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The 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, as amended (CFRN) recognizes the entitlement of every Nigerian within its borders to enjoy economic and socio-cultural (ESC) rights under Fundamental Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy. However, the constitution seemingly renders these ESC rights non-justiciable or unenforceable. This paper examines the efforts of the Nigerian judiciary to bypass the non-Justiciability provision to enforce ESC rights in Nigeria. It mainly investigates the role of judicial decisions in other similar jurisdictions such as South Africa and India in shaping the jurisprudence of the enforcement of ESC rights in Nigeria. Therefore, the paper adopts the comparative method and recommends that both the Nigerian legislature and the judiciary should follow the example of enforcement of ESC rights in these other jurisdictions.

Highlights • We found rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP to be immunogenic at 28- and 180-days post vaccination. • At 28 days post-vaccination, seroresponse rate was higher in the high-risk group. • There is a significant pairwise correlation at 28 days post-vaccination between assays. • One dose of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP induces a cellular response that increased with time., Background As part of a Phase III trial with the Ebola vaccine rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP in Guinea, we invited frontline workers (FLWs) to participate in a sub-study to provide additional information on the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Methods We conducted an open‐label, non‐randomized, single-arm immunogenicity evaluation of one dose of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP among healthy FLWs in Guinea. FLWs who refused vaccination were offered to participate as a control group. We followed participants for 84 days with a subset followed-up for 180 days. The primary endpoint was immune response, as measured by ELISA for ZEBOV-glycoprotein–specific antibodies (ELISA-GP) at 28 days. We also conducted neutralization, whole virion ELISA and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for cellular response. Results A total of 1172 participants received one dose of vaccine and were followed-up for 84 days, among them 114 participants were followed-up for 180 days. Additionally, 99 participants were included in the control group and followed up for 180 days. Overall, 86.4% (95% CI 84.1–88.4) of vaccinated participants seroresponded at 28 days post-vaccination (ELISA- GP) with 65% of these seroresponding at 14 days post-vaccination. Among those who seroresponded at 28 days, 90.7% (95% CI 82.0–95.4) were still seropositive at 180 days. The proportion of seropositivity in the unvaccinated group was 0.0% (95% CI 0.0–3.8) at 28 days and 5.4% (95% CI 2.1–13.1) at 180 days post-vaccination. We found weak correlation between ELISA-GP and neutralization at baseline but significant pairwise correlation at 28 days post-vaccination. Among samples analysed for cellular response, only 1 (2.2%) exhibited responses towards the Zaire Ebola glycoprotein (Ebola GP ≥ 10) at baseline, 10 (13.5%) at day 28 post-vaccination and 27 (48.2%) at Day 180. Conclusions We found one dose of rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP to be highly immunogenic at 28- and 180-days post vaccination among frontline workers in Guinea. We also found a cellular response that increased with time.

Background Findings from the T.O.S.CA. Registry recently reported that patients with concomitant chronic heart failure (CHF) and impairment of insulin axis (either insulin resistance—IR or diabetes mellitus—T2D) display increased morbidity and mortality. However, little information is available on the relative impact of IR and T2D on cardiac structure and function, cardiopulmonary performance, and their longitudinal changes in CHF. Methods Patients enrolled in the T.O.S.CA. Registry performed echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test at baseline and at a patient-average follow-up of 36 months. Patients were divided into three groups based on the degree of insulin impairment: euglycemic without IR (EU), euglycemic with IR (IR), and T2D. Results Compared with EU and IR, T2D was associated with increased filling pressures (E/e′ratio: 15.9 ± 8.9, 12.0 ± 6.5, and 14.5 ± 8.1 respectively, p 2) in TD2 vs EU and IR patients was recorded (respectively, 15.8 ± 3.8 ml/Kg/min, 18.4 ± 4.3 ml/Kg/min and 16.5 ± 4.3 ml/Kg/min, p 2 in the T2D group (+ 13% increase in RV dimension, − 21% decline in TAPSE/PAPS ratio and − 20% decrease in peak VO2). Conclusion The higher risk of death and CV hospitalizations exhibited by HF-T2D patients in the T.O.S.CA. Registry is associated with progressive RV ventricular dysfunction and exercise impairment when compared to euglycemic CHF patients, supporting the pivotal importance of hyperglycaemia and right chambers in HF prognosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT023358017

Objective: This paper aims to report a clinical case diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis at the clinic of the Specialization Course in Endodontics at Universidade São Paulo, addressing the indications and techniques performed, as well as clinical and radiographic aspects. Indications for selective retreatment include cases in which the treatment was carried out for more than 1 year, teeth with satisfactory coronal restorations and no direct exposure of the root canal filling to the oral cavity, absence of periodontal disease, multirooted teeth with bone rarefactions periapical lesions in only one root, being confirmed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analysis. Case Report: The patient in question sought the Fundecto-USP (FFO) specialization clinic for endodontic retreatment of tooth 36. In the tomographic evaluation, the location of the DL canal was not located and not previously treated. Retreatment was performed only on the root whose canal had not been located, and which had periapical bone rarefaction. Final considerations: The selective retreatment of roots with apical periodontitis can be another viable form of conservative treatment in endodontics when well indicated in cases where there is no exposure of the filling material and the retreatment of all roots can cause the risk of weakening the tooth structure and tooth loss. Objetivo: Este artículo tiene como objetivo reportar un caso clínico diagnosticado con periodontitis apical asintomática en la clínica del Curso de Especialización en Endodoncia de la Universidade São Paulo, abordando las indicaciones y técnicas realizadas, así como aspectos clínicos y radiográficos. Las indicaciones para el retratamiento selectivo incluyen casos en los que el tratamiento se llevó a cabo durante más de 1 año, dientes con restauraciones coronales satisfactorias y sin exposición directa del obturador del conducto radicular a la cavidad oral, ausencia de enfermedad periodontal, dientes multirradiculares con rarefacciones óseas lesiones periapicales en una sola raíz, lo que fue confirmado por el análisis de tomografía computarizada de haz de cono (CBCT). Caso clínico: El paciente en cuestión acudió a la clínica de especialización Fundecto-USP (FFO) para retratamiento endodóntico del diente 36. En la evaluación tomográfica no se localizó ni se trató previamente la localización del canal DL. El retratamiento se realizó únicamente en la raíz cuyo conducto no se había localizado y que presentaba enrarecimiento óseo periapical. Consideraciones finales: El retratamiento selectivo de raíces con periodontitis apical puede ser otra forma viable de tratamiento conservador en endodoncia cuando está bien indicado en casos donde no hay exposición del material de obturación y el retratamiento de todas las raíces puede provocar el riesgo de debilitamiento de la estructura dental. y pérdida de dientes. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo de relatar um caso clínico diagnosticado com periodontite apical assintomática na clínica do curso de Especialização em Endodontia na Universidade São Paulo abordando as indicações e técnicas realizadas, assim como os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos. As indicações para a realização de retratamento seletivo incluem casos em que o tratamento foi realizado há mais de 1 ano, dentes com restaurações coronais satisfatórias e nenhuma exposição direta da obturação do canal radicular à cavidade oral, ausência de doença periodontal, dentes multirradiculares com rarefações ósseas periapicais em apenas uma raiz, sendo confirmada pela análise de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC). Relato de Caso: Paciente em questão procurou a clínica de especialização da Fundecto-USP (FFO) para retratamento endodôntico do dente 36. Na avaliação tomográfica, constatou-se a localização do canal DL não localizado e não tratado anteriormente. Foi realizado o retratamento apenas da raiz cujo canal não havia sido localizado, e que apresentava rarefação óssea periapical. Considerações finais: O retratamento seletivo de raízes com periodontite apical, pode ser mais uma forma de tratamento conservador viável em endodontia quando bem indicado em casos onde não há exposição do material obturador e o retratamento de todas as raízes, pode causar o risco de enfraquecimento da estrutura dental e perda do dente.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-spo-10.1177_17479541221126955 for Does size matter? Effects of small versus large pitch small-sided game training on speed and endurance in collegiate soccer players by Joshua Faga, Chris Bishop and Sean J Maloney in International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

The surface functionalisation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) surfaces with chitosan via electron-beam (EB) irradiation technique was exploited for preparing materials suitable for biomedical purposes. ATR–FTIR analysis and wettability measurements were employed for monitoring the surface changes after both irradiation and chitosan grafting reaction. Interestingly, the presence of ATZ loadings beyond 2 wt% influenced both the EB irradiation process and the chitosan functionalisation reaction, decreasing the oxidation of the surface and the chitosan grafting. The EB irradiation induced an increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in the elongation at the break of all analysed systems, whereas the tensile strength was not affected in a relevant way. Biological assays indicated that electrostatic interactions between the negative charges of the surface of cell membranes and the –NH3+ sites on chitosan chains promoted cell adhesion, while some oxidised species produced during the irradiation process are thought to cause a detrimental effect on the cell viability.

Several studies demonstrated the favorable effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on the skin and promoted its wide use in clinical practice. The growth factors stored in platelet alfa-granules allow for the tissue regeneration and the main fields of application of PRP in current clinical practice are the cartilage and musculoskeletal defects, osteoarthritis and other bone disorders, chronic and difficult to heal wounds, and aesthetic procedures. The relevant number of different PRP preparation protocols may explain the inconsistency of the different clinical outcomes reported in the literature. Despite the technological advances in PRP preparation, the objective assessment of the clinical efficacy of PRP from the literature reports still is difficult due to the low homogeneity of the samples in terms of both inclusion criteria and size. Therefore, it might be useful to establish standardized and reproducible experimental models to confirm and objectively measure the effectiveness of the available clinical results. Many experimental investigations have been carried out to objectively assess the effectiveness of PRP and platelet gel on several tissues. As far as the skin is concerned, the studies carried out to date are limited to fibroblasts in in-vitro culture models or to collagen, vascular supply, epithelium, and hair follicle in in-vivo models. The skin, however, is a very complex organ, where different cell lines coexist and feature complex mutual interaction. A model that combines the advantages of both in-vitro and in-vivo cultures is the ex-vivo model. The demonstration of the platelet derived growth factors effects through the ex-vivo human full-thickness skin culture model is a keystone to support the evidence of the PRP effectiveness, as it represents an objective, fast, reproducible, and ethical investigational method.

Andrade-Oliveira, F., et al. (DES Collaboration), We perform an analysis in harmonic space of the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Data (DES-Y1) galaxy clustering photometric data using products obtained for the real-space analysis. We test our pipeline with a suite of lognormal simulations, which are used to validate scale cuts in harmonic space as well as to provide a covariance matrix that takes into account the DES-Y1 mask. We then apply this pipeline to DES-Y1 data taking into account survey property maps derived for the real-space analysis. We compare with real-space DES-Y1 results obtained from a similar pipeline. We show that the harmonic space analysis we develop yields results that are compatible with the real-space analysis for the bias parameters. This verification paves the way to performing a harmonic space analysis for the upcoming DES-Y3 data., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Aims Recent evidence supports the occurrence of multiple hormonal and metabolic deficiency syndrome (MHDS) in chronic heart failure (CHF). However, no large observational study has unequivocally demonstrated its impact on CHF progression and outcome. The T.O.S.CA. (Trattamento Ormonale nello Scompenso CArdiaco; Hormone Treatment in Heart Failure) Registry has been specifically designed to test the hypothesis that MHDS affects morbidity and mortality in CHF patients. Methods and Results The T.O.S.CA. Registry is a prospective, multicentre, observational study involving 19 Italian centres. Thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factor-1, total testosterone, dehydropianoandrosterone sulfate, insulin resistance, and the presence of diabetes were evaluated. A MHDS was defined as the presence of ≥2 hormone deficiencies (HDs). Primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalizations. Four hundred and eighty heart failure patients with ejection fraction ≤45% were enrolled. MHDS or diabetes was diagnosed in 372 patients (77.5%). A total of 271 events (97 deaths and 174 cardiovascular hospitalizations) were recorded, 41% in NO-MHDS and 62% in MHDS (P Conclusion MHDS is common in CHF and independently associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular hospitalization, representing a promising therapeutic target. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT023358017

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Globally, CKD is also increasing in prevalence and incidence. The two principal kidney measures namely estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria have been found to be predictors of renal and cardiovascular (CV) endpoints including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The prevalence of PAD was increased in CKD patients and, particularly, in patients with more severe CKD stages. Despite the fact that revascularization strategies are suitable in CKD patients in similar fashion to non-CKD patients, few CKD patients underwent these procedures. In fact, if it is true that revascularization improves prognosis in PAD patients irrespective of baseline eGFR, it was also demonstrated that CKD patients, who underwent revascularization, were at higher risk for amputations, mortality, re-intervention and perioperative complications. With the present review article, we have examined the association between CKD, PAD and peripheral revascularization highlighting data about epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and results from previous observational and intervention studies. We have also examined the future perspectives and challenges of research around the association between CKD and PAD.

Metalloproteinases (MPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in extracellular matrix deposition, regulation of cellular signals of inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Metalloproteinases are classified into three families: Matrix-MPs (MMPs), A-Disintegrin-and-Metalloprotease (ADAMs), and the A-Disintegrin-and-Metalloproteinase-with-Thrombospondin-1-like-Domains (ADAMTS). Previous studies showed that MPs are involved in the development of aortic aneurysms (AA) and, concomitantly, in the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD has been, per se, associated with an increased risk for AA. The aim of this review is to examine the pathways that may associate MPs with CKD and AA. Several MMPs, such as MMP-2, -8, -9, and TIMP-1 have been shown to damage the AA wall and to have a toxic effect on renal tubular cells, leading to fibrosis. Similarly, ADAM10 and 17 have been shown to degrade collagen in the AA wall and to worsen kidney function via pro-inflammatory stimuli, the impairment of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and the degradation of structural proteins. Moreover, MMP-2 and -9 inhibitors reduced aneurysm growth and albuminuria in experimental and human studies. It would be important, in the future, to expand research on MPs from both a prognostic, namely, to refine risk stratification in CKD patients, and a predictive perspective, likely to improve prognosis in response to targeted treatments.

The aim of this study was to compare the training effect of small-sided games played using large and small area per player on speed and endurance in college soccer players. Twenty male NCAA division 1 soccer players were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: small-sided games using a large area per player ( n = 10), or small-sided games using a small area per player ( n = 10). During the 4-week intervention, both groups performed three sets of 4–8 min of 5 versus 5 small-sided games using either a large (300 m2) or small (75 m2) area per player. Pre- and post-training, players completed linear sprint (20- and 40-m), repeated sprint, and aerobic endurance tests. Following the intervention, both groups exhibited improvements in 20-m, 40-m, and maximum sprinting speed (all p 0.05). A decline in maximal aerobic speed occurred in the small area per player group ( p = 0.010, g = 0.60) whilst no change was reported for the large area per player group. Following the intervention, anaerobic speed reserve was lower for the large area per player group versus the small area per player group ( p = 0.013; g = −0.23). No further between-group differences were reported at either time-point. These results suggest that small-sided games played with a small area per player may not be adequate to maintain aerobic fitness.

Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro FIRC 18112 Sina Atashpaz.Fondazione Umberto Veronesi Sina Atashpaz Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro AIRC 5xmille METAMECH program Vincenzo Costanzo Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation Vincenzo Costanzo European Research Council Consolidator grant 614541 Vincenzo Costanzo Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Fellowship 23961 Negar ArghavanifarDanish Cancer Society KBVU-2014 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras Danish Council for Independent Research Sapere Aude, DFF Starting Grant 2014 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras European Research Council ERC-2015-STG-679068 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras Danish National Research Foundation DNRF115 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication. Unrepaired DNA damage during embryonic development can be potentially inherited by a large population of cells. However, the quality control mechanisms that minimize the contribution of damaged cells to developing embryos remain poorly understood. Here, we uncovered an ATR- and CHK1-mediated transcriptional response to replication stress (RS) in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that induces genes expressed in totipotent two-cell (2C) stage embryos and 2C-like cells. This response is mediated by Dux, a multicopy retrogene defining the cleavage-specific transcriptional program in placental mammals. In response to RS, DUX triggers the transcription of 2C-like markers such as murine endogenous retrovirus-like elements (MERVL) and Zscan4. This response can also be elicited by ETAA1-mediated ATR activation in the absence of RS. ATR-mediated activation of DUX requires GRSF1-dependent post-transcriptional regulation of Dux mRNA. Strikingly, activation of ATR expands ESCs fate potential by extending their contribution to both embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues. These findings define a novel ATR dependent pathway involved in maintaining genome stability in developing embryos by controlling ESCs fate in response to RS. Sí

BackgroundHigh ultrasound renal resistive index (RI) predicts poor cardiorenal outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has recently emerged as a marker of nephroprotective drugs response. Thus, having a risk profile of CKD patients with abnormal RI may be relevant for the clinicians.MethodsConsecutive patients referred to our non-dialysis CKD clinic from 01/01/2016 to 01/12/2016, were evaluated by clinical and ultrasound analysis. Inclusion criteria were age >18 years and presence of CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)0.150g/24h. Renal artery stenosis, solitary kidney, acute kidney injury were the main exclusion criteria. RI value was the mean of three measures in segmental arteries in each kidney. Univariate analysis was performed to evaluate associations between continuous RI and clinical variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis, based on stepwise method with an elimination criterion of pResultsWe studied 73 patients (69.9% men). Mean RI was 0.67±0.09. Frequencies of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) were 19.2% and 20.6% and median eGFR 54.1 [30.0-84.6] mL/min/1.73m2. From low (0.70) RI categories, eGFR and haemoglobin levels were decreased while diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), phosphate and smokers were higher. At univariate analysis, RI was significantly associated with age, presence of diabetes, CVD, serum phosphorus, eGFR, Urea and haemoglobin. Multi-adjusted stepwise regression analysis showed that lower eGFR levels (pConclusionsThis analysis suggests that RI is higher in CKD patients with CVD, diabetes, smoking habit and higher serum phosphorus, regardless of eGFR. Further studies are needed to verify whether higher RI indicates more complex pathway of intrarenal damage, besides and beyond kidney function.

This contribution presents experimentation of research on urban accessibility applying to professional consultancy work, done by the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II, for the city of Cercola (NA) to support the edit of the City Master Plan. One of the more complex challenges in urban planning is the poor connection between the transport system and the land-use pattern, which encouraged the use of the private car as the first means of transport, polluting and overcrowding urban areas. In this study, we propose the application of Node-Place method at the station level to improve the urban quality of life, safety and economic condition. The city of Cercola is in the periurban area of Naples, through the application of Node and Place model at the local scale, we defined the potential solutions to make the city more accessible and the definition of sustainable mobility solutions.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a risk factor for fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, including peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This occurs because CKD encompasses several factors that lead to poor prognoses, mainly due to a reduction of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the presence of proteinuria, and the uremic inflammatory milieu. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-containing endopeptidases implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, a systemic process in tissue homeostasis. MMPs play an important role in cell differentiation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and vascular damage. Our aim was to review the published evidence regarding the association between MMPs, PVD, and CKD to find possible common pathophysiological mechanisms. MMPs favor ECM deposition through the glomeruli, and start the shedding of cellular junctions and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the renal tubules. MMP-2 and -9 have also been associated with the presence of systemic vascular damage, since they exert a pro-inflammatory and proatherosclerotic actions. An imbalance of MMPs was found in the context of PVD, where MMPs are predictors of poor prognoses in patients who underwent lower extremity revascularization. MMP circulating levels are increased in both conditions, i.e., that of CKD and PVD. A possible pathogenic link between these conditions is represented by the enhanced production of transforming growth factor-β that worsens vascular calcifications and atherosclerosis and the development of proteinuria in patients with increased levels of MMPs. Proteinuria has been recognized as a marker of systemic vascular damage, and this may explain in part the increase in CV risk that is manifest in patients with CKD and PVD. In conclusion, MMPs can be considered a useful tool by which to stratify CV risk in patients with CKD and PVD. Further studies are needed to investigate the causal-relationships between MMPs, CKD, and PVD, and to optimize their prognostic and predictive (in response to treatments) roles.

The success of regenerative endodontic procedures depends on the decontamination of the endodontic space, the presence of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, the release of growth factors that act as signaling molecules for cell attraction, proliferation and differentiation; and the presence of a “scaffold” that supports the organization and vascularization of the newly formed tissue. Objetive. Analyze specific chelating solutions of calcium EGTA, Citric Acid and EDTA in the release of growth factors (BMPR1, BMPR2 and TGFBR1) present in dentin as cell adhesion. Materials and Methods. Dentin discs were obtained from human premolars and third molars, after immersion for 1 minute with EDTA, EGTA and Citric Acid, the cells were seeded. Cell adhesion was assessed at 48 hours using MEV. Gene expression was determined at 7 and 21 days of cell culture. The statistical analysis was ANOVA followed by Tukey, with a significance level of 5%. Results. At 21 days, EGTA treatment significantly increased BMPR1 compared to PBS. No experimental conditions altered the expression of BMPR2. TGBR1 expression at 21 days increased significantly to EGTA treatment. Although there was not a uniform distribution of cells throughout the discs, cell adhesion was observed in all experimental groups. Conclusions. The type of demineralizing solution interferes with the amount of growth factors BMPR1 and TGFBR1 released from human dentin and does not interfere with cell adhesion. El éxito de los procedimientos de endodoncia regenerativa depende de la descontaminación del espacio endodóntico, la presencia de células mesenquimales indiferenciadas, la liberación de factores de crecimiento que actúan como moléculas señalizadoras para la atracción, proliferación y diferenciación celular; y de la presencia de un “scaffold”, que brinde soporte a la organización y vascularización del tejido recién formado. Objetivo. Analizar soluciones quelantes específicas de calcio EGTA, Ácido Cítrico y EDTA en la liberación de factores de crecimiento (BMPR1, BMPR2 y TGFBR1) presentes en la dentina como la adhesión célular. Materiales y Métodos. Se obtuvieron discos de dentina de premolares y terceros molares humanos, después de la imnersión por 1 minuto con EDTA, EGTA y Ácido Cítrico, se sembraron las células. La adhesión celular se evaluó a las 48 horas usando MEV. La expresión génica se determinó a los 7 y 21 días de cultivo celular. El análisis estadístico fue ANOVA seguido de Tukey, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados. A los 21 días, el tratamiento con EGTA aumento significativamente BMPR1 en comparación con PBS. Ninguna condición experimental alteró la expresión de BMPR2. La expresión de TGBR1 a los 21 días aumentó significativamente al tratamiento con EGTA. Aunque no hubo una distribución uniforme de células a lo largo de los discos, se observó adhesión celular en todos los grupos experimentales. Conclusiones. El tipo de solución desmineralizante interfiere con la cantidad liberada de factores de crecimiento BMPR1 y TGFBR1, de la dentina humana, y no interfiere en la adhesión celular.

El éxito de los procedimientos de endodoncia regenerativa depende de la descontaminación del espacio endodóntico, la presencia de células mesenquimales indiferenciadas, la liberación de factores de crecimiento que actúan como moléculas señalizadoras para la atracción, proliferación y diferenciación celular; y de la presencia de un “scaffold”, que brinde soporte a la organización y vascularización del tejido recién formado. Objetivo. Analizar soluciones quelantes específicas de calcio EGTA, Ácido Cítrico y EDTA en la liberación de factores de crecimiento (BMPR1, BMPR2 y TGFBR1) presentes en la dentina como la adhesión célular. Materiales y Métodos. Se obtuvieron discos de dentina de premolares y terceros molares humanos, después de la imnersión por 1 minuto con EDTA, EGTA y Ácido Cítrico, se sembraron las células. La adhesión celular se evaluó a las 48 horas usando MEV. La expresión génica se determinó a los 7 y 21 días de cultivo celular. El análisis estadístico fue ANOVA seguido de Tukey, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados. A los 21 días, el tratamiento con EGTA aumento significativamente BMPR1 en comparación con PBS. Ninguna condición experimental alteró la expresión de BMPR2. La expresión de TGBR1 a los 21 días aumentó significativamente al tratamiento con EGTA. Aunque no hubo una distribución uniforme de células a lo largo de los discos, se observó adhesión celular en todos los grupos experimentales. Conclusiones. El tipo de solución desmineralizante interfiere con la cantidad liberada de factores de crecimiento BMPR1 y TGFBR1, de la dentina humana, y no interfiere en la adhesión celular.

The aim of the study was the objective assessment of the effectiveness of a microfragmented dermal extract obtained with Rigenera™ technology in promoting the wound healing process in an in vivo homogeneous experimental human acute surgical wound model. The study included 20 patients with 24 acute postsurgical soft tissue loss and a planned sequential two-stage repair with a dermal substitute and an autologous split-thickness skin graft. Each acute postsurgical soft tissue loss was randomized to be treated either with an Integra® dermal substitute enriched with the autologous dermal micrografts obtained with Rigenera™ technology (group A—Rigenera™ protocol) or with an Integra® dermal substitute only (group B—control). The reepithelialization rate in the wounds was assessed in both groups at 4 weeks through digital photography with the software “ImageJ.” The dermal cell suspension enrichment with the Rigenera™ technology was considered effective if the reepithelialized area was higher than 25% of the total wound surface as this threshold was considered far beyond the expected spontaneous reepithelialization rate. In the Rigenera™ protocol group, the statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any significant difference vs. the controls. The old age of the patients likely influenced the outcome as the stem cell regenerative potential is reduced in the elderly. A further explanation for the unsatisfying results of our trial might be the inadequate amount of dermal stem cells used to enrich the dermal substitutes. In our study, we used a 1 : 200 donor/recipient site ratio to minimize donor site morbidity. The gross dimensional disparity between the donor and recipient sites and the low concentration of dermal mesenchymal stromal stem cells might explain the poor epithelial proliferative boost observed in our study. A potential option in the future might be preconditioning of the dermal stem cell harvest with senolytic active principles that would fully enhance their regenerative potential. This trial is registered with trial protocol number NCT03912675.

Background Ischaemic chest pain can be originated by different causes. Among all, coronary fistulas are rarely the reason. Such entities are usually asymptomatic and can be diagnosed by echocardiography or coronary angiography. In an even rarer scenario, coronary fistulas might dilate and form an aneurysm. Case summary We report the case of a 62-year-old patient who was initially referred to the emergency department for stable angina. Coronary angiography and computed tomography scan showed a giant aneurysm relating to a coronary fistula with a course from the circumflex coronary artery to the superior vena cava. The aneurysm was critically compressing the left anterior descending coronary artery. It was confirmed and resolved by surgery. Discussion Giant aneurysms of a coronary fistula are very uncommon entities. We describe a rare case of angina caused by extrinsic compression of the left anterior descending artery from a giant aneurysm of a coronary fistula.

The objective of this paper was to carry out a survey of remedial justification of the Nigerian prison system with a view to proffering solutions aimed at the restructure and overhaul of the legal regime. The paper utilised both qualitative and quantitative methods of investigation.It adopted a case study and empirical review of corrective facilitiesavailable in Abakaliki, Enugu and Kuje Prisons all in Nigeriathrough a structured questionnaire administered to staff and inmates of these prisons for the purpose of ascertaining the adequacy of such facilities. The results showed a gross neglect of Nigerian prisons and a departure from the goal of rehabilitation and reformation of inmates. The paper however, found that the major challenges to restructuring Nigerian prisons flowed from the lacunae in the prisons law, unfaithfulness of the Nigerian government to promoting a viable criminal justice system through prisons reforms and public apathy. Our results in this paper will benefit researchers and policy makers, which is aimed at galvanizing opinions towards overhaul of the legal regime of the Nigerian prisons system.

Contaminated sediments represent an important management problem that also concerns their remediation. Indeed, port dredging activities produce huge volumes of contaminated sediments that, in turn, require proper handling because of their quantity of inorganic and organic substances. Conventional management-remediation strategies of polluted sediment involve sediment washing, electron-chemical separation, and thermal treatment. Recently, bioremediation strategies have also been proposed as a promising answer to the problem of contaminated sediments. In this context, fungi are pioneer microorganisms known to bioconcentrate, bioaccumulate, and biostabilize heavy metals. These capabilities suggest the potential to employ indigenous fungal strains to remediate polluted port sediments. In the framework of the European Project SEDITERRA (Guidelines for the sustainable treatment of dredged sediments in the Marittimo area), the aim of this paper is to characterize the fungal communities of port sediments of Genoa and present an innovative mycoremediation protocol to evaluate the capability of indigenous fungal strains in the heavy metal remediation. In this study, Penicillium expansum Link and Paecilomyces formosus (Sakag., May. Inoue & Tada) Houbraken & Samson have been selected as fungal species for the mycoremediation treatments. The protocol requires a fungal membrane system and the results highlight efficient bioremoval of Cu and Zn from sediments.