Search

In the dynamic data stream,due to its instability and the existence of concept drift,the ensemble classification model needs the ability to adapt to the new environment in time.At present,the weight of the base classifier is usually updated by using the supervision information,so as to give higher weight to the base classifier suitable for the current environment.However,supervision information cannot be obtained immediately in a real data stream environment.In order to solve this problem,this paper presents a data stream ensemble classification algorithm,which updates the weight of the base classifier through information entropy.Firstly,the random feature subspace is used to initialize each base classifier to construct the ensemble classifier.Secondly,a new base classifier is constructed based on each new data block to replace the base classifier with the lowest weight in the ensemble.Then,the weight update strategy based on information entropy will update the weights in the base classifier in real time.Finally,the base classifier that meets the requirements participates in weighted voting to obtain the classification result.Comparing the proposed algorithm with several other classic learning algorithms,the experimental results show that the proposed me-thod has obvious advantages in classification accuracy and is suitable for various types of concept drift environments.

Ganoderma lingzhi, a species of white rot fungus, possesses the highest abundance of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes among these fungi, as well as a relatively high carbon conversion rate. Corn straw, as an important sustainable resource, is used as a substrate for the liquid culture of G. lingzhi. However, little is known about the genes encoding the lignocellulose degradation and polysaccharide and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways involved in this process. This paper employs transcriptomics to uncover the key genes involved in lignocellulose degradation and the synthesis of polysaccharides and triterpenoids during the liquid fermentation of G. lingzhi using corn straw as the substrate, as well as their associations. Carbohydrate-Active enzymes analysis of differential genes in the sequencing results was used to analyze the genes related to lignocellulose degradation. Among these, 43 core genes encoding CAZymes were obtained after 0 to 5 days of fermentation, and 25 core genes encoding CAZymes were obtained after 5 to 12 days of fermentation. The differential expression levels of DN3690_c0_g1 (EGL), DN3627_c0_g2 (XYN), DN4778_c0_g1 (XYN), DN2037_c0_g1 (LACC), and DN277_c2_g1 (MnP) were used to identify the key genes. The polysaccharide synthesis metabolic pathway favored mannitol synthesis, and the expression of triterpene precursor-metabolizing enzyme genes revealed higher expression levels of key enzyme genes such as ACAT, HMGS, and MPK. A correlation clustering analysis of genes related to lignocellulose degradation, polysaccharide, and triterpene anabolism during liquid fermentation showed that lignocellulose degradation genes mainly influenced arabinose and mannitol anabolism, as well as the synthesis of triterpene precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Meal timing has been associated with metabolism and cardiovascular diseases; however, the relationship between meal timing and sleep quality remains inconclusive. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between meal timing and sleep quality from a chronobiological perspective. Methods: This study utilized data from the NHANES for the years 2005–2008, including a cohort of 7,023 participants after applying exclusion criteria. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Meal timing was analyzed based on two 24-hour dietary recalls from each individual, considering the timing of the initial and final meals, meal duration, and frequency of meal occasions. Multiple linear regression models and hierarchical analyses were employed to examine the relationship between meal timing and PSQI scores, adjusting for various demographic and habitat covariates. Results: Statistical analysis revealed a positive correlation between delayed meal timings, increased meal occasions, and elevated PSQI scores, indicating that later meal timing are intricately linked with diminished sleep quality. Both later meal timings and more frequent meal occasions were significantly associated with poorer sleep quality. Compared to the first tertile, the β (95%CI) values of the third tertile were 0.545 (0.226, 0.864) for first meal timing, 0.586 (0.277, 0.896) for midpoint meal timing, 0.385 (0.090, 0.680) for last meal timing, and 0.332 (0.021, 0.642) for meal occasions in the adjusted models. Conclusion: These findings suggest that late initial, midpoint, and final meal timing, as well as more frequent meal occasions, are chrono-nutrition patterns associated with poor sleep quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto spirulina protein isolate (SPPI), a novel raw material, to increase its water resistance and create an eco-friendly wood adhesive. Papain used as the denaturing agent in the grafting procedure and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the radical polymerization initiator. Based on the water-resistant bonding strength of the grafted polymer, the factors that affect the grafting reaction were analyzed and the reactive conditions were optimized single-factor experiments. According to the most optimum reaction conditions and the optimal preparation conditions, the SPPI-GMA adhesive showed that the wet strength 1.45 MPa was improved around 210% (the dry strength improved around 100%) compared to the untreated SPPI. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),13C-Nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the GMA had been grafted on the SPPI successfully. In addition, the cure temperature of SPPI-GMA adhesive was analyzed by the Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thus, the SPPI- GMA adhesive has the potential to be applied to the wood industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene materials have emerged as promising candidates for solving sustainable energy storage solutions due to their unique properties and versatility. MXene materials can not only be used directly as electrode materials but can also be used as functional materials to solve problems such as poor conductivity of electrode materials, severe volume expansion, dendrites, and dissolution of electrode materials. This perspective paper explores the potential applications of MXene materials for sustainable energy storage solutions, emphasizing their distinct characteristics and applications across various domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important oilseed crop widely cultivated for its oil and fiber. This study conducted transcriptome analysis to analyze the gene expression profiles of roots, leaves, stamens, pistils, and fruits in the flax cultivar Longya10. A total of 43,471 genes were detected in the RNA-seq data, with 34,497 genes showing differential expression levels between different organs. Gene expression patterns varied across different organs, with differences observed in expression-regulating genes within specific organs. However, 23,448 genes were found to be commonly expressed across all organs. Further analysis revealed organ-specific gene expressions, with 236, 690, 544, 909, and 1212 genes identified in pistils, fruits, leaves, roots, and stamens, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed on these organ-specific genes, and significant enrichment was observed in various biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, providing new insights for the specific growth patterns of flax organs. Furthermore, we investigated the expression differences of AP2 transcription factors in various tissues and organs of Longya10. We identified 96 AP2 genes that were differentially expressed in different organs and annotated them into various biological pathways. Our results suggest that AP2 transcription factors may play important roles in regulating the growth and development of flax organs including stress response. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns in different organs and tissues of flax plant and identifies potential critical regulators of flax organ growth and development. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying flax organ development and may have important implications for the genetic improvement of flax crops.

Drought stress is a common environmental challenge that plants face, severely constraining plant growth and reducing crop yield and quality. Several studies have highlighted distinct responses between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. However, the mechanisms underlying flax tolerance to abiotic stress, such as drought, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and the genome-wide gene expression of oil flax and fiber flax in response to drought stress. The results revealed that drought stress caused significant wilting of flax leaves. Within the first 24 h of stress, various physiological and biochemical characteristics exhibited rapid responses. These included fresh weight, relative water content (RWC), proline, soluble protein, soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in the leaves or roots of flax. Additionally, drought stress led to a significant rise in lignin content in fiber flax. In addition, the transcriptome analysis demonstrated genome-wide variations in gene expression induced by drought stress. Specifically, genes associated with photosynthesis, proline biosynthesis, and phytohormone metabolism exhibited significant differences in expression levels under stress conditions in flax. These findings highlight the rapid response of flax to drought stress within a short-term period. Our experiment also revealed that, although there were variations in the levels of small compound content or gene expression between Longya10 and Fany under drought stress, most stress-resistance responses were similar. Furthermore, the results provide additional evidence supporting the existence of mechanisms underlying the response to drought stress in plants.

Amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its active mutant EGFRvIII occurs frequently in glioblastoma (GBM). While EGFR and EGFRvIII play critical roles in pathogenesis, targeted therapy with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or antibodies has only shown limited efficacy in patients. Here we discuss signaling pathways mediated by EGFR/EGFRvIII, current therapeutics, and novel strategies to target EGFR/EGFRvIII-amplified GBM.

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive adult brain cancer. Tumors show frequent dysregulation of the PI3K-mTOR pathway. Although a number of small molecules target the PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis, their preclinical and clinical efficacy has been limited. Reasons for treatment failure include poor penetration of agents into the brain and observations that blockade of PI3K or AKT minimally affects downstream mTOR activity in glioma. Clinical trials using allosteric mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and rapalogs) to treat patients with glioblastoma have also been unsuccessful or uncertain, in part, because rapamycin inefficiently blocks the mTORC1 target 4EBP1 and feeds back to activate PI3K-AKT signaling. Inhibitors of the mTOR kinase (TORKi) such as TAK-228/MLN0128 interact orthosterically with the ATP- and substrate-binding pocket of mTOR kinase, efficiently block 4EBP1 in vitro, and are currently being investigated in the clinical trials. Preclinical studies suggest that TORKi have poor residence times of mTOR kinase, and our data suggest that this poor pharmacology translates into disappointing efficacy in glioblastoma xenografts. RapaLink-1, a TORKi linked to rapamycin, represents a drug with improved pharmacology against 4EBP1. In this review, we clarify the importance of 4EBP1 as a biomarker for the efficacy of PI3K-AKT-mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma. We also review mechanistic data by which RapaLink-1 blocks p-4EBP1 and discuss future clinical strategies for 4EBP1 inhibition in glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 14-21. ©2017 AACR.

Columnar jointed rock mass with unique joint network structure is a special type of jointed rock mass, which is a binary structure composed of high strength ‘basalt block’ and specific ‘dominant joint’. Relaxation, opening and slippage of columnar jointed surfaces and disintegration of columns occur easily during excavation under high ground stress, which eventually lead to disastrous collapses in columnar jointed rock mass. The construction safety of underground engineering under high stress is severed restricted by it. By combining acoustic wave, borehole camera and other integrated in-situ testing technology and numerical simulation, the mechanism of stress-structural collapse in columnar jointed rock mass under high stress is studied based on multiple columnar jointed rock mass collapses at left bank tailwater connection pipe of Baihetan hydropower station. The proposed controlling measures of excavation and support are also provided. The key of columnar joined rock mass collapse is the redistribution of stress in surrounding rock mass after the excavation and the strong unloading relaxation of columnar joined basalt, which causes the opening of its internal joint surfaces and structural deterioration, result in the disintegration of basalt columns. Thus, the chain catastrophic process of continuous unloading relaxation and progressive collapse of columnar jointed rock mass is induced. The research can provide reference for the prediction and control of deformation and failure of jointed rock masses in underground engineering under high geo-stress.

Objectives To evaluate the extent to which marriage influences cancer-specific survival (CSS) by influencing the insurance status among patients with common solid cancers and the feasibility of reducing the survival gap caused by marriage by increasing private insurance coverage for unmarried patients.Setting A retrospective cohort study with patients retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results programme.Participants Patients with nine common solid cancers diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 were included. Patients were excluded if their marital status, insurance status, socioeconomical status, stage or cause of death was unavailable, if survival time was less than 1 month, or if they were younger than 18 years at the time of diagnosis.Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was CSS, which was compared between married and unmarried individuals. Mediation analyses were conducted to determine the contribution of insurance status to the association between marriage and CSS.Results Married patients had better CSS than those unmarried (time ratio 1.778; 95% CI 1.758 to 1.797). Private health insurance was a key factor mediating the association between marital status and CSS (proportion mediated (PM), 17%; 95% CI 17% to 17.1%). The PM ranges from 10.7% in prostate cancer to 20% in kidney cancer. The contribution of private insurance to the association between marital status and CSS was greater among women than among men (PM 18.5% vs 16.7%). The mediating effect of private insurance was the greatest for the comparison between married and separated individuals (PM 25.6%; 95% CI 25.3% to 25.8%) and smallest for the comparison between married and widowed individuals (PM 11.0%; 95% CI 10.9% to 11.1%).Conclusions 17% of the marital disparities in CSS are mediated by private insurance coverage. Increasing private insurance coverage for unmarried patients may reduce the survival gap related to marital status and sex. However, it is unclear whether better publicly funded insurance would have the same effect.

The nonunion following a fracture is associated with severe patient morbidity and economic consequences. Currently, accumulating studies are focusing on the importance of macrophages during fracture repair. However, details regarding the process by which macrophages facilitate endochondral ossification (EO) are largely unknown. In this study, we present evidence that apoptotic chondrocytes (ACs) are not inert corpses awaiting removal, but positively modulate the osteoinductive ability of macrophages. In vivo experiments revealed that fatty acid (FA) metabolic processes up-regulated following EO. In vitro studies further uncovered that FAs derived from ACs are taken up by macrophages mainly through macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1). Then, our functional experiments confirmed that these exogenous FAs subsequently activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which further facilitates lipid droplets generation and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Mechanistically, elevated FAO is involved in up-regulating the osteoinductive effect by generating BMP7 and NAD+/SIRT1/EZH2 axis epigenetically controls BMP7 expression in macrophages cultured with ACs culture medium. Our findings advanced the concept that ACs could promote bone regeneration by regulating metabolic and function reprogram in macrophages and identified macrophage MSR1 represents a valuable target for fracture treatments.