Amber Brown, Fish, Leigh Ann, Jones, Brooklin, O'Grady, Courtney E., and Sulinski, Ella

Abstract

Implicitly-held unconscious associations and attitudes may not align with the beliefs we hold outwardly or explicitly but can affect our professional perceptions, decisions, and actions. In a phenomenological study identifying strategies used to support families in vulnerable circumstances, we conducted nine focus groups to examine how early interventionists (EIs) described families and children, the language they used, and how they used it. Thematic qualitative analysis revealed three themes about families: perceptions of parenting, perceptions of capability, and perceptions of priorities. How EIs characterized families and their interactions with families were both reflective of and counter to family-centeredness and, at times, indicative of implicit bias. This study addresses a critical gap in the field, given the lack of empirical research available about implicit bias in early childhood intervention professionals. Implications for personnel preparation and practice change are discussed to begin the necessary work of moving the field toward more culturally sustaining practices.

Published
2022
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204. Standing out and Sorting In: Exploring the Role of Racial Composition in Racial Disparities in Special Education

Author

Fish, Rachel Elizabeth

Abstract

Schools differentially sort students into special education by race, though researchers debate the extent to which this is caused by racist school practices versus variation in student need due to other racial inequalities. I test the interaction between school-level racial composition and student-level race as a predictor of special education receipt. I find that as the proportion of White students increases, the risk of lower-status disabilities, such as intellectual disability, increases for Black, Latinx, and Native American students. As the proportion of White students decreases, White students' risk of higher-status disabilities, such as speech/language impairment, increases relative to students of color. Thus, in the context of racial distinctiveness, student race becomes salient to sorting into special education.

Published
2019
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205. A New Estimate of the Cutoff Value in the Bak-Sneppen Model

Author

Fish, C. A. and Veerman, J. J. P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

We present evidence that the Bak-Sneppen model of evolution on $N$ vertices requires $N^3$ iterates to reach equilibrium. This is substantially more than previous authors suggested (on the order of $N^2$). Based on that estimate, we present a novel algorithm inspired by previous rank-driven analyses of the model allowing for direct simulation of the model with populations of up to $N = 25600$ for $2\cdot N^3$ iterations. These extensive simulations suggest a cutoff value of $x^* = 0.66692 \pm 0.00003$, a value slightly lower than previously estimated yet still distinctly above $2/3$. We also study how the cutoff values $x^*_N$ at finite $N$ approximate the conjectured value $x^*$ at $N=\infty$. Assuming $x^*_N-x^*_\infty \sim N^{-\nu}$, we find that $\nu=0.978\pm 0.025$, which is significantly lower than previous estimates ($\nu\approx 1.4$)., Comment: 18 figures, 12 pages

Published
2021

206. Event Horizon Telescope observations of the jet launching and collimation in Centaurus A

Author

Janssen, Michael, Falcke, Heino, Kadler, Matthias, Ros, Eduardo, Wielgus, Maciek, Akiyama, Kazunori, Baloković, Mislav, Blackburn, Lindy, Bouman, Katherine L., Chael, Andrew, Chan, Chi-kwan, Chatterjee, Koushik, Davelaar, Jordy, Edwards, Philip G., Fromm, Christian M., Gómez, José L., Goddi, Ciriaco, Issaoun, Sara, Johnson, Michael D., Kim, Junhan, Koay, Jun Yi, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Liu, Jun, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, Markoff, Sera, Markowitz, Alex, Marrone, Daniel P., Mizuno, Yosuke, Müller, Cornelia, Ni, Chunchong, Pesce, Dominic W., Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Roelofs, Freek, Rygl, Kazi L. J., van Bemmel, Ilse, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope, Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Chesler, Paul M., Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas M., Crew, Geoffrey B., Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, Cui, Yuzhu, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica, Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph P., Farah, Joseph, Fish, Vincent L., Fomalont, Ed, Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, Gammie, Charles F., García, Roberto, Gelles, Zachary, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Gold, Roman, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark, Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael H., Hesper, Ronald, Himwich, Elizabeth, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul, Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, Jorstad, Svetlana, Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kino, Motoki, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Michael, Kramer, Carsten, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Kuo, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei P., Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin, Lu, Ru-Sen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Marscher, Alan P., Martí-Vidal, Iván, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn D., Medeiros, Lia, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Moran, James M., Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Musoke, Gibwa, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Héctor, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Özel, Feryal, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh, Pen, Ue-Li, Piétu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Pötzl, Felix M., Prather, Ben, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Psaltis, Dimitrios, Pu, Hung-Yi, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark G., Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ricarte, Angelo, Ripperda, Bart, Rogers, Alan, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Sánchez, Salvador, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F. Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhiqiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo P. J., Titus, Michael, Torne, Pablo, Trent, Tyler, Traianou, Efthalia, Trippe, Sascha, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John, Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wong, George N., Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, Doosoo, Young, André, Young, Ken, Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of active galactic nuclei at millimeter wavelengths have the power to reveal the launching and initial collimation region of extragalactic radio jets, down to $10-100$ gravitational radii ($r_g=GM/c^2$) scales in nearby sources. Centaurus A is the closest radio-loud source to Earth. It bridges the gap in mass and accretion rate between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in Messier 87 and our galactic center. A large southern declination of $-43^{\circ}$ has however prevented VLBI imaging of Centaurus A below ${\lambda}1$cm thus far. Here, we show the millimeter VLBI image of the source, which we obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope at $228$GHz. Compared to previous observations, we image Centaurus A's jet at a tenfold higher frequency and sixteen times sharper resolution and thereby probe sub-lightday structures. We reveal a highly-collimated, asymmetrically edge-brightened jet as well as the fainter counterjet. We find that Centaurus A's source structure resembles the jet in Messier 87 on ${\sim}500r_g$ scales remarkably well. Furthermore, we identify the location of Centaurus A's SMBH with respect to its resolved jet core at ${\lambda}1.3$mm and conclude that the source's event horizon shadow should be visible at THz frequencies. This location further supports the universal scale invariance of black holes over a wide range of masses., Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Nature Astronomy. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01417-w

Published
2021
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207. Arithmetic subtrees in large subsets of products of trees

Author

Bulinski, Kamil and Fish, Alexander

Subjects
Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 05D10, 37A30
Abstract

Furstenberg-Weiss have extended Szemer\'edi's theorem on arithmetic progressions to trees by showing that a large subset of the tree contains arbitrarily long arithmetic subtrees. We study higher dimensional versions that analogously extend the multidimensional Szemer\'edi theorem by demonstrating the existence of certain arithmetic structures in large subsets of a cartesian product of trees., Comment: 16 pages, no figures

Published
2021

208. The Variability of the Black-Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Time Scale

Author

Satapathy, Kaushik, Psaltis, Dimitrios, Ozel, Feryal, Medeiros, Lia, Dougall, Sean T., Chan, Chi-kwan, Wielgus, Maciek, Prather, Ben S., Wong, George N., Gammie, Charles F., Akiyama, Kazunori, Alberdi, Antxon, Alef, Walter, Algaba, Juan Carlos, Anantua, Richard, Asada, Keiichi, Azulay, Rebecca, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, Ball, David R., Baloković, Mislav, Barrett, John, Benson, Bradford A., Bintley, Dan, Blackburn, Lindy, Blundell, Raymond, Boland, Wilfred, Bouman, Katherine L., Bower, Geoffrey C., Boyce, Hope A., Bremer, Michael, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., Brissenden, Roger, Britzen, Silke, Broderick, Avery E., Broguiere, Dominique, Bronzwaer, Thomas, Bustamente, Sandra, Byun, Do-Young, Carlstrom, John E., Chael, Andrew, Chatterjee, Koushik, Chatterjee, Shami, Chen, Ming-Tang, Chen, Yongjun, Cho, Ilje, Christian, Pierre, Conway, John E., Cordes, James M., Crawford, Thomas, Crew, Geoffrey B., Osorio, Alejandro Cruz, Cui, Yuzhu, Davelaar, Jordy, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, Deane, Roger, Dempsey, Jessica T., Desvignes, Gregory, Dexter, Jason, Doeleman, Sheperd S., Eatough, Ralph, Falcke, Heino, Farah, Joseph R., Fish, Vincent, Fomalont, Edward B., Ford, H. Alyson, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, Friberg, Per, Fromm, Christian M., Fuentes, Antonio, Galison, Peter, García, Roberto, Gentaz, Olivier, Georgiev, Boris, Goddi, Ciriaco, Gold, Roman, Gomez-Ruiz, Arturo I., Gómez, Jose L., Gu, Minfeng, Gurwell, Mark A., Hada, Kazuhiro, Haggard, Daryl, Hecht, Michael, Hesper, Ronald, Ho, Luis C., Ho, Paul T., Honma, Mareki, Huang, Chih-Wei L., Huang, Lei, Hughes, David H., Ikeda, Shiro, Inoue, Makoto, Issaoun, Sara, James, David J., Jannuzi, Buell T., Janssen, Michael, Jeter, Britton, Jiang, Wu, Rosales, Alejandra Jimenez, Johnson, Michael D., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Jung, Taehyun, Karami, Mansour, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, Kawashima, Tomohisa, Keating, Garrett K., Kettenis, Mark, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Jae-Young, Kim, Jongsoo, Kim, Junhan, Kino, Motoki, Koay, Jun Yi, Kofuji, Yutaro, Koch, Patrick M., Koyama, Shoko, Kramer, Carsten, Kramer, Michael, Krichbaum, Thomas P., Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Lauer, Tod R., Lee, Sang-Sung, Levis, Aviad, Li, Yan-Rong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lindqvist, Michael, Lico, Rocco, Lindahl, Greg, Liu, Jun, Liu, Kuo, Liuzzo, Miss Elisabetta, Lo, Wen-Ping, Lobanov, Andrei, Loinard, Laurent, Lonsdale, Colin J., Lu, Rusen, MacDonald, Nicholas R., Mao, Jirong, Marchili, Nicola, Markoff, Sera, Marrone, Daniel, Marscher, Alan P., Marti-Vidal, Ivan, Matsushita, Satoki, Matthews, Lynn, Menten, Karl M., Mizuno, Izumi, Mizuno, Yosuke, Moran, James, Moriyama, Kotaro, Moscibrodzka, Monika, Muller, Cornelia, Mejias, Alejandro M., Musoke, Gibwa, Nagai, Hiroshi, Nagar, Neil M., Nakamura, Masanori, Narayan, Ramesh, Narayanan, Gopal, Natarajan, Iniyan, Nathanail, Antonios, Neilsen, Joey, Neri, Roberto, Ni, Chunchong, Noutsos, Aristeidis, Nowak, Michael A., Okino, Hiroki, Olivares, Hector, Ortiz-Leon, Gisela N., Oyama, Tomoaki, Palumbo, Daniel C., Park, Jongho, Patel, Nimesh A., Pen, Ue-Li, Pesce, Dominic W., Pietu, Vincent, Plambeck, Richard L., PopStefanija, Aleksandar, Porth, Oliver, Potzl, Felix, Preciado-López, Jorge A., Pu, Hung-Yi, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, Rao, Ramprasad, Rawlings, Mark, Raymond, Alexander W., Rezzolla, Luciano, Ripperda, Bart, Roelofs, Freek, Rogers, Alan E. E., Ros, Eduardo, Rose, Mel, Roshanineshat, Arash, Rottmann, Helge, Roy, Alan L., Ruszczyk, Chet, Rygl, Kazi, Sanchez, Salvador, Sanchez-Arguelles, David, Sasada, Mahito, Savolainen, Tuomas, Schloerb, F Peter, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, Shao, Lijing, Shen, Zhi-Qiang, Small, Des, Sohn, Bong Won, SooHoo, Jason, Sun, He, Tazaki, Fumie, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., Tiede, Paul, Tilanus, Remo, Titus, Michael, Toma, Kenji, Torne, Pablo, Traianou, E., Trent, Tyler, Trippe, Sascha, van Bemmel, Ilse, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, van Rossum, Daniel R., Wagner, Jan, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Wardle, John F., Weintroub, Jonathan, Wex, Norbert, Wharton, Robert, Wiik, Kaj, Wu, Qingwen, Yoon, DooSoo, Young, Andre, Young, Ken H., Younsi, Ziri, Yuan, Feng, Yuan, Ye-Fei, Zensus, J. Anton, Zhao, Guang-Yao, and Zhao, Shan-Shan

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The black-hole images obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are expected to be variable at the dynamical timescale near their horizons. For the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, this timescale (5-61 days) is comparable to the 6-day extent of the 2017 EHT observations. Closure phases along baseline triangles are robust interferometric observables that are sensitive to the expected structural changes of the images but are free of station-based atmospheric and instrumental errors. We explored the day-to-day variability in closure phase measurements on all six linearly independent non-trivial baseline triangles that can be formed from the 2017 observations. We showed that three triangles exhibit very low day-to-day variability, with a dispersion of $\sim3-5^\circ$. The only triangles that exhibit substantially higher variability ($\sim90-180^\circ$) are the ones with baselines that cross visibility amplitude minima on the $u-v$ plane, as expected from theoretical modeling. We used two sets of General Relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to explore the dependence of the predicted variability on various black-hole and accretion-flow parameters. We found that changing the magnetic field configuration, electron temperature model, or black-hole spin has a marginal effect on the model consistency with the observed level of variability. On the other hand, the most discriminating image characteristic of models is the fractional width of the bright ring of emission. Models that best reproduce the observed small level of variability are characterized by thin ring-like images with structures dominated by gravitational lensing effects and thus least affected by turbulence in the accreting plasmas., Comment: Accepted for Publication in ApJ

Published
2021
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212. LANDMARK comparison of early outcomes of newer-generation Myval transcatheter heart valve series with contemporary valves (Sapien and Evolut) in real-world individuals with severe symptomatic native aortic stenosis: a randomised non-inferiority trial

Author

Siqueira, Dimytri, Pinto, Ibraim, Cervone, Alberto, Assef, Jorge, Vilela, Andrea, Paladino, Antonio, Ramos, Auristela, Rezende, Mariana, Ghorayeb, Samira, Braga Silva, Tacianne Rolemberg, Gjorgjievska, Savica, Hadzibegovic, Irzal, Jurin, Ivana, Sipic, Tomislav, Pavlovic, Nikola, Rudez, Igor, Manola, Sime, GALLET DE SAINT-AURIN, Romain, BOUKANTAR, Madjid, NICOLAS, Eroan, ENNEZAT, Pierre Valdimir, URIEN, Jean Marie, Vincent, Flavien, Delhaye, Cedric, Denimal, Tom, Cosenza, Alessandro, Pamart, Thibault, Porouchani, Sina, Pontana, Francois, Montaigne, David, Balmette, Vincent, Bechiri, Mohamed, Chen, Elisabeth, Janah, Dany, Renker, Matthias, Westermann, Dirk, Valina, Christian, Ferenc, Miroslaw, Löffelhardt, Nikolaus, Rahimi, Faridun, Breitbart, Philipp, Franke, Kilian, Czerny, Martin, Diab, Nawras, Sick, Peter, Adeishvili, Medea, Mangner, Norman, Haussig, Stephan, Sveric, Krunuslav, Crusius, Lisa, Roehlig, Marie, Koliastasis, Leonidas, Drakopoulou, Maria, Katsaros, Odysseas, Ktenopoulos, Nikolaos, Ioanniadis, Andreas, Evangelou, Sotirios, Ninios, Ilias, Molnar, Levente, Papp, Roland, Arnold-Béla, Ferencz, Demeterné Kiss, Orsolya, Nagy, Andrea, Czimbalmos, Csilla, Pellegrinni, Dario, Montonati, Carolina, Pellicano, Mariano, Guagliumi, Giulio, Tespili, Maurizio, Barbara, Bellini, Filippo, Russo, Marco, Ancona, Ciro, Vella, Luca, Ferri, Eustachio, Agricola, Giacomo, Ingallina, Cannone, Gaspare, Brambilla, Nedy, Testa, Luca, Avondo, Stefano, Valvo, Roberto, Clarke, Robin, Fish, Mandy, Kosowski, Michal, Krawczyk, Magdalena, Kubler, Piotr, Kotwica, Tomasz, Teles, Rui, Gonçalves, Pedro, Raposo, Luis, Brito, Joã, Leal, Silvio, Freitas, Pedro, Ribeiras, Regina, Poliacikova, Petra, Mihailovic, Peter Marko, Terseglav, Simon, Steblovnik, Klemen, Cercek, Miha, Vitez, Luka, Sustersic, Miha, Kovac, Ana, Kogoj, Polonca, Dimitrovska, Ljupka, Arana, J.Raul Delgado, Martinez, Sandra Santos, Dieguez, Alfredo Redondo, Barrero, Alejandro, Gonzalez-Bartol, Esther, Aristizabal, Cristhian, Frutos, Ana Serrador, Luna, Juan Pablo Sanchez, Gomez, Mario Garcia, Gabella, Tania Rodriguez, Nelson, Verónica Quevedo, Medina, Jose Novoa, Ojeda, Soledad, de Lezo, Javier Suarez, Romero, Miguel, Gonzalez-Manzanares, Rafael, Alvarado, Marco, Mesa, Dolores, Perea, Jorge, Petursson, Petur, Alchay, Monér, Andréen, Sofie, Gameren, Menno Van, Heijer, Peter den, Meuwissen, Martijn, CHENG, JIN M., Vos, Jeroen, Schölzel, B.E., Simsek, C, Hubbers, S, Van den Branden, Ben J.L., Stens, NA, Versteeg, GAA, Rooijakkers, MJP, Gehlmann, HR, Verkroost, MWA, Geuzebroek, GSC, Van Wely, MH, Van Geuns, RJ, van Nunen, LX, van Garsse, LAFM, Timmers, L, ten Berg, Jurrien, Kraaijeveld, A.O., Dickinson, M.G., Dessing, T.C., Mokhles, M.M., Baumbach, Andreas, van Royen, Niels, Amat-Santos, Ignacio J, Hudec, Martin, Bunc, Matjaz, Ijsselmuiden, Alexander, Laanmets, Peep, Unic, Daniel, Merkely, Bela, Hermanides, Renicus S, Ninios, Vlasis, Protasiewicz, Marcin, Rensing, Benno J W M, Martin, Pedro L, Feres, Fausto, De Sousa Almeida, Manuel, van Belle, Eric, Linke, Axel, Ielasi, Alfonso, Montorfano, Matteo, Webster, Mark, Toutouzas, Konstantinos, Teiger, Emmanuel, Bedogni, Francesco, Voskuil, Michiel, Pan, Manuel, Angerås, Oskar, Kim, Won-Keun, Rothe, Jürgen, Kristić, Ivica, Peral, Vicente, Garg, Scot, Elzomor, Hesham, Tobe, Akihiro, Morice, Marie-Claude, Onuma, Yoshinobu, Soliman, Osama, and Serruys, Patrick W

Published
2024
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220. Surveillance of Vermont wildlife in 2021–2022 reveals no detected SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA

Author

Despres, Hannah W., Mills, Margaret G., Schmidt, Madaline M., Gov, Jolene, Perez, Yael, Jindrich, Mars, Crawford, Allison M. L., Kohl, Warren T., Rosenblatt, Elias, Kubinski, Hannah C., Simmons, Benjamin C., Nippes, Miles C., Goldenberg, Anne J., Murtha, Kristina E., Nicoloro, Samantha, Harris, Mia J., Feeley, Avery C., Gelinas, Taylor K., Cronin, Maeve K., Frederick, Robert S., Thomas, Matthew, Johnson, Meaghan E., Murphy, James, Lenzini, Elle B., Carr, Jr., Peter A., Berger, Danielle H., Mehta, Soham P., Floreani, Christopher J., Koval, Amelia C., Young, Aleah L., Fish, Jess H., Wallace, Jack, Chaney, Ella, Ushay, Grace, Ross, Rebecca S., Vostal, Erin M., Thisner, Maya C., Gonet, Kyliegh E., Deane, Owen C., Pelletiere, Kari R., Rockafeller, Vegas C., Waterman, Madeline, Barry, Tyler W., Goering, Catriona C., Shipman, Sarah D., Shiers, Allie C., Reilly, Claire E., Duff, Alanna M., Madruga, Sarah L., Shirley, David J., Jerome, Keith R., Pérez-Osorio, Ailyn C., Greninger, Alexander L., Fortin, Nick, Mosher, Brittany A., and Bruce, Emily A.

Published
2023
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221. Time and event-specific deep learning for personalized risk assessment after cardiac perfusion imaging

Author

Pieszko, Konrad, Shanbhag, Aakash D., Singh, Ananya, Hauser, M. Timothy, Miller, Robert J. H., Liang, Joanna X., Motwani, Manish, Kwieciński, Jacek, Sharir, Tali, Einstein, Andrew J., Fish, Mathews B., Ruddy, Terrence D., Kaufmann, Philipp A., Sinusas, Albert J., Miller, Edward J., Bateman, Timothy M., Dorbala, Sharmila, Di Carli, Marcelo, Berman, Daniel S., Dey, Damini, and Slomka, Piotr J.

Published
2023
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225. Conceptualizing Indigenous strengths-based health and wellness research using group concept mapping

Author

O’Keefe, Victoria M., Maudrie, Tara L., Cole, Ashley B., Ullrich, Jessica S., Fish, Jillian, Hill, Kyle X., White, Lauren A., Redvers, Nicole, Jernigan, Valarie Blue Bird, Lewis, Jordan P., West, Amy E., Apok, Charlene Aqpik, White, Evan J., Ivanich, Jerreed D., Schultz, Katie, Lewis, Melissa E., Sarche, Michelle C., Gonzalez, Miigis B., Parker, Myra, Neuner Weinstein, Sophie E., McCray, Celena J., Warne, Donald, Black, Jessica C., Richards, Jennifer R., and Walls, Melissa L.

Published
2023
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227. An integrative genetic, epigenetic, neurocognitive and behavioural investigation into the role of infant sensory development in the emergence of autism spectrum disorder

Author

Fish, Laurel, Wong, Chloe Chung Yi, and Happe, Francesca Gabrielle Elizabeth

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by social communication impairments and repetitive/restricted behaviours including sensory anomalies. The aetiology of ASD consists of a diverse and heterogeneous array of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that are hypothesised to funnel onto a common set of mechanism implicated in early neurodevelopment. ASD is considered a disorder of the 'social brain', yet some of the earliest postnatal markers of ASD are within the sensory domain. Investigating these early sensory markers, particularly those considered as candidate early intermediate phenotypes, could provide a bridge between low-level aetiology and emerging behavioural phenotype. The pupillary light reflex (PLR; the reflexual constriction of the pupil in response to a bright change in optical luminance) is a promising sensory candidate early intermediate phenotype for ASD. Preliminary cross-sectional evidence from BabyLab-based investigations indicate altered PLR during infancy to associate with emerging ASD, though to date no investigation have examined how the development of the PLR over infancy associates with later ASD, polygenic liability for ASD, other sensory early markers or differential DNA methylation. The overarching aims of this thesis were two-fold. The first overarching aim was to conduct an exploratory multimodal analysis of the development of the PLR during early ASD, with the purpose of shedding light on possible early mechanistic pathways to the emergence of ASD. This aim was tackled with the following objectives: 1. investigate polygenic and domain trait behaviours association between infant PLR developmental trajectories and emerging 3-year ASD (Chapter 3); 2. explore DNA methylation profile associated with cross-sectional and developmental measures of the PLR (Chapter 4); 3. use cross-lagged structural equation modelling to investigate whether low-level sensory sensitivity (PLR) and behavioural sensory reactivity interrelate over infancy, and how this relationship impacts later ASD domain trait behaviours (Chapter 5). Chapters 3-5 incorporates data derived from the British Autism Study of Infant Siblings (BASIS) cohort from 300 infants with/without an older sibling with ASD. Participants were longitudinally assessed at 9, 14 and 24 months using a multidisciplinary range of measurement tools including eye-tracking, parent-report questionnaires and bio-sampling to collect data on pupil response to light, cognitive development, sensory reactivity development and genetic/epigenetic profiles. A team of experienced clinical researchers ascertained a DSM-5 diagnosis for ASD when the participants reached 3 years old. Crucially, although BabyLab-based investigations (such as those described in Chapter 3-5) are essential for exploring early markers and early intermediate phenotypes for ASD they hold many limitations (some of which may confound the PLR response). Complementary research designs, such as remote in-home monitoring of early development, may remedy these limitations and add to our growing understanding of the early development ASD. The second overarching aim of this thesis was to guide future more ecologically valid, scalable, and generalisable infant research, including those into early intermediate phenotypes. This aim was accomplished by surveying the opinions of 410 caregivers on acceptability, privacy and data access of future complementary research designs and technologies to remotely monitor infant development in the home (Chapter 6). Overall, this thesis uniquely contributes to the literature by providing a multimodal exploration of a candidate early ASD intermediate phenotype and an understanding of caregiver's opinions on complementary investigations aiming to monitor infant development, including early markers and intermediate phenotypes of ASD. Findings from this thesis shed light on the role of PLR in a possible early mechanistic pathway to emerging ASD, and provide future directions for the study of infant development using naturalistic and feasible experimental designs.

Published
2022

228. Quantitative twisted patterns in positive density subsets

Author

Kamil Bulinski and Alexander Fish

Subjects
Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Quantitative twisted patterns in positive density subsets, Discrete Analysis 2024:1, 17 pp. A major theme of arithmetic combinatorics is the structures that can be found inside difference sets of dense sets of integers, or dense subsets of more general groups. Many results in this direction concern subsets of finite groups, but there are also interesting results about infinite groups such as $\mathbb Z^d$, with an appropriately chosen notion of density. One such result, which is in a similar spirit to the results of this paper, concerns the question of what distances can be found in difference sets of dense sets. To be more precise, let $A$ be a subset of $\mathbb Z^d$ with positive upper Banach density $d^*(A)$ (defined to be the lim sup of $N^{-d}|A\cap[0,N)^d$). Then what can we say about the set $D(A)$ of all positive integers of the form $\|x-y\|_2^2$ with $x,y\in A$? If $d=1$, then $D(A)$ is the set of squares of elements of $A-A$, so the question is not asking anything more interesting than "What can we say about $A-A$?" In general, the elements of $D(A)$ are sums of $d$ squares, so for $d\leq 3$ we have a restriction on the integers that can appear in $D(A)$, whereas by Lagrange's theorem we have no such restriction for $d\geq 4$. Another obvious remark is that if all the coordinates of all the points in $A$ are divisible by $m$, then so are all the elements of $D(A)$. When $d\geq 5$, a theorem of Magyar shows that this is almost the only restriction. It says that for every $d\geq 5$ and every $\epsilon>0$ there exists a positive integer $k$ such that for every set $A\subset\mathbb Z^d$ of upper Banach density at least $\epsilon$ the set $D(A)$ contains all sufficiently large multiples of $k$. Note that the "sufficiently large" depends on $A$ but $k$ depends only on the density of $A$. In the light of this result, it is tempting to ask similar results about the images of distance sets under other functions, and in particular other polynomials. That is the theme of this paper. In fact, it was also the theme of some earlier papers, where results of the above type were proved, but with one important difference: the $k$ that was obtained in those results depended on the set $A$. This paper aims to remedy that defect by obtaining uniform versions of the results, so that they match better the result of Magyar. A wide class of polynomials was defined in a paper of Björklund and the second author, and a non-uniform Magyar-type result was proved for all the polynomials in that class. In this paper that result is upgraded to a uniform one. Two examples that the authors focus on are the polynomials $x^2+y^2-z^2$ and $xy-z^2$. If $F$ is one or other of these two polynomials, then for every $\epsilon>0$ there exists $k$ such that for every set $A\subset\mathbb Z^3$ of upper Banach density at least $\epsilon$ we have that $k\mathbb Z\subset F(A-A)$. The polynomial $xy-z^2$ is the determinant of the matrix $\begin{pmatrix}z&-x\\ y&-z\\ \end{pmatrix}$, and the set of all such matrices forms an additive subgroup of the group of all $2\times 2$ integer matrices of trace 0. The group $SL_2(\mathbb Z)$ acts on this group by conjugation, which preserves the determinant, and the set of matrices just defined is an orbit of the action. The wider class of polynomials comes from generalizing this observation. In this paper, the authors show that under certain additional conditions, one can prove a uniform version of this result. In particular, they obtain uniform statements for the polynomials $x^2+y^2-z^2$ and $xy-z^2$. One of the main tools in the proof is a generalization of the Furstenberg-Sárközy theorem that applies to certain polynomials that do not necessarily have a zero constant term. An appealing corollary of the results in this paper is that if $R$ is an integer polynomial of degree at least 2 with zero constant term and we set $P(x,y)$ to be $x+R(y)$, then for every $\epsilon>0$ there exists $k$, depending only on $\epsilon$ and $R$, such that if $A\subset\mathbb Z^2$ is any set of upper Banach density at least $\epsilon$, then $k\mathbb Z\subset P(A-A)$.

Published
2024
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229. Capturing the emotional and social experiences of COVID-19 through journal entries: A qualitative study of COVID-19 experiences over six weeks following infection

Author

Natalie Kenton, Benjamin Gronowski, Daniel Fish, Keri Vartanian, and Ari Robicsek

Subjects
Coronavirus, Emotions, Illness and disease experiences, Lived experiences, Quality of life, Social support, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

COVID-19's wide-ranging effects on patients' physical health are well-documented, but comparatively less research has explored the impact on patients' emotional and social experiences. We examined how patients across a multi-state health system experience the emotional and social aspects of COVID-19 during the first six weeks of recovery from infection. We leveraged the larger My COVID Diary project to capture open-ended journal data from an app-based platform available to patients who test positive for COVID-19 within the health system. Our sample was limited to participants with multiple journal entries during the first six weeks after infection, with one entry in the top 5% of all participants for word count to ensure sufficient journal content was available for analysis. We randomly selected 100 eligible participants and coded and analyzed all of their journal entries in weeks 1–6 after infection, utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Despite journal entry prompts' orientation towards physical symptoms, the majority of participants discussed emotional experiences (such as anxiety, depression, and gratitude) and social factors (such as work and family) when describing their COVID-19-related experiences. Physical, emotional, and social experiences related to COVID-19 infection and recovery were often interconnected and overlapping. These findings demonstrate that a holistic understanding of the patient experience that extends beyond physical symptoms is necessary to fully support patient care and recovery.

Published
2024
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230. Long-range inhibitory neurons mediate cortical neurovascular coupling

Author

Catherine F. Ruff, Fernanda Juarez Anaya, Samuel J. Dienel, Adiya Rakymzhan, Alain Altamirano-Espinoza, Jay Couey, Mitsuhiro Fukuda, Alan M. Watson, Aihua Su, Kenneth N. Fish, Maria E. Rubio, Bryan M. Hooks, Sarah E. Ross, and Alberto L. Vazquez

Subjects
CP: Neuroscience, CP: Cell biology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: To meet the high energy demands of brain function, cerebral blood flow (CBF) parallels changes in neuronal activity by a mechanism known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). However, which neurons play a role in mediating NVC is not well understood. Here, we identify in mice and humans a specific population of cortical GABAergic neurons that co-express neuronal nitric oxide synthase and tachykinin receptor 1 (Tacr1). Through whole-tissue clearing, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons extend local and long-range projections across functionally connected cortical areas. We show that whisker stimulation elicited Tacr1 neuron activity in the barrel cortex through feedforward excitatory pathways. Additionally, through optogenetic experiments, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons are instrumental in mediating CBF through the relaxation of mural cells in a similar fashion to whisker stimulation. Finally, by electron microscopy, we observe that Tacr1 processes contact astrocytic endfeet. These findings suggest that Tacr1 neurons integrate cortical activity to mediate NVC.

Published
2024
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231. IDEAL: Maintaining PHC-focused training in a MBChB programme through a COVID-induced innovation

Author

Ian Couper, Julia Blitz, and Therese Fish

Subjects
medical education, learning, undergraduate, phc, innovation, curriculum, co-creation, covid-19., Medicine, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Responding to the need for authentic clinical training for students in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences developed an innovative 12-week longitudinal, integrated rotation for pre-final-year medical students, the Integrated Distributed Engagement to Advance Learning (IDEAL) rotation. This saw 252 students being placed across 30 primary and secondary healthcare facilities in the Western and Northern Cape provinces. With a focus on service learning, the rotation was built on experiences and research of members of the planning team, as well as partnership relationships developed over an extended period. The focus of student learning was on clinical reasoning through being exposed to undifferentiated patient encounters and the development of practical clinical skills. Students on the distributed platform were supported by clinicians on site, alongside whom they worked, and by a set of online supports, in the form of resources placed on the learning management systems, learning facilitators to whom patient studies were submitted and wellness supporters. Important innovations of the rotation included extensive distribution of clinical training, responsiveness to health service need, co-creation of the module with students, the roles of learning facilitators and wellness supporters, the use of mobile apps and the integration of previously siloed learning outcomes. The IDEAL rotation was seen to be so beneficial as a learning experience that it has been incorporated into the medical degree on an ongoing basis. Contribution: Longitudinal exposure of students to undifferentiated patients in a primary health care context allows for integrated, self-regulated learning. This provides excellent opportunities for medical students, with support, to develop both clinical reasoning and practical skills.

Published
2024
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232. Exercise‐Dependent Modulation of Immunological Response Pathways in Endurance Athletes With and Without Atrial Fibrillation

Author

David Dorian, Dakota Gustafson, Ryan Quinn, Robert F. Bentley, Paul Dorian, Jack M. Goodman, Jason E. Fish, and Kim A. Connelly

Subjects
endurance athletes, exercise, lone atrial fibrillation, proteomics, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia characterized by uncoordinated atrial electrical activity. Lone AF occurs in the absence of traditional risk factors and is frequently observed in male endurance athletes, who face a 2‐ to 5‐fold higher risk of AF compared with healthy, moderately active males. Our understanding of how endurance exercise contributes to the pathophysiology of lone AF remains limited. This study aimed to characterize the circulating protein fluctuations during high‐intensity exercise as well as explore potential biomarkers of exercise‐associated AF. Methods and Results A prospective cohort of 12 male endurance cyclists between the ages of 40 and 65 years, 6 of whom had a history of exercise‐associated AF, were recruited to participate using a convenience sampling method. The circulating proteome was subsequently analyzed using multiplex immunoassays and aptamer‐based proteomics before, during, and after an acute high‐intensity endurance exercise bout to assess temporality and identify potential markers of AF. The endurance exercise bout resulted in significant alterations to proteins involved in immune modulation (eg, growth/differentiation factor 15), skeletal muscle metabolism (eg, α‐actinin‐2), cell death (eg, histones), and inflammation (eg, interleukin‐6). Subjects with AF differed from those without, displaying modulation of proteins previously known to have associations with incident AF (eg, C‐reactive protein, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, and angiopoietin‐2), and also with proteins having no previous association (eg, tapasin‐related protein and α2‐Heremans‐Schmid glycoprotein). Conclusions These findings provide insights into the proteomic response to acute intense exercise, provide mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology behind AF in athletes, and identify targets for future study and validation.

Published
2024
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237. The Essential Synchronization Backbone Problem

Author

Diggans, C. Tyler, Fish, Jeremie, AlMomani, Abd AlRahman R., and Bollt, Erik M.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

Network optimization strategies for the process of synchronization have generally focused on the re-wiring or re-weighting of links in order to: (1) expand the range of coupling strengths that achieve synchronization, (2) expand the basin of attraction for the synchronization manifold, or (3) lower the average time to synchronization. A new optimization goal is proposed in seeking the minimum subset of the edge set of the original network that enables the same essential ability to synchronize in that the synchronization manifolds have conjugate stability. We call this type of minimal spanning subgraph an Essential Synchronization Backbone (ESB) of the original system, and we present two algorithms: one is a strategy for an exhaustive search for a true solution, while the other is a method of approximation for this combinatorial problem. The solution spaces that result from different choices of dynamical systems and coupling schemes vary with the level of hierarchical structure present and also the number of interwoven central cycles. Applications can include the important problem in civil engineering of power grid hardening, where new link creation may be costly, and the defense of certain key links to the functional process may be prioritized., Comment: Updated to include additional references toward discussion of non-normality

Published
2021
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238. Reconstructing a minimal topological dynamical system from a set of return times

Author

Bulinski, Kamil and Fish, Alexander

Subjects
Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 37B20
Abstract

We investigate to what extent a minimal topological dynamical system is uniquely determined by a set of return times to some open set. We show that in many situations this is indeed the case as long as the closure of this open set has no non-trivial translational symmetries. For instance, we show that under this assumption two Kronecker systems with the same set of return times must be isomorphic. More generally, we show that if a minimal dynamical system has a set of return times that coincides with a set of return times to some open set in a Kronecker system with translationarily asymmetric closure, then that Kronecker system must be a factor. We also study similar problems involving Nilsystems and polynomial return times. We state a number of questions on whether these results extend to other homogeneous spaces and transitive group actions, some of which are already interesting for finite groups., Comment: 14 pages, 0 figures. Typos fixed. To appear in Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems

Published
2021

239. Physion: Evaluating Physical Prediction from Vision in Humans and Machines

Author

Bear, Daniel M., Wang, Elias, Mrowca, Damian, Binder, Felix J., Tung, Hsiao-Yu Fish, Pramod, R. T., Holdaway, Cameron, Tao, Sirui, Smith, Kevin, Sun, Fan-Yun, Fei-Fei, Li, Kanwisher, Nancy, Tenenbaum, Joshua B., Yamins, Daniel L. K., and Fan, Judith E.

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, I.2.10, I.4.8, I.5
Abstract

While current vision algorithms excel at many challenging tasks, it is unclear how well they understand the physical dynamics of real-world environments. Here we introduce Physion, a dataset and benchmark for rigorously evaluating the ability to predict how physical scenarios will evolve over time. Our dataset features realistic simulations of a wide range of physical phenomena, including rigid and soft-body collisions, stable multi-object configurations, rolling, sliding, and projectile motion, thus providing a more comprehensive challenge than previous benchmarks. We used Physion to benchmark a suite of models varying in their architecture, learning objective, input-output structure, and training data. In parallel, we obtained precise measurements of human prediction behavior on the same set of scenarios, allowing us to directly evaluate how well any model could approximate human behavior. We found that vision algorithms that learn object-centric representations generally outperform those that do not, yet still fall far short of human performance. On the other hand, graph neural networks with direct access to physical state information both perform substantially better and make predictions that are more similar to those made by humans. These results suggest that extracting physical representations of scenes is the main bottleneck to achieving human-level and human-like physical understanding in vision algorithms. We have publicly released all data and code to facilitate the use of Physion to benchmark additional models in a fully reproducible manner, enabling systematic evaluation of progress towards vision algorithms that understand physical environments as robustly as people do., Comment: 28 pages

Published
2021

240. Prediction for 2-Year Vision Outcomes Using Early Morphologic and Functional Responses in the Comparison of Age-related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials

Author

Williams, David F., Beardsley, Sara, Bennett, Steven, Cantrill, Herbert, Chan-Tram, Carmen, Cheshier, Holly, Damato, Kathyrn, Davies, John, Dev, Sundeep, Enloe, Julianne, Follano, Gennaro, Gilbert, Peggy, Johnson, Jill, Jones, Tori, Mayleben, Lisa, Mittra, Robert, Moos, Martha, Neist, Ryan, Oestreich, Neal, Quiram, Polly, Ramsay, Robert, Ryan, Edwin, Schindeldecker, Stephanie, Snater, John, Steele, Trenise, Selders, Dwight, Tonsfeldt, Jessica, Valardi, Shelly, Fish, Gary Edd, Aguado, Hank A., Arceneaux, Sally, Arnwine, Jean, Bell, Kim, Bell, Tina, Boleman, Bob, Bradley, Patricia, Callanan, David, Coors, Lori, Creighton, Jodi, Crew, Timothy, Cummings, Kimberly, Dock, Christopher, Duignan, Karen, Fuller, Dwain, Gray, Keith, Hendrix, Betsy, Hesse, Nicholas, Jaramillo, Diana, Jost, Bradley, Lash, Sandy, Lonsdale, Laura, Mackens, Michael, Mutz, Karin, Potts, Michael, Sanchez, Brenda, Snyder, William, Solley, Wayne, Tarter, Carrie, Wang, Robert, Williams, Patrick, Perkins, Stephen L., Anderson, Nicholas, Arnold, Ann, Blais, Paul, Googe, Joseph, Higdon, Tina T., Hunt, Cecile, Johnson, Mary, Miller, James, Moore, Misty, Morris, Charity K., Morris, Christopher, Oelrich, Sarah, Oliver, Kristina, Seitz, Vicky, Whetstone, Jerry, Doft, Bernard H., Bedel, Jay, Bergren, Robert, Borthwick, Ann, Conrad, Paul, Fec, Amanda, Fulwylie, Christina, Ingram, Willia, Latham, Shawnique, Lester, Gina, Liu, Judy, Lobes, Louis, Lucko, Nicole M., Mechling, Holly, Merlotti, Lori, McBroom, Keith, Olsen, Karl, Puskas, Danielle, Rath, Pamela, Schmucker, Maria, Schueckler, Lynn, Schultz, Christina, Shultz, Heather, Steinberg, David, Vyas, Avni, Whale, Kim, Yeckel, Kimberly, Orth, David H., Arredondo, Linda S., Brown, Susan, Ciscato, Barbara J., Civantos, Joseph M., Figliulo, Celeste, Hasan, Sohail, Kosinski, Belinda, Muir, Dan, Nelson, Kiersten, Packo, Kirk, Pollack, John S., Rezaei, Kourous, Shelton, Gina, Townsend-Patrick, Shannya, Walsh, Marian, McDonald, H. Richard, Ansari, Nina, Bye, Amanda, Fu, Arthur D., Grout, Sean, Indermill, Chad, Johnson, Robert N., Jumper, J. Michael, Linares, Silvia, Lujan, Brandon J., Munden, Ames, Persons, Meredith, Rodriguez, Rosa, Rose, Jennifer M., Teske, Brandi, Urias, Yesmin, Young, Stephen, Dreyer, Richard F., Daniel, Howard, Connaughton, Michele, Handelman, Irvin, Hobbs, Stephen, Hoerner, Christine, Hudson, Dawn, Kopfer, Marcia, Lee, Michael, Lemley, Craig, Logan, Joe, Ma, Colin, Mallet, Christophe, Milliron, Amanda, Peters, Mark, Wohlsein, Harry, Pearlman, Joel A., Andrews, Margo, Bartlett, Melissa, Carlson, Nanette, Cox, Emily, Equi, Robert, Gonzalez, Marta, Griffin, Sophia, Hogue, Fran, Kennedy, Lance, Kryuchkov, Lana, Lopez, Carmen, Lopez, Danny, Luevano, Bertha, McKenna, Erin, Patel, Arun, Reed, Brian, Secor, Nyla, Sison, Iris R., Tsai, Tony, Varghis, Nina, Waller, Brooke, Wendel, Robert, Yebra, Reina, Roth, Daniel B., Deinzer, Jane, Fine, Howard, Green, Flory, Green, Stuart, Keyser, Bruce, Leff, Steven, Leviton, Amy, Martir, Amy, Mosenthine, Kristin, Muscle, Starr, Okoren, Linda, Parker, Sandy, Prenner, Jonathan, Price, Nancy, Rogers, Deana, Rosas, Linda, Schlosser, Alex, Studenko, Loretta, Tantum, Thea, Wheatley, Harold, Trese, Michael T., Aaberg, Thomas, Bezaire, Denis, Bridges, Craig, Bryant, Doug, Capone, Antonio, Coleman, Michelle, Consolo, Christina, Cook, Cindy, DuLong, Candice, Garretson, Bruce, Grooten, Tracy, Hammersley, Julie, Hassan, Tarek, Jessick, Heather, Jones, Nanette, Kinsman, Crystal, Krumlauf, Jennifer, Lewis, Sandy, Locke, Heather, Margherio, Alan, Markus, Debra, Marsh, Tanya, Neal, Serena, Noffke, Amy, Oh, Kean, Pence, Clarence, Preston, Lisa, Raphaelian, Paul, Regan, Virginia R., Roberts, Peter, Ruby, Alan, Sarrafizadeh, Ramin, Scherf, Marissa, Scott, Sarita, Sneed, Scott, Staples, Lisa, Terry, Brad, Trese, Matthew T., Videtich, Joan, Williams, George, Zajechowski, Mary, Joseph, Daniel P., Blinder, Kevin, Boyd, Lynda, Buckley, Sarah, Crow, Meaghan, Dinatale, Amanda, Engelbrecht, Nicholas, Forke, Bridget, Gabel, Dana, Grand, Gilbert, Grillion-Cerone, Jennifer, Holekamp, Nancy, Kelly, Charlotte, Nobel, Ginny, Pepple, Kelly, Raeber, Matt, Rao, P. Kumar, Ressel, Tammy, Schremp, Steven, Sgorlon, Merrilee, Shears, Shantia, Thomas, Matthew, Timma, Cathy, Vaughn, Annette, Walters, Carolyn, Weeks, Rhonda, Wehmeier, Jarrod, Wright, Tim, Berinstein, Daniel M., Ayyad, Aida, Barazi, Mohammed K., Bickhart, Erica, Brady, Tracey, Byank, Lisa, Cronise, Alysia, Denny, Vanessa, Dunn, Courtney, Flory, Michael, Frantz, Robert, Garfinkel, Richard A., Gilbert, William, Lai, Michael M., Melamud, Alexander, Newgen, Janine, Newton, Shamekia, Oliver, Debbie, Osman, Michael, Sanders, Reginald, von Fricken, Manfred, Dugel, Pravin, Arenas, Sandra, Balea, Gabe, Bartoli, Dayna, Bucci, John, Cornelius, Jennifer A., Dickens, Scheleen, Doherty, Don, Dunlap, Heather, Goldenberg, David, Jamal, Karim, Jimenez, Norma, Kavanagh, Nicole, Kunimoto, Derek, Martin, John, Miner, Jessica, Mobley, Sarah, Park, Donald, Quinlan, Edward, Sipperley, Jack, Slagle, Carol, Smith, Danielle, Yafchak, Miguelina, Yager, Rohana, Flaxel, Christina J., Bailey, Steven, Francis, Peter, Howell, Chris, Hwang, Thomas, Ira, Shirley, Klein, Michael, Lauer, Andreas, Liesegang, Teresa, Lundquist, Ann, Nolte, Sarah, Nolte, Susan K., Pickell, Scott, Pope, Susan, Rossi, Joseph, Schain, Mitchell, Steinkamp, Peter, Toomey, Maureen D., Vahrenwald, Debora, West, Kelly, Hubbard, Baker, Andelman, Stacey, Bergstrom, Chris, Brower, Judy, Cribbs, Blaine, Curtis, Linda, Dobbs, Jannah, DuBois, Lindreth, Gaultney, Jessica, Gibbs, Deborah, Jordan, Debora, Leef, Donna, Martin, Daniel F., Myles, Robert, Olsen, Timothy, Schwent, Bryan, Srivastava, Sunil, Waldron, Rhonda, Antoszyk, Andrew N., Balasubramaniam, Uma, Brooks, Danielle, Brown, Justin, Browning, David, Clark, Loraine, Ennis, Sarah, Held, Susannah, Helms, Jennifer V., Herby, Jenna, Karow, Angie, Leotaud, Pearl, Massimino, Caterina, McClain, Donna, McOwen, Michael, Mindel, Jennifer, Pereira, Candace, Pierce, Rachel, Powers, Michele, Price, Angela, Rohrer, Jason, Sanders, Jason, Avery, Robert L., Avery, Kelly, Basefsky, Jessica, Beckner, Liz, Castellarin, Alessandro, Couvillion, Stephen, Giust, Jack, Giust, Matthew, Nasir, Maan, Pieramici, Dante, Rabena, Melvin, Risard, Sarah, See, Robert, Smith, Jerry, Wan, Lisha, Bakri, Sophie J., Abu-Yaghi, Nakhleh, Barkmeier, Andrew, Berg, Karin, Burrington, Jean, Edwards, Albert, Goddard, Shannon, Howard, Shannon, Iezzi, Raymond, Lewison, Denise, Link, Thomas, McCannel, Colin A., Overend, Joan, Pach, John, Ruszczyk, Margaret, Shultz, Ryan, Stephan, Cindy, Vogen, Diane, Bradford, Reagan H., Jr., Bergman, Vanessa, Burris, Russ, Butt, Amanda, Daniels, Beth, Dwiggins, Connie, Fransen, Stephen, Guerrero, Tiffany, Haivala, Darin, Harris, Amy, Icks, Sonny, Kingsley, Ronald, Redden, Lena, Richmond, Rob, Ross, Brittany, White, Kammerin, Youngberg, Misty, Topping, Trexler M., Bennett, Steve, Chong, Sandy, Ciotti, Mary, Cleary, Tina, Corey, Emily, Donovan, Dennis, Frederick, Albert, Freese, Lesley, Graham, Margaret, Gud, Natalya, Howard, Taneika, Jones, Mike, Morley, Michael, Moses, Katie, Stone, Jen, Ty, Robin, Wiegand, Torsten, Williams, Lindsey, Winder, Beth, Awh, Carl C., Amonette, Michelle, Arrindell, Everton, Beck, Dena, Busbee, Brandon, Dilback, Amy, Downs, Sara, Guidry, Allison, Gutow, Gary, Hardin, Jackey, Hines, Sarah, Hutchins, Emily, LaCivita, Kim, Lester, Ashley, Malott, Larry, McCain, MaryAnn, Miracle, Jayme, Moffat, Kenneth, Palazzotta, Lacy, Robinson, Kelly, Sonkin, Peter, Travis, Alecia, Wallace, Roy Trent, Winters, Kelly J., Wray, Julia, Harris, April E., Bunnell, Mari, Crooks, Katrina, Fitzgerald, Rebecca, Javid, Cameron, Kew, Corin, Kill, Erica, Kline, Patricia, Kreienkamp, Janet, Martinez, Maricruz, Moore, Roy Ann, Saavedra, Egbert, Taylor, LuAnne, Walsh, Mark, Wilson, Larry, Ciulla, Thomas A., Coyle, Ellen, Harrington, Tonya, Harris, Charlotte, Hood, Cindi, Kerr, Ingrid, Maturi, Raj, Moore, Dawn, Morrow, Stephanie, Savage, Jennifer, Sink, Bethany, Steele, Tom, Thukral, Neelam, Wilburn, Janet, Walker, Joseph P., Banks, Jennifer, Ciampaglia, Debbie, Dyshanowitz, Danielle, Frederick, Jennifer, Ghuman, A. Tom, Grodin, Richard, Kiesel, Cheryl, Knips, Eileen, McCue, Jonathan, Ortiz, Maria, Peters, Crystal, Raskauskas, Paul, Schoeman, Etienne, Sharma, Ashish, Wing, Glenn, Youngblood, Rebecca, Chandra, Suresh R., Altaweel, Michael, Blodi, Barbara, Burke, Kathryn, Dietzman, Kristine A., Gottlieb, Justin, Knutson, Gene, Krolnik, Denise, Nork, T. Michael, Olson, Shelly, Peterson, John, Reed, Sandra, Soderling, Barbara, Somers, Guy, Stevens, Thomas, Wealti, Angela, Bearelly, Srilaxmi, Branchaud, Brenda, Bryant, Joyce W., Crowell, Sara, Fekrat, Sharon, Gammage, Merritt, Harrison, Cheala, Jones, Sarah, McClain, Noreen, McCuen, Brooks, Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Queen, Jeanne, Sarin, Neeru, Skalak, Cindy, Skelly, Marriner, Suner, Ivan, Tomany, Ronnie, Welch, Lauren, Park, Susanna S., Cassidy, Allison, Chandra, Karishma, Good, Idalew, Imson, Katrina, Sashi, Kaur, Metzler, Helen, Morse, Lawrence, Redenbo, Ellen, Salvador, Marisa, Telander, David, Thomas, Mark, Wallace, Cindy, Barr, Charles C., Battcher, Amanda, Bottorff, Michelle, Chasteen, Mary, Clark, Kelly, Denning, Diane, Schoen, Debra, Schultz, Amy, Tempel, Evie, Wheeler, Lisa, Whittington, Greg K., Stone, Thomas W., Blevins, Todd, Buck, Michelle, Cruz, Lynn, Heath, Wanda, Holcomb, Diana, Isernhagen, Rick, Kidd, Terri, Kitchens, John, Sears, Cathy, Slade, Ed, Van Arsdall, Jeanne, VanHoose, Brenda, Wolfe, Jenny, Wood, William, Zilis, John, Crooks, Carol, Disney, Larry, Liu, Mimi, Petty, Stephen, Sall, Sandra, Folk, James C., Aly, Tracy, Brotherton, Abby, Critser, Douglas, Hinz, Connie J., Karakas, Stefani, Kirschner, Valerie, Lester, Cheyanne, Montague, Cindy, Russell, Stephen, Stockman, Heather, Taylor, Barbara, Verdick, Randy, Walshire, Jean, Thompson, John T., Connell, Barbara, Constantine, Maryanth, Davis, John L., Jr., Gwen Holsapple, Hunter, Lisa, Lenane, C. Nicki, Mitchell, Robin, Russel, Leslie, Sjaarda, Raymond, Brown, David M., Benz, Matthew, Burns, Llewellyn, Carranza, JoLene G., Fish, Richard, Goates, Debra, Hay, Shayla, Jeffers, Theresa, Kegley, Eric, Kubecka, Dallas, McGilvra, Stacy, Richter, Beau, Sneed, Veronica, Stoever, Cary, Tellez, Isabell, Wong, Tien, Kim, Ivana, Andreoli, Christopher, Barresi, Leslie, Brett, Sarah, Callahan, Charlene, Capaccioli, Karen, Carli, William, Coppola, Matthew, Emmanuel, Nicholas, Evans, Claudia, Fagan, Anna, Grillo, Marcia, Head, John, Kieser, Troy, Lee, Elaine, Lord, Ursula, Miretsky, Edward, Palitsch, Kate, Petrin, Todd, Reader, Liz, Reznichenko, Svetlana, Robertson, Mary, Smith, Justin, Vavvas, Demetrios, Wells, John, Cahill, Cassie, Clark, W. Lloyd, Henry, Kayla, Johnson, David, Miller, Peggy, Oliver, LaDetrick, Spivey, Robbin, Swinford, Tiffany, Taylor, Mallie, Lambert, Michael, Chase, Kris, Fredrickson, Debbie, Khawly, Joseph, Lazarte, Valerie, Lowd, Donald, Miller, Pam, Willis, Arthur, Ferrone, Philip J., Almonte, Miguel, Arnott, Rachel, Aviles, Ingrid, Carbon, Sheri, Chitjian, Michael, DAmore, Kristen, Elliott, Christin, Fastenberg, David, Golub, Barry, Graham, Kenneth, Lavorna, AnnMarie, Murphy, Laura, Palomo, Amanda, Puglisi, Christina, Rhee, David, Romero, Juan, Rosenblatt, Brett, Salcedo, Glenda, Schlameuss, Marianne, Shakin, Eric, Sookhai, Vasanti, Kaiser, Richard, Affel, Elizabeth, Brown, Gary, Centinaro, Christina, Fine, Deborah, Fineman, Mitchell, Formoso, Michele, Garg, Sunir, Grande, Lisa, Herbert, Carolyn, Ho, Allen, Hsu, Jason, Jay, Maryann, Lavetsky, Lisa, Liebenbaum, Elaine, Maguire, Joseph, Monsonego, Julia, O’Connor, Lucia, Pierce, Lisa, Regillo, Carl, Rosario, Maria, Spirn, Marc, Vander, James, Walsh, Jennifer, Davidorf, Frederick H., Barnett, Amanda, Chang, Susie, Christoforidis, John, Elliott, Joy, Justice, Heather, Letson, Alan, McKinney, Kathryne, Perry, Jeri, Salerno, Jill A., Savage, Scott, Shelley, Stephen, Singerman, Lawrence J., Coney, Joseph, DuBois, John, DuBois, Kimberly, Greanoff, Gregg, Himmelman, Dianne, Ilc, Mary, McNamara, Elizabeth, Novak, Michael, Pendergast, Scott, Rath, Susan, Smith-Brewer, Sheila, Tanner, Vivian, Weiss, Diane E., Zegarra, Hernando, Halperin, Lawrence, Aramayo, Patricia, Dhalla, Mandeep, Fernandez, Brian, Fernandez, Cindy, Lopez, Jaclyn, Lopez, Monica, Mariano, Jamie, Murphy, Kellie, Sherley, Clifford, Veksler, Rita, Rahhal, Firas, Babikian, Razmig, Boyer, David, Hami, Sepideh, Kessinger, Jeff, Kurokouchi, Janet, Mukarram, Saba, Pachman, Sarah, Protacio, Eric, Sierra, Julio, Tabandeh, Homayoun, Zamboni, Adam, Elman, Michael, Belz, Jennifer, Butcher, Tammy, Cain, Theresa, Coffey, Teresa, Firestone, Dena, Gore, Nancy, Singletary, Pamela, Sotirakos, Peter, Starr, JoAnn, Meredith, Travis A., Barnhart, Cassandra J., Cantrell, Debra, Esquejo-Leon, RonaLyn, Houghton, Odette, Kaur, Harpreet, NDure, Fatoumatta, Glatzer, Ronald, Joffe, Leonard, Schindler, Reid, Xue, Katie, Hua, Peiying, Maguire, Maureen G., Daniel, Ebenezer, Jaffe, Glenn J., Grunwald, Juan E., and Ying, Gui-shuang

Published
2023
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241. The Relationship Between Serum Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Level and the Decision to Escalate Treatment of Sarcoidosis

Author

Shkolnik, Boris, Sore, Rou, Salick, Muhammad, Kobbari, Gowthami, Ghalib, Sana, Parimi, Anoosh S., and Fish, Kenneth M.

Subjects
Corticosteroids -- Analysis, Angiotensin converting enzyme -- Analysis, Prednisone -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Purpose We performed a retrospective analysis of a sarcoidosis cohort who had sACE obtained at their initial clinic visit, but the treating physician was blinded to the results. We examined the relationship between sACE and the treating physician's decision to escalate sarcoidosis treatment. Methods Treatment was considered escalated if the prednisone dose was increased or if the prednisone dose was not changed but an additional anti-sarcoidosis drug was added or the dose was increased. Results 561 sarcoidosis patients were analyzed. The most common target organ was the lung (84%). Using a cut-off of > 82 units/L for an elevated sACE, 31/82 (38%) with an elevated sACE had treatment escalation whereas 91/497 (18%) had treatment escalation with a normal sACE (p 82) had sensitivity 0.25, specificity 0.89, positive predictive value 0.38, negative predictive value 0.81. These results were not appreciably different using other sACE cut-off values such as 70, 80, 90, or 100. A multivariable logistic regression model that included demographics, the target organ, spirometry results estimated that sACE level and lower FVC were significantly associated with the likelihood of treatment escalation. These findings held when sACE > 82 replaced sACE level in the multivariable logistic regression model. Conclusions Although there was a strong correlation between sACE at the initial sarcoidosis clinic visit and subsequent treatment escalation of sarcoidosis, the predictive power was such that sACE is not adequately reliable to be used in isolation to make this determination., Author(s): Boris Shkolnik [sup.1], Rou Sore [sup.2], Muhammad Salick [sup.1], Gowthami Kobbari [sup.1], Sana Ghalib [sup.1], Anoosh S. Parimi [sup.1], Kenneth M. Fish [sup.1], Robert Deluca [sup.1], Recai Yucel [sup.2], [...]

Published
2023
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242. Teaching Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Lab with Kinetic Analysis of COVID-19 in the United States

Author

Dylan K. Smith, Kristin Lauro, Dymond Kelly, Joel Fish, Emma Lintelman, David McEwen, Corrin Smith, Max Stecz, Tharushi D. Ambagaspitiya, and Jixin Chen

Abstract

A physical chemistry lab for undergraduate students described in this report is about applying kinetic models to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in the United States and obtain the reproduction numbers. The susceptible-infectious-recovery (SIR) model and the SIR-vaccinated (SIRV) model are explained to the students and are used to analyze the COVID-19 spread data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The basic reproduction number R[subscript 0] and the real-time reproduction number R[subscript t] of COVID-19 are extracted by fitting the data with the models, which explains the spreading kinetics and provides a prediction of the spreading trend in a given state. The procedure outlined here shows the differences between the SIR model and the SIRV model. The SIRV model considers the effect of vaccination, which helps explain the later stages of the ongoing pandemic. The predictive power of the models is also shown giving the students some certainty in the predictions they made for the following months.

Published
2022
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243. Fractal basins as a mechanism for the nimble brain

Author

Erik Bollt, Jeremie Fish, Anil Kumar, Edmilson Roque dos Santos, and Paul J. Laurienti

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract An interesting feature of the brain is its ability to respond to disparate sensory signals from the environment in unique ways depending on the environmental context or current brain state. In dynamical systems, this is an example of multi-stability, the ability to switch between multiple stable states corresponding to specific patterns of brain activity/connectivity. In this article, we describe chimera states, which are patterns consisting of mixed synchrony and incoherence, in a brain-inspired dynamical systems model composed of a network with weak individual interactions and chaotic/periodic local dynamics. We illustrate the mechanism using synthetic time series interacting on a realistic anatomical brain network derived from human diffusion tensor imaging. We introduce the so-called vector pattern state (VPS) as an efficient way of identifying chimera states and mapping basin structures. Clustering similar VPSs for different initial conditions, we show that coexisting attractors of such states reveal intricately “mingled” fractal basin boundaries that are immediately reachable. This could explain the nimble brain’s ability to rapidly switch patterns between coexisting attractors.

Published
2023
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244. Spinocerebellar ataxia-type 34: A case report and brief review of the literature

Author

Vivek Batheja, MD, Morgan Fish, DO, Aneri B. Balar, MD, Siddhi Hedge, MBBS, Jeffery P. Hogg, MD, FACR, Dhairya A. Lakhani, MD, and Musharaf Khan, DO

Subjects
Hot cross bun sign, Multiple system atrophy, Neurodegenerative disorders, SCA-34, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders are classified as a group of diseases with progressive loss of neurons secondary to aggregation of misfolded proteins. A few of these neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with degeneration of the transverse pontocerebellar tracts and median pontine raphe nuclei. This specific neuron degeneration results in the radiologic hot cross bun sign (HCBS) on MRI T2 imaging and helps narrow down the differential diagnosis. While multiple system atrophy has a higher prevalence of the HCBS than other neurodegenerative diseases, the sign has also been described with other neurodegenerative disorders such as spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Here, we present a case of spinocerebellar ataxia type 34 with a characteristic hot-cross bun sign and provide a brief review of the literature.

Published
2023
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245. Integrating patient-reported physical, mental, and social impacts to classify long COVID experiences

Author

Keri Vartanian, Daniel Fish, Natalie Kenton, Benjamin Gronowski, Bill Wright, and Ari Robicsek

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Long COVID was originally identified through patient-reported experiences of prolonged symptoms. Many studies have begun to describe long COVID; however, this work typically focuses on medical records, instead of patient experiences, and lacks a comprehensive view of physical, mental, and social impacts. As part of our larger My COVID Diary (MCD) study, we captured patient experiences using a prospective and longitudinal patient-reported outcomes survey (PROMIS-10) and free-text narrative submissions. From this study population, we selected individuals who were still engaged in the MCD study and reporting poor health (PROMIS-10 scores

Published
2023
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246. ‘If I Can, We Can’: Honouring Myrtle Witbooi and the History of Domestic Worker Organising

Author

Jennifer N. Fish

Subjects
myrtle witbooi, domestic workers, domestic workers' rights, south africa, Social Sciences
Abstract

Myrtle Witbooi, a pioneering leader of the domestic worker movement, died on January 16 in Cape Town at age 75. Under South Africa’s apartheid rule, she began to organise women in the garage of her employer and went on to become president of the first global union led by women. For 52 years she advocated for the rights of domestic workers, upholding her presidency in both South Africa’s national union of domestic workers and the International Domestic Workers Federation, throughout her struggle with a rare form of bone cancer. Ms. Witbooi’s experience as a domestic worker under apartheid guided her life on the front lines of both a national and global movement to recognise and protect women once considered ‘servants’ without rights. She fought for domestic workers’ first legal protections in South Africa’s democracy, which set basic conditions of employment and allowed over 100,000 women to receive maternity and unemployment insurance over the past twenty years.

Published
2023
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247. Surveillance of Vermont wildlife in 2021–2022 reveals no detected SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA

Author

Hannah W. Despres, Margaret G. Mills, Madaline M. Schmidt, Jolene Gov, Yael Perez, Mars Jindrich, Allison M. L. Crawford, Warren T. Kohl, Elias Rosenblatt, Hannah C. Kubinski, Benjamin C. Simmons, Miles C. Nippes, Anne J. Goldenberg, Kristina E. Murtha, Samantha Nicoloro, Mia J. Harris, Avery C. Feeley, Taylor K. Gelinas, Maeve K. Cronin, Robert S. Frederick, Matthew Thomas, Meaghan E. Johnson, James Murphy, Elle B. Lenzini, Peter A. Carr, Danielle H. Berger, Soham P. Mehta, Christopher J. Floreani, Amelia C. Koval, Aleah L. Young, Jess H. Fish, Jack Wallace, Ella Chaney, Grace Ushay, Rebecca S. Ross, Erin M. Vostal, Maya C. Thisner, Kyliegh E. Gonet, Owen C. Deane, Kari R. Pelletiere, Vegas C. Rockafeller, Madeline Waterman, Tyler W. Barry, Catriona C. Goering, Sarah D. Shipman, Allie C. Shiers, Claire E. Reilly, Alanna M. Duff, Sarah L. Madruga, David J. Shirley, Keith R. Jerome, Ailyn C. Pérez-Osorio, Alexander L. Greninger, Nick Fortin, Brittany A. Mosher, and Emily A. Bruce

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Previous studies have documented natural infections of SARS-CoV-2 in various domestic and wild animals. More recently, studies have been published noting the susceptibility of members of the Cervidae family, and infections in both wild and captive cervid populations. In this study, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in mammalian wildlife within the state of Vermont. 739 nasal or throat samples were collected from wildlife throughout the state during the 2021 and 2022 harvest season. Data was collected from red and gray foxes (Vulpes vulples and Urocyon cineroargentus, respectively), fishers (Martes pennati), river otters (Lutra canadensis), coyotes (Canis lantrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus rufus), black bears (Ursus americanus), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 via quantitative RT-qPCR using the CDC N1/N2 primer set and/or the WHO-E gene primer set. Surprisingly, we initially detected a number of N1 and/or N2 positive samples with high cycle threshold values, though after conducting environmental swabbing of the laboratory and verifying with a second independent primer set (WHO-E) and PCR without reverse transcriptase, we showed that these were false positives due to plasmid contamination from a construct expressing the N gene in the general laboratory environment. Our final results indicate that no sampled wildlife were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and highlight the importance of physically separate locations for the processing of samples for surveillance and experiments that require the use of plasmid DNA containing the target RNA sequence. These negative findings are surprising, given that most published North America studies have found SARS-CoV-2 within their deer populations. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in populations sampled here may provide insights in to the various environmental and anthropogenic factors that reduce spillover and spread in North American’s wildlife populations.

Published
2023
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249. Unsupervised learning to characterize patients with known coronary artery disease undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging

Author

Williams, Michelle C., Bednarski, Bryan P., Pieszko, Konrad, Miller, Robert J. H., Kwiecinski, Jacek, Shanbhag, Aakash, Liang, Joanna X., Huang, Cathleen, Sharir, Tali, Dorbala, Sharmila, Di Carli, Marcelo F., Einstein, Andrew J., Sinusas, Albert J., Miller, Edward J., Bateman, Timothy M., Fish, Mathews B., Ruddy, Terrence D., Acampa, Wanda, Hauser, M. Timothy, Kaufmann, Philipp A., Dey, Damini, Berman, Daniel S., and Slomka, Piotr J.

Published
2023
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