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201. Dark Matter Particle in QCD

Author: Farrar, Glennys R., Wang, Zihui, and Xu, Xingchen
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the possibility that the Dark Matter particle is a stable, neutral, as-yet-undiscovered hadron in the standard model. The existence of a compact color-flavor-spin singlet sexaquark (S, uuddss) with mass ~2m_p, is compatible with current knowledge. The S interacts with baryons primarily via a Yukawa interaction of coupling strength alpha_SN, mediated by omega and phi vector mesons having mass ~1 GeV. If it exists, the S is a very attractive DM candidate. The relic abundance of S Dark Matter (SDM) is established when the Universe transitions from the quark-gluon plasma to the hadronic phase at ~150 MeV and is in remarkable agreement with the observed Omega_DM/Omega_b = 5.3+-0.1; this is a no-free-parameters result because the relevant parameters are known from QCD. Survival of this relic abundance to low temperature requires the breakup amplitude gtilde <~ 2 10^-6, comfortably compatible with theory expectations and observational bounds because the breakup amplitude is dynamically suppressed and many orders of magnitude smaller, as we show. The scattering cross section can differ by orders of magnitude from Born approximation, depending on alpha_SN, requiring reanalysis of observational limits. We use direct detection experiments and cosmological constraints to determine the allowed region of alpha_SN. For a range of allowed values, we predict exotic nuclear isotopes at a detectable level with mass offset ~2 amu. The most promising approaches for detecting the sexaquark in accelerator experiments are to search for a long-interaction-length neutral particle component in the central region of relativistic heavy ion collisions or using a beam-dump setup, and to search for evidence of missing particle production characterized by unbalanced baryon number and strangeness using Belle-II or possibly GLUEX at J-Lab., Comment: 25 pp, 13 figs. abstract abbreviated here; FIGURE 2 has been replaced (plotting bug) -- other content is correct and unchanged
Published: 2020

202. Reconstruction of Events Recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Bridgeman, A., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Mezek, G. Kukec, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. Machado, Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. Perez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schulz, A., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby inducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, they are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles less than $60^\circ$ using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector stations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions of the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers., Comment: Published version, 36 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2020
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203. Studies on the response of a water-Cherenkov detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons using an RPC hodoscope

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., De Vito, E., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Mezek, G. Kukec, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. Machado, Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. Perez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Extensive air showers, originating from ultra-high energy cosmic rays, have been successfully measured through the use of arrays of water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs). Sophisticated analyses exploiting WCD data have made it possible to demonstrate that shower simulations, based on different hadronic-interaction models, cannot reproduce the observed number of muons at the ground. The accurate knowledge of the WCD response to muons is paramount in establishing the exact level of this discrepancy. In this work, we report on a study of the response of a WCD of the Pierre Auger Observatory to atmospheric muons performed with a hodoscope made of resistive plate chambers (RPCs), enabling us to select and reconstruct nearly 600 thousand single muon trajectories with zenith angles ranging from 0$^\circ$ to 55$^\circ$. Comparison of distributions of key observables between the hodoscope data and the predictions of dedicated simulations allows us to demonstrate the accuracy of the latter at a level of 2%. As the WCD calibration is based on its response to atmospheric muons, the hodoscope data are also exploited to show the long-term stability of the procedure., Comment: Published version, 25 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2020
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204. A tidal disruption event coincident with a high-energy neutrino

Author: Stein, Robert, van Velzen, Sjoert, Kowalski, Marek, Franckowiak, Anna, Gezari, Suvi, Miller-Jones, James C. A., Frederick, Sara, Sfaradi, Itai, Bietenholz, Michael F., Horesh, Assaf, Fender, Rob, Garrappa, Simone, Ahumada, Tomás, Andreoni, Igor, Belicki, Justin, Bellm, Eric C., Böttcher, Markus, Brinnel, Valery, Burruss, Rick, Cenko, S. Bradley, Coughlin, Michael W., Cunningham, Virginia, Drake, Andrew, Farrar, Glennys R., Feeney, Michael, Foley, Ryan J., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Golkhou, V. Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Graham, Matthew J., Hammerstein, Erica, Helou, George, Hung, Tiara, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Kilpatrick, Charles D., Kong, Albert K. H., Kupfer, Thomas, Laher, Russ R., Mahabal, Ashish A., Masci, Frank J., Necker, Jannis, Nordin, Jakob, Perley, Daniel A., Rigault, Mickael, Reusch, Simeon, Rodriguez, Hector, Rojas-Bravo, César, Rusholme, Ben, Shupe, David L., Singer, Leo P., Sollerman, Jesper, Soumagnac, Maayane T., Stern, Daniel, Taggart, Kirsty, van Santen, Jakob, Ward, Charlotte, Woudt, Patrick, and Yao, Yuhan
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Cosmic neutrinos provide a unique window into the otherwise-hidden mechanism of particle acceleration in astrophysical objects. A flux of high-energy neutrinos was discovered in 2013, and the IceCube Collaboration recently reported the likely association of one high-energy neutrino with a flare from the relativistic jet of an active galaxy pointed towards the Earth. However a combined analysis of many similar active galaxies revealed no excess from the broader population, leaving the vast majority of the cosmic neutrino flux unexplained. Here we present the likely association of a radio-emitting tidal disruption event, AT2019dsg, with a second high-energy neutrino. AT2019dsg was identified as part of our systematic search for optical counterparts to high-energy neutrinos with the Zwicky Transient Facility. The probability of finding any coincident radio-emitting tidal disruption event by chance is 0.5%, while the probability of finding one as bright in bolometric energy flux as AT2019dsg is 0.2%. Our electromagnetic observations can be explained through a multi-zone model, with radio analysis revealing a central engine, embedded in a UV photosphere, that powers an extended synchrotron-emitting outflow. This provides an ideal site for PeV neutrino production. Assuming that the association is genuine, our observations suggest that tidal disruption events with mildly-relativistic outflows contribute to the cosmic neutrino flux., Comment: Title and text modified during journal review. Version accepted for publication in Nature Astronomy
Published: 2020
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205. Second virial coefficients of light nuclear clusters and their chemical freeze-out in nuclear collisions

Author: Bugaev, K. A., Vitiuk, O. V., Grinyuk, B. E., Sagun, V. V., Yakovenko, N. S., Ivanytskyi, O. I., Zinovjev, G. M., Blaschke, D. B., Nikonov, E. G., Bravina, L. V., Zabrodin, E. E., Kabana, S., Kuleshov, S. V., Farrar, G. R., Zherebtsova, E. S., and Taranenko, A. V.
Subjects: Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Here we develop a new strategy to analyze the chemical freeze-out of light (anti)nuclei produced in high energy collisions of heavy atomic nuclei within an advanced version of the hadron resonance gas model. It is based on two different, but complementary approaches to model the hard-core repulsion between the light nuclei and hadrons. The first approach is based on an approximate treatment of the equivalent hard-core radius of a roomy nuclear cluster and pions, while the second approach is rigorously derived here using a self-consistent treatment of classical excluded volumes of light (anti)nuclei and hadrons. By construction, in a hadronic medium dominated by pions, both approaches should give the same results. Employing this strategy to the analysis of hadronic and light (anti)nuclei multiplicities measured by ALICE at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =2.76$ TeV and by STAR at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =200$ GeV, we got rid of the existing ambiguity in the description of light (anti)nuclei data and determined the chemical freeze-out parameters of nuclei with high accuracy and confidence. At ALICE energy the nuclei are frozen prior to the hadrons at the temperature $T = 175.1^{+2.3}_{-3.9}$ MeV, while at STAR energy there is a single freeze-out of hadrons and nuclei at the temperature $T = 167.2 \pm 3.9$ MeV. We argue that the found chemical freeze-out volumes of nuclei can be considered as the volumes of quark-gluon bags that produce the nuclei at the moment of hadronization., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2020
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206. Search for magnetically-induced signatures in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fodran, T., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Mezek, G. Kukec, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. Machado, Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Armand, J. Perez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We search for signals of magnetically-induced effects in the arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory. We apply two different methods. One is a search for sets of events that show a correlation between their arrival direction and the inverse of their energy, which would be expected if they come from the same point-like source, they have the same electric charge and their deflection is relatively small and coherent. We refer to these sets of events as "multiplets". The second method, called "thrust", is a principal axis analysis aimed to detect the elongated patterns in a region of interest. We study the sensitivity of both methods using a benchmark simulation and we apply them to data in two different searches. The first search is done assuming as source candidates a list of nearby active galactic nuclei and starburst galaxies. The second is an all-sky blind search. We report the results and we find no statistically significant features. We discuss the compatibility of these results with the indications on the mass composition inferred from data of the Pierre Auger Observatory., Comment: Published version; correction of a minor typo
Published: 2020
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207. Classical excluded volumes of loosely bound light (anti)nuclei and their chemical freeze-out in heavy ion collisions

Author: Grinyuk, B. E., Bugaev, K. A., Sagun, V. V., Ivanytskyi, O. I., Borisyuk, D. L., Zhokhin, A. S., Zinovjev, G. M., Blaschke, D. B., Bravina, L. V., Zabrodin, E. E., Nikonov, E. G., Farrar, G., Kabana, S., Kuleshov, S. V., and Taranenko, A. V.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: From the analysis of light (anti)nuclei multiplicities that were measured recently by the ALICE collaboration in Pb+Pb collisions at the center-of-mass collision energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =2.76$ TeV there arose a highly non-trivial question about the excluded volume of composite particles. Surprisingly, the hadron resonance gas model (HRGM) is able to perfectly describe the light (anti)nuclei multiplicities under various assumptions. Thus, one can consider the (anti)nuclei with a vanishing hard-core radius (as the point-like particles) or with the hard-core radius of proton, but the fit quality is the same for these assumptions. It is clear, however, that such assumptions are unphysical. Hence we obtain a formula for the classical excluded volume of loosely bound light nuclei consisting of A baryons. To implement a new formula into the HRGM we have to modify the induced surface tension concept to treat the hadrons and (anti)nuclei on the same footing. We perform a simultaneous analysis of hadronic and (anti)nuclei multiplicities measured by the ALICE collaboration. The HRGM with the induced surface tension allows us to verify different assumptions on the values of hard-core radii and different scenarios of chemical freeze-out of light (anti)nuclei. It is shown that the unprecedentedly high quality of fit $\chi^2_{tot}/dof \simeq 0.769$ is achieved, if the chemical freeze-out temperature of hadrons is about $T_h=150$ MeV, while the one for all (anti)nuclei is $T_A=174-175.2$ MeV., Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2020
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208. Cosmic-ray anisotropies in right ascension measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Vegas, A. L. Garcia, Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Köpke, M., Mezek, G. Kukec, Awad, A. Kuotb, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Payeras, A. Machado, Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Armand, J. Perez, Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Vaclavek, L., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present measurements of the large-scale cosmic-ray anisotropies in right ascension, using data collected by the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory over more than 14 years. We determine the equatorial dipole component, $\vec{d}_\perp$, through a Fourier analysis in right ascension that includes weights for each event so as to account for the main detector-induced systematic effects. For the energies at which the trigger efficiency of the array is small, the ``East-West'' method is employed. Besides using the data from the array with detectors separated by 1500 m, we also include data from the smaller but denser sub-array of detectors with 750 m separation, which allows us to extend the analysis down to $\sim 0.03$ EeV. The most significant equatorial dipole amplitude obtained is that in the cumulative bin above 8~EeV, $d_\perp=6.0^{+1.0}_{-0.9}$%, which is inconsistent with isotropy at the 6$\sigma$ level. In the bins below 8 EeV, we obtain 99% CL upper-bounds on $d_\perp$ at the level of 1 to 3 percent. At energies below 1 EeV, even though the amplitudes are not significant, the phases determined in most of the bins are not far from the right ascension of the Galactic center, at $\alpha_{\rm GC}=-94^\circ$, suggesting a predominantly Galactic origin for anisotropies at these energies. The reconstructed dipole phases in the energy bins above 4 EeV point instead to right ascensions that are almost opposite to the Galactic center one, indicative of an extragalactic cosmic ray origin., Comment: Accepted by ApJ
Published: 2020
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209. Correlation between crystal purity and the charge density wave in 1$T$-VSe$_2$

Author: Sayers, C. J., Farrar, L. S., Bending, S. J., Cattelan, M., Jones, A. J. H., Fox, N. A., Kociok-Köhn, G., Koshmak, K., Laverock, J., Pasquali, L., and Da Como, E.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: We examine the charge density wave (CDW) properties of 1$T$-VSe$_{2}$ crystals grown by chemical vapour transport (CVT) under varying conditions. Specifically, we find that by lowering the growth temperature ($T_{\mathrm{g}}$ $<$ 630$^{\circ}$C), there is a significant increase in both the CDW transition temperature and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) obtained from electrical transport measurements. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we correlate the observed CDW properties with stoichiometry and the nature of defects. In addition, we have optimized a method to grow ultra-high purity 1$T$-VSe$_{2}$ crystals with a CDW transition temperature, $T_{\mathrm{CDW}}$ = (112.7 $\pm$ 0.8) K and maximum residual resistance ratio (RRR) $\approx$ 49, which is the highest reported thus far. This work highlights the sensitivity of the CDW in 1$T$-VSe$_{2}$ to defects and overall stoichiometry, and the importance of controlling the crystal growth conditions of strongly-correlated transition metal dichalcogenides., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2020
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210. Neoadjuvant systemic oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus is safe and may enhance long-term survivorship in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma

Author: Kelly M. Makielski, Aaron L. Sarver, Michael S. Henson, Kathleen M. Stuebner, Antonella Borgatti, Lukkana Suksanpaisan, Caitlin Preusser, Alexandru-Flaviu Tabaran, Ingrid Cornax, M. Gerard O’Sullivan, Andrea Chehadeh, Donna Groschen, Kelly Bergsrud, Sara Pracht, Amber Winter, Lauren J. Mills, Marc D. Schwabenlander, Melissa Wolfe, Michael A. Farrar, Gary R. Cutter, Joseph S. Koopmeiners, Stephen J. Russell, Jaime F. Modiano, and Shruthi Naik
Subjects: oncolytic virus, osteosarcoma, neoadjuvant, immunotherapy, virotherapy, tumor microenvironment, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Osteosarcoma is a devastating bone cancer that disproportionally afflicts children, adolescents, and young adults. Standard therapy includes surgical tumor resection combined with multiagent chemotherapy, but many patients still suffer from metastatic disease progression. Neoadjuvant systemic oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has the potential to improve clinical outcomes by targeting primary and metastatic tumor sites and inducing durable antitumor immune responses. Here we describe the first evaluation of neoadjuvant systemic therapy with a clinical-stage recombinant oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), VSV-IFNβ-NIS, in naturally occurring cancer, specifically appendicular osteosarcoma in companion dogs. Canine osteosarcoma has a similar natural disease history as its human counterpart. VSV-IFNβ-NIS was administered prior to standard of care surgical resection, permitting microscopic and genomic analysis of tumors. Treatment was well-tolerated and a “tail” of long-term survivors (∼35%) was apparent in the VSV-treated group, a greater proportion than observed in two contemporary control cohorts. An increase in tumor inflammation was observed in VSV-treated tumors and RNA-seq analysis showed that all the long-term responders had increased expression of a T cell anchored immune gene cluster. We conclude that neoadjuvant VSV-IFNβ-NIS is safe and may increase long-term survivorship in dogs with naturally occurring osteosarcoma, particularly those that exhibit pre-existing antitumor immunity.
Published: 2023
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211. Expectant fathers’ health behaviors, infant care intentions, and social-emotional wellbeing in the perinatal period: A latent class analysis and comparison to mothers

Author: Rachel C. Whooten, Milton Kotelchuck, Ariadne V. Caballero Gonzalez, Nafissa Johnson, Gracia Kwete, Man Luo, Haley Farrar Muir, Elizabeth A. Barth, Nicole Smith, and Elsie M. Taveras
Subjects: Health promotion, Prenatal, Paternal behaviors, Maternal behaviors, Social determinants of health, Medicine
Abstract: While parental behaviors during the ‘first thousand days’ are critical for child health, little is known about fathers during this time. We examined prenatal patterns of health behaviors, social-emotional wellbeing, and infant care intentions among expectant fathers, both overall and compared to expectant mothers. Among 227 mother-father dyads enrolling in a randomized controlled trial of a perinatal obesity prevention program in Boston, Massachusetts (July 2020–July 2022), participants independently completed baseline surveys addressing (1) health behaviors, (2) social emotional wellbeing, and (3) infant care intentions. We compared paternal and maternal responses to survey items within each of these domains. Further, we conducted a latent class analysis of paternal responses and examined their associations with sociodemographic characteristics. Compared to expectant mothers, fathers were more likely to report increased body mass index, less fruit intake, decreased sleep, increased physical activity, and no recent primary care visit. Latent class analysis revealed four distinct groups of paternal health behaviors and infant care intentions: (1) more health behaviors with less infant care; (2) less health behaviors with less infant care; (3) less health behaviors with more infant care; and (4) more health behaviors with more infant care. Fathers with increased health behaviors were more likely to have higher education and income. Fathers with decreased health behaviors were more likely to endorse food insecurity, housing insecurity, and social isolation. Our findings identify potential areas for targeting expectant fathers in health promotion initiatives and suggest that social needs may impact the capacity to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Published: 2023
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212. Shared Mobility Policy Playbook

Author: Shaheen, Susan, PhD, Cohen, Adam, Randolph, Michael, Farrar, Emily, Davis, Richard, and Nichols, Aqshems
Published: 2019

213. Collaborative Learning: Aligning Goals and Outcomes

Author: Werner, Mariel Anne Farrar
Subjects: Computer science, Collaborative Learning, Federated Learning, Game Theory, Optimization
Abstract: When multiple clients are collaboratively learning and training a shared model, incentives problems can arise. The clients may have different learning objectives and application domains, or they may be competitors whose participation in the learning system could reduce their competitive advantage. While collaborative learning is a powerful framework that leverages vast networks of compute and data to generate a better model for all, participants may defect from collaboration if their incentives are misaligned with the guarantees of the system. In this dissertation, I examine three areas where accounting for incentives is critical in designing an effective collaborative learning system. I. When clients in the system have heterogeneous data distributions and divergent learning tasks, full collaboration within the system can result in a global model which performs poorly for individual clients. Personalization of the global model to clusters of clients with similar learning objectives is a solution to this problem. We propose a personalization method which has optimal convergence guarantees and is provably robust to malicious attackers. II. Clients who are competitors may not want to participate in collaborative learning system if their contributions will benefit their competitors and disadvantage themselves. We design a collaborative learning scheme which guarantees that clients lose no utility by participating. Additionally, we show that even as clients focus on increasing their own revenues, their model qualities converge to the Nash bargaining solution, thus optimizing for joint surplus.III. Finally, privacy concerns are a major deterrent for joining collaborative learning systems. In the final chapter, we look at privacy dynamics in systems of learning agents more broadly. Specifically, we study a repeated-interaction game between potentially antagonistic learning agents -- a buyer and a price-discriminating seller -- and show that privacy-protecting behavior endogenously arises at equilibrium.
Published: 2024

214. IL-15 mediated expansion of rare durable memory T cells following adoptive cellular therapy.

Author: Kohli, Karan, Yao, Lu, Nowicki, Theodore Scott, Zhang, Shihong, Black, Ralph Graeme, Schroeder, Brett A, Farrar, Erik A, Cao, Jianhong, Sloan, Heather, Stief, Dawn, Cranmer, Lee D, Wagner, Michael J, Hawkins, Douglas S, Pillarisetty, Venu G, Ribas, Antoni, Campbell, Jean, Pierce, Robert H, Kim, Edward Y, Jones, Robin L, Riddell, Stanley R, Yee, Cassian, and Pollack, Seth M
Subjects: adoptive, antigens, cell engineering, cellular, cytokines, immunity, immunotherapy, neoplasm
Abstract: BackgroundSynovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) are ideal solid tumors for the development of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) targeting NY-ESO-1, as a high frequency of tumors homogeneously express this cancer-testes antigen. Data from early phase clinical trials have shown antitumor activity after the adoptive transfer of NY-ESO-1-specific T cells. In these studies, persistence of NY-ESO-1 specific T cells is highly correlated with response to ACT, but patients often continue to have detectable transferred cells in their peripheral blood following progression.MethodWe performed a phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety of NY-ESO-1-specific endogenous T cells (ETC) following cyclophosphamide conditioning. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treated patients were evaluated by flow cytometry and gene expression analysis as well as through ex vivo culture assays with and without IL-15.ResultsFour patients were treated in a cohort using ETC targeting NY-ESO-1 following cyclophosphamide conditioning. Treatment was well tolerated without significant toxicity, but all patients ultimately had disease progression. In two of four patients, we obtained post-treatment tumor tissue and in both, NY-ESO-1 antigen was retained despite clear detectable persisting NY-ESO-1-specific T cells in the peripheral blood. Despite a memory phenotype, these persisting cells lacked markers of proliferation or activation. However, in ex vivo culture assays, they could be induced to proliferate and kill tumor using IL-15. These results were also seen in PBMCs from two patients who received gene-engineered T-cell receptor-based products at other centers.ConclusionsETC targeting NY-ESO-1 with single-agent cyclophosphamide alone conditioning was well tolerated in patients with SS and those with MRCL. IL-15 can induce proliferation and activity in persisting NY-ESO-1-specific T cells even in patients with disease progression following ACT. These results support future work evaluating whether IL-15 could be incorporated into ACT trials post-infusion or at the time of progression.
Published: 2021

215. A tidal disruption event coincident with a high-energy neutrino

Author: Stein, Robert, Velzen, Sjoert van, Kowalski, Marek, Franckowiak, Anna, Gezari, Suvi, Miller-Jones, James CA, Frederick, Sara, Sfaradi, Itai, Bietenholz, Michael F, Horesh, Assaf, Fender, Rob, Garrappa, Simone, Ahumada, Tomás, Andreoni, Igor, Belicki, Justin, Bellm, Eric C, Böttcher, Markus, Brinnel, Valery, Burruss, Rick, Cenko, S Bradley, Coughlin, Michael W, Cunningham, Virginia, Drake, Andrew, Farrar, Glennys R, Feeney, Michael, Foley, Ryan J, Gal-Yam, Avishay, Golkhou, V Zach, Goobar, Ariel, Graham, Matthew J, Hammerstein, Erica, Helou, George, Hung, Tiara, Kasliwal, Mansi M, Kilpatrick, Charles D, Kong, Albert KH, Kupfer, Thomas, Laher, Russ R, Mahabal, Ashish A, Masci, Frank J, Necker, Jannis, Nordin, Jakob, Perley, Daniel A, Rigault, Mickael, Reusch, Simeon, Rodriguez, Hector, Rojas-Bravo, César, Rusholme, Ben, Shupe, David L, Singer, Leo P, Sollerman, Jesper, Soumagnac, Maayane T, Stern, Daniel, Taggart, Kirsty, van Santen, Jakob, Ward, Charlotte, Woudt, Patrick, and Yao, Yuhan
Subjects: astro-ph.HE
Abstract: Cosmic neutrinos provide a unique window into the otherwise hidden mechanism of particle acceleration in astrophysical objects. The IceCube Collaboration recently reported the likely association of one high-energy neutrino with a flare from the relativistic jet of an active galaxy pointed towards the Earth. However a combined analysis of many similar active galaxies revealed no excess from the broader population, leaving the vast majority of the cosmic neutrino flux unexplained. Here we present the likely association of a radio-emitting tidal disruption event, AT2019dsg, with a second high-energy neutrino. AT2019dsg was identified as part of our systematic search for optical counterparts to high-energy neutrinos with the Zwicky Transient Facility. The probability of finding any coincident radio-emitting tidal disruption event by chance is 0.5%, while the probability of finding one as bright in bolometric energy flux as AT2019dsg is 0.2%. Our electromagnetic observations can be explained through a multizone model, with radio analysis revealing a central engine, embedded in a UV photosphere, that powers an extended synchrotron-emitting outflow. This provides an ideal site for petaelectronvolt neutrino production. Assuming that the association is genuine, our observations suggest that tidal disruption events with mildly relativistic outflows contribute to the cosmic neutrino flux.
Published: 2021

216. We Are Stronger Together: How a State's HETE/PETE Programs Battle Fires as a Team

Author: Kreider, Carri, Farrar, Terri D., and Beard, Judy
Abstract: This article details how a team of university professors representing five PETE/HETE programs in Washington State work together for success. At a time when enrollment in higher education is down across the nation, it is crucial for university programs to work together to strengthen their programs to recruit and retain future health and physical education teachers.
Published: 2023
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217. The impact of armed conflict on school education

Author: Stephen J. McKinney and Jennifer Farrar
Subjects: armed conflict, children and young people, child soldiers, gender equality, Education, Education (General), L7-991
Abstract: Armed conflict has a damaging effect on the lives of children and young people and affects their school education and future possibilities. This creates a serious challenge to the exercise of the human right for education and the achievement of a number of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) – notably SDG 4, education for all, and SDG 5, gender equality. This paper examines the effects of armed conflict by discussing school closures, or partial closures, internal and external displacement, child soldiers, the six grave violations and the education of girls during armed conflict. The paper concludes with a discussion that argues that the policy of protection promoted by the United Nations is one that should be supported but there are other dimensions that also have to be considered: a more nuanced conceptualisation of childhood and a greater awareness and understanding of the child’s lived experience and agency, the protection of children to be ensured in ceasefire and peace agreements and implementation of strategies to protect children from the effects of war and the enforcement of legal measures and political sanctions that can be used to hold to account the perpetrators of the abuse of children in armed conflict.
Published: 2023
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218. Software compatibility analysis for quantitative measures of [18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET burden in mild cognitive impairment

Author: Hugh G. Pemberton, Christopher Buckley, Mark Battle, Ariane Bollack, Vrajesh Patel, Petya Tomova, David Cooke, Will Balhorn, Katherine Hegedorn, Johan Lilja, Christine Brand, and Gill Farrar
Subjects: Amyloid PET, SUVr, Alzheimer’s, MCI, Quantification, [18F]flutemetamol, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: Abstract Rationale Amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology is one of the earliest detectable brain changes in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. In clinical practice, trained readers will visually categorise positron emission tomography (PET) scans as either Aβ positive or negative. However, adjunct quantitative analysis is becoming more widely available, where regulatory approved software can currently generate metrics such as standardised uptake value ratios (SUVr) and individual Z-scores. Therefore, it is of direct value to the imaging community to assess the compatibility of commercially available software packages. In this collaborative project, the compatibility of amyloid PET quantification was investigated across four regulatory approved software packages. In doing so, the intention is to increase visibility and understanding of clinically relevant quantitative methods. Methods Composite SUVr using the pons as the reference region was generated from [18F]flutemetamol (GE Healthcare) PET in a retrospective cohort of 80 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients (40 each male/female; mean age = 73 years, SD = 8.52). Based on previous autopsy validation work, an Aβ positivity threshold of ≥ 0.6 SUVrpons was applied. Quantitative results from MIM Software’s MIMneuro, Syntermed’s NeuroQ, Hermes Medical Solutions’ BRASS and GE Healthcare’s CortexID were analysed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), percentage agreement around the Aβ positivity threshold and kappa scores. Results Using an Aβ positivity threshold of ≥ 0.6 SUVrpons, 95% agreement was achieved across the four software packages. Two patients were narrowly classed as Aβ negative by one software package but positive by the others, and two patients vice versa. All kappa scores around the same Aβ positivity threshold, both combined (Fleiss’) and individual software pairings (Cohen’s), were ≥ 0.9 signifying “almost perfect” inter-rater reliability. Excellent reliability was found between composite SUVr measurements for all four software packages, with an average measure ICC of 0.97 and 95% confidence interval of 0.957–0.979. Correlation coefficient analysis between the two software packages reporting composite z-scores was strong (r 2 = 0.98). Conclusion Using an optimised cortical mask, regulatory approved software packages provided highly correlated and reliable quantification of [18F]flutemetamol amyloid PET with a ≥ 0.6 SUVrpons positivity threshold. In particular, this work could be of interest to physicians performing routine clinical imaging rather than researchers performing more bespoke image analysis. Similar analysis is encouraged using other reference regions as well as the Centiloid scale, when it has been implemented by more software packages.
Published: 2023
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219. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 variant following booster vaccination or breakthrough infection in the UK

Author: Jia Wei, Philippa C. Matthews, Nicole Stoesser, John N. Newton, Ian Diamond, Ruth Studley, Nick Taylor, John I. Bell, Jeremy Farrar, Jaison Kolenchery, Brian D. Marsden, Sarah Hoosdally, E. Yvonne Jones, David I. Stuart, Derrick W. Crook, Tim E. A. Peto, A. Sarah Walker, Koen B. Pouwels, David W. Eyre, and the COVID-19 Infection Survey team
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Following primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, whether boosters or breakthrough infections provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection is incompletely understood. Here we investigated SARS-CoV-2 antibody correlates of protection against new Omicron BA.4/5 (re-)infections and anti-spike IgG antibody trajectories after a third/booster vaccination or breakthrough infection following second vaccination in 154,149 adults ≥18 y from the United Kingdom general population. Higher antibody levels were associated with increased protection against Omicron BA.4/5 infection and breakthrough infections were associated with higher levels of protection at any given antibody level than boosters. Breakthrough infections generated similar antibody levels to boosters, and the subsequent antibody declines were slightly slower than after boosters. Together our findings show breakthrough infection provides longer-lasting protection against further infections than booster vaccinations. Our findings, considered alongside the risks of severe infection and long-term consequences of infection, have important implications for vaccine policy.
Published: 2023
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220. Tracking the Migration of Injectable Microdevices in the Rodent Brain Using a 9.4T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner.

Author: Farrar, Christian, Cash, Sydney, Khalifa, Adam, and Weigand-Whittier, Jonah
Subjects: MRI, central nervous system, injection, migration, wireless
Abstract: Wirelessly powered microdevices are being miniaturized to improve safety, longevity, and spatial resolution in a wide range of biomedical applications. Some wireless microdevices have reached a point where they can be injected whole into the central nervous system. However, the state-of-the-art floating microdevices have not yet been tested in chronic brain applications, and there is a growing concern that the implants might migrate through neural tissue over time. Using a 9.4T MRI scanner, we attempt to address the migration question by tracking ultra-small devices injected in different areas of the brain (cortico-subcortical) of rats over 5 months. We demonstrate that injectable microdevices smaller than 0.01 mm3 remain anchored in the brain at the targeted injection site over this time period. Based on CD68 (microglia) and GFAP (astrocytes) immunoreactivity to the microdevice, we hypothesize that glial scar formation is preventing the migration of chronically implanted microdevices in the brain over time.
Published: 2021

221. Isolating the Role of Corticosterone in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Transcriptomic Stress Response

Author: Austin, Suzanne H, Harris, Rayna M, Booth, April M, Lang, Andrew S, Farrar, Victoria S, Krause, Jesse S, Hallman, Tyler A, MacManes, Matthew, and Calisi, Rebecca M
Subjects: Behavioral and Social Science, Contraception/Reproduction, Genetics, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Columbidae, Corticosterone, Female, Gene Expression Profiling, Gonads, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Male, Pituitary Gland, Reproduction, Sex Factors, Stress, Physiological, Transcriptome, corticosterone, acute stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis, transcriptomics, birds, Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics
Abstract: Investigation of the negative impacts of stress on reproduction has largely centered around the effects of the adrenal steroid hormone, corticosterone (CORT), and its influence on a system of tissues vital for reproduction-the hypothalamus of the brain, the pituitary gland, and the gonads (the HPG axis). Research on the action of CORT on the HPG axis has predominated the stress and reproductive biology literature, potentially overshadowing other influential mediators. To gain a more complete understanding of how elevated CORT affects transcriptomic activity of the HPG axis, we experimentally examined its role in male and female rock doves (Columba livia). We exogenously administrated CORT to mimic circulating levels during the stress response, specifically 30 min of restraint stress, an experimental paradigm known to increase circulating CORT in vertebrates. We examined all changes in transcription within each level of the HPG axis as compared to both restraint-stressed birds and vehicle-injected controls. We also investigated the differential transcriptomic response to CORT and restraint-stress in each sex. We report causal and sex-specific effects of CORT on the HPG transcriptomic stress response. Restraint stress caused 1567 genes to uniquely differentially express while elevated circulating CORT was responsible for the differential expression of 304 genes. Only 108 genes in females and 8 in males differentially expressed in subjects that underwent restraint stress and those who were given exogenous CORT. In response to elevated CORT and restraint-stress, both sexes shared the differential expression of 5 genes, KCNJ5, CISH, PTGER3, CEBPD, and ZBTB16, all located in the pituitary. The known functions of these genes suggest potential influence of elevated CORT on immune function and prolactin synthesis. Gene expression unique to each sex indicated that elevated CORT affected more gene transcription in females than males (78 genes versus 3 genes, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate the role of CORT in HPG genomic transcription during a stress response. We present an extensive and openly accessible view of the role corticosterone in the HPG transcriptomic stress response. Because the HPG system is well conserved across vertebrates, these data have the potential to inspire new therapeutic strategies for reproductive dysregulation in multiple vertebrate systems, including our own.
Published: 2021

222. Uncovering the Sex-Specific Endocrine Responses to Reproduction and Parental Care

Author: Austin, Suzanne H, Krause, Jesse S, Viernes, Rechelle, Farrar, Victoria S, Booth, April M, Harris, Rayna M, Angelier, Frédéric, Lee, Candice, Bond, Annie, Wingfield, John C, MacManes, Matthew M, and Calisi, Rebecca M
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Estrogen, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Contraception/Reproduction, Behavioral and Social Science, Animals, Columbidae, Corticosterone, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Hormones, Male, Maternal Behavior, Nesting Behavior, Paternal Behavior, Prolactin, Reproduction, Sex Characteristics, reproduction, birds, prolactin, corticosterone, sex steroids, Nutrition and Dietetics, Clinical sciences
Abstract: Hormones mediate physiological and behavioral changes in adults as they transition into reproduction. In this study, we characterize the circulating levels of five key hormones involved in reproduction in rock doves (Columba livia): corticosterone, progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, and prolactin using univariate and multivariate approaches. We show similar patterns as previous studies in the overall patterns in circulating levels of these hormones, i.e., testosterone (males) and estradiol (females) high during nest-building or egg-laying, prolactin increasing at mid-incubation and peaking at hatching (both sexes), and elevated corticosterone levels in later incubation and early nestling development. In our investigation of hormone co-variation, we find a strong correlation between prolactin and corticosterone across sampling stages and similarities in earlier (early to mid-incubation) compared to later (late incubation to nestling d9) sampling stages in males and females. Finally, we utilized experimental manipulations to simulate nest loss or altered caregiving lengths to test whether external cues, internal timing, or a combination of these factors contributed most to hormone variation. Following nest loss, we found that both males and females responded to the external cue. Males generally responded quickly following nest loss by increasing circulating testosterone, but this response was muted when nest loss occurred early in reproduction. Similar treatment type, e.g., removal of eggs, clustered similarly in hormone space. These results suggest internal drivers limited male response early in reproduction to nest loss. In contrast, circulating levels of these hormones in females either did not change or decreased following nest manipulation suggesting responsiveness to external drivers, but unlike males, this result suggests that reproductive processes were decreasing.
Published: 2021

223. Connecting mem-models with classical theories

Author: Pei, Jin-Song, Gay-Balmaz, François, Luscher, Darby J, Beck, James L, Todd, Michael D, Wright, Joseph P, Qiao, Yu, Quadrelli, Marco B, Farrar, Chuck R, and Lieven, Nicholas AJ
Subjects: Mem-models, Absement, Generalized momentum, Nonlinear state-space representation, Hybrid dynamical system, Continuum damage mechanics, Damage variable, Strain ratcheting, Wiechert model, Classical Preisach model, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, Acoustics
Published: 2021

224. Urban Air Mobility: History, Ecosystem, Market Potential, and Challenges

Author: Cohen, Adam P, Shaheen, Susan A, PhD, and Farrar, Emily M
Subjects: advanced air mobility (AAM), automation, electrification, flying cars, helicopters, on-demand air mobility, rural air mobility, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned aircraft (UA), urban air mobility (UAM), vertical take-off and land (VTOL)
Abstract: Since the early 20th century, inventors have conceptualized “plane cars” and other urban aerial transportation. Emerging innovations in electrification, automation, and other technologies are enabling new opportunities for on-demand air mobility, business models, and aircraft design. Urban air mobility (UAM) envisions a safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible air transportation system for passenger mobility, goods delivery, and emergency services within or traversing metropolitan areas. This research employed a multi-method approach comprised of 106 interviews with thought leaders and two stakeholder workshops to construct the history, ecosystem, state of the industry, and potential evolution of UAM. The history, current developments, and anticipated milestones of UAM can be classified into six phases: 1) “flying car” concepts from the early 1910s to 1950s, 2) early UAM operations using scheduled helicopter services from the 1950s to 1980s, 3) re-emergence of on-demand services starting in the 2010s, 4) corridor services using vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) envisioned for the 2020s, 5) hub and spoke services, and 6) point-to-point services. In the future, UAM could face several barriers to growth and mainstreaming, such as the existing regulatory environment; community acceptance; and concerns about safety, noise, social equity, and environmental impacts. UAM also could be limited by infrastructure and airspace management needs, as well as business model constraints. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research on sustainability, social and economic impacts, airspace integration, and other topics.
Published: 2021

225. To Punish or Not to Punish? The Impact of Tax Fraud Punishment on Observers’ Tax Compliance

Author: Farrar, Jonathan and King, Tisha
Published: 2023
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226. Your Online Textbook Is Ready: A Shareable, Interactive Online Textbook in Response to COVID-19 Lockdowns

Author: Dunn, Peter K., Brunton, Elizabeth A., and Farrar, Michael B.
Abstract: This article discusses the development of an interactive online textbook for undergraduate teaching, in response to moving teaching online due to COVID-19. The development took place initially for a university with less than 5% of students studying online in 2019. The online textbook was incorporated into a large, diverse, multidisciplinary and predominantly first-year undergraduate research design and statistics course. Digital tools were embedded into the textbook to facilitate student engagement in lieu of face-to-face contact, including online crosswords for low-level statistical literacy, drop-and-drag activities, screencasts, exercises, animations, and videos. The textbook was prepared in markdown format. This approach allows for instant updating of material and provides focussed URLs that educators can use to point students directly to specific learning outcomes. Despite the textbook being developed in response to restricted teaching conditions, it has provided a cost-effective resource, targeted at teaching research design and basic statistics concepts, interpretation, and communication. Having returned to face-to-face teaching, the text is now fully integrated into the course. Importantly, the online textbook is freely available for other educators to use, either in its existing form, or by forking (on Github) the textbook sources to create a bespoke online textbook for other courses.
Published: 2022
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227. Incidence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in the modern era; an Australian study

Author: Kariyawasam, Didu, D’Silva, Arlene, Mowat, David, Russell, Jacqui, Sampaio, Hugo, Jones, Kristi, Taylor, Peter, and Farrar, Michelle
Published: 2022
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228. Nuclear corepressors NCOR1/NCOR2 regulate B cell development, maintain genomic integrity and prevent transformation

Author: Lee, Robin D., Knutson, Todd P., Munro, Sarah A., Miller, Jeffrey T., Heltemes-Harris, Lynn M., Mullighan, Charles G., Jepsen, Kristen, and Farrar, Michael A.
Published: 2022
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229. Evaluation of 18F-flutemetamol amyloid PET image analysis parameters on the effect of verubecestat on brain amlyoid load in Alzheimer’s disease

Author: Sur, Cyrille, Adamczuk, Katarzyna, Scott, David, Kost, James, Sampat, Mehul, Buckley, Christopher, Farrar, Gill, Newton, Ben, Suhy, Joyce, Bennacef, Idriss, and Egan, Michael F.
Published: 2022
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230. The Effect of Age and Comorbidities: Children vs. Adults in Their Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author: Girlande Mentor, Daniel S. Farrar, Costanza Di Chiara, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Silvie Valois, Suzanne Taillefer, Olivier Drouin, Christian Renaud, and Fatima Kakkar
Subjects: COVID-19, immunity, IgG antibody, pediatric infection, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: While children have experienced less severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults, the cause of this remains unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the humoral immune response to COVID-19 in child vs. adult household contacts, and to identify predictors of the response over time. In this prospective cohort study, children with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (index case) were recruited along with their adult household contacts. Serum IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 spike proteins were compared between children and adults at 6 and 12 months after infection. A total of 91 participants (37 adults and 54 children) from 36 families were enrolled. Overall, 78 (85.7%) participants were seropositive for anti-S1/S2 IgG antibody at 6 months following infection; this was higher in children than in adults (92.6% vs. 75.7%) (p = 0.05). Significant predictors of a lack of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were age ≥ 25 vs. < 12 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, p = 0.04), presence of comorbidities (vs. none, adjusted OR = 0.23, p = 0.03), and immunosuppression (vs. immunocompetent, adjusted OR = 0.17, p = 0.02).
Published: 2024
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231. Evaluation of a Novel Enteral Phosphorus Therapy with Enteral Nutrition during a National Intravenous Sodium Phosphate Shortage

Author: Tinia D. Harris, Julie E. Farrar, Saskya Byerly, Dina M. Filiberto, and Roland N. Dickerson
Subjects: phosphorus, calcium, refeeding syndrome, critical illness, trauma, drug shortages, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intragastric administration of small volumes of sodium enema solution containing phosphorus as phosphorus replacement therapy in critically ill patients with traumatic injuries who required continuous enteral nutrition. Adult patients (>17 years of age) who had a serum phosphorus concentration 1.4 mg/dL (124 µmol/L) were excluded. Patients were given 20 mL of saline enema solution intragastrically, containing 34 mmol of phosphorus and mixed in 240 mL water. A total of 55% and 73% of patients who received one (n = 22) or two doses (n = 11) had an improvement in the serum phosphorus concentration, respectively. The serum phosphorus concentration increased from 2.5 [2.1, 2.8] mg/dL (0.81 [0.69, 0.90] mmol/L) to 2.9 [2.2, 3.0] mg/dL (0.94 [0.71, 0.97 mmol/L) for those who received two doses (p = 0.222). Excluding two patients with a marked decline in serum phosphorus by 1.3 mg/dL (0.32 mmol/L) resulted in an increase in the serum phosphorus concentration from 2.3 [2.0, 2.8] mg/dL (0.74 [0.65, 0.90] mmol/L) to 2.9 [2.5, 3.2] mg/dL (0.94 [0.81, 1.03] mmol/L; n = 9; p = 0.012). No significant adverse effects were noted. Our data indicated that intragastric phosphate administration using a small volume of saline enema solution improved the serum phosphorus concentrations in most patients.
Published: 2024
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232. Towards Uncovering the Role of Incomplete Penetrance in Maculopathies through Sequencing of 105 Disease-Associated Genes

Author: Rebekkah J. Hitti-Malin, Daan M. Panneman, Zelia Corradi, Erica G. M. Boonen, Galuh Astuti, Claire-Marie Dhaenens, Heidi Stöhr, Bernhard H. F. Weber, Dror Sharon, Eyal Banin, Marianthi Karali, Sandro Banfi, Tamar Ben-Yosef, Damjan Glavač, G. Jane Farrar, Carmen Ayuso, Petra Liskova, Lubica Dudakova, Marie Vajter, Monika Ołdak, Jacek P. Szaflik, Anna Matynia, Michael B. Gorin, Kati Kämpjärvi, Miriam Bauwens, Elfride De Baere, Carel B. Hoyng, Catherina H. Z. Li, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Chris F. Inglehearn, Kaoru Fujinami, Carlo Rivolta, Rando Allikmets, Jana Zernant, Winston Lee, Osvaldo L. Podhajcer, Ana Fakin, Jana Sajovic, Alaa AlTalbishi, Sandra Valeina, Gita Taurina, Andrea L. Vincent, Lisa Roberts, Raj Ramesar, Giovanna Sartor, Elena Luppi, Susan M. Downes, L. Ingeborgh van den Born, Terri L. McLaren, John N. De Roach, Tina M. Lamey, Jennifer A. Thompson, Fred K. Chen, Anna M. Tracewska, Smaragda Kamakari, Juliana Maria Ferraz Sallum, Hanno J. Bolz, Hülya Kayserili, Susanne Roosing, and Frans P. M. Cremers
Subjects: maculopathies, macula, retinal, inherited, sequencing, penetrance, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Inherited macular dystrophies (iMDs) are a group of genetic disorders, which affect the central region of the retina. To investigate the genetic basis of iMDs, we used single-molecule Molecular Inversion Probes to sequence 105 maculopathy-associated genes in 1352 patients diagnosed with iMDs. Within this cohort, 39.8% of patients were considered genetically explained by 460 different variants in 49 distinct genes of which 73 were novel variants, with some affecting splicing. The top five most frequent causative genes were ABCA4 (37.2%), PRPH2 (6.7%), CDHR1 (6.1%), PROM1 (4.3%) and RP1L1 (3.1%). Interestingly, variants with incomplete penetrance were revealed in almost one-third of patients considered solved (28.1%), and therefore, a proportion of patients may not be explained solely by the variants reported. This includes eight previously reported variants with incomplete penetrance in addition to CDHR1:c.783G>A and CNGB3:c.1208G>A. Notably, segregation analysis was not routinely performed for variant phasing—a limitation, which may also impact the overall diagnostic yield. The relatively high proportion of probands without any putative causal variant (60.2%) highlights the need to explore variants with incomplete penetrance, the potential modifiers of disease and the genetic overlap between iMDs and age-related macular degeneration. Our results provide valuable insights into the genetic landscape of iMDs and warrant future exploration to determine the involvement of other maculopathy genes.
Published: 2024
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233. Impact of norepinephrine on immunity and oxidative metabolism in sepsis

Author: Joby Thoppil, Prayag Mehta, Brett Bartels, Drashya Sharma, and J. David Farrar
Subjects: norepinephrine, oxidative metabolism, sepsis, sympathetic nervous system, immune cells, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract: Sepsis is a major health problem in the United States (US), constituting a leading contributor to mortality among critically ill patients. Despite advances in treatment the underlying pathophysiology of sepsis remains elusive. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a significant role in antimicrobial host defense and inflammation and its dysregulation leads to maladaptive responses because of excessive inflammation. There is growing evidence for crosstalk between the central nervous system and the immune system in response to infection. The hypothalamic-pituitary and adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system are the two major pathways that mediate this interaction. Epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), respectively are the effectors of these interactions. Upon stimulation, NE is released from sympathetic nerve terminals locally within lymphoid organs and activate adrenoreceptors expressed on immune cells. Similarly, epinephrine secreted from the adrenal gland which is released systemically also exerts influence on immune cells. However, understanding the specific impact of neuroimmunity is still in its infancy. In this review, we focus on the sympathetic nervous system, specifically the role the neurotransmitter norepinephrine has on immune cells. Norepinephrine has been shown to modulate immune cell responses leading to increased anti-inflammatory and blunting of pro-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that norepinephrine is involved in regulating oxidative metabolism in immune cells. This review attempts to summarize the known effects of norepinephrine on immune cell response and oxidative metabolism in response to infection.
Published: 2023
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234. Principle and Policy in Malicious Prosecution

Author: Wendy Bonython and John Farrar
Subjects: Law
Abstract: Judicial consideration by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and the United Kingdom Supreme Court, of the tort of malicious prosecution – historically confined to criminal prosecution and limited civil proceedings – demonstrates considerable confusion in Common Law systems over the roles of principle and policy in judicial reasoning. As judgements extending malicious prosecution to maliciously motivated civil claims demonstrate, the principles and policies underpinning malicious prosecution and abuse of process, and the relationship between these torts – regarded by judges and jurists as anomalous – remain unclear. Other common law jurisdictions are yet to positively affirm the revised malicious prosecution tort’s applicability to civil proceedings, and the few plaintiffs to plead the expanded tort to date have been unsuccessful. While the harms arising from maliciously brought civil proceedings understandably excite sympathy, this article contends that expanding malicious prosecution to civil claims via common law reform is a problematic solution resting on unsound jurisprudential foundations, which faces potentially insurmountable evidentiary barriers and necessitates further litigation. We suggest that a better alternative is to encourage greater use of the court’s existing inherent jurisdiction to award compensatory costs and propose introduction of punitive statutory costs powers, available in extreme cases, to deter litigants from initiating civil claims prompted by malice.
Published: 2023

235. Unique characteristics of end-of-life hospitalizations in Parkinson disease

Author: Whitley W. Aamodt, Nabila Dahodwala, Warren B. Bilker, John T. Farrar, and Allison W. Willis
Subjects: Parkinson disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit, length of stay, cost, mortality, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: IntroductionPersons with Parkinson disease (PD) are hospitalized at higher rates, have longer lengths of stay, and are more likely to die in the hospital than age-matched peers. Although prior studies have compared inpatient outcomes between persons with and without PD, little is known about inpatient outcomes across the PD trajectory, or whether hospitalizations occurring in the last 6 months of life differ from earlier hospitalizations.MethodsThis cross-sectional study compared Medicare Part A and B beneficiaries aged 65 and older with a qualifying PD diagnosis who were hospitalized in 2017: decedents who died between 7/1/2017 and 12/31/2017 from all causes and were hospitalized at least once in their last 6 months of life, and non-decedents who were hospitalized between 1/1/2017 and 6/30/2017 and lived 6 or more months after discharge. End-of-life (EoL) hospitalizations were defined as those occurring in the last 6 months of life. Descriptive analyses compared patient-level variables (e.g., demographics, comorbidities, treatment intensity) and encounter-level variables (e.g., length of stay, total charges) between groups. Multivariable logistic regression models also compared rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day readmission between hospitalized decedents and hospitalized non-decedents, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, rural residence, and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score.ResultsOf 26,492 Medicare decedents with PD, 16,187 (61.1%) were hospitalized in their last 6 months of life. Of 347,512 non-decedents with PD, 62,851 (18.1%) were hospitalized in a 6-month period. Hospitalized decedents were slightly older than hospitalized non-decedents (82.3 [SD 7.40] vs. 79.5 [SD 7.54] years) and had significantly more comorbidities. Compared to non-EoL hospitalizations, EoL hospitalizations were slightly longer (5 [IQR 3–9] vs. 4 [IQR 3–7] days) and more expensive based on total charges per admission ($36,323 [IQR 20,091-69,048] vs. $32,309 [IQR 18,789–57,756]). In covariate-adjusted regression models using hospitalized non-decedents as the reference group, hospitalized decedents were more likely to experience an ICU admission (AOR 2.36; CI 2.28–2.45) and 30-day readmission (AOR 2.43; CI 2.34–2.54).DiscussionHospitalizations occurring in the last 6 months of life among persons with PD in the United States are longer, more costly, and more resource intensive than earlier hospitalizations and may stem from medical comorbidities. Once hospitalized, ICU admission and 30-day readmission may aid in prognostication and serve as markers of transition to the EoL period.
Published: 2023
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236. Targeted sequencing and in vitro splice assays shed light on ABCA4-associated retinopathies missing heritability

Author: Zelia Corradi, Mubeen Khan, Rebekkah Hitti-Malin, Ketan Mishra, Laura Whelan, Stéphanie S. Cornelis, Carel B. Hoyng, Kati Kämpjärvi, Caroline C.W. Klaver, Petra Liskova, Heidi Stöhr, Bernhard H.F. Weber, Sandro Banfi, G. Jane Farrar, Dror Sharon, Jana Zernant, Rando Allikmets, Claire-Marie Dhaenens, and Frans P.M. Cremers
Subjects: ABCA4, ABCA4-associated retinopathies, missing heritability, smMIPs sequencing, deep-intronic variants, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Summary: The ABCA4 gene is the most frequently mutated Mendelian retinopathy-associated gene. Biallelic variants lead to a variety of phenotypes, however, for thousands of cases the underlying variants remain unknown. Here, we aim to shed further light on the missing heritability of ABCA4-associated retinopathy by analyzing a large cohort of macular dystrophy probands. A total of 858 probands were collected from 26 centers, of whom 722 carried no or one pathogenic ABCA4 variant, while 136 cases carried two ABCA4 alleles, one of which was a frequent mild variant, suggesting that deep-intronic variants (DIVs) or other cis-modifiers might have been missed. After single molecule molecular inversion probes (smMIPs)-based sequencing of the complete 128-kb ABCA4 locus, the effect of putative splice variants was assessed in vitro by midigene splice assays in HEK293T cells. The breakpoints of copy number variants (CNVs) were determined by junction PCR and Sanger sequencing. ABCA4 sequence analysis solved 207 of 520 (39.8%) naive or unsolved cases and 70 of 202 (34.7%) monoallelic cases, while additional causal variants were identified in 54 of 136 (39.7%) probands carrying two variants. Seven novel DIVs and six novel non-canonical splice site variants were detected in a total of 35 alleles and characterized, including the c.6283-321C>G variant leading to a complex splicing defect. Additionally, four novel CNVs were identified and characterized in five alleles. These results confirm that smMIPs-based sequencing of the complete ABCA4 gene provides a cost-effective method to genetically solve retinopathy cases and that several rare structural and splice altering defects remain undiscovered in Stargardt disease cases.
Published: 2023
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237. Evaluation of novel data-driven metrics of amyloid β deposition for longitudinal PET studies

Author: Ariane Bollack, Pawel J Markiewicz, Alle Meije Wink, Lloyd Prosser, Johan Lilja, Pierrick Bourgeat, Jonathan M Schott, William Coath, Lyduine E Collij, Hugh G Pemberton, Gill Farrar, Frederik Barkhof, and David M Cash
Subjects: Quantification, Longitudinal, Machine learning, Amyloid, PET, Alzheimer's, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Purpose: Positron emission tomography (PET) provides in vivo quantification of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Established methods for assessing Aβ burden can be affected by physiological and technical factors. Novel, data-driven metrics have been developed to account for these sources of variability. We aimed to evaluate the performance of four of these amyloid PET metrics against conventional techniques, using a common set of criteria. Methods: Three cohorts were used for evaluation: Insight 46 (N=464, [18F]florbetapir), AIBL (N=277, [18F]flutemetamol), and an independent test-retest data (N=10, [18F]flutemetamol). Established metrics of amyloid tracer uptake included the Centiloid (CL) and where dynamic data was available, the non-displaceable binding potential (BPND). The four data-driven metrics computed were the amyloid load (Aβ load), the Aβ-PET pathology accumulation index (Aβ index), the Centiloid derived from non-negative matrix factorisation (CLNMF), and the amyloid pattern similarity score (AMPSS). These metrics were evaluated using reliability and repeatability in test-retest data, associations with BPND and CL, variability of the rate of change and sample size estimates to detect a 25% slowing in Aβ accumulation. Results: All metrics showed good reliability. Aβ load, Aβ index and CLNMF were strong associated with the BPND. The associations with CL suggest that cross-sectional measures of CLNMF, Aβ index and Aβ load are robust across studies. Sample size estimates for secondary prevention trial scenarios were the lowest for CLNMF and Aβ load compared to the CL. Conclusion: Among the novel data-driven metrics evaluated, the Aβ load, the Aβ index and the CLNMF can provide comparable performance to more established quantification methods of Aβ PET tracer uptake. The CLNMF and Aβ load could offer a more precise alternative to CL, although further studies in larger cohorts should be conducted.
Published: 2023
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238. Prophylactic Common Peroneal Nerve Release for Total Arthroplasty of the Valgus Knee: Surgical Technique and Early Outcomes

Author: Morgan Villa, BS, Jacob Farrar, MD, Kevin Larkin, MD, Jibanananda Satpathy, MD, Jonathan Isaacs, MD, and Nirav Patel, MD, FRCS
Subjects: Arthroplasty, Valgus, Common peroneal nerve, Prophylactic nerve release, Deformity, Flexion contracture, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: Background: Common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy after primary total knee arthroplasty represents a relatively rare but serious complication. Recently, there has been a growing interest in prophylactic CPN decompression in high-risk patients with significant combined valgus and flexion deformity. This study aimed to examine outcomes at our institution in those undergoing prophylactic CPN decompression at the time of total knee arthroplasty. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of a single-institution experience with selected patients at high risk for CPN palsy who underwent prophylactic nerve decompression through a separate incision at the time total knee arthroplasty was performed between July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2022. Patient demographics as well as perioperative and intraoperative clinical and radiographic measurements were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 14 patients (15 knees) met our inclusion criteria. The mean preoperative femorotibial angle was 18.6° of valgus (range 13°-22°). The mean preoperative flexion contracture was 4.3° (range 0°-25°). The patients with flexion contractures preoperatively had a mean combined valgus/flexion contracture deformity of 28.8° (range 23°-38°) . There was preservation of nerve function in all knees. No knees required subsequent operative intervention within 90 days of surgery. Conclusions: Early experience with prophylactic CPN release in our high-risk population demonstrates preservation of nerve function in all patients and is reasonable to consider in patients with a large preoperative combined valgus/flexion deformity. Further studies with larger sample sizes would be beneficial in verification of the results with this technique, as well as determining an angular deformity threshold for which CPN release should be considered.
Published: 2023
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239. Carsharing's Impact and Future

Author: Shaheen, Susan, PhD, Cohen, Adam, and Farrar, Emily
Subjects: Carsharing, Shared mobility, Mobility on Demand (MOD), Mobility as a Service (MaaS), Shared automated electric vehicles (SAEVs)
Abstract: Carsharing provides members access to a fleet of autos for short-term use throughout the day, reducing the need for one or more personal vehicles. This chapter reviews key terms and definitions for carsharing, common carsharing business models, and existing impact studies. Next, the chapter discusses the commodification and aggregation of mobility services and the role of Mobility on Demand (MOD) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS) on carsharing. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of how the convergence of electrification and automation is changing carsharing, leading to shared automated and electric vehicle (SAEV) fleets.
Published: 2019

240. The Pierre Auger Observatory: Contributions to the 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2019)

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E. M., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Mezek, G. Kukec, Awad, A. Kuotb, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiedeński, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Contributions of the Pierre Auger Collaboration to the 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2019), 24 July - 1 August 2019, Madison, Wisconsin, USA., Comment: compendium of 29 proceedings for the ICRC 2019
Published: 2019

241. Suppression of superconductivity and enhanced critical field anisotropy in thin flakes of FeSe

Author: Farrar, Liam, Bristow, Matthew, Haghighirad, Amir A., McCollam, Alix, Bending, Simon J., and Coldea, Amalia I.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: FeSe is a unique superconductor that can be manipulated to enhance its superconductivity using different routes while its monolayer form grown on different substrates reaches a record high temperature for a two-dimensional system. In order to understand the role played by the substrate and the reduced dimensionality on superconductivity, we examine the superconducting properties of exfoliated FeSe thin flakes by reducing the thickness from bulk down towards 9 nm. Magnetotransport measurements performed in magnetic fields up to 16T and temperatures down to 2K help to build up complete superconducting phase diagrams of different thickness flakes. While the thick flakes resemble the bulk behaviour, by reducing the thickness the superconductivity of FeSe flakes is suppressed. In the thin limit we detect signatures of a crossover towards two-dimensional behaviour from the observation of the vortex-antivortex unbinding transition and strongly enhanced anisotropy. Our study provides detailed insights into the evolution of the superconducting properties from three-dimensional bulk behaviour towards the two-dimensional limit of FeSe in the absence of a dopant substrate., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2019
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242. Leveraging Acoustic Cues and Paralinguistic Embeddings to Detect Expression from Voice

Author: Mitra, Vikramjit, Booker, Sue, Marchi, Erik, Farrar, David Scott, Peitz, Ute Dorothea, Cheng, Bridget, Teves, Ermine, Mehta, Anuj, and Naik, Devang
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: Millions of people reach out to digital assistants such as Siri every day, asking for information, making phone calls, seeking assistance, and much more. The expectation is that such assistants should understand the intent of the users query. Detecting the intent of a query from a short, isolated utterance is a difficult task. Intent cannot always be obtained from speech-recognized transcriptions. A transcription driven approach can interpret what has been said but fails to acknowledge how it has been said, and as a consequence, may ignore the expression present in the voice. Our work investigates whether a system can reliably detect vocal expression in queries using acoustic and paralinguistic embedding. Results show that the proposed method offers a relative equal error rate (EER) decrease of 60% compared to a bag-of-word based system, corroborating that expression is significantly represented by vocal attributes, rather than being purely lexical. Addition of emotion embedding helped to reduce the EER by 30% relative to the acoustic embedding, demonstrating the relevance of emotion in expressive voice., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2019

243. Probing the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with neutrinos in the EeV energy range using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E. M., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Awad, A. Kuotb, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Porowski, C., Pothast, M., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Bodegom, P., Berg, A. M. van den, van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiedeński, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Neutrinos with energies above $10^{17}$ eV are detectable with the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The identification is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, as well as for Earth-skimming $\tau$ neutrinos with nearly tangential trajectories relative to the earth. No neutrino candidates were found in $\sim\,14.7$ years of data taken up to 31 August 2018. This leads to restrictive upper bounds on their flux. The $90\%$ C.L. single-flavor limit to the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an $E_\nu^{-2}$ spectrum in the energy range $1.0 \times 10^{17}~{\rm eV} - 2.5 \times 10^{19}~{\rm eV}$ is $E^2 {\rm d}N_\nu/{\rm d}E_\nu < 4.4 \times 10^{-9}~{\rm GeV~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}~sr^{-1}}$, placing strong constraints on several models of neutrino production at EeV energies and on the properties of the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays., Comment: Published version, 27 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2019
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244. Limits on point-like sources of ultra-high-energy neutrinos with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Choi, K., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Matteo, A., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E. M., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Awad, A. Kuotb, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Nellen, L., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Porowski, C., Pothast, M., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Bodegom, P., Berg, A. M. van den, van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiedeński, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: With the Surface Detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can detect neutrinos with energy between $10^{17}\,$eV and $10^{20}\,$eV from point-like sources across the sky, from close to the Southern Celestial Pole up to $60^\circ$ in declination, with peak sensitivities at declinations around $\sim -53^\circ$ and $\sim+55^\circ$, and an unmatched sensitivity for arrival directions in the Northern hemisphere. A search has been performed for highly-inclined air showers induced by neutrinos of all flavours with no candidate events found in data taken between 1 Jan 2004 and 31 Aug 2018. Upper limits on the neutrino flux from point-like steady sources have been derived as a function of source declination. An unrivaled sensitivity is achieved in searches for transient sources with emission lasting over an hour or less, if they occur within the field of view corresponding to the zenith angle range between $60^\circ$ and $~95^\circ$ where the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory is most sensitive to neutrinos., Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2019
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245. Progress towards characterizing ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources

Author: Muzio, Marco Stein, Unger, Michael, and Farrar, Glennys R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We use a multimessenger approach to constrain realistic mixed composition models of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray sources using the latest cosmic ray, neutrino, and gamma-ray data. We build on the successful Unger-Farrar-Anchordoqui 2015 (UFA15) model which explains the shape of the spectrum and its complex composition evolution via photodisintegration of accelerated nuclei in the photon field surrounding the source. We explore the constraints which can currently be placed on the redshift evolution of sources and the temperature of the photon field surrounding the sources. We show that a good fit is obtained to all data either with a source which accelerates a narrow range of nuclear masses or a Milky Way-like mix of nuclear compositions, but in the latter case the nearest source should be 30-50 Mpc away from the Milky Way in order to fit observations from the Pierre Auger Observatory. We also ask whether the data allow for a subdominant purely protonic component at UHE in addition to the primary UFA15 mixed composition component. We find that such a two-component model can significantly improve the fit to cosmic ray data while being compatible with current multimessenger data., Comment: Fixed 26% normalization error, conclusions remain unchanged
Published: 2019
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246. Multi-Messenger Physics with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Luz, R. J. Barreira, Baur, S., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Biteau, J., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Calcagni, L., Cancio, A., Canfora, F., Carceller, J. M., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Salles, F. O. de Oliveira, de Souza, V., Debatin, J., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorosti, Q., Anjos, R. C. dos, Dova, M. T., Dundovic, A., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Ferreyro, L. P., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., García, B., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Halliday, R., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Holt, E. M., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hulsman, J., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, J., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Kuempel, D., Mezek, G. Kukec, Awad, A. Kuotb, Lago, B. L., LaHurd, D., Lang, R. G., Legumina, R., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lippmann, O. C., Presti, D. Lo, Lopes, L., López, R., Casado, A. López, Lorek, R., Luce, Q., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merenda, K. -D., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Mockler, D., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Morlino, G., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Nellen, L., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A, Núñez, L. A., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panetta, M. P., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pech, M., Pedreira, F., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira, L. A. S., Perlin, M., Perrone, L., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Phuntsok, J., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Poh, J., Pont, B., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Ramos-Pollan, R., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schröder, S., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Souchard, J., Squartini, R., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Stolpovskiy, M., Streich, A., Suarez, F., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šupík, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taboada, A., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Elipe, G. Torralba, Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Bodegom, P., Berg, A. M. van den, van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Villaseñor, L., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weindl, A., Wiedeński, M., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wirtz, M., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yang, L., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., and Zuccarello, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: An overview of the multi-messenger capabilities of the Pierre Auger Observatory is presented. The techniques and performance of searching for Ultra-High Energy neutrinos, photons and neutrons are described. Some of the most relevant results are reviewed, such as stringent upper bounds that were placed to a flux of diffuse cosmogenic neutrinos and photons, bounds placed on neutrinos emitted from compact binary mergers that were detected by LIGO and Virgo during their first and second observing runs, as well as searches for high energy photons and neutrons from the Galactic center that constrain the properties of the putative Galactic PeVatron, observed by the H.E.S.S.\ collaboration. The observation of directional correlations between ultra-high energy cosmic rays and either high energy astrophysical neutrinos or specific source populations, weighted by their electromagnetic radiation, are also discussed. They constitute additional multi-messenger approaches aimed at identifying the sources of high energy cosmic rays., Comment: 28 pages, 7 figures, Review published in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
Published: 2019
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247. Antisymmetric magnetoresistance in van der Waals Fe3GeTe2/graphite/Fe3GeTe2 tri-layer heterostructures

Author: Albarakati, Sultan, Tan, Cheng, Chen, Zhong-Jia, Partridge, James G., Zheng, Guolin, Farrar, Lawrence, Mayes, Edwin L. H., Field, Matthew R., Lee, Changgu, Wang, Yihao, Xiong, Yiming, Tian, Mingliang, Xiang, Feixiang, Hamilton, Alex R., Tretiakov, Oleg A., Culcer, Dimitrie, Zhao, Yu-Jun, and Wang, Lan
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: Van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic materials are rapidly establishing themselves as effective building blocks for next generation spintronic devices. When layered with non-magnetic vdW materials, such as graphene and/or topological insulators, vdW heterostructures can be assembled (with no requirement for lattice matching) to provide otherwise unattainable device structures and functionalities. We report a hitherto rarely seen antisymmetric magnetoresistance (MR) effect in van der Waals heterostructured Fe3GeTe2/graphite/Fe3GeTe2 devices. Unlike conventional giant magnetoresistance (GMR) which is characterized by two resistance states, the MR in these vdW heterostructures features distinct high, intermediate and low resistance states. This unique characteristic is suggestive of underlying physical mechanisms that differ from those observed before. After theoretical calculations, the three resistance behavior was attributed to a spin momentum locking induced spin polarized current at the graphite/FGT interface. Our work reveals that ferromagnetic heterostructures assembled from vdW materials can exhibit substantially different properties to those exhibited by similar heterostructures grown in vacuum. Hence, it highlights the potential for new physics and new spintronic applications to be discovered using vdW heterostructures., Comment: 35 pages (Accepted by Science Advances)
Published: 2019
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248. CEST MR-Fingerprinting: practical considerations and insights for acquisition schedule design and improved reconstruction

Author: Perlman, Or, Herz, Kai, Zaiss, Moritz, Cohen, Ouri, Rosen, Matthew S., and Farrar, Christian T.
Subjects: Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract: Purpose: To understand the influence of various acquisition parameters on the ability of CEST MR-Fingerprinting (MRF) to discriminate different chemical exchange parameters and to provide tools for optimal acquisition schedule design and parameter map reconstruction. Methods: Numerical simulations were conducted using a parallel-computing implementation of the Bloch-McConnell equations, examining the effect of TR, TE, flip-angle, water T$_{1}$ and T$_{2}$, saturation-pulse duration, power, and frequency on the discrimination ability of CEST-MRF. A modified Euclidean-distance matching metric was evaluated and compared to traditional dot-product matching. L-Arginine phantoms of various concentrations and pH were scanned at 4.7T and the results compared to numerical findings. Results: Simulations for dot-product matching demonstrated that the optimal flip-angle and saturation times are 30$^{\circ}$ and 1100 ms, respectively. The optimal maximal saturation power was 3.4 $\mu$T for concentrated solutes with a slow exchange-rate, and 5.2 $\mu$T for dilute solutes with medium-to-fast exchange-rates. Using the Euclidean-distance matching metric, much lower maximum saturation powers were required (1.6 and 2.4 $\mu$T, respectively), with a slightly longer saturation time (1500 ms) and 90$^{\circ}$ flip-angle. For both matching metrics, the discrimination ability increased with the repetition time. The experimental results were in agreement with simulations, demonstrating that more than a 50% reduction in scan-time can be achieved by Euclidean-distance-based matching. Conclusion: Optimization of the CEST-MRF acquisition schedule is critical for obtaining the best exchange parameter accuracy. The use of Euclidean-distance-based matching of signal trajectories simultaneously improved the discrimination ability and reduced the scan time and maximal saturation power required., Comment: Word count in text body: 4979; Figures: 8; Tables: 2; Supplementary figures: 1
Published: 2019
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249. Comment on the paper 'Calorimetric Dark Matter Detection with Galactic Center Gas Clouds'

Author: Farrar, Glennys R., Lockman, Felix J., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., and Wadekar, Digvijay
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The paper "Calorimetric Dark Matter Detection with Galactic Center Gas Clouds" (Bhoonah et al. 2018) aims to derive limits on dark matter interactions by demanding that heat transfer due to DM interactions is less than that by astrophysical cooling, using clouds in the hot, high-velocity nuclear outflow wind of the Milky Way ($T_{wind} \sim 10^{6-7}$ K, $V_{wind} \sim$ 330 km/s). We argue that clouds in such an extreme environment cannot be assumed to be stable over the long timescales associated with their radiative cooling rates. Furthermore, Bhoonah et al. (2018) uses incorrect parameters for their clouds., Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure. Version appearing in Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2019
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250. Gas-rich dwarf galaxies as a new probe of dark matter interactions with ordinary matter

Author: Wadekar, Digvijay and Farrar, Glennys R.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We use observations of gas-rich dwarf galaxies to derive constraints on dark matter scattering with ordinary matter. We require that heating/cooling due to DM interacting with gas in the Leo T dwarf galaxy not exceed the ultra-low radiative cooling rate of the gas. This enables us to set $(i)$ stronger bounds than all the previous literature on ultra-light hidden photon DM for nearly all of the mass range $10^{-23}\lesssim m_\mathrm{DM} \lesssim 10^{-10}$ eV, $(ii)$ limits on sub-GeV millicharged DM which add to the constraints on the recent EDGES 21cm absorption anomaly, and $(iii)$ constraints on DM-baryon interactions directly at low relative velocities $v_\mathrm{rel}\sim 17$ km/s. Our study opens a new direction at using observations of gas-rich dwarf galaxies from previous, current and upcoming optical and 21cm surveys to probe physics beyond the standard model., Comment: 5+10 pages, 4+6 figures. Version appearing in PRD. Title and abstract revised to reflect the primary message of the paper. Minor changes to figures, conclusions unchanged. The code associated with this paper is available at https://github.com/JayWadekar/Gas_rich_dwarfs
Published: 2019
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