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The California Arbovirus Surveillance Program was initiated over 50 years ago to track endemic encephalitides and was enhanced in 2000 to include West Nile virus (WNV) infections in humans, mosquitoes, sentinel chickens, dead birds and horses. This comprehensive statewide program is a function of strong partnerships among the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), the University of California, and local vector control and public health agencies. This manuscript summarizes WNV surveillance data in California since WNV was first detected in 2003 in southern California. From 2003 through 2018, 6,909 human cases of WNV disease, inclusive of 326 deaths, were reported to CDPH, as well as 730 asymptomatic WNV infections identified during screening of blood and organ donors. Of these, 4,073 (59.0%) were reported as West Nile neuroinvasive disease. California's WNV disease burden comprised 15% of all cases that were reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during this time, more than any other state. Additionally, 1,299 equine WNV cases were identified, along with detections of WNV in 23,322 dead birds, 31,695 mosquito pools, and 7,340 sentinel chickens. Annual enzootic detection of WNV typically preceded detection in humans and prompted enhanced intervention to reduce the risk of WNV transmission. Peak WNV activity occurred from July through October in the Central Valley and southern California. Less than five percent of WNV activity occurred in other regions of the state or outside of this time. WNV continues to be a major threat to public and wild avian health in California, particularly in southern California and the Central Valley during summer and early fall months. Local and state public health partners must continue statewide human and mosquito surveillance and facilitate effective mosquito control and bite prevention measures.

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a flavivirus that circulates in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes and can also infect humans to cause febrile disease and sometimes encephalitis. Although SLEV is endemic to the United States, no activity was detected in California during the years 2004 through 2014, despite continuous surveillance in mosquitoes and sentinel chickens. In 2015, SLEV-positive mosquito pools were detected in Maricopa County, Arizona, concurrent with an outbreak of human SLEV disease. SLEV-positive mosquito pools were also detected in southeastern California and Nevada in summer 2015. From 2016 to 2018, SLEV was detected in mosquito pools throughout southern and central California, Oregon, Idaho, and Texas. To understand genetic relatedness and geographic dispersal of SLEV in the western United States since 2015, we sequenced four historical genomes (3 from California and 1 from Louisiana) and 26 contemporary SLEV genomes from mosquito pools from locations across the western US. Bayesian phylogeographic approaches were then applied to map the recent spread of SLEV. Three routes of SLEV dispersal in the western United States were identified: Arizona to southern California, Arizona to Central California, and Arizona to all locations east of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Given the topography of the Western United States, these routes may have been limited by mountain ranges that influence the movement of avian reservoirs and mosquito vectors, which probably represents the primary mechanism of SLEV dispersal. Our analysis detected repeated SLEV introductions from Arizona into southern California and limited evidence of year-to-year persistence of genomes of the same ancestry. By contrast, genetic tracing suggests that all SLEV activity since 2015 in central California is the result of a single persistent SLEV introduction. The identification of natural barriers that influence SLEV dispersal enhances our understanding of arbovirus ecology in the western United States and may also support regional public health agencies in implementing more targeted vector mitigation efforts to protect their communities more effectively.

Abstract Background Unhealthy behaviors of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients are closely related to the occurrence of major heart events, which increases the readmission rate and brings a heavy economic burden to families and society. Therefore, it is necessary for health care workers to take active preventive and therapeutic measures to keep or establish healthy behaviors of patients. Positive psychological intervention has been proved to be effective, but it has not been reported in the field of CHD in China. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of positive event recording based on positive psychology on the healthy behaviors, readmission rate, and anxiety of patients with CHD, in order to provide new ideas for the development of secondary prevention strategies for CHD. Methods This is a prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT). The subjects will be enrolled from the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. There are 80 cases in total; according to the random number table, the subjects are randomly divided into the intervention group (n = 40) and the control group (n = 40). The patients in the intervention group will receive the intervention of recording positive events once a week for 3 months, while the patients in the control group receive conventional nursing. The primary outcomes will include healthy behaviors, readmission rate, and anxiety, and the secondary outcomes will include psychological capital, subjective well-being, and corresponding clinical laboratory indicators. The protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Soochow University (approval no. SUDA20200604H01) and is performed in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki formulated by the World Medical Association. All participants provide written informed consent. Discussion This study will verify whether positive event recording based on positive psychology can make patients maintain healthy behaviors, reduce readmission rate, and improve anxiety after PCI. Then, this study will provide new ideas and references for the development of secondary prevention strategies for patients with CHD. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trials Registry 2000034538. Registered on 10 July 2020.

In a sample of 455 Taiwanese upper-secondary school students, latent variable structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships between beliefs about knowledge in science, beliefs about justification for knowing in science, and justification of knowledge claims concerning science encountered on the Internet. Results indicated that participants displayed adaptive beliefs in the tentative and evolving nature of scientific knowledge while their beliefs about justification for knowing in science seemed somewhat less adaptive. Further, their self-reports of Internet-specific justification of knowledge claims suggested that they did not strongly believe that science information posted on the Internet needed to be carefully evaluated. The structural equation modeling indicated that beliefs in the tentative and evolving nature of scientific knowledge had direct positive relationships with beliefs in justification by research-based authority and justification by multiple sources in science, which, in turn, mediated the relationships between beliefs in tentative and evolving knowledge and adaptive beliefs about Internet-specific justification of knowledge claims. Beliefs in the unambiguous, certain nature of scientific knowledge had a direct positive relationship with beliefs in justification by school-based authority (i.e., the science teacher and the science textbook), but beliefs in justification by school-based authority were not related to Internet-specific justification beliefs. We highlight the unique contributions of this study to the field of epistemic belief and science education research, and its theoretical and educational implications are discussed.

After discovering the molecular changes leading to cancer occurrence and progression, the revolutionary changes have occurred in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . The targeted therapy has become the first-line treatment for the advanced NSCLC patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene. With the rapid development of targeted drugs, the clinical studies on uncommon mutations or fusions of ROS1, MET, RET, HER2 and BRAF V600E in NSCLC are progressing rapidly, providing more options and opportunities for treatment in the patients with NSCLC.

The production of simulated datasets for use by physics analyses consumes a large fraction of ATLAS computing resources, a problem that will only get worse as increases in the instantaneous luminosity provided by the LHC lead to more collisions per bunch crossing (pile-up). One of the more resource-intensive steps in the Monte Carlo production is reconstructing the tracks in the ATLAS Inner Detector, which takes up about 60% of the total detector reconstruction time. This talk discusses a novel technique called track overlay, which substantially speeds up the Inner Detector reconstruction. In track overlay the pile-up Inner Detector tracks are reconstructed ahead of time and overlaid onto the Inner Detector tracks from the simulated hard-scatter event. We present our implementation of this track overlay approach as part of the ATLAS Fast Chain simulation, as well as a method for deciding in which cases it is possible to use track overlay in the reconstruction of simulated data without performance degradation, and in which it is preferable to use the current approach.

[Purpose/Significance] Open Science, as a revolutionary system engineering, is faced up with many challenges in its evolution, for which it needs to break through the limitations of multiple barriers between nations, expertise, narrow interests, and among others. [Method/Process] China had made continuous efforts in innovating the scientific-research incentive system, creating an open scientific environment, and strengthening organizational and platform construction support. In the process of accelerating the full implementation of the values of open science, namely "freedom, openness, cooperation and sharing", and continuously deepening the all-round cooperation with international organizations including UNESCO by establishing and operating Category II centers, through which it had accumulated experience in cooperating with international organizations to promote the development open science. [Result/Conclusion] Its successful practice proves the effectiveness of open science as a non-market incentive mechanism for scientific and technological development and innovation, reflects the unique advantages of UNESCO in leading the development of open science, and facilitates to create a positive oriented global cooperation model for the development of open science by the participation of international organizations. The summary of its experience will help guide China to give better play to China's overall institutional advantages within the mechanism framework of "1 + 1 > 2" in the future, realizing "to win the race by overtaking on a bend" in the process of solving problems and tapping potentials, so as to open up a new path of open and scientific development with Chinese characteristics.