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201. Asymptotic expansions of integrals of two Bessel functions via the generalized hypergeometric and Meijer functions

Author

B. J. Stoyanov, J. F. Bird, and Richard A. Farrell

Subjects
Meijer function, Confluent hypergeometric function, Hypergeometric function of a matrix argument, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Asymptotic expansion, Generalized hypergeometric function, Bessel functions, symbols.namesake, Computational Mathematics, Meijer G-function, Riemann—Liouville integral, Struve function, Bessel polynomials, symbols, Applied mathematics, Hankel integral, Bessel function, Mathematics
Abstract

Asymptotic expansions of certain finite and infinite integrals involving products of two Bessel functions of the first kind are obtained by using the generalized hypergeometric and Meijer functions. The Bessel functions involved are of arbitrary (generally different) orders, but of the same argument containing a parameter which tends to infinity. These types of integrals arise in various contexts, including wave scattering and crystallography, and are of general mathematical interest being related to the Riemann—Liouville and Hankel integrals. The results complete the asymptotic expansions derived previously by two different methods — a straightforward approach and the Mellin-transform technique. These asymptotic expansions supply practical algorithms for computing the integrals. The leading terms explicitly provide valuable analytical insight into the high-frequency behavior of the solutions to the wave-scattering problems.

Published
1994
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202. Performance of the CRID at SLD

Author

Robert Wilson, Suliana Manley, G. Hallewell, D. W. G. S. Leith, S. McHugh, F. Suekane, A. Lu, James Shank, R.J. Plano, T. Bienz, J. Coller, P.E. Rensing, W. Dunwoodie, S. Dolinsky, P. Coyle, P. Antilogus, K. Hasegawa, J. S. Whitaker, R. A. Johnson, B. N. Ratcliff, G. Muller, A.K.S. Santha, Y. Hasegawa, D. Aston, S. Dasu, Y. Iwasaki, M. Kalelkar, Koya Abe, D. G. Coyne, X. Liu, F. Bird, B. Meadows, S. H. Williams, J. Va'vra, P. Stamer, Yeong-Dae Kwon, N. Toge, E. P. Solodov, J. D. Turk, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, K.G. Baird, David A. Williams, C. Simopoulos, S. J. Yellin, R. Ben-David, I. Stockdale, D.C. Schultz, G. B. Word, D.O. Caldwell, J. Huber, Dominik Müller, A. Bean, J. Duboscq, S. L. Shapiro, P.F. Jacques, Tadashi Nagamine, T.J. Pavel, M. Cavalli-Sforza, H. Kawahara, M.D. Sokoloff, A.B. d'Oliveira, J. A. Snyder, J. Martinez, and M. Nussbaum

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Ring (mathematics), law, Detector, Particle accelerator, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation, law.invention
Abstract

This paper describes the performance of a large 4π Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) in the SLD experiment at the SLC at SLAC. We compare the most recent SLD results with those obtained during the R&D period, discuss various design features, and highlight some specific lessons derived from three years of operation.

Published
1994

204. Jesus and the 'Partings of the Ways'

Author

Michael F. Bird

Subjects
Biblical studies, Historical Jesus, Christian ethics, Judaism, Philosophy, Context (language use), Christianity and Judaism, Religious studies, Christianity, People of God
Abstract

The "partings of the ways" between Christianity and Judaism is a facet of Christian origins that continues to fascinate scholars. This chapter argues that constituent elements of the Jewish-Christian rift find their roots in the historical Jesus. The reasons for Jesus' death and his debates with his contemporaries that touched upon the pillars of Judaism illustrate points of contention between Jesus and his contemporaries. Although Jesus remained within the orbit of "Judaism," his attitudes and actions did push those boundaries to the point that he incurred opposition from other Jews. These actions of Jesus were subsequently developed in the early church in a new religious context where a split between Jews and Christians became inevitable. The ongoing process of Jewish and Christian self-definition in light of the political developments of first century prompted persons from both groups to see the other as excluded from the designation "the people of God.". Keywords:Christianity; church; Jesus; Jewish; Jews; Judaism; partings of the ways

Published
2011

205. Observation of the decayBs0→J/ψ φ inp¯pcollisions at √s=1.8 TeV

Author

F. Abe, M. Albrow, D. Amidei, C. Anway-Wiese, G. Apollinari, H. Areti, P. Auchincloss, F. Azfar, P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, W. Badgett, M. W. Bailey, J. Bao, P. de Barbaro, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, V. E. Barnes, B. A. Barnett, G. Bauer, T. Baumann, F. Bedeschi, S. Behrends, S. Belforte, G. Bellettini, J. Bellinger, D. Benjamin, J. Benlloch, A. Beretvas, A. Bhatti, K. Biery, M. Binkley, F. Bird, D. Bisello, R. E. Blair, C. Blocker, A. Bodek, V. Bolognesi, C. Boswell, T. Boulos, G. Brandenburg, E. Buckley-Geer, H. S. Budd, K. Burkett, G. Busetto, A. Byon-Wagner, K. L. Byrum, C. Campagnari, M. Campbell, A. Caner, W. Carithers, D. Carlsmith, A. Castro, Y. Cen, F. Cervelli, J. Chapman, G. Chiarelli, T. Chikamatsu, S. Cihangir, A. G. Clark, M. Cobal, M. Contreras, J. Cooper, M. Cordelli, D. P. Coupal, D. Crane, J. D. Cunningham, T. Daniels, F. DeJongh, S. Dell’Agnello, M. Dell’Orso, L. Demortier, B. Denby, M. Deninno, P. F. Derwent, T. Devlin, M. Dickson, J. P. Done, R. B. Drucker, A. Dunn, K. Einsweiler, J. E. Elias, R. Ely, E. Engels, S. Eno, D. Errede, S. Errede, A. Etchegoyen, Q. Fan, B. Farhat, I. Fiori, B. Flaugher, G. W. Foster, M. Franklin, M. Frautschi, J. Freeman, J. Friedman, H. Frisch, A. Fry, T. A. Fuess, Y. Fukui, S. Funaki, A. F. Garfinkel, S. Geer, D. W. Gerdes, P. Giannetti, N. Giokaris, P. Giromini, L. Gladney, D. Glenzinski, M. Gold, J. Gonzalez, A. Gordon, A. T. Goshaw, K. Goulianos, H. Grassman, A. Grewal, G. Grieco, L. Groer, C. Grosso-Pilcher, C. Haber, S. R. Hahn, R. Hamilton, R. Handler, R. M. Hans, K. Hara, B. Harral, R. M. Harris, S. A. Hauger, J. Hauser, C. Hawk, J. Heinrich, D. Hennessy, R. Hollebeek, L. Holloway, A. Höscher, S. Hong, G. Houk, P. Hu, B. T. Huffman, R. Hughes, J. Hurst, J. Huth, J. Hylen, M. Incagli, J. Incandela, H. Iso, H. Jensen, C. P. Jessop, U. Joshi, R. W. Kadel, T. Kamon, T. Kaneko, D. A. Kardelis, H. Kasha, Y. Kato, L. Keeble, R. Kennedy, R. Kephart, P. Kesten, D. Kestenbaum, R. M. Keup, H. Keutelian, F. Keyvan, D. H. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kim, L. Kirsch, P. Koehn, K. Kondo, J. Konigsberg, S. Kopp, K. Kordas, W. Koska, E. Kovacs, M. Krasberg, S. E. Kuhlmann, E. Kuns, A. T. Laasanen, S. Lammel, J. I. Lamoureux, T. LeCompte, S. Leone, J. D. Lewis, P. Limon, M. Lindgren, T. M. Liss, N. Lockyer, O. Long, M. Loreti, E. H. Low, J. Lu, D. Lucchesi, C. B. Luchini, P. Lukens, P. Maas, K. Maeshima, A. Maghakian, M. Mangano, J. Mansour, M. Mariotti, J. P. Marriner, A. Martin, J. A. J. Matthews, R. Mattingly, P. McIntyre, P. Melese, A. Menzione, E. Meschi, S. Mikamo, M. Miller, T. Mimashi, S. Miscetti, M. Mishina, H. Mitsushio, S. Miyashita, Y. Morita, S. Moulding, J. Mueller, A. Mukherjee, T. Muller, L. F. Nakae, I. Nakano, C. Nelson, D. Neuberger, C. Newman-Holmes, L. Nodulman, S. Ogawa, K. E. Ohl, R. Oishi, T. Okusawa, R. Paoletti, V. Papadimitriou, S. Park, J. Patrick, G. Pauletta, L. Pescara, M. D. Peters, T. J. Phillips, G. Piacentino, M. Pillai, R. Plunkett, L. Pondrom, N. Produit, J. Proudfoot, F. Ptohos, G. Punzi, K. Ragan, F. Rimondi, L. Ristori, M. Roach-Bellino, W. J. Robertson, T. Rodrigo, J. Romano, L. Rosenson, W. K. Sakumoto, D. Saltzberg, A. Sansoni, V. Scarpine, A. Schindler, P. Schlabach, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmidt, O. Schneider, G. Sciacca, A. Scribano, S. Segler, S. Seidel, Y. Seiya, G. Sganos, M. Shapiro, N. M. Shaw, Q. Shen, P. F. Shepard, M. Shimojima, M. Shochet, J. Siegrist, A. Sill, P. Sinervo, P. Singh, J. Skarha, K. Sliwa, D. A. Smith, F. D. Snider, L. Song, T. Song, J. Spalding, P. Sphicas, A. Spies, L. Stanco, J. Steele, A. Stefanini, G. Sullivan, K. Sumorok, R. L. Swartz, T. Takahashi, K. Takikawa, B. Tannenbaum, F. Tartarelli, Y. Teramoto, S. Tether, D. Theriot, J. Thomas, R. Thun, M. Timko, P. Tipton, A. Titov, S. Tkaczyk, A. Tollestrup, J. Tonnison, J. Tseng, M. Turcotte, N. Turini, N. Uemura, F. Ukegawa, S. Vejcik, M. Vondracek, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, N. Wainer, R. C. Walker, J. Wang, Q. F. Wang, A. Warburton, G. Watts, T. Watts, R. Webb, C. Wendt, H. Wenzel, W. C. Wester, T. Westhusing, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wicklund, R. Wilkinson, H. H. Williams, B. L. Winer, J. Wolinski, D. Y. Wu, X. Wu, J. Wyss, A. Yagil, W. Yao, K. Yasuoka, Y. Ye, G. P. Yeh, M. Yin, J. Yoh, T. Yoshida, D. Yovanovitch, I. Yu, J. C. Yun, A. Zanetti, F. Zetti, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, and S. Zucchelli

Subjects
Combinatorics, Physics, Particle model, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, B meson, Collider Detector at Fermilab, Mass measurement, J/psi meson
Abstract

This Letter reports the observation and mass measurement of fully reconstructed [ital B][sub [ital s]][sup 0] mesons through the decay chain [ital B][sub [ital s]][sup 0][r arrow][ital J]/[psi] [psi], [ital J]/[psi][r arrow][mu][sup +][mu][sup [minus]], [phi][r arrow][ital K][sup +][ital K[minus]] using data obtained at the Collider Detector at Fermilab in [ital [bar p]p] collisions at [radical][ital s] =1.8 TeV. A signal of 14.0[plus minus]4.7 events is observed. Comparison of the [ital B][sub [ital s]][sup 0] signal with the kinematically similar decays [ital B][sup +][r arrow][ital J]/[psi] [ital K][sup +] and [ital B][sup 0][r arrow][ital J]/[psi] K[sup *](892)[sup 0] is presented. The mass of the [ital B][sub [ital s]][sup 0] meson is determined to be 5383.3[plus minus]4.5(stat)[plus minus]5.0(syst) MeV/[ital c][sup 2].

Published
1993

206. Performance of the SLD barrels CRID during the 1992 physics data run

Author

F. Bird, P.E. Rensing, T.J. Pavel, A. Lu, F. Suekane, J. Huber, P.F. Jacques, Dominik Müller, N. Toge, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, J. D. Turk, Kazuo Hasegawa, S. Dasu, Y. Iwasaki, D. Aston, X. Liu, G. Muller, J. Martinez, M. Cavalli-Sforza, B. T. Meadows, M. D. Sokoloff, H. Kawahara, R.J. Plano, Yukio Hasegawa, J. Va’vra, G. B. Word, S. Manly, D. G. Coyne, M. Nussbaum, S. H. Williams, P. Coyle, D. O. Caldwell, E. P. Solodov, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, R. Ben-David, A.B. d'Oliveira, J. A. Snyder, A. Bean, S. J. Yellin, I. Stockdale, S. L. Shapiro, Y. Kwon, K.G. Baird, David A. Williams, M. Kalelkar, J. Duboscq, B. N. Ratcliff, C. Simopoulos, P. E. Stamer, T. Bienz, W. Dunwoodie, S. Dolinsky, J. S. Whitaker, R. A. Johnson, R. J. Wilson, Koji Abe, S. McHugh, James Shank, J. A. Coller, G. Hallewell, D. W. G. S. Leith, P. Antilogus, and A.K.S. Santha

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cosmic ray, Particle accelerator, Electron, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Measuring instrument, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Collider, Cherenkov radiation, Lepton
Abstract

Summary form only. The performance of the Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) of the SLD experiment at the SLAC linear collider during the 1992 physics data run is discussed. The barrel CRID is complete and fully operational. Cherenkov rings have been observed from both the liquid and the gas radiators. The rings are associated with particle tracks measured in the central drift chamber and the radius of the ring together with the momentum measurement is used to identify particles. Work is in progress to improve the resolution by better determining the position of the drift boxes, the mirrors, and the central drift chamber relative to one other using data from cosmic rays and Z/sup 0/ chambers. >

Published
1993

207. Evidence for two JP = 2− strange meson states in the K2 (1770) region

Author

F. Bird, P.K. Sinervo, C.O. Pak, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, T. Tauchi, B. T. Meadows, H. Hayashii, Shiro Suzuki, G. Tarnopolsky, D.C. Schultz, W.B. Johnson, Kumataro Ukai, P. Kunz, D. Aston, D. W. G. S. Leith, S. L. Shapiro, T. Bienz, A. P. Waite, J. Martinez, S. Iwata, B. N. Ratcliff, W. Dunwoodie, H. Ozaki, N. Awaji, A. Sugiyama, T. Matsui, A. Miyamoto, M. Nussbaum, R. Kajikawa, R. Endorf, K. Fujii, P.E. Rensing, L. Levinson, Yeong-Dae Kwon, T. Shimomura, and J. D'Amore

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, Spectrometer, Partial wave analysis, Particle interaction, Mass spectrum
Abstract

Evidence is presented for two J P =2 − strange mesons; one at ∼ 1.77 GeV/ c 2 and the other at ∼ 1.82 GeV/ c 2 . These states have been observed in a partial wave analysis of the Kω system in the reaction K − p → K − π + π − π 0 p where the strange mesons decay into K − ω and the ω then decays to π + π − π 0 . The data set contains ∼ 10 5 Kωp events at 11 GeV/ c taken by the LASS spectrometer at SLAC.

Published
1993

208. First measurement of the left-right cross section asymmetry inZboson production bye+e−collisions

Author

J. Duboscq, Tadayuki Takahashi, S. Bethke, W. T. Emmet, R. Dolin, R. King, J. Hodgson, Sridhara Dasu, G.J. Tappern, S. A. Wickert, P. C. Rowson, R. J. Stephenson, R. Prepost, D. Pripstein, M. Tecchio, J. E. Brau, A. W. Weidemann, A. Yim, P.F. Jacques, T. Dean, T. H. Burnett, Amitabh Lath, H. Yuta, L. Piemontese, B. F. Wadsworth, Enrico Pieroni, E. Hyatt, L. Mathys, R. H. Schindler, A. Szumilo, G. Tarnopolsky, M. Settles, Roberto Battiston, R. Davis, A. Nuttall, T. A. Hodges, R. R. Kofler, D. Walz, A. V. Kulikov, R. Messner, J. F. Labs, J.P. Venuti, P. E.L. Clarke, A. Rothenberg, D. Mansour, R. Kroeger, D. Axen, A. Gioumousis, W. A. Majid, H. J. Hargis, C.J.S. Damerell, R. J. Wilson, D. J. Sherden, A. K. Honma, E. Vella, A. I. Mincer, S. H. Williams, A. O. Bazarko, D. D. Durrett, O. Chamberlain, J. A. Coller, E. L. Garwin, John Fox, N. Toge, D. Horelick, C. Baltay, M. D. Hildreth, F. Bird, C. Y. Prescott, D. W. G. S. Leith, P. Coyle, H. Cutler, C. J. Oram, H. Masuda, H. L. Lynch, R. Bell, J. Olsen, Nicholas Walker, J. Escalera, A.P.T. Palounek, Roberto Dell'Orso, L. P. Robertson, Melody A. Swartz, D. Su, D. Warner, R. R. Larsen, H. Petersen, J. Clendenin, A. Astbury, R. J. Morrison, G. A. Beer, D. R. Freytag, R. H. Siemann, Philip Burrows, T. Hansl-Kozanecka, S. McHugh, A. L. Shoup, R. E. Cassell, P.E. Rensing, T. Shimomura, M. Piccolo, M. J. Fox, J. Rothberg, D.C. Schultz, R. Langstaff, I. Abt, L. Pescara, I. Stockdale, G. Stewart, H. Shaw, P. De Simone, J. M. Yamartino, D. J. Mellor, M. Langston, O. Bardon, R.L. English, R. Watt, V. Cook, R. Cotton, M. Petradza, P. M. Mockett, V. Ashford, P. Saez, Michael S. Witherell, R. de Sangro, K. Skarpaas, R. C. Hilomen, T. Fieguth, Wit Busza, J. Flynn, D. Aston, G. Mancinelli, Patrick Krejcik, R. Rinta, T. W. Reeves, Rino Castaldi, H. O. Cohn, M. Loreti, V. Ziemann, K. Hasegawa, Richard Keeler, S. Kaiser, S. Hedges, J. L. Turner, G. Agnew, Joseph Izen, B. Burgess, L. Servoli, R. J. Belcinski, K. K. Young, John Scott Whitaker, X. Liu, Koji Abe, P. Kunz, S. S. Hertzbach, W. Craddock, G. Hallewell, I. Karliner, M. G. Strauss, Dominik Müller, J. Carr, D. Calloway, A. Lu, C. C. Young, B. I. Eisenstein, Elliot Hughes, T. Junk, M. Carpinelli, S. Bougerolle, G. D. Punkar, J. D. Turk, D. L. Burke, H. O. Ogren, R. W. Williams, W. M. Bugg, U. Schneekloth, S.C. Berridge, A. Disco, D. L. Hale, G. M. Bilei, G. R. Bower, James Shank, R. Cowan, Andrea Castro, Henry W. Kendall, L. Chen, R. K. Jobe, R. Ossa, Gunther Haller, O. H. Saxton, E. Rutz, C. Alber, T. Schalk, F. Toevs, J. J. Thaler, R. Claus, J. Fujimoto, D. P. Gurd, R. K. Yamamoto, P. Stiles, M. Minty, B. N. Ratcliff, S. Ecklund, D. Chambers, J. Wyss, C. Simopoulos, H. R. Band, J. A. Lauber, A. Santocchia, C. Yee, E. Erdos, P. Poffenberger, Yeong-Dae Kwon, G. Blaylock, D. A. Forbush, J. Huber, D. Kharakh, B. Camanzi, W. W. Ash, W. J. Wisniewski, F. Suekane, R.J. Plano, P. E. Stamer, M. Schneider, G. Eigen, M. Turcotte, M. D. Woodly, P. Zucchelli, G. Putallaz, M. J. Haney, A. Bean, C. G. Arroyo, B.L. Byers, W. Baker, W. L. Spence, S.R. Smith, Fred Wickens, A. P. Waite, J. T. Seeman, C. Zeitlin, T. Lyons, T. Bienz, N. Phinney, Martin Breidenbach, S. J. Yellin, L. Lintern, L. Paffrath, A. Calcaterra, K.G. Baird, R. Berger, C. Jako, N.M. Krishna, R.D. Elia, G. E. Gladding, S. Manly, I. M. Peruzzi, E. Mazzucato, R. Pitthan, Hyun-Chul Kim, J. J. Russell, Y. C. Du, W. Dunwoodie, David A. Williams, Y. Au, A. K. McKemey, R. F. Boyce, M. Zolotorev, J. A. Snyder, K. T. Pitts, L.S. Osborne, G. H. Zapalac, H. Tang, A. S. Johnson, M. Kalelkar, J. Frisch, R. S. Panvini, J. Hoeflich, T. Maruyama, B. A. Schumm, K.C. Moffeit, G. B. Word, G. E. Schultz, R. A. Johnson, R. Steiner, P. Antilogus, M. H. Kelsey, J. C. Sheppard, S. Gonzalez, M. Gaillard, A. Snyder, Thomas W. Markiewicz, S. L. Cartwright, K. Furuno, A. D. Yeremian, T. Gillman, V. Nesterov, H.J. Kang, Maurizio Biasini, T. Himel, Marc Ross, Yukio Hasegawa, H. A. Neal, Shiro Suzuki, D. F. Alzofon, Michele Gallinaro, D. Cords, M. Kowitt, A.K.S. Santha, R. W. Zdarko, D. G. Coyne, D. C. Williams, T. Bolton, C. Vannini, G. Oxoby, R. Shypit, Gilbert Shapiro, R. Verdier, E. L. Hart, D. Peters, A. Seiden, R. W. Downing, M. Z. Tahar, P. J. Emma, Alberto Benvenuti, H. Kawahara, C. Fan, T.J. Pavel, R. Frey, S. De Simone, F. Perrier, J. R. Johnson, R. Kajikawa, G. Mundy, V. Hamilton, P. D. Acton, P. C. Kim, H. M. Steiner, L. Rosenson, P. Schenk, K. M. Fortune, Richard Dubois, R. Ben-David, J. Zhou, M. Woods, J. Va’vra, M. Nordby, T. E. Browder, B. Mours, T. Nagamine, Nicola Bacchetta, D. McCormick, D. O. Caldwell, J. F. McGowan, G. Mazaheri, A. Sugiyama, M. Nussbaum, G. Mueller, Stephen Watts, F. Barrera, S. Jones, F. E. Taylor, M.E. Huffer, J. R. Bogart, J. Ferrie, R. Sobie, A. Mazzucato, Piero Giorgio Verdini, M. Pauluzzi, J. Ma, L. Camilleri, J. D. Richman, G. B. Chadwick, T. Weber, Giancarlo Mantovani, H. Hwang, Michael J. Fero, S.St. Lorant, J.I. Friedman, L.S. Rochester, Y. Iwasaki, T. L. Usher, M. Cavalli-Sforza, B. T. Meadows, D. G. Hitlin, F. J. Decker, M. D. Sokoloff, E.N. Spencer, H. Park, M. H. Shaevitz, G. Baranko, T. Limberg, D. R. Rust, G. R. Mason, S. L. White, D. Nelson, P. Raimondi, S. L. Shapiro, P. Rankin, A.B. d'Oliveira, U. Nauenberg, J. Harrison, Chris Adolphsen, R. Blumberg, F. Dejongh, Dario Bisello, and M. Klein

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Elementary particle, Production (computer science), Beam polarization, Asymmetry, Energy (signal processing), media_common, Standard Model, Boson
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the left-right cross section asymmetry (${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{L}\mathit{R}}$) for Z boson production by ${\mathit{e}}^{+}$${\mathit{e}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ collisions. The measurement was performed at a center-of-mass energy of 91.55 GeV with the SLD detector at the SLAC Linear Collider which utilized a longitudinally polarized electron beam. The average beam polarization was (22.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)%. Using a sample of 10 224 Z decays, we measure ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{L}\mathit{R}}$ to be 0.100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.044(stat)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004(syst), which determines the effective weak mixing angle to be ${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathit{W}}^{\mathit{e}\mathit{f}\mathit{f}}$=0.2378 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0056(stat)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005(syst).

Published
1993

209. Protozoan Grazing and the Size–Activity Structure of Limnetic Bacterial Communities

Author

Jacob Kalff and David F. Bird

Subjects
biology, Aquatic Science, Bacterial growth, biology.organism_classification, Bacterial cell structure, Thymidine incorporation, Abundance (ecology), parasitic diseases, Botany, Grazing, Protozoa, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bacteria, Limnetic zone
Abstract

We measured bacterial growth rates by labelled thymidine incorporation, grazing loss rates with fluorescent latex particles, and bacterial cell size and abundance within narrow size-fractions of freshwater bacterioplankton. Contrary to the predictions of standard allometric relationships, the smallest bacteria showed the lowest incorporation rate per cell and per unit DNA content. Cells trapped by 1- and 5-μm filters grew the fastest and were responsible for 86% of detected thymidine biosynthesis. Grazing studies in six lakes showed that grazing pressure from flagellated protozoans and mixotrophic algae on large bacterial cells was probably 2–40 times more intense than that on the smallest cells. We suggest that reduced grazing pressure on the smallest bacteria allows them to dominate numerically, despite their slower growth.

Published
1993

210. An economic solution for the cathodic protection of concrete columns using a conductive tape system

Author

I. Solomon, B. Phang, and Michael F. Bird

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Metallurgy, General Chemistry, Structural engineering, Overlay, Spall, Shotcrete, Corrosion, Anode, Cathodic protection, General Materials Science, Cementitious, business, Electrical conductor
Abstract

Corrosion and spalling of reinforced concrete columns particularly in tidal seawater zones is a major concern worldwide. A greater emphasis is being given to the maintenance and preservation of existing structures rather than the expensive alternative of replacement. Cathodic protection has been identified as one of the most effective means of arresting corrosion on steel reinforcement. This paper describes a newly developed technique of applying cathodic protection to steel reinforced concrete. The components comprise of conductive tape and mixed metal oxide coated titanium mesh anode (CAT) system. Protection is provided with an even current distribution over the surface via the conductive tape. An extremely long system life is predicted due to the low current densities involved and the elimination of shotcrete type cementitious overlays which tend to be the weak link. A major advantage of the CAT system is that it does not require the use of specialised equipment and that installation time is minimal. Two trials performed on road bridges in Victoria and Queensland, Australia are described in detail. The CAT systems were installed to protect the tidal zones and above. Polarisation effects and the possibility of current “dumping” in submerged zones were investigated. The long term evaluation and assessment of the performance of the system is an ongoing process. Monitoring will be performed on a regular basis over the next few years.

Published
1993

213. Dental education in Colombia

Author

Takashi Komabayashi, William F. Bird, Jaime A. Castro Núñez, Jairo H. Ternera Pulido, and Jorge A. Jaramillo

Subjects
Male, Student Dropouts, education, Dentists, Dental License, Dentistry, Colombia, Health Services Accessibility, Article, Accreditation, stomatognathic system, Medicine, Humans, School Admission Criteria, General Dentistry, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Poverty, Licensure, Medical education, Government, business.industry, Licensure, Dental, stomatognathic diseases, Coursework, Schools, Dental, Female, business, Student dropout, Graduation
Abstract

This article describes Colombia's development of formal dentistry, its dental school system, curriculum, and dental licensure, and current issues in oral health care. In 1969, there were only 4 dental schools in Colombia; at this writing there are 21. Five dental schools are public and the other 16 are private. Nearly all classes are conducted in Spanish. Undergraduate pre-dental coursework is not a prerequisite for dental school in Colombia. To obtain licensure, Colombian dental students must complete 5 years of study in dental school, earn a diploma, and work for the government for 1 year. There are approximately 41,400 dentists in Colombia, and the number is increasing quickly. However, the unemployment rate among dentists is very high, even though graduation from dental school is extremely difficult. Although the 1,100:1 ratio of citizens to dentists is considered satisfactory, access to dental care is limited due to the high rate of poverty. (J Oral Sci 52, 137-143, 2010)

Published
2010

215. Lebanon

Author

Eric C F Bird

Published
2010

216. Detection of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in Missisquoi Bay, Quebec, Canada, using Quantitative PCR

Author

Frances R. Pick, David F. Bird, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Nathalie Fortin, Charles W. Greer, and Hongmei Jing

Subjects
Cyanobacteria, Veterinary medicine, Microcystins, Colony Count, Microbial, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Public Health Microbiology, Microcystin, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Algal bloom, Microbiology, Bacterial Proteins, 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase, medicine, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Hydro-Lyases, DNA Primers, chemistry.chemical_classification, Bacteriological Techniques, Microscopy, Ecology, Toxin, Quebec, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Water Microbiology, Bloom, Eutrophication, Bay, Bacteria, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms, as well as their increasing global occurrence, pose a serious threat to public health, domestic animals, and livestock. In Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain, public health advisories have been issued from 2001 to 2009, and local microcystin concentrations found in the lake water regularly exceeded the Canadian drinking water guideline of 1.5 μg liter −1 . A quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) approach was developed for the detection of blooms formed by microcystin-producing cyanobacteria. Primers were designed for the β-ketoacyl synthase ( mcyD KS ) and the first dehydratase domain ( mcyD DH ) of the mcyD gene, involved in microcystin synthesis. The Q-PCR method was used to track the toxigenic cyanobacteria in Missisquoi Bay during the summers of 2006 and 2007. Two toxic bloom events were detected in 2006: more than 6.5 × 10 4 copies of the mcyD KS gene ml −1 were detected in August, and an average of 4.0 × 10 4 copies ml −1 were detected in September, when microcystin concentrations were more than 4 μg liter −1 and approximately 2 μg liter −1 , respectively. Gene copy numbers and total microcystin concentrations (determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were highly correlated in the littoral ( r = 0.93, P < 0.001) and the pelagic station ( r = 0.87, P < 0.001) in 2006. In contrast to the situation in 2006, a cyanobacterial bloom occurred only in late summer-early fall of 2007, reaching only 3 × 10 2 mcyD KS copies ml −1 , while the microcystin concentration was barely detectable. The Q-PCR method allowed the detection of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria when toxins and toxigenic cyanobacterial abundance were still below the limit of detection by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microscopy. Toxin gene copy numbers grew exponentially at a steady rate over a period of 7 weeks. Onshore winds selected for cells with a higher cell quota of microcystin. This technique could be an effective approach for the routine monitoring of the most at-risk water bodies.

Published
2010

217. On estimating the top quark mass from global analyses ofe + e − collision data

Author

Bryan W. Lynn, F. Bird, Robin G. Stuart, and D. Levinthal

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Top quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Monte Carlo method, Electroweak interaction, Perturbative QCD, Nuclear physics, Pair production, Invariant mass, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Phenomenology, Bhabha scattering
Abstract

A study is undertaken to determine how to best extract the top quark massmt within the Minimal Standard Model (MSM) using a global fit to a variety of processes (including wide-angle Bhabha scattering) ine+e− collisions near theZ which should be measured in the coming years. Experimental cuts are accommodated as an integral part of the analysis. It is advantageous to use the collinear radiation approximation and to cut data in rapidity, center-of-mass polar angle and minimum final state invariant mass squared,s′. This avoids the need for the largest Monte Carlo acceptance correction to the data. Further, high precision cross section, calculations, (which include all one-loop electroweak and QED effects, certain higher-order improvements and perturbative QCD corrections as well as exponentiated soft and collinear photon radiation) then no longer require a Monte Carlo. This results in a speedup factor of at least fifty thousand (>5×104) in EXPOSTAR. The data (corrected only for detector cracks, resolution and small non-collinear radiation effects) can therefore be fit quickly and directly forMz,mt,mHiggs and αstrong without recourse to unphysical intermediate quantities (weak mixing angles, running couplings, partial widths, κ*, etc.) Determination ofmt could be as precise as ±15 GeV (and another±20 GeV frommHiggs) at the end of LEP running in 1991. Longitudinally polarized beams with very small polarization error could give an error onmtsmaller, by a factor ≈4 for the same luminosity.

Published
1992

218. Tracking with scintillating fibers and visible light photon counters

Author

Randy Ruchti, B. Baumbaugh, H. C. Fenker, R. Davies, D. Chrisman, F. Bird, J. Park, M.D. Petroff, J. Thomas, Brad Abbott, M. L. Kelly, M. Atac, K. Morgan, David B. Cline, J. Warchol, and D.S. Koltick

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Optical fiber, Interaction point, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Optics, Cosmic ray, Photoelectric effect, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Optics, law, Calibration, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Visible spectrum
Abstract

A fiber tracking system was constructed at UCLA, consisting of four layers of scintillating fiber ribbons coupled to visible light photon counters (VLPCs), and was tested by measuring cosmic ray track. The total legth of the fiber array is 7 m: 4 m of scintillating fiber and 3 m of clear optical fiber, 0.83 mm diameter. An average number of 6 photoelectrons were detected by the VLPCs, 7 m from the cosmic ray interaction point at the end of the fibers. The details of the experimental arragement and the test results are presented.

Published
1992

219. Initial performance of the SLD Cherenkov ring imaging detector system

Author

J. Huber, S. Yellin, Robert Wilson, A. Lu, J. Duboscq, X. Liu, David O. Caldwell, Kazuo Hasegawa, G. Hallewell, P. Gagnon, M. Nussbaum, M. Kalelkar, S. McHugh, P.E. Rensing, Sridhara Dasu, Koji Abe, C. Simopoulos, P. E. Stamer, J. Martinez, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, K.G. Baird, David A. Williams, P. Coyle, P. Antilogus, D. Aston, D. Coyne, F. Suekane, B. N. Ratcliff, A.K.S. Santha, R.A. Johnson, R.J. Plano, A. L. Shoup, T. Bienz, John Scott Whitaker, D. W. G. S. Leith, W. Dunwoodie, S. Dolinsky, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, M. Cavalli-Sforza, T.J. Pavel, A. D'Oliveira, S. L. Shapiro, P. Jacques, F. Bird, H. Kawahara, J. Va’vra, Michael S. Witherell, Y. Kwon, A. Bean, B. T. Meadows, M. D. Sokoloff, Dominik Müller, E. P. Solodov, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, I. Stockdale, and G. B. Word

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cosmic ray, Particle accelerator, Particle detector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Measuring instrument, Calibration, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

All of the major subsystems for the barrel Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) in the SLAC Large Detector (SLD) at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) have now been commissioned. The CRID participated in the SLD engineering run of June-August 1991. In a cosmic ray test at the end of the run, Cerenkov rings were observed for the first time. Initial data for the CRID, including Cerenkov rings, studies of minimum ionizing particles, and data from the fiber optics calibration system are presented. The SLD engineering run and the ensuing dedicated CRID test runs have demonstrated that the system behaves as expected. It has been possible to track particles using ionization in the drift boxes and to reconstruct single electron coordinates very well. The runs have also enabled debugging of this complex system. >

Published
1992

220. Performance of the front end electronics and data acquisition system for the SLD Cherenkov ring imaging detector

Author

Robert Wilson, A. Lu, John Scott Whitaker, J. Martinez, P. Coyle, T.J. Pavel, G. Hallewell, B. Meadows, A. Bean, J. Va'vra, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, P.E. Rensing, P. Antilogus, Koya Abe, T. Bienz, J. Duboscq, David O. Caldwell, W. Dunwoodie, S. Dolinsky, A.K.S. Santha, E. P. Solodov, P. Jacques, D. Marshall, D. Coyne, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, B. Ratcliffe, Michael S. Witherell, S. J. Yellin, R.J. Plano, I. Stockdale, H. Kawahara, M. Cavalli-Sforza, J. Huber, F. Suekane, K.G. Baird, David A. Williams, J. Hoeflich, M.D. Sokoloff, M. Kalelkar, C. Simopoulos, G. Oxoby, Y. Kwon, P. E. Stamer, K. Hasegawa, Sridhara Dasu, A. L. Shoup, Dominik Müller, X. Liu, P. Gagnon, D. W. G. S. Leith, G. B. Word, R.A. Johnson, A. D'Oliveira, P. Stiles, S. McHugh, F. Bird, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, D. Aston, S. L. Shapiro, and M. Nussbaum

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Particle accelerator, Noise (electronics), Particle detector, law.invention, Optics, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Nuclear electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The front-end electronics and data acquisition system for the SLD barrel Cherenkov ring imaging detector (CRID) are described. The specifications for this system require a 1% charge division measurement on single e/sup -/ pulses from a wire chamber in the presence of much larger signals. Fast recovery from saturating pulses and noise levels below 2000 electrons root-mean-square for single electron pulses are required. Noise and system performance results are presented for the initial SLD engineering run data. >

Published
1992

221. The nematode fauna of the Murray River estuary, South Australia; the effects of the barrages across its mouth

Author

A. F. Bird, T. A. Beech, Aimorn C. Stewart, and W. L. Nicholas

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Fauna, Sediment, Estuary, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Population density, Salinity, Oceanography, Nematode, River mouth, Littoral zone, Geology
Abstract

The littoral nematode fauna of the Murray River, South Australia, above and below the barrages that control the outflow of the river into the Southern Ocean has been investigated by taking cores of the sediment at monthly intervals for one year. Samples of river water were taken at the same time for chemical analysis and sediment particle size has also been investigated.

Published
1992

222. Responses of Anguina agrostis to Detergent and Anesthetic Treatment

Author

D L, Riddle and A F, Bird

Subjects
fungi, Article
Abstract

The infective dauer juvenile (DJ2) of Anguina agrostis, a stage capable of surviving desiccation, is up to sixfold more resistant to the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate than are freshly hatched juveniles or adult males, and twofold more resistant to the anesthetic phenoxypropanol. Thus, the DJ2, like dauer stages of other species, may also be more resistant to various types of environmental stress in its natural habitat. In A. agrostis, however, resistance appears to be acquired gradually during development of the second juvenile stage, rather than during a molt.

Published
2009

223. Observations on Crystalloid Bodies in the Pseudocoelom of Eutobrilus heptapapillatus

Author

A F, Bird, S G, McClure, and W L, Nicholas

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Eutobrilus heptapapillatus, found in a number of different sites at the mouth of the River Murray in South Australia, were examined under light and electron microscopes. The pseudocoeloms of these nematodes often contained oval crystalloid bodies containing carbohydrate, sulfur, phosphorus, and lipid. The bodies varied considerably in size up to a maximum of 10 mum long. The precise function of these crytalloids remains unknown. Nematodes having these crystalloids often also contained numerous small regular densely staining particles, about 20 nm d and occurring throughout the nematode's body.

Published
2009

224. Exposure to inhaled benzene and toluene shows a paradoxical response in American kestrels

Author

David F. Bird, Mandy L. Olsgard, and Judit E. G. Smits

Subjects
Air Pollutants, Inhalation Exposure, Geography, Planning and Development, Paradoxical reaction, Benzene, General Medicine, Toluene, Lethal Dose 50, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Administration, Inhalation, Organic chemistry, Animals, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, Falconiformes, General Environmental Science
Published
2009

225. Critical depth and marine primary production

Author

David F. Bird, Shubha Sathyendranath, and Trevor Platt

Subjects
Hydrology, Biomass (ecology), General Immunology and Microbiology, Mixed layer, General Medicine, Spring bloom, Atmospheric sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Term (time), Geography, Sverdrup, Phytoplankton, Growth rate, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Bloom, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The concept of critical depth, as formulated by Sverdrup ( J. Cim. perm. int. Explor. Mer. 18, 287 (1953)) to explain the onset of the spring bloom of phytoplankton, is discussed. Simplifying assumptions (use of a linear photosynthesis-light curve, use of daily averaged irradiance), adopted by Sverdrup in his computation of the growth term, are removed. An exact expression is found for the critical depth in terms of a generalized, biomass-specific, loss term. The loss term is calculated as the sum of contributions from algal respiration and excretion, grazing by micro- and macro-zooplankton, and sedimentation. Critical depth is then estimated using figures typical of the North Atlantic, and a sensitivity analysis is done. The respiratory costs of algal growth and metabolism dominate the generalized loss term. It is pointed out that the Sverdrup critical depth criterion is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the initiation of phytoplankton blooms. As a diagnostic tool, its value is therefore limited. It tells only whether net growth is possible: it tells nothing about how rapidly the phytoplankton will increase. But from the information used to calculate critical depth, it is possible to deduce the rate of increase in algal biomass (or, equivalently, the net production) for the mixed layer. As long as the growth rate is positive, the Sverdrup criterion is respected. This leads to a characteristic timescale for the development of a bloom. When the timescale is short relative to the time between mixing by storms, a bloom can be expected to occur.

Published
1991

226. Evidence for ϱ1(1270) production in the reaction K−p → π+π−Λ

Author

D.C. Schultz, D. Aston, F. Bird, W.B. Johnson, L. Levinson, T. Shimomura, P.K. Sinervo, S. L. Shapiro, P.E. Rensing, Yeong-Dae Kwon, T. Tauchi, G. Tarnopolsky, C.O. Pak, T. Bienz, N. Awaji, A. P. Waite, D. W. G. S. Leith, S. Iwata, W. Dunwoodie, J. D'Amore, Shiro Suzuki, T. Matsui, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, H. Hayashii, B. N. Ratcliff, Kumataro Ukai, H. Ozaki, P. Kunz, A. Sugiyama, R. Endorf, B. T. Meadows, K. Fujii, J. Martinez, M. Nussbaum, A. Miyamoto, and R. Kajikawa

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Amplitude, Spectrometer, Mass distribution, Branching fraction, Chemistry, Dalitz plot, Parity (physics), Atomic physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Excitation
Abstract

Preliminary results are presented from an analysis of the π+π− system produced in the reaction K−p → π+π−Λ at 11 GeV/c observed with the LASS spectrometer at SLAC. A clear ϱ - ω interference effect is observed, and a fit to the natural parity exchange mass distribution yields a branching fraction estimate of (1.7 ± 0.5) % for the decay ω → π+π−. An amplitude analysis reveals that the bump in the mass distribution in the vicinity of the ƒ2(1270) actually contains a significant P-wave component. The mass dependence of the corresponding amplitude and phase is well described by a resonant Breit-Wigner line-shape with mass (1266 ± 14) MeV/c2, width (166 ± 35) MeV/c2, and estimated elasticity ∼ 5%. The interpretation of this state as the first radial excitation of the ϱ(770) is discussed.

Published
1991

227. Strangeonium production from LASS

Author

D. Aston, L. Levinson, B. T. Meadows, Shiro Suzuki, Yeong-Dae Kwon, F. Bird, T. Tauchi, N. Awaji, Kumataro Ukai, B. N. Ratcliff, W.B. Johnson, P.K. Sinervo, H. Ozaki, S. L. Shapiro, P. Kunz, D.C. Schultz, J. D'Amore, T. Shimomura, G. Tarnopolsky, T. Matsui, R. Endorf, R. Kajikawa, K. Fujii, S. H. Williams, T. Bienz, W. Dunwoodie, N. Toge, H. Hayashii, A. Sugiyama, A. Miyamoto, D. W. G. S. Leith, M. Nussbaum, A. P. Waite, S. Iwata, J. Martinez, P.E. Rensing, and C.O. Pak

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle decay, Particle physics, Pair production, Pion, Meson, Hadron, Hyperon, Lambda baryon, Quarkonium, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

Results from recent studies of strangeonium mesons produced in the LASS spectrometer by an 11 GeV/c K−beam are presented. Data from new analysses of K ∗ K ∗ , φφ, and νππ final states are described. Comparisons are made with results from other hadroproduction, radiative J/ψ decay, and γγ experiments.

Published
1991

228. Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector front-end electronics

Author

Kota Abe, Michael S. Witherell, Robert Wilson, R. J. Morrison, S. McHugh, P.E. Rensing, Y. Kwon, David O. Caldwell, G. Hallewell, P. Stiles, A. Lu, A. d'Oliveria, T. Bienz, J. Huber, W. Dunwoodie, J. S. Whitaker, R. A. Johnson, S. Yellin, K. Hasegawa, G. Oxoby, P. Antilogus, S. H. Williams, E.N. Spencer, C. Simopoulos, N. Toge, A.K.S. Santha, J. Martinez, Dominik Müller, J. Va'vra, M. Nussbaum, S. L. Shapiro, P. Coyle, D. W. G. S. Leith, J. Duboscq, P. Jacques, H. Kawahara, A. L. Shoup, D. Marshall, P. Stamer, A. Bean, R. Plano, D. G. Coyne, B. N. Ratcliff, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, D. Aston, F. Bird, F. Suekane, S. Dasu, E. P. Solodov, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, and I. Stockdale

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Particle detector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Nuclear electronics, Miniaturization, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Collider, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The front-end electronics of the Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) used in the Stanford Large Detector (SLD) spectrometer at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) Linear Collider is described. The Plessey process provides a straightforward and low-cost path toward system miniaturization. System tests show good noise performance, calibration precision, system linearity, and signal shape uniformity over the full dynamic range. >

Published
1991

229. Production of 400 mirrors with high VUV reflectivity for use in the SLD Cherenkov ring imaging detector

Author

T. Bienz, W. Dunwoodie, Robert Wilson, J. S. Whitaker, R. A. Johnson, M. Nussbaum, A. Bean, P.E. Rensing, A. L. Shoup, Michael S. Witherell, J. Va'vra, J. Martinez, P. Datte, P. Coyle, G. Hallewell, J. Huber, S. Yellin, Koji Abe, P. Jacques, S. L. Shapiro, H. Kawahara, A. Lu, F. Suekane, J. Duboscq, P. Stamer, P. Antilogus, P. Gagnon, R. Plano, A.K.S. Santha, Dominik Müller, David A. Williams, C. Simopoulos, D. W. G. S. Leith, R. J. Morrison, T.J. Pavel, Kazuo Hasegawa, S. McHugh, David O. Caldwell, Y. Kwon, M. Hilton, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, D. L. Hale, D. G. Coyne, B. N. Ratcliff, E. P. Solodov, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, I. Stockdale, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, D. Aston, and F. Bird

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Scattering, Cherenkov detector, Detector, Ray, law.invention, Optics, law, Distortion, Surface roughness, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, business, Collider, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The Stanford Large Detector for experimental particle physics detection at the SLAC Linear Collider contains a Cherenkov ring imaging detector (CRID). The barrel CRID mirrors have been successfully produced and installed. The industrial mirror production process, the quality control of the mirrors produced, and the results of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) reflectivity and mirror-shape accuracy are described. An average reflectivity of at least 80% for light at 160 nm and 85% for light in the 180–230 nm wavelength range has been achieved in the production of over 400 mirrors of a typical size of 30 by 30 cm. The surface roughness and optical distortion measurements imply that the light loss due to scattering is a few percent of the incident light and the angular error due to shape distortion is less than 1 mrad.

Published
1991

230. Spatial patterns of glutamate and thymidine assimilation in Bransfield Strait, antarctia during and following the austral spring bloom

Author

David F. Bird and David M. Karl

Subjects
Oceanography, Spatial ecology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial variability, Spring bloom, Plankton, Biology, Hydrography, Algal bloom, General Environmental Science, Thymidine incorporation, Late summer
Abstract

Extensive temporal and spatial measurements of microheterotrophic metabolism obtained during the RACER (Research on Antarctic Coastal Ecossystem Rates) program were used to determine the importance of biological and physical characteristics of the water to microbial rates in situ. During the 4-month samppling period, the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into macromolecules ranged two orders of magnitude over the RACER study area; [3H]glutamate incorporation varied 170-fold. The highest mean values and greatest spatial variation in microheterotrophic activity occurred in January, during the decline of the seasonal phytoplankton bloom. Examination of relationships among hydrographic and biological variables was carried out through a study of spatial autocorrelation structure. Low-order positive, and high-order negative autocorrelations were associated with a gradient in biological activity from maxima in the northern Gerlache Strait to minima in Drake Passage. Primary factors correlated with microheterotrophic activity were total pigments (i.e. [Chl α + phaeopigment] concentration), total microbial biomass (i.e. ATP) and bacterial abundance. We also found evidence that the temperature history of a site had a stronger bearing on production than did contemporaneously measured temperature. The strength of interactions between microheterotrophs and other plankton components varied with time. The relationships that held during the phytoplankton bloom (December) were sttrengthened and modified during the period of most intensive microheterothroph activity (January), and then collapsed and were replaced by other relationships in late summer (March) when microheterotrophic activity was low throughout the study area.

Published
1991

231. Microbial biomass and population diversity in the upper water column of the Black Sea

Author

David F. Bird and David M. Karl

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), biology, Phototroph, Ecology, Microorganism, Marine habitats, biology.organism_classification, Anoxic waters, Oceanography, Water column, Abundance (ecology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Achromatium, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Estimates of bacterial abundance, bacterial biomass and microplankton biomass in the Black Sea were made in the upper portion of the water column (0–500 m) during the second leg (14–28 May 1988) of the U.S.-Turkey Expedition aboard R.V. Knorr. The microbial biomass maximum at the interface between oxygenated and sulfide-rich waters, seen in previous years in the Black Sea and generally characteristic of redoxclines in other anoxic marine habitats, was absent on this occasion. In spite of the absence of a general enrichment in total microbial or bacterial biomass across the oxic-to-anoxic boundary, there were sharply delineated populations of microorganisms living at specific depths within the redoxcline. Among the microbial groups present were phototrophic bacteria, ciliates bearing attached bacteria and putative Achromatium cells.

Published
1991

233. Dental education in Peru

Author

Lyly Rodiguez, Doris Sato, Takashi Komabayashi, Manuel Sato, and William F. Bird

Subjects
Dental practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Dentists, education, Dentistry, Dental License, Successful completion, Dental education, Dental licensure, stomatognathic system, Peru, Humans, Medicine, School Admission Criteria, Education, Dental, General Dentistry, Curriculum, Licensure, business.industry, Licensure, Dental, stomatognathic diseases, Family medicine, Schools, Dental, business, School system
Abstract

This paper provides information about Peru's dental history and dental school system, including the curriculum and dental licensure. With the increase in the number of dental schools in Peru, the number of dentists is also increasing. Until 1965, Peru had only three dental schools; currently, there are 14. Four of these dental schools are public, and ten are private. A five- or six-year dental program leads to the B.D.S. degree. After successful completion of a thesis defense or competency examination, the D.D.S. degree is awarded. The D.D.S. is mandatory for practicing dentistry in Peru. Currently, there are approximately 14,000 active dentists, with a dentist-patient ratio of approximately 1:2,000. (J. Oral Sci. 50, 341-344, 2008)

Published
2008
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234. Monitor and control systems for the SLD Cherenkov ring-imaging detector

Author

Robert Wilson, S. Dasu, K. Hasegawa, P. Zucchelli, M.D. Sokoloff, Randall P. Johnson, A. Lu, G. Hallewell, B. Meadows, D. G. Coyne, M. Cavalli-Sforza, J. Martinez, Koya Abe, C. Simopoulos, P. Coyle, J. Va'vra, T. Bienz, P. Stamer, M. Nussbaum, W. Dunwoodie, S. McHugh, Michael S. Witherell, J. S. Whitaker, L. Rabinowitz, P. Antilogus, F. Fernandez, P. Gagnon, David O. Caldwell, H. Kawahara, P. Korff, J. Duboscq, S. Yellin, E. P. Solodov, David A. Williams, T.J. Pavel, S. Attanagoda, H. Yuta, L. Mathys, B. N. Ratcliff, S. L. Shapiro, F. Suekane, P.E. Rensing, A. Bean, I. Stockdale, R. J. Morrison, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, F. Bird, D. W. G. S. Leith, R. Plano, J. Huber, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, D. Aston, A. L. Shoup, Dominik Müller, P. Jacques, and Y. Kwon

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Optical fiber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Pressure control, Detector, Particle detector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Optics, Data acquisition, law, Measuring instrument, business, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

To help ensure the stable long-term operation of a Cherenkov ring-imaging detector at high efficiency, a comprehensive monitor and control system is being developed. This system will continuously monitor and maintain the correct operating temperatures, and will provide an on-line monitor of the pressures, flows, mixing and purity of the various fluids. In addition, the velocities and trajectories of Cherenkov photoelectrons drifting within the imaging chambers will be measured using a pulsed UV lamp and a fiber-optic light injection system.

Published
1990

235. Vital staining of glycoprotein secreted by infective third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus prior to exsheathment

Author

Alan F. Bird

Subjects
Muda, chemistry.chemical_classification, Staining and Labeling, biology, Histocytochemistry, Helminth Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Staining, Infectious Diseases, Nematode, Vital stain, chemistry, Ecdysis, parasitic diseases, Immunology, Animals, Parasite hosting, Haemonchus, Parasitology, Glycoprotein, Glycoproteins, Haemonchus contortus
Abstract

Staining of infective third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus prior to exsheathment shows that protein is exuded from the head region and spreads between the cuticles and that a carbohydrate-containing substance is also found between the L2 and L3 cuticles throughout, at exactly the same sites in this nematode. This glycoprotein, which is either secreted from the mouth or the amphids or both is exuded whether or not the larvae have been stimulated to exsheath. Slight staining was also sometimes detected at the secretory-excretory pore and to an even lesser extent at the anus. This glycoprotein is thought to function as a lubricant to prevent abrasion between the cuticles. It accumulates in areas where there is greatest space between the cuticles such as the head, tail and where bending of the nematode body occurs.

Published
1990

236. Construction and testing of the SLD Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector

Author

M. Nussbaum, D. Aston, P. Antilogus, P. Gagnon, A.K.S. Santha, Robert Wilson, A. Bean, P. Zucchelli, S. McHugh, J. Va'vra, David O. Caldwell, S. Yellin, S. H. Williams, N. Toge, E. P. Solodov, H. Yuta, C. Simopoulos, L. Mathys, F. Suekane, Brian Meadows, K. Hasegawa, T. Bienz, J. Martinez, P. Coyle, W. Dunwoodie, J. Duboscq, S. L. Shapiro, G. Hallewell, I. Stockdale, J. S. Whitaker, R. A. Johnson, Michael S. Witherell, S. Dasu, R. Plano, Kota Abe, M. Cavalli-Sforza, H. Kawahara, F. Bird, D.C. Schultz, D. G. Coyne, D. W. G. S. Leith, T. Nagamine, T.J. Pavel, P.E. Rensing, J. Huber, Dominik Müller, R. J. Morrison, P. Stamer, Y. Kwon, David A. Williams, P. Jacques, A. L. Shoup, A. Lu, and B. N. Ratcliff

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Particle accelerator, Particle detector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Measuring instrument, Radiator (engine cooling), Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Collider, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The construction of the Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) for the SLD (Stanford Linear Collider Large Detector) experiment at the SLAC (Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) Linear Collider and the testing of its components is reported. Results are included from testing the drift boxes, liquid radiator trays, and mirrors for the barrel CRID. The development of the support systems essential for the operation of the CRID, namely, gas and liquid recirculation systems and monitoring, are discussed. >

Published
1990

237. Search for neutral Higgs bosons from supersymmetry in Z decays

Author

D. Decamp, B. Deschizeaux, J.-P. Lees, M.-N. Minard, J.M. Crespo, M. Delfino, E. Fernandez, M. Martinez, R. Miquel, Ll.M. Mir, S. Orteu, A. Pacheco, J.A. Perlas, E. Tubau, M.G. Catanesi, M. De Palma, A. Farilla, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, A. Ranieri, G. Raso, F. Romano, F. Ruggieri, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, P. Tempesta, G. Zito, H. Hu, D. Huang, J. Lin, T. Ruan, T. Wang, W. Wu, Y. Xie, D. Xu, R. Xu, J. Zhang, W. Zhao, H. Albrecht, W.B. Atwood, F. Bird, E. Blucher, T.H. Burnett, T. Charity, H. Drevermann, Ll. Garrido, C. Grab, R. Hagelberg, S. Haywood, B. Jost, M. Kasemann, G. Kellner, J. Knobloch, A. Lacourt, I. Lehraus, T. Lohse, D. Lüke, A. Marchioro, P. Mato, J. May, A. Minten, A. Miotto, P. Palazzi, M. Pepe-Altarelli, F. Ranjard, A. Roth, J. Rothberg, H. Rotscheidt, W. von Rüden, R. St.Denis, D. Schlatter, M. Takashima, M. Talby, H. Taureg, W. Tejessy, H. Wachsmuth, S. Wheeler, W. Wiedenmann, W. Witzeling, J. Wotschack, Z. Ajaltouni, M. Bardadin-Otwinowska, A. Falvard, P. Gay, P. Henrard, J. Jousset, B. Michel, J-C. Montret, D. Pallin, P. Perret, J. Proriol, F. Prulhière, J.D. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, P.H. Hansen, R. Møllerud, G. Petersen, E. Simopoulou, A. Vayaki, J. Badier, A. Blondel, G. Bonneaud, J. Bourotte, F. Braems, J.C. Brient, M.A. Ciocci, G. Fouque, R. Guirlet, A. Rougé, M. Rumpf, R. Tanaka, H. Videau, I. Videau, D.J. Candlin, A. Conti, G. Parrini, M. Corden, C. Georgiopoulos, J.H. Goldman, M. Ikeda, J. Lannutti, D. Levinthal, M. Mermikides, L. Sawyer, G. Stimpfl, A. Antonelli, R. Baldini, G. Bencivenni, G. Bologna, F. Bossi, P. Campana, G. Capon, V. Chiarella, G. De Ninno, B. D'Ettorre-Piazzoli, G. Felici, P. Laurelli, G. Mannocchi, F. Murtas, G.P. Murtas, G. Nicoletti, P. Picchi, P. Zografou, B. Altoon, O. Boyle, A.W. Halley, I. Ten Have, J.L. Hearns, I.S. Hughes, J.G. Lynch, W.T. Morton, C. Raine, J.M. Scarr, K. Smith, A.S. Thompson, B. Brandl, O. Braun, R. Geiges, C. Geweniger, P. Hanke, V. Hepp, E.E. Kluge, Y. Maumary, M. Panter, A. Putzer, B. Rensch, A. Stahl, K. Tittel, M. Wunsch, A.T. Belk, R. Beuselinck, D.M. Binnie, W. Cameron, M. Cattaneo, P.J. Dornan, S. Dugeay, R.W. Forty, A.M. Greene, J.F. Hassard, S.J. Patton, J.K. Sedgbeer, G. Taylor, I.R. Tomalin, A.G. Wright, P. Girtler, D. Kuhn, G. Rudolph, C.K. Bowdery, T.J. Brodbeck, A.J. Finch, F. Foster, G. Hughes, N.R. Keemer, M. Nuttall, B.S. Rowlingson, T. Sloan, S.W. Snow, T. Barczewski, L.A.T. Bauerdick, K. Kleinknecht, B. Renk, S. Roehn, H.-G. Sander, M. Schmelling, F. Steeg, J.-P. Albanese, J.-J. Aubert, C. Benchouk, A. Bonissent, D. Courvoisier, F. Etienne, E. Matsinos, S. Papalexiou, P. Payre, B. Pietrzyk, Z. Qian, W. Blum, P. Cattaneo, G. Cowan, B. Dehning, H. Dietl, M. Fernandez-Bosman, D. Hauff, A. Jahn, E. Lange, G. Lütjens, G. Lutz, W. Männer, H.-G. Moser, Y. Pan, R. Richter, A.S. Schwarz, R. Settles, U. Stiegler, U. Stierlin, J. Thomas, G. Waltermann, V. Bertin, G. De Bouard, J. Boucrot, O. Callot, X. Chen, A. Cordier, M. Davier, G. Ganis, J.-F. Grivaz, Ph. Heusse, P. Janot, V. Journé, D.W. Kim, J. Lefrançois, A.-M. Lutz, J.-J. Veillet, F. Zomer, S.R. Amendolia, G. Bagliesi, G. Batignani, L. Bosisio, U. Bottigli, C. Bradaschia, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. Foà, E. Focardi, F. Forti, A. Giassi, M.A. Giorgi, F. Ligabue, A. Lusiani, E.B. Mannelli, P.S. Marrocchesi, A. Messineo, F. Palla, G. Sanguinetti, S. Scapellato, J. Steinberger, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, G. Triggiani, J.M. Carter, M.G. Green, P.V. March, T. Medcalf, M.R. Saich, J.A. Strong, R.M. Thomas, T. Wildish, D.R. Botterill, R.W. Clifft, T.R. Edgecock, M. Edwards, S.M. Fisher, J. Harvey, T.J. Jones, P.R. Norton, D.P. Salmon, J.C. Thompson, E. Aubourg, B. Bloch-Devaux, P. Colas, C. Klopfenstein, E. Lançon, E. Locci, S. Loucatos, L. Mirabito, E. Monnier, P. Perez, F. Perrier, J. Rander, J.-F. Renardy, A. Roussarie, J.-P. Schuller, J.G. Ashman, C.N. Booth, F. Combley, M. Dinsdale, J. Martin, D. Parker, L.F. Thompson, S. Brandt, H. Burkhardt, C. Grupen, H. Meinhard, E. Neugebauer, U. Schäfer, H. Seywerd, B. Gobbo, F. Liello, E. Milotti, F. Ragusa, L. Rolandi, L. Bellantoni, J.F. Boudreau, D. Cinabro, J.S. Conway, D.F. Cowen, Z. Feng, J.L. Harton, J. Hilgart, R.C. Jared, R.P. Johnson, B.W. Leclaire, Y.B. Pan, T. Parker, J.R. Pater, Y. Saadi, V. Sharma, J.A. Wear, F.V. Weber, null Sau Lan Wu, S.T. Xue, G. Zobernig, Decamp, D, Deschizeaux, B, Lees, Jp, Minard, Mn, Crespo, Jm, Delfino, M, Fernandez, E, Martinez, M, Miquel, R, Mir, Lm, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Perlas, Ja, Tubau, E, Catanesi, Mg, Depalma, M, Farilla, A, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Natali, S, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Romano, F, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Zito, G, Hu, H, Huang, D, Lin, J, Ruan, T, Wang, T, Wu, W, Xie, Y, Xu, D, Xu, R, Zhang, J, Zhao, W, Albrecht, H, Atwood, Wb, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Burnett, Th, Charity, T, Drevermann, H, Garrido, L, Grab, C, Hagelberg, R, Haywood, S, Jost, B, Kasemann, M, Kellner, G, Knobloch, J, Lacourt, A, Lehraus, I, Lohse, T, Luke, D, Marchioro, A, Mato, P, May, J, Minten, A, Miotto, A, Palazzi, P, Pepealtarelli, M, Ranjard, F, Roth, A, Rothberg, J, Rotscheidt, H, Vonruden, W, Stdenis, R, Schlatter, D, Takashima, M, Talby, M, Taureg, H, Tejessy, W, Wachsmuth, H, Wheeler, S, Wiedenmann, W, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Ajaltouni, Z, Bardadinotwinowska, M, Falvard, A, Gay, P, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Montret, Jc, Pallin, D, Perret, P, Proriol, J, Prulhiere, F, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Hansen, Ph, Mollerud, R, Petersen, G, Simopoulou, E, Vayaki, A, Badier, J, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Bourotte, J, Braems, F, Brient, Jc, Ciocci, Ma, Fouque, G, Guirlet, R, Rouge, A, Rumpf, M, Tanaka, R, Videau, H, Videau, I, Candlin, Dj, Conti, A, Parrini, G, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Goldman, Jh, Ikeda, M, Lannutti, J, Levinthal, D, Mermikides, M, Sawyer, L, Stimpfl, G, Antonelli, A, Baldini, R, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Deninno, G, Dettorrepiazzoli, B, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, F, Murtas, Gp, Nicoletti, G, Picchi, P, Zografou, P, Altoon, B, Boyle, O, Halley, Aw, Tenhave, I, Hearns, Jl, Hughes, I, Lynch, Jg, Morton, Wt, Raine, C, Scarr, Jm, Smith, K, Thompson, A, Brandl, B, Braun, O, Geiges, R, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hepp, V, Kluge, Ee, Maumary, Y, Panter, M, Putzer, A, Rensch, B, Stahl, A, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Belk, At, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, Dm, Cameron, W, Cattaneo, M, Dornan, Pj, Dugeay, S, Forty, Rw, Greene, Am, Hassard, Jf, Patton, Sj, Sedgbeer, Jk, Taylor, G, Tomalin, Ir, Wright, Ag, Girtler, P, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Bowdery, Ck, Brodbeck, Tj, Finch, Aj, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Keemer, Nr, Nuttall, M, Rowlingson, B, Sloan, T, Snow, Sw, Barczewski, T, Bauerdick, Lat, Kleinknecht, K, Renk, B, Roehn, S, Sander, Hg, Schmelling, M, Steeg, F, Albanese, Jp, Aubert, Jj, Benchouk, C, Bonissent, A, Courvoisier, D, Etienne, F, Matsinos, E, Papalexiou, S, Payre, P, Pietrzyk, B, Qian, Z, Blum, W, Cattaneo, P, Cowan, G, Dehning, B, Dietl, H, Fernandezbosman, M, Hauff, D, Jahn, A, Lange, E, Lutjens, G, Lutz, G, Manner, W, Moser, Hg, Pan, Y, Richter, R, Schwarz, A, Settles, R, Stiegler, U, Stierlin, U, Thomas, J, Waltermann, G, Bertin, V, Debouard, G, Boucrot, J, Callot, O, Chen, X, Cordier, A, Davier, M, Ganis, G, Grivaz, Jf, Heusse, P, Janot, P, Journe, V, Kim, Dw, Lefrancois, J, Lutz, Am, Veillet, Jj, Zomer, F, Amendolia, Sr, Bagliesi, G, Batignani, G, Bosisio, L, Bottigli, U, Bradaschia, C, Ferrante, I, Fidecaro, F, Foa, L, Focardi, E, Forti, F, Giassi, A, Giorgi, Ma, Ligabue, Franco, Lusiani, Alberto, Mannelli, Eb, Marrocchesi, P, Messineo, A, Palla, F, Sanguinetti, G, Scapellato, S, Steinberger, J, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Triggiani, G, Carter, Jm, Green, Mg, March, Pv, Medcalf, T, Saich, Mr, Strong, Ja, Thomas, Rm, Wildish, T, Botterill, Dr, Clifft, Rw, Edgecock, Tr, Edwards, M, Fisher, Sm, Harvey, J, Jones, Tj, Norton, Pr, Salmon, Dp, Thompson, Jc, Aubourg, E, Blochdevaux, B, Colas, P, Klopfenstein, C, Lancon, E, Locci, E, Loucatos, S, Mirabito, L, Monnier, E, Perez, P, Perrier, F, Rander, J, Renardy, Jf, Roussarie, A, Schuller, Jp, Ashman, Jg, Booth, Cn, Combley, F, Dinsdale, M, Martin, J, Parker, D, Thompson, Lf, Brandt, S, Burkhardt, H, Grupen, C, Meinhard, H, Neugebauer, E, Schafer, U, Seywerd, H, Gobbo, B, Liello, F, Milotti, E, Ragusa, F, Rolandi, Luigi, Bellantoni, L, Boudreau, Jf, Cinabro, D, Conway, J, Cowen, Df, Feng, Z, Harton, Jl, Hilgart, J, Jared, Rc, Johnson, Rp, Leclaire, Bw, Pan, Yb, Parker, T, Pater, Jr, Saadi, Y, Sharma, V, Wear, Ja, Weber, Fv, Wu, Sl, Xue, St, and Zobernig, G.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Elementary particle, Supersymmetry, lcsh:QC1-999, Standard Model, Pseudoscalar, symbols.namesake, Higgs boson, symbols, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Higgs mechanism, Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, Boson
Abstract

The light scalar Higgs boson h and the pseudoscalar Higgs boson A of the minimal supersymmetric standard model have been searched for in the processes e+e−→hff and e+e−→hA using data collected by ALEPH at the LEP e+e− collider, with center of mass energies at and near the Z peak. Using a variety of signatures adapted to various mass ranges for h and A, we have excluded a large domain in the parameter space. For large values of ν2ν1, the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs fields, the whole range from 0 to 38.8 GeV is excluded for Mh and MA at 95% CL.

Published
1990

238. Search for supersymmetric particles using acoplanar charged-particle pairs from Z0 decays

Author

D. Decamp, B. Deschizeaux, J.-P. Lees, M.-N. Minard, J.M. Crespo, M. Delfino, E. Fernandez, M. Martinez, R. Miquel, Ll.M. Mir, S. Orteu, A. Pacheco, J.A. Perlas, E. Tubau, M.G. Catanesi, M. De Palma, A. Farilla, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, A. Mastrogiacomo, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, A. Ranieri, G. Raso, F. Romano, F. Ruggieri, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, P. Tempesta, G. Zito, Y. Chen, H. Hu, D. Huang, J. Lin, T. Ruan, T. Wang, W. Wu, Y. Xie, D. Xu, R. Xu, J. Zhang, W. Zhao, H. Albrecht, F. Bird, E. Blucher, T. Charity, H. Drevermann, Ll. Garrido, C. Grab, R. Hagelberg, S. Haywood, B. Jost, M. Kasemann, G. Kellner, J. Knobloch, A. Lacourt, I. Lehraus, T. Lohse, D. Lüke, A. Marchioro, P. Mato, J. May, V. Mertens, A. Minten, A. Miotto, P. Palazzi, M. Pepe-Altarelli, F. Ranjard, J. Richstein, A. Roth, J. Rothberg, H. Rotscheidt, W. Von Rüden, R.St. Denis, D. Schlatter, M. Takashima, M. Talby, H. Taureg, W. Tejessy, H. Wachsmuth, S. Wheeler, W. Wiedenmann, W. Witzeling, J. Wotschack, Z. Ajaltouni, M. Bardadin-Otwinowska, A. Falvard, P. Gay, P. Henrard, J. Jousset, B. Michel, J-C. Montret, D. Pallin, P. Perret, J. Prat, J. Proriol, F. Prulhière, H. Bertelsen, F. Hansen, J.D. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, P.H. Hansen, A. Lindahl, B. Madsen, R. Møllerud, B.S. Nilsson, G. Petersen, E. Simopoulou, A. Vayaki, J. Badier, D. Bernard, A. Blondel, G. Bonneaud, J. Bourotte, F. Braems, J.C. Brient, M.A. Ciocci, G. Fouque, R. Guirlet, P. Miné, A. Rougé, M. Rumpf, H. Videau, I. Videau, D. Zwierski, D.J. Candlin, A. Conti, G. Parrini, M. Corden, C. Georgiopoulos, J.H. Goldman, M. Ikeda, J. Lannutti, D. Levinthal, M. Mermikides, L. Sawyer, A. Antonelli, R. Baldini, G. Bencivenni, G. Bologna, F. Bossi, P. Campana, G. Capon, V. Chiarella, G. De Ninno, B. D'Ettorre-Piazzoli, G. Felici, P. Laurelli, G. Mannocchi, F. Murtas, G.P. Murtas, G. Nicoletti, P. Picchi, P. Zografou, B. Altoon, O. Boyle, A.J. Flavell, A.W. Halley, I. Ten Have, J.L. Hearns, I.S. Hughes, J.G. Lynch, D.J. Martin, R. O'Neill, C. Raine, J.M. Scarr, K. Smith, A.S. Thompson, B. Brandl, O. Braun, R. Geiges, C. Geweniger, P. Hanke, V. Hepp, E.E. Kluge, Y. Maumary, M. Panter, A. Putzer, B. Rensch, A. Stahl, K. Tittel, M. Wunsch, A.T. Belk, R. Beuselinck, D.M. Binnie, W. Cameron, M. Cattaneo, P.J. Dornan, A.M. Greene, S. Dugeay, R.W. Forty, J.F. Hassard, S. Patton, J.K. Sedgbeer, G. Taylor, I.R. Tomalin, A.G. Wright, P. Girtler, D. Kuhn, G. Rudolph, C.K. Bowdery, T.J. Brodbeck, A.J. Finch, F. Foster, G. Hughes, N.R. Keemer, M. Nuttall, B.S. Rowlingson, T. Sloan, S.W. Snow, T. Barczewski, L.A.T. Bauerdick, K. Kleinknecht, B. Renk, S. Roehn, H.-G. Sander, M. Schmelling, F. Steeg, J.-P. Albanese, J.-J. Aubert, C. Benchouk, A. Bonissent, F. Etienne, R. Nacasch, P. Payre, B. Pietrzyk, Z. Qian, W. Blum, P. Cattaneo, M. Comin, G. Cowan, B. Dehning, H. Dietl, M. Fernandez-Bosman, D. Hauff, A. Jahn, E. Lange, G. Lütjens, G. Lutz, W. Männer, H.-G. Moser, Y. Pan, R. Richter, A.S. Schwarz, R. Settles, U. Stiegler, U. Stierlin, G. Stimpfl, J. Thomas, G. Waltermann, G. De Bouard, J. Boucrot, O. Callot, X. Chen, A. Cordier, M. Davier, G. Ganis, J.-F. Grivaz, Ph. Heusse, P. Janot, V. Journé, D.W. Kim, J. Lefrançois, D. Lloyd-Owen, A.-M. Lutz, P. Marotte, J.-J. Veillet, S.R. Amendolia, G. Bagliesi, G. Batignani, L. Bosisio, U. Bottigli, C. Bradaschia, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. Foà, E. Focardi, F. Forti, A. Giassi, M.A. Giorgi, F. Ligabue, A. Lusiani, E.B. Mannelli, P.S. Marrocchesi, A. Messineo, F. Palla, G. Sanguinetti, S. Scapellato, J. Steinberger, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, G. Triggiani, J.M. Carter, B.J. Green, M.G. Green, A.K. McKemey, P.V. March, T. Medcalf, M.R. Saich, J.A. Strong, R.M. Thomas, T. Wildish, D.R. Botterill, R.W. Clifft, T.R. Edgecock, M. Edwards, S.M. Fisher, J. Harvey, D.L. Hill, T.J. Jones, M. Morrissey, P.R. Norton, D.P. Salmon, J.C. Thompson, B. Bloch-Devaux, P. Colas, C. Klopfenstein, E. Lançon, E. Locci, S. Loucatos, L. Mirabito, E. Monnier, P. Perez, F. Perrier, J. Rander, J.-F. Renardy, A. Roussarie, J.-P. Schuller, J.G. Ashman, C.N. Booth, F. Combley, M. Dinsdale, J. Martin, D. Parker, L.F. Thompson, S. Brandt, H. Burkhardt, C. Grupen, H. Meinhard, E. Neugebauer, U. Schäfer, H. Seywerd, K. Stupperich, B. Gobbo, F. Liello, E. Milotti, F. Ragusa, L. Rolandi, L. Bellantoni, J.F. Boudreau, D. Cinabro, J.S. Conway, D.F. Cowen, Z. Feng, J.L. Harton, J. Hilgart, R.C. Jared, R.P. Johnson, B.W. Leclaire, Y.B. Pan, T. Parker, J.R. Pater, Y. Saadi, V. Sharma, J.A. Wear, F.V. Weber, Sau Lan Wu, S.T. Xue, G. Zobernig, Decamp, D, Deschizeaux, B, Lees, Jp, Minard, Mn, Crespo, Jm, Delfino, M, Fernandez, E, Martinez, M, Miquel, R, Mir, Lm, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Perlas, Ja, Tubau, E, Catanesi, Mg, Depalma, M, Farilla, A, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Mastrogiacomo, A, Natali, S, Nuzzo, S, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Romano, F, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Zito, G, Chen, Y, Hu, H, Huang, D, Lin, J, Ruan, T, Wang, T, Wu, W, Xie, Y, Xu, D, Xu, R, Zhang, J, Zhao, W, Albrecht, H, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Charity, T, Drevermann, H, Garrido, L, Grab, C, Hagelberg, R, Haywood, S, Jost, B, Kasemann, M, Kellner, G, Knobloch, J, Lacourt, A, Lehraus, I, Lohse, T, Luke, D, Marchioro, A, Mato, P, May, J, Mertens, V, Minten, A, Miotto, A, Palazzi, P, Pepealtarelli, M, Ranjard, F, Richstein, J, Roth, A, Rothberg, J, Rotscheidt, H, Vonruden, W, Stdenis, R, Schlatter, D, Takashima, M, Talby, M, Taureg, H, Tejessy, W, Wachsmuth, H, Wheeler, S, Wiedenmann, W, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Ajaltouni, Z, Bardadinotwinowska, M, Falvard, A, Gay, P, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Montret, Jc, Pallin, D, Perret, P, Prat, J, Proriol, J, Prulhiere, F, Bertelsen, H, Hansen, F, Hansen, Jd, Hansen, Jr, Hansen, Ph, Lindahl, A, Madsen, B, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Petersen, G, Simopoulou, E, Vayaki, A, Badier, J, Bernard, D, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Bourotte, J, Braems, F, Brient, Jc, Ciocci, Ma, Fouque, G, Guirlet, R, Mine, P, Rouge, A, Rumpf, M, Videau, H, Videau, I, Zwierski, D, Candlin, Dj, Conti, A, Parrini, G, Corden, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Goldman, Jh, Ikeda, M, Lannutti, J, Levinthal, D, Mermikides, M, Sawyer, L, Antonelli, A, Baldini, R, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Chiarella, V, Deninno, G, Dettorrepiazzoli, B, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, F, Murtas, Gp, Nicoletti, G, Picchi, P, Zografou, P, Altoon, B, Boyle, O, Flavell, Aj, Halley, Aw, Tenhave, I, Hearns, Jl, Hughes, I, Lynch, Jg, Martin, Dj, Oneill, R, Raine, C, Scarr, Jm, Smith, K, Thompson, A, Brandl, B, Braun, O, Geiges, R, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hepp, V, Kluge, Ee, Maumary, Y, Panter, M, Putzer, A, Rensch, B, Stahl, A, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Belk, At, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, Dm, Cameron, W, Cattaneo, M, Dornan, Pj, Greene, Am, Dugeay, S, Forty, Rw, Hassard, Jf, Patton, S, Sedgbeer, Jk, Taylor, G, Tomalin, Ir, Wright, Ag, Girtler, P, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Bowdery, Ck, Brodbeck, Tj, Finch, Aj, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Keemer, Nr, Nuttall, M, Rowlingson, B, Sloan, T, Snow, Sw, Barczewski, T, Bauerdick, Lat, Kleinknecht, K, Renk, B, Roehn, S, Sander, Hg, Schmelling, M, Steeg, F, Albanese, Jp, Aubert, Jj, Benchouk, C, Bonissent, A, Etienne, F, Nacasch, R, Payre, P, Pietrzyk, B, Qian, Z, Blum, W, Cattaneo, P, Comin, M, Cowan, G, Dehning, B, Dietl, H, Fernandezbosman, M, Hauff, D, Jahn, A, Lange, E, Lutjens, G, Lutz, G, Manner, W, Moser, Hg, Pan, Y, Richter, R, Schwarz, A, Settles, R, Stiegler, U, Stierlin, U, Stimpfl, G, Thomas, J, Waltermann, G, Debouard, G, Boucrot, J, Callot, O, Chen, X, Cordier, A, Davier, M, Ganis, G, Grivaz, Jf, Heusse, P, Janot, P, Journe, V, Kim, Dw, Lefrancois, J, Lloydowen, D, Lutz, Am, Marotte, P, Veillet, Jj, Amendolia, Sr, Bagliesi, G, Batignani, G, Bosisio, L, Bottigli, U, Bradaschia, C, Ferrante, I, Fidecaro, F, Foa, L, Focardi, E, Forti, F, Giassi, A, Giorgi, Ma, Ligabue, Franco, Lusiani, Alberto, Mannelli, Eb, Marrocchesi, P, Messineo, A, Palla, F, Sanguinetti, G, Scapellato, S, Steinberger, J, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Triggiani, G, Carter, Jm, Green, Bj, Green, Mg, Mckemey, Ak, March, Pv, Medcalf, T, Saich, Mr, Strong, Ja, Thomas, Rm, Wildish, T, Botterill, Dr, Clifft, Rw, Edgecock, Tr, Edwards, M, Fisher, Sm, Harvey, J, Hill, Dl, Jones, Tj, Morrissey, M, Norton, Pr, Salmon, Dp, Thompson, Jc, Blochdevaux, B, Colas, P, Klopfenstein, C, Lancon, E, Locci, E, Loucatos, S, Mirabito, L, Monnier, E, Perez, P, Perrier, F, Rander, J, Renardy, Jf, Roussarie, A, Schuller, Jp, Ashman, Jg, Booth, Cn, Combley, F, Dinsdale, M, Martin, J, Parker, D, Thompson, Lf, Brandt, S, Burkhardt, H, Grupen, C, Meinhard, H, Neugebauer, E, Schafer, U, Seywerd, H, Stupperich, K, Gobbo, B, Liello, F, Milotti, E, Ragusa, F, Rolandi, Luigi, Bellantoni, L, Boudreau, Jf, Cinabro, D, Conway, J, Cowen, Df, Feng, Z, Harton, Jl, Hilgart, J, Jared, Rc, Johnson, Rp, Leclaire, Bw, Pan, Yb, Parker, T, Pater, Jr, Saadi, Y, Sharma, V, Wear, Ja, Weber, Fv, Wu, Sl, Xue, St, and Zobernig, G.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Elementary particle, Supersymmetry, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Chargino, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Photino, Particle Physics - Experiment, Boson
Abstract

We have performed a search for supersymmetric particles using acoplanar pairs of oppositely-charged particles in decays of the Z0. In 0.53 pb−1 of integrated luminosity near the Z0 peak, we observe two events where approximately four are expected from background, allowing limits to be extended on combined photino and slepton masses, and also on combined photino and chargino masses.

Published
1990

239. Properties of hadronic events in e+e− annihilation at

Author

D. Decamp, B. Deschizeaux, J.-P. Lees, M.-N. Minard, J.M. Crespo, M. Delfino, E. Fernandez, M. Martinez, R. Miquel, M.L. Mir, S. Orteu, A. Pacheco, J.A. Perlas, E. Tubau, M.G. Catanesi, M. De Palma, A. Farilla, G. Iaselli, G. Maggi, A. Mastrogiacomo, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, A. Ranieri, G. Raso, F. Romano, F. Ruggieri, G. Selvaggi, L. Silvestris, P. Tempesta, G. Zito, Y. Chen, H. Hu, D. Huang, J. Lin, T. Ruan, T. Wang, W. Wu, Y. Xie, D. Xu, R. Xu, J. Zhang, W. Zhao, H. Albrecht, F. Bird, E. Blucher, T. Charity, H. Drevermann, Ll. Garrido, C. Grab, R. Hagelberg, S. Haywood, B. Jost, M. Kasemann, G. Kellner, J. Knobloch, A. Lacourt, I. Lehraus, T. Lohse, D. Lüke, A. Marchioro, P. Mato, J. May, V. Mertens, A. Minten, A. Miotto, P. Palazzi, M. Pepe-Altarelli, F. Ranjard, J. Richstein, A. Roth, J. Rothberg, H. Rotscheidt, W. Von Rüden, R. St.Denis, D. Schlatter, M. Takashima, M. Talby, H. Taureg, W. Tejessy, H. Wachsmuth, S. Wheeler, W. Wiedenmann, W. Witzeling, J. Wotschack, Z. Ajaltouni, M. Bardadin-Otwinowska, A. Falvard, P. Gay, P. Henrard, J. Jousset, B. Michel, J.-C. Montret, D. Pallin, P. Perret, J. Prat, J. Proriol, F. Prulhière, H. Bertelsen, F. Hansen, J.D. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, P.H. Hansen, A. Lindahl, B. Madsen, R. Møllerud, B.S. Nilsson, G. Petersen, E. Simopoulou, A. Vayaki, J. Badier, D. Bernard, A. Blondel, G. Bonneaud, J. Bourotte, F. Braems, J.C. Brient, M.A. Ciocci, R. Guirlet, P. Miné, A. Rougé, H. Videau, I. Videau, D. Zwierski, D.J. Candlin, A. Conti, G. Parrini, M. Corden, C. Georgiopoulos, J.H. Goldman, M. Ikeda, J. Lannutti, D. Levinthal, M. Mermikides, L. Sawyer, A. Antonelli, R. Baldini, G. Bencivenni, G. Bologna, F. Bossi, P. Campana, G. Capon, V. Chiarella, G. de Ninno, B. D'Ettorre-Piazzoli, G. Felici, P. Laurelli, G. Mannocchi, F. Murtas, G.P. Murtas, G. Nicoletti, P. Picchi, P. Zografou, B. Altoon, O. Boyle, A.J. Flavell, A.W. Halley, I. Ten Have, J.L. Hearns, I.S. Hughes, J.G. Lynch, D.J. Martin, R. O'Neill, C. Raine, J.M. Scarr, K. Smith, A.S. Thompson, B. Brandl, O. Braun, R. Geiges, C. Geweniger, P. Hanke, V. Hepp, E.E. Kluge, Y. Maumary, M. Panter, A. Putzer, B. Rensch, A. Stahl, K. Tittel, M. Wunsch, G.J. Barber, A.T. Belk, R. Beuselinck, D.M. Binnie, W. Cameron, M. Cattaneo, P.J. Dornan, S. Dugeay, R.W. Forty, D.N. Gentry, J.F. Hassard, D.G. Miller, D.R. Price, J.K. Sedgbeer, G. Taylor, I.R. Tomalin, P. Girtler, D. Kuhn, G. Rudolph, T.J. Brodbeck, C.K. Bowdery, A.J. Finch, F. Foster, G. Hughes, N.R. Keemer, M. Nuttall, B.S. Rowlingson, T. Sloan, S.W. Snow, T. Barczewski, L.A.T. Bauerdick, K. Kleinknecht, D. Pollmann, B. Renk, S. Roehn, H.-G. Sander, M. Schmelling, F. Steeg, J.-P. Albanese, J.-J. Aubert, C. Benchouk, A. Bonissent, F. Etienne, R. Nacasch, P. Payre, B. Pietrzyk, Z. Qian, W. Blum, P. Cattaneo, M. Comin, G. Cowan, B. Dehning, H. Dietl, M. Fernandez-Bosman, D. Hauff, A. Jahn, E. Lange, G. Lütjens, G. Lutz, W. Männer, H.-G. Moser, Y. Pan, R. Richter, A.S. Schwarz, R. Settles, U. Stiegler, U. Stierlin, G. Stimpfl, J. Thomas, G. Waltermann, G. De Bouard, J. Boucrot, O. Callot, A. Cordier, M. Davier, G. Ganis, J.-F. Grivaz, Ph. Heusse, P. Janot, V. Journé, D.W. Kim, J. Lefrançois, D. Lloyd-Owen, A.-M. Lutz, P. Marotte, J.-J. Veillet, S.R. Amendolia, G. Bagliesi, G. Batignani, L. Bosisio, U. Bottigli, C. Bradaschia, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, L. Foà, E. Focardi, F. Forti, A. Giassi, M.A. Giorgi, F. Ligabue, A. Lusiani, E.B. Mannelli, P.S. Marrocchesi, A. Messineo, F. Palla, G. Sanguinetti, S. Scapellato, J. Steinberger, R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, G. Triggiani, J.M. Carter, B.J. Green, M.G. Green, A.K. McKemey, P.V. March, T. Medcalf, M.R. Saich, J.A. Strong, R.M. Thomas, T. Wildish, D.R. Botterill, R.W. Clifft, T.R. Edgecock, M. Edwards, S.M. Fisher, J. Harvey, D.L. Hill, T.J. Jones, M. Morrissey, P.r. Norton, D.P. Salmon, J.C. Thompson, B. Bloch-Devaux, P. Colas, C. Klopfenstein, E. Lançon, E. Locci, S. Loucatos, L. Mirabito, E. Monnier, P. Perez, F. Perrier, J. Rander, J.-F. Renardy, A. Roussarie, J.-P. Schuller, J.G. Ashman, C.N. Booth, F. Combley, M. Dinsdale, J. Martin, D. Parker, L.F. Thompson, S. Brandt, H. Burkhardt, C. Grupen, H. Meinhard, E. Neugebauer, U. Schäfer, H. Seywerd, K. Stupperich, B. Gobbo, F. Liello, E. Milotti, F. Ragusa, L. Roland, L. Bellantoni, J.F. Boudreau, D. Cinabro, J.S. Conway, D.F. Cowen, Z. Feng, J.L. Harton, J. Hilgart, R.C. Jared, R.P. Johnson, B.W. Leclaire, Y.B. Pan, T. Parker, J.R. Pater, Y. Saadi, V. Sharma, J.A. Wear, F.V. Weber, null Sau Lan Wu, S.T. Xue, and G. Zobernig

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Aleph, Particle physics, Annihilation, Large Hadron Collider, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Large Electron–Positron Collider, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Sphericity
Abstract

We report on properties of hadronic events from e+e− annihilation observed by the ALEPH detector at the large Electron Positron Collider at CERN. The center-of-mass energy was . Measured distributions of the global event-shape variables sphericity, aplanarity, thrust and minor value, and of the inclusive variables xp, p⊥in, p⊥out and y are presented. We measure a mean charged multiplicity in hadronic events of 〈Nch〉=21.3±0.1 (statistical)±0.6 (systematic). The data are in good agreement with QCD-based models which use the leading-logarithm approximation, and are less well described by a model using O(αs2) QCD.

Published
1990

240. Education of dentists in Thailand

Author

Takashi Komabayashi, Narumanas Korwanich, William F. Bird, and Patcharawan Srisilapanan

Subjects
Educational measurement, medicine.medical_specialty, Insurance, Dental, Health Status, education, Population, Students, Dental, Dentistry, Oral Health, Dental education, Education, Dental, Graduate, stomatognathic system, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, General Dentistry, Curriculum, Education, Dental, Licensure, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Licensure, Dental, Professional Practice, History, 20th Century, Thailand, stomatognathic diseases, Family medicine, Dental Auxiliaries, Schools, Dental, Educational Measurement, Dental Technicians, business, Educational program, School system, Graduation
Abstract

Thailand is geographically located in southeast Asia and its population is 63 million. Little has been published on dental education in Thailand. This paper provides information about Thailand regarding its dental history, dental school system including curriculum and dental licensure. There are eight public and one private dental school in Thailand. A six-year dental education leads to the DDS degree. On graduation from the public dental schools, dentists are required to work in the public system for three years. Currently, there are approximately 8,000 active dentists, with a dentist: population ratio of approximately 1:7,000.

Published
2007

241. Coastal lagoon dynamics

Author

E. C. F. Bird

Subjects
Oceanography, Dynamics (mechanics), Environmental science
Published
2006

243. Performance of the ALEPH detector at LEP

Author

D Buskulic, D Casper, I De Bonis, D Decamp, P Ghez, C Goy, J.-P Lees, M.-N Minard, P Odier, B Pietrzyk, F Ariztizabal, M Chmeissani, J.M Crespo, I Efthymiopoulos, E Fernandez, M Fernandez-Bosman, V Gaitan, Ll Garrido, M Martinez, T Mattison, S Orteu, A Pacheco, C Padilla, F Palla, A Pascual, J.A Perlas, F Sanchez, F Teubert, F Chiumarulo, A Clemente, D Creanza, M de Palma, A Farilla, R Ferorelli, G Iaselli, G Maggi, N Marinelli, A Mastrogiacomo, S Natali, V Negro, S Nuzzo, M Papagni, C Pinto, A Ranieri, G Raso, F Romano, F Ruggieri, G Selvaggi, L Silvestris, P Tempesta, G Zito, Y Chai, D Huang, X Huang, J Lin, T Wang, Y Xie, D Xu, R Xu, J Zhang, L Zhang, W Zhao, H Albrecht, A Ball, R Benetta, F Bird, E Blucher, G Bonvicini, J Boudreau, T Charity, P Comas, P Coyle, H Drevermann, A Engelhardt, M Ferro-Luzzi, L Foà, R.W Forty, M Frank, G Ganis, C Gay, M Girone, C Grab, R Grabit, J Griffith, R Grub, R Hagelberg, J Harvey, B Ivesdal, R Jacobsen, P Jarron, B Jost, M Kasemann, G Kellner, J Knobloch, A Lacourt, P Lazeyras, I Lehraus, B Lofstedt, T Lohse, D Lütze, M Maggi, A Marchioro, C Markou, E.B Martin, P Mato, J.-M Maugain, J May, H Meinhard, V Mertens, A Minten, A Miotto, R Miquel, P Palazzi, J.R Pater, P Perrodo, R Pintus, L Pregernig, M Price, J.-F Pusztaszeri, F Ranjard, J Richstein, W Richter, L Rolandi, H Rotscheidt, W von Ruden, M Saich, J.-C Santiard, P Schilly, D Schlatter, M Schmelling, G Stefanini, H Taureg, W Tejessy, I.R Tomalin, R Veenhof, A Venturi, H Verweij, H Wachsmuth, H Wahl, S Wheeler, W Wiedenmann, T Wildish, W Witzeling, J Wotschack, Z Ajaltouni, M Bardadin-Otwinowska, A Barres, C Boyer, M Brossard, R Chadelas, F Daudon, A Falvard, P Gay, C Guicheney, P Henrard, J Jousset, B Michel, J-C Montret, D Pallin, P Perret, F Podlyski, J Proriol, F Saadi, H Bertelsen, T Fearnley, F Hansen, J.B Hansen, J.D Hansen, J.R Hansen, P.H Hansen, S.D Johnson, A Lindahl, B Madsen, R Møllerud, B.S Nilsson, G Petersen, A Kyriakis, E Simopoulou, I Siotis, A Vayaki, K Zachariadou, M Bercher, U Berthon, A Blondel, G Bonneaud, J.C Brient, P Bourdon, A Busata, M Cerutti, J Doublet, G Fouque, C Lemoine, P Matricon, M Maubras, R Morano, J.-Y Parey, L Passalacqua, P Poilleux, A Rougé, C Roy, M Rumpf, R Tanaka, A Valassi, M Verderi, H Videau, C Violet, D.J Candlin, A.J Main, M.I Parsons, E Veitch, E Focardi, G Parrini, E Scarlini, M Corden, M Delfino, C Georgiopoulos, D.E Jaffe, D Levinthal, M Anelli, A Antonelli, A Balla, G Bencivenni, G Bologna, R Bonini, F Bossi, P Campana, G Capon, M Carletti, F Cerutti, V Chiarella, G Corradi, B Dulach, G Felici, P Laurelli, G Mannocchi, F Murtas, G.P Murtas, M Pepe-Altarelli, P Picchi, S Salomone, M Santoni, P Colrain, I ten Have, I.G Knowles, J.G Lynch, W Maitland, W.T Morton, C Raine, P Reeves, J.M Scarr, K Smith, M.G Smith, A.S Thompson, S Thorn, R.M Turnbull, U Becker, B Brandl, O Braun, R Geiges, C Geweniger, P Hanke, V Hepp, W Heyde, E.E Kluge, J Krause, Y Maumary, M Panter, A Putzer, B Rensch, M Schmidt, K Schmitt, A Stahl, H Stenzel, K Tittel, M Wunsch, G.J Barber, R Beuselinck, D.M Binnie, W Cameron, M Cattaneo, D.J Colling, P.J Dorna, D.N Gentry, J.F Hassard, N Konstantinidis, D.G Miller, L Moneta, A Moutoussi, J Nash, D.G Payne, D.R Price, G San Martin, J.K Sedgbeer, A.G Wright, P Girtler, D Kuhn, G Rudolph, R Vogl, C.K Bowdery, T.J Brodbeck, A.J Finch, F Foster, G Hughes, D Jackson, N.R Keemer, M Nuttall, A Patel, T Sloan, S.W Snow, E.P Whelan, L.A.T Bauerdick, A Galla, A.M Greene, K Kleinknecht, J Raab, B Renk, H.-G Sander, H Schmidt, S.M Walther, R Wanke, B Wolf, A.M Bencheikh, C Benchouk, M Billaut, A Bonissent, D Calvet, J Carr, C Diaconu, F Etienne, Y Gally, D Nicod, P Payre, L Roos, D Rousseau, P Schwemling, M Talby, I Abt, K Ackermann, S Adlung, R Assmann, C Bauer, H Becker, W Blum, D Brown, P Cattaneo, B Dehning, H Dietl, F Dydak, H Fischer, A.W Halley, D Hauff, P Holl, K Jakobs, W Kothhuber, H Kroha, J Lauber, G Lütjens, G Lutz, W Männer, H.-G Moser, R Richter, J Schröder, A.S Schwarz, R Settles, H Seywerd, H Stieg, U Stiegler, U Stierlin, R.St Denis, L Strüder, G Waltermann, P Weissbach, G Wolf, J.-N Albert, R Alemany, C Arnault, R Bernier, J Boucrot, O Callot, R Chase, A Cordier, M Davier, M Dialinas, A Ducorps, L Duflot, J.-F Grivaz, Ph Heusse, P Janot, Ph Jean, D.W Kim, F Le Diberder, J Lefrançois, A.-M Lutz, G Musolino, H.J Park, J.-P Richer, M.-H Schune, J.-J Veillet, I Videau, D Abbaneo, C Avanzini, G Bagliesi, G Batignani, A Bechini, F Bosi, U Bottigli, C Bozzi, C Bradaschia, G Calderini, M Carpinelli, C Cerri, M.A Ciocci, V Ciulli, R Dell'Orso, R Fantechi, I Ferrante, F Fidecaro, F Forti, A Giassi, M.A Giorgi, A Gregorio, F Ligabue, R Lorenzini, A Lusiani, P.S Marrocchesi, A Messineo, G Pagani, G Pierazzini, A Profeti, G Rizzo, G Sanguinetti, P Spagnolo, J Steinberger, R Tenchini, G Tonelli, G Triggiani, C Vannini, P.G Verdini, J Walsh, A.P Betteridge, Y Gao, M.G Green, B.J Green, D.L Johnson, P.V March, T Medcalf, Ll.M Mir, I.S Quazi, J.A Strong, V Bertin, J Bizzell, D.R Botterill, R.W Clifft, T.R Edgecock, S Haywood, M Edwards, P.R Norton, J.C Thompson, A.W Tucker, D Bederede, R Bernard, E Beuville, B Bloch-Devaux, P Colas, H Desportes, H Duarte, S Emery, L Gosset, J Heitzmann, M Jacquemet, A Joudon, W Kozanecki, E Lançon, M.C Lemaire, E Locci, J.C Lottin, P Micolon, J Pascual, P Perez, J Rander, J.-F Renardy, A Rosowsky, A Roussarie, J.-P Schuller, J Schwindling, D Si Mohand, B Vallage, R.P Johnson, A.M Litke, G Taylor, J Wear, A Beddall, C.N Booth, S Cartwright, F Combley, I Dawson, A Koksal, C Rankin, L.F Thompson, A Böhrer, S Brandt, G Cowan, E Feigl, G Gillessen, C Grupen, G Lutters, J Minguet-Rodriguez, F Rivera, P Saraiva, U Schäfer, L Smolik, L Bosisio, R Della Marina, G Giannini, B Gobbo, L Pitis, F Ragusa, J Rothberg, S Wasserbaech, L Bellantoni, A Caldwell, D Cinabro, J.S Conway, D.F Cowen, Z Feng, D.P.S Ferguson, Y.S Gao, J Grahl, J.L Harton, O.J Hayes, H Hu, J Izen, R.C Jared, D Muller, J.M Nachtman, Y.B Pan, Y Saadi, M Schmitt, I Scott, V Sharma, D Strom, M Takashima, J.D Turk, A.M Walsh, F.V Weber, E Wicklund, Sau Lan Wu, X Wu, J.M Yamartino, M Zheng, G Zobernig, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), ALEPH, Buskulic, D, Casper, D, De Bonis, I, Decamp, D, Ghez, P, Goy, C, Lees, J. -P, Minard, M. -N, Odier, P, Pietrzyk, B, Ariztizabal, F, Chmeissani, M, Crespo, J. M, Efthymiopoulos, I, Fernandez, E, Fernandez-Bosman, M, Gaitan, V, Garrido, Ll, Martinez, M, Mattison, T, Orteu, S, Pacheco, A, Padilla, C, Palla, F, Pascual, A, Perlas, J. A, Sanchez, F, Teubert, F, Chiumarulo, F, Clemente, A, Creanza, D, de Palma, M, Farilla, A, Ferorelli, R, Iaselli, G, Maggi, G, Marinelli, N, Mastrogiacomo, A, Natali, S, Negro, V, Nuzzo, S, Papagni, M, Pinto, C, Ranieri, A, Raso, G, Romano, F, Ruggieri, F, Selvaggi, G, Silvestris, L, Tempesta, P, Zito, G, Chai, Y, Huang, D, Huang, X, Lin, J, Wang, T, Xie, Y, Xu, D, Xu, R, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhao, W, Albrecht, H, Ball, A, Benetta, R, Bird, F, Blucher, E, Bonvicini, G, Boudreau, J, Charity, T, Comas, P, Coyle, P, Drevermann, H, Engelhardt, A, Ferro-Luzzi, M, Foà, L, Forty, R. W, Frank, M, Ganis, G, Gay, C, Girone, M, Grab, C, Grabit, R, Griffith, J, Grub, R, Hagelberg, R, Harvey, J, Ivesdal, B, Jacobsen, R, Jarron, P, Jost, B, Kasemann, M, Kellner, G, Knobloch, J, Lacourt, A, Lazeyras, P, Lehraus, I, Lofstedt, B, Lohse, T, Lütze, D, Maggi, M, Marchioro, A, Markou, C, Martin, E. B, Mato, P, Maugain, J. -M, May, J, Meinhard, H, Mertens, V, Minten, A, Miotto, A, Miquel, R, Palazzi, P, Pater, J. R, Perrodo, P, Pintus, R, Pregernig, L, Price, M, Pusztaszeri, J. -F, Ranjard, F, Richstein, J, Richter, W, Rolandi, L, Rotscheidt, H, von Ruden, W, Saich, M, Santiard, J. -C, Schilly, P, Schlatter, D, Schmelling, M, Stefanini, G, Taureg, H, Tejessy, W, Tomalin, I. R, Veenhof, R, Venturi, A, Verweij, H, Wachsmuth, H, Wahl, H, Wheeler, S, Wiedenmann, W, Wildish, T, Witzeling, W, Wotschack, J, Ajaltouni, Z, Bardadin-Otwinowska, M, Barres, A, Boyer, C, Brossard, M, Chadelas, R, Daudon, F, Falvard, A, Gay, P, Guicheney, C, Henrard, P, Jousset, J, Michel, B, Montret, J-C, Pallin, D, Perret, P, Podlyski, F, Proriol, J, Saadi, F, Bertelsen, H, Fearnley, T, Hansen, F, Hansen, J. B, Hansen, J. D, Hansen, J. R, Hansen, P. H, Johnson, S. D, Lindahl, A, Madsen, B, Møllerud, R, Nilsson, B. S, Petersen, G, Kyriakis, A, Simopoulou, E, Siotis, I, Vayaki, A, Zachariadou, K, Bercher, M, Berthon, U, Blondel, A, Bonneaud, G, Brient, J. C, Bourdon, P, Busata, A, Cerutti, M, Doublet, J, Fouque, G, Lemoine, C, Matricon, P, Maubras, M, Morano, R, Parey, J. -Y, Passalacqua, L, Poilleux, P, Rougé, A, Roy, C, Rumpf, M, Tanaka, R, Valassi, A, Verderi, M, Videau, H, Violet, C, Candlin, D. J, Main, A. J, Parsons, M. I, Veitch, E, Focardi, E, Parrini, G, Scarlini, E, Corden, M, Delfino, M, Georgiopoulos, C, Jaffe, D. E, Levinthal, D, Anelli, M, Antonelli, A, Balla, A, Bencivenni, G, Bologna, G, Bonini, R, Bossi, F, Campana, P, Capon, G, Carletti, M, Cerutti, F, Chiarella, V, Corradi, G, Dulach, B, Felici, G, Laurelli, P, Mannocchi, G, Murtas, F, Murtas, G. P, Pepe-Altarelli, M, Picchi, P, Salomone, S, Santoni, M, Colrain, P, ten Have, I, Knowles, I. G, Lynch, J. G, Maitland, W, Morton, W. T, Raine, C, Reeves, P, Scarr, J. M, Smith, K, Smith, M. G, Thompson, A. S, Thorn, S, Turnbull, R. M, Becker, U, Brandl, B, Braun, O, Geiges, R, Geweniger, C, Hanke, P, Hepp, V, Heyde, W, Kluge, E. E, Krause, J, Maumary, Y, Panter, M, Putzer, A, Rensch, B, Schmidt, M, Schmitt, K, Stahl, A, Stenzel, H, Tittel, K, Wunsch, M, Barber, G. J, Beuselinck, R, Binnie, D. M, Cameron, W, Cattaneo, M, Colling, D. J, Dorna, P. J, Gentry, D. N, Hassard, J. F, Konstantinidis, N, Miller, D. G, Moneta, L, Moutoussi, A, Nash, J, Payne, D. G, Price, D. R, San Martin, G, Sedgbeer, J. K, Wright, A. G, Girtler, P, Kuhn, D, Rudolph, G, Vogl, R, Bowdery, C. K, Brodbeck, T. J, Finch, A. J, Foster, F, Hughes, G, Jackson, D, Keemer, N. R, Nuttall, M, Patel, A, Sloan, T, Snow, S. W, Whelan, E. P, Bauerdick, L. A. T, Galla, A, Greene, A. M, Kleinknecht, K, Raab, J, Renk, B, Sander, H. -G, Schmidt, H, Walther, S. M, Wanke, R, Wolf, B, Bencheikh, A. M, Benchouk, C, Billaut, M, Bonissent, A, Calvet, D, Carr, J, Diaconu, C, Etienne, F, Gally, Y, Nicod, D, Payre, P, Roos, L, Rousseau, D, Schwemling, P, Talby, M, Abt, I, Ackermann, K, Adlung, S, Assmann, R, Bauer, C, Becker, H, Blum, W, Brown, D, Cattaneo, P, Dehning, B, Dietl, H, Dydak, F, Fischer, H, Halley, A. W, Hauff, D, Holl, P, Jakobs, K, Kothhuber, W, Kroha, H, Lauber, J, Lütjens, G, Lutz, G, Männer, W, Moser, H. -G, Richter, R, Schröder, J, Schwarz, A. S, Settles, R, Seywerd, H, Stieg, H, Stiegler, U, Stierlin, U, Denis, R. St, Strüder, L, Waltermann, G, Weissbach, P, Wolf, G, Albert, J. -N, Alemany, R, Arnault, C, Bernier, R, Boucrot, J, Callot, O, Chase, R, Cordier, A, Davier, M, Dialinas, M, Ducorps, A, Duflot, L, Grivaz, J. -F, Heusse, Ph, Janot, P, Jean, Ph, Kim, D. W, Le Diberder, F, Lefrançois, J, Lutz, A. -M, Musolino, G, Park, H. J, Richer, J. -P, Schune, M. -H, Veillet, J. -J, Videau, I, Abbaneo, D, Avanzini, C, Bagliesi, G, Batignani, G, Bechini, A, Bosi, F, Bottigli, U, Bozzi, C, Bradaschia, C, Calderini, G, Carpinelli, M, Cerri, C, Ciocci, M. A, Ciulli, V, Dell'Orso, R, Fantechi, R, Ferrante, I, Fidecaro, F, Forti, F, Giassi, A, Giorgi, M. A, Gregorio, A, Ligabue, F, Lorenzini, R, Lusiani, A, Marrocchesi, P. S, Messineo, A, Pagani, G, Pierazzini, G, Profeti, A, Rizzo, G, Sanguinetti, G, Spagnolo, P, Steinberger, J, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Triggiani, G, Vannini, C, Verdini, P. G, Walsh, J, Betteridge, A. P, Gao, Y, Green, M. G, Green, B. J, Johnson, D. L, March, P. V, Medcalf, T, Mir, Ll. M, Quazi, I. S, Strong, J. A, Bertin, V, Bizzell, J, Botterill, D. R, Clifft, R. W, Edgecock, T. R, Haywood, S, Edwards, M, Norton, P. R, Thompson, J. C, Tucker, A. W, Bederede, D, Bernard, R, Beuville, E, Bloch-Devaux, B, Colas, P, Desportes, H, Duarte, H, Emery, S, Gosset, L, Heitzmann, J, Jacquemet, M, Joudon, A, Kozanecki, W, Lançon, E, Lemaire, M. C, Locci, E, Lottin, J. C, Micolon, P, Pascual, J, Perez, P, Rander, J, Renardy, J. -F, Rosowsky, A, Roussarie, A, Schuller, J. -P, Schwindling, J, Si Mohand, D, Vallage, B, Johnson, R. P, Litke, A. M, Taylor, G, Wear, J, Beddall, A, Booth, C. N, Cartwright, S, Combley, F, Dawson, I, Koksal, A, Rankin, C, Thompson, L. F, Böhrer, A, Brandt, S, Cowan, G, Feigl, E, Gillessen, G, Grupen, C, Lutters, G, Minguet-Rodriguez, J, Rivera, F, Saraiva, P, Schäfer, U, Smolik, L, Bosisio, L, Della Marina, R, Giannini, G, Gobbo, B, Pitis, L, Ragusa, F, Rothberg, J, Wasserbaech, S, Bellantoni, L, Caldwell, A, Cinabro, D, Conway, J. S, Cowen, D. F, Feng, Z, Ferguson, D. P. S, Gao, Y. S, Grahl, J, Harton, J. L, Hayes, O. J, Hu, H, Izen, J, Jared, R. C, Muller, D, Nachtman, J. M, Pan, Y. B, Saadi, Y, Schmitt, M, Scott, I, Sharma, V, Strom, D, Takashima, M, Turk, J. D, Walsh, A. M, Weber, F. V, Wicklund, E, Wu, Sau Lan, Wu, X, Yamartino, J. M, Zheng, M, Zobernig, G, D., Buskulic, D., Casper, I., De Boni, D., Decamp, P., Ghez, C., Goy, J. P., Lee, M. N., Minard, P., Odier, B., Pietrzyk, F., Ariztizabal, M., Chmeissani, J. M., Crespo, I., Efthymiopoulo, E., Fernandez, M., Fernandez Bosman, V., Gaitan, Ll, Garrido, M., Martinez, T., Mattison, S., Orteu, A., Pacheco, C., Padilla, F., Palla, A., Pascual, J. A., Perla, F., Sanchez, F., Teubert, F., Chiumarulo, A., Clemente, D., Creanza, M., de Palma, A., Farilla, R., Ferorelli, G., Iaselli, G., Maggi, N., Marinelli, A., Mastrogiacomo, S., Natali, V., Negro, S., Nuzzo, M., Papagni, C., Pinto, A., Ranieri, G., Raso, F., Romano, F., Ruggieri, G., Selvaggi, L., Silvestri, P., Tempesta, G., Zito, Y., Chai, D., Huang, X., Huang, J., Lin, T., Wang, Y., Xie, D., Xu, R., Xu, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Zhao, H., Albrecht, A., Ball, R., Benetta, F., Bird, E., Blucher, G., Bonvicini, J., Boudreau, T., Charity, P., Coma, P., Coyle, H., Drevermann, A., Engelhardt, M., Ferro Luzzi, L., Foà, R. W., Forty, M., Frank, G., Gani, C., Gay, M., Girone, C., Grab, R., Grabit, J., Griffith, R., Grub, R., Hagelberg, J., Harvey, B., Ivesdal, R., Jacobsen, P., Jarron, B., Jost, M., Kasemann, G., Kellner, J., Knobloch, A., Lacourt, P., Lazeyra, I., Lehrau, B., Lofstedt, T., Lohse, D., Lütze, M., Maggi, A., Marchioro, C., Markou, E. B., Martin, P., Mato, J. M., Maugain, J., May, H., Meinhard, V., Merten, A., Minten, A., Miotto, R., Miquel, P., Palazzi, J. R., Pater, P., Perrodo, R., Pintu, L., Pregernig, M., Price, J. F., Pusztaszeri, F., Ranjard, J., Richstein, W., Richter, L., Rolandi, H., Rotscheidt, W., von Ruden, M., Saich, J. C., Santiard, P., Schilly, D., Schlatter, M., Schmelling, G., Stefanini, H., Taureg, W., Tejessy, I. R., Tomalin, R., Veenhof, A., Venturi, H., Verweij, H., Wachsmuth, H., Wahl, S., Wheeler, W., Wiedenmann, T., Wildish, W., Witzeling, J., Wotschack, Z., Ajaltouni, M., Bardadin Otwinowska, A., Barre, C., Boyer, M., Brossard, R., Chadela, F., Daudon, A., Falvard, P., Gay, C., Guicheney, P., Henrard, J., Jousset, B., Michel, J. C., Montret, D., Pallin, P., Perret, F., Podlyski, J., Proriol, F., Saadi, H., Bertelsen, T., Fearnley, F., Hansen, J. B., Hansen, J. D., Hansen, J. R., Hansen, P. H., Hansen, S. D., Johnson, A., Lindahl, B., Madsen, R., Møllerud, B. S., Nilsson, G., Petersen, A., Kyriaki, E., Simopoulou, I., Sioti, A., Vayaki, K., Zachariadou, M., Bercher, U., Berthon, A., Blondel, G., Bonneaud, J. C., Brient, P., Bourdon, A., Busata, M., Cerutti, J., Doublet, G., Fouque, C., Lemoine, P., Matricon, M., Maubra, R., Morano, J. Y., Parey, L., Passalacqua, P., Poilleux, A., Rougé, C., Roy, M., Rumpf, R., Tanaka, A., Valassi, M., Verderi, H., Videau, C., Violet, D. J., Candlin, A. J., Main, M. I., Parson, E., Veitch, E., Focardi, G., Parrini, E., Scarlini, M., Corden, M., Delfino, C., Georgiopoulo, D. E., Jaffe, D., Levinthal, M., Anelli, A., Antonelli, A., Balla, G., Bencivenni, G., Bologna, R., Bonini, F., Bossi, P., Campana, G., Capon, M., Carletti, F., Cerutti, V., Chiarella, G., Corradi, B., Dulach, G., Felici, P., Laurelli, G., Mannocchi, F., Murta, G. P., Murta, M., Pepe Altarelli, P., Picchi, S., Salomone, M., Santoni, P., Colrain, I., ten Have, I. G., Knowle, J. G., Lynch, W., Maitland, W. T., Morton, C., Raine, P., Reeve, J. M., Scarr, K., Smith, M. G., Smith, A. S., Thompson, S., Thorn, R. M., Turnbull, U., Becker, B., Brandl, O., Braun, R., Geige, C., Geweniger, P., Hanke, V., Hepp, W., Heyde, E. E., Kluge, J., Krause, Y., Maumary, M., Panter, A., Putzer, B., Rensch, M., Schmidt, K., Schmitt, A., Stahl, H., Stenzel, K., Tittel, M., Wunsch, G. J., Barber, R., Beuselinck, D. M., Binnie, W., Cameron, M., Cattaneo, D. J., Colling, P. J., Dorna, D. N., Gentry, J. F., Hassard, N., Konstantinidi, D. G., Miller, L., Moneta, A., Moutoussi, J., Nash, D. G., Payne, D. R., Price, G., San Martin, J. K., Sedgbeer, A. G., Wright, P., Girtler, D., Kuhn, G., Rudolph, R., Vogl, C. K., Bowdery, T. J., Brodbeck, A. J., Finch, F., Foster, G., Hughe, D., Jackson, N. R., Keemer, M., Nuttall, A., Patel, T., Sloan, S. W., Snow, E. P., Whelan, L. A. T., Bauerdick, A., Galla, A. M., Greene, K., Kleinknecht, J., Raab, B., Renk, H. G., Sander, H., Schmidt, S. M., Walther, R., Wanke, B., Wolf, A. M., Bencheikh, C., Benchouk, M., Billaut, A., Bonissent, D., Calvet, J., Carr, C., Diaconu, F., Etienne, Y., Gally, D., Nicod, P., Payre, L., Roo, D., Rousseau, P., Schwemling, M., Talby, I., Abt, K., Ackermann, S., Adlung, R., Assmann, C., Bauer, H., Becker, W., Blum, D., Brown, P., Cattaneo, B., Dehning, H., Dietl, F., Dydak, H., Fischer, A. W., Halley, D., Hauff, P., Holl, K., Jakob, W., Kothhuber, H., Kroha, J., Lauber, G., Lütjen, G., Lutz, W., Männer, H. G., Moser, R., Richter, J., Schröder, A. S., Schwarz, R., Settle, H., Seywerd, H., Stieg, U., Stiegler, U., Stierlin, R., St Deni, L., Strüder, G., Waltermann, P., Weissbach, G., Wolf, J. N., Albert, R., Alemany, C., Arnault, R., Bernier, J., Boucrot, O., Callot, R., Chase, A., Cordier, M., Davier, M., Dialina, A., Ducorp, L., Duflot, J. F., Grivaz, Ph, Heusse, P., Janot, Ph, Jean, D. W., Kim, F., Le Diberder, J., Lefrançoi, A. M., Lutz, G., Musolino, H. J., Park, J. P., Richer, M. H., Schune, J. J., Veillet, I., Videau, D., Abbaneo, C., Avanzini, G., Bagliesi, G., Batignani, A., Bechini, F., Bosi, U., Bottigli, C., Bozzi, C., Bradaschia, G., Calderini, M., Carpinelli, C., Cerri, M. A., Ciocci, V., Ciulli, R., Dell'Orso, R., Fantechi, I., Ferrante, F., Fidecaro, F., Forti, A., Giassi, M. A., Giorgi, Gregorio, Anna, F., Ligabue, R., Lorenzini, A., Lusiani, P. S., Marrocchesi, A., Messineo, G., Pagani, G., Pierazzini, A., Profeti, G., Rizzo, G., Sanguinetti, P., Spagnolo, J., Steinberger, R., Tenchini, G., Tonelli, G., Triggiani, C., Vannini, P. G., Verdini, J., Walsh, A. P., Betteridge, Y., Gao, M. G., Green, B. J., Green, D. L., Johnson, P. V., March, T., Medcalf, Mir, L. l. M., I. S., Quazi, J. A., Strong, V., Bertin, J., Bizzell, D. R., Botterill, R. W., Clifft, T. R., Edgecock, S., Haywood, M., Edward, P. R., Norton, J. C., Thompson, A. W., Tucker, D., Bederede, R., Bernard, E., Beuville, B., Bloch Devaux, P., Cola, H., Desporte, H., Duarte, S., Emery, L., Gosset, J., Heitzmann, M., Jacquemet, A., Joudon, W., Kozanecki, E., Lançon, M. C., Lemaire, E., Locci, J. C., Lottin, P., Micolon, J., Pascual, P., Perez, J., Rander, J. F., Renardy, A., Rosowsky, A., Roussarie, J. P., Schuller, J., Schwindling, D., Si Mohand, B., Vallage, R. P., Johnson, A. M., Litke, G., Taylor, J., Wear, A., Beddall, C. N., Booth, S., Cartwright, F., Combley, I., Dawson, A., Koksal, C., Rankin, L. F., Thompson, A., Böhrer, S., Brandt, G., Cowan, E., Feigl, G., Gillessen, C., Grupen, G., Lutter, J., Minguet Rodriguez, F., Rivera, P., Saraiva, U., Schäfer, L., Smolik, Bosisio, Luciano, R., Della Marina, Giannini, Gianrossano, B., Gobbo, L., Piti, F., Ragusa, J., Rothberg, S., Wasserbaech, L., Bellantoni, A., Caldwell, D., Cinabro, J. S., Conway, D. F., Cowen, Z., Feng, D. P. S., Ferguson, Y. S., Gao, J., Grahl, J. L., Harton, O. J., Haye, H., Hu, J., Izen, R. C., Jared, D., Muller, J. M., Nachtman, Y. B., Pan, Y., Saadi, M., Schmitt, I., Scott, V., Sharma, D., Strom, M., Takashima, J. D., Turk, A. M., Walsh, F. V., Weber, E., Wicklund, Sau Lan, Wu, X., Wu, J. M., Yamartino, M., Zheng, G., Zobernig, Debonis, I, Lees, J, Minard, M, Crespo, J, Fernandezbosman, M, Garrido, L, Perlas, J, Depalma, M, Ferroluzzi, M, Foa, L, Forty, R, Lutze, D, Martin, E, Maugain, J, Pater, J, Pusztaszeri, J, Santiard, J, Tomalin, I, Bardadinotwinowska, M, Montret, J, Hansen, J, Hansen, P, Johnson, S, Mollerud, R, Nilsson, B, Brient, J, Parey, J, Rouge, A, Candlin, D, Main, A, Parsons, M, Jaffe, D, Murtas, G, Pepealtarelli, M, Tenhave, I, Knowles, I, Lynch, J, Morton, W, Scarr, J, Smith, M, Thompson, A, Turnbull, R, Kluge, E, Barber, G, Binnie, D, Colling, D, Dorna, P, Gentry, D, Hassard, J, Miller, D, Payne, D, Price, D, Sanmartin, G, Sedgbeer, J, Wright, A, Bowdery, C, Brodbeck, T, Finch, A, Keemer, N, Snow, S, Whelan, E, Bauerdick, L, Greene, A, Sander, H, Walther, S, Bencheikh, A, Halley, A, Lutjens, G, Manner, W, Moser, H, Schroder, J, Schwarz, A, Denis, R, Struder, L, Albert, J, Grivaz, J, Heusse, P, Jean, P, Kim, D, Lediberder, F, Lefrancois, J, Lutz, A, Park, H, Richer, J, Schune, M, Veillet, J, Ciocci, M, Dellorso, R, Giorgi, M, Marrocchesi, P, Verdini, P, Betteridge, A, Green, M, Green, B, Johnson, D, March, P, Mir, L, Quazi, I, Strong, J, Botterill, D, Clifft, R, Edgecock, T, Norton, P, Thompson, J, Tucker, A, Blochdevaux, B, Lancon, E, Lemaire, M, Lottin, J, Renardy, J, Schuller, J, Mohand, D, Johnson, R, Litke, A, Booth, C, Thompson, L, Bohrer, A, Minguetrodriguez, J, Schafer, U, Dellamarina, R, Conway, J, Cowen, D, Ferguson, D, Harton, J, Hayes, O, Jared, R, Nachtman, J, Pan, Y, Turk, J, Walsh, A, Weber, F, Wu, S, Yamartino, J, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Aleph, Particle physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, ALEPH Experiment, LEP, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Collider, ALEPH experiment, Instrumentation, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Physics, Missing energy, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ALEPH detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The performance of the ALEPH detector at the LEP e+e-collider is reviewed. The accuracy of the tracking detectors to measure the impact parameter and momentum of charged tracks is specified. Calorimeters are used to measure photons and neutral hadrons, and the accuracy obtained in energy and angle is given. An essential property of the detector is its ability to identify particles; the performance in identification of electrons, muons, neutrinos (from missing energy), charged hadrons, π0's and V0's is described. © 1995.

Published
1995

244. Virus à la sauce Yo-Pro: Microwave enhanced staining for counting viruses by epifluorescence microscopy

Author

David F. Bird and Marguerite A. Xenopoulos

Subjects
Sample handling, Chromatography, Chemistry, viruses, Modified method, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Virus, Incubation period, Microbiology, Staining, Aquatic environment, Microwave irradiation, Fluorescence microscope
Abstract

A recently developed method for enumerating aquatic viruses (Yo-Pro stained) was modified to reduce staining time and allow counting of fixed samples. Marine and freshwater virus samples to be enumerated were stained with the cyanine-based dye Yo-Pro-1 by using microwave irradiation, which reduced incubation time from 48 h to 4 min. The modified method and the original protocol yielded similar viral estimates. Easier sample handling and the addition of fixed-sample capability should allow epifluorescence counting of viruses to become a routine part of field studies of viral ecology.

Published
1997

245. Component And System Tests Of The SLD Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector

Author

J. Martinez, W. Dunwoodie, S. Dolinsky, A. Bean, R. A. Johnson, Sridhara Dasu, John Scott Whitaker, M. Kalelkar, T. Bienz, R. J. Wilson, M. Cavalli-Sforza, B. T. Meadows, D. G. Coyne, X. Liu, T. Pavel, B. N. Ratcliff, P. Antilogus, P. Gagnon, C. Simopoulos, J. Duboscq, P. E. Stamer, P. Coyle, D. W. G. S. Leith, A.K.S. Santha, S. J. Yellin, M. Nussbaum, P.F. Jacques, A. Lu, D. O. Caldwell, F. Bird, R.J. Plano, T. Nagamine, D.C. Schultz, S. McHugh, Kazuo Hasegawa, D. Aston, S. H. Williams, S. L. Shapiro, N. Toge, A. L. Shoup, A. D'Oliveira, E. P. Solodov, H. Yuta, J. Huber, F. Suekane, L. Mathys, H. Kawahara, P.E. Rensing, Michael S. Witherell, I. Stockdale, G. Hallewell, Koji Abe, Dominik Müller, Jaroslav Va'vra, Yeong-Dae Kwon, and David A. Williams

Subjects
Physics, Wire chamber, Optical fiber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electron, Particle detector, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, Optics, law, Calibration, Measuring instrument, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

The components of the SLD barrel Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector (CRID) are now built and are being installed. We report on tests of these, including tests of the fiber optic calibration system, detailed studies of electron drift paths on production drift boxes and detectors, tests of the dynamic gating system and its effect on drift path distortions due to space-charge, and a measurement of the electron lifetime in a production drift box. In addition, we report on the UV transmission of recirculated liquid C{sub 6}F{sub 14} and on the effects of CRID construction materials on electron lifetime. 9 refs., 11 figs.

Published
2005

246. Registered High Resolution Images In The Interpretation Of Radionuclide Scans

Author

J. E. Crossman, C. F. Bird, Derek L. G. Hill, E. D. Lehmann, Michael N. Maisey, L. Robinson, and David J. Hawkes

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computer science, business.industry, medicine, High resolution, Image registration, Magnetic resonance imaging, Radiology, Nuclear medicine, business, Image resolution, Radionuclide Scans
Abstract

Nuclear medicine images have comparatively poor spatial resolution making it difficult to relate the functional information which they contain to precise anatomical structures. To assist in anatomical localisation, we have i in p I e me tit e d registration techniques to e na b le h i g h rcsolution anatomical images such as X-ray and MRI to be used 10 assist in routine radionuclide image interpretation. We have assessed the accuracy and clinical benefit of image registration for two regions of the body; the carpal bones of the wrist and the brain.

Published
2005

247. Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector Front-end Electronics

Author

P. Antilogus, D. Aston, T. Bienz, F. Bird, S. Dasu, W. Dunwoodie, G. Hallewell, H. Kawahara, Y. Kwon, D. Leith, D. Marshall, D. Muller, T. Nagamine, G. Oxoby, B. Ratcliff, P. Rensing, D. Schultz, S. Shapiro, C. Simopoulos, E. Solodovo, F. Suekane, N. Toge, J. Va'vra, S. Williams, R.J. Wilson, J.S. Whitaker, A. Bean, D. Caldwell, J. Duboseq, J. Huber, A. Lu, L. Mathys, S. McHugh, R. Morrison, M. Witherell, S. Yellin, P. Coyle, D. Coyne, E. Spencer, A. d' Oliveira, R.A. Johnson, J. Martinez, M. Nussbaum, A.K.S. Santha, A. Shoup, I. Stockdale, P. Jacques, R. Plano, P. Stamer, K. Abe, K. Hasegawa, and H. Yuta

Published
2005

248. Comparison of written examinations required for dental licensure in Japan and the United States: contents, cognitive levels, and cultural implications

Author

Takashi, Komabayashi and William F, Bird

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cognition, Japan, Licensure, Dental, Mental Recall, Humans, Clinical Competence, Curriculum, Educational Measurement, Problem-Based Learning, Education, Dental, United States
Abstract

The goal of this article is to describe differences between the written examinations required for dental licensure in Japan and in the United States. Candidate guides, old exams, and other published data pertaining to the Japan National Examination for Dentists (NED) and the U.S. National Board Dental Examination (NBDE) were used. Dental education in Japan consists of a six-year program following high school graduation. The U.S. counterpart is usually a four-year program following a bachelor's degree. The NED, which is made up of 330 questions, is a single, all-important gatekeeper test that immediately grants licensure to practice dentistry throughout Japan. The NED contains no evaluation of technical skills; it is purely a written exam. By contrast, in the United States, the NBDE Parts I and II, which consist of 900 questions, are only components of a three-step licensure process. An additional state or regional board examination on technical skills is required to obtain licensure to practice. There are 400 basic science questions on the NBDE Part I, while the NED has thirty. In terms of cognitive level, questions on the NED place more emphasis on recall, while those on the NBDE Part II are more focused on problem solving. The outcomes of this comparison provide dental educators with comparisons of the licensure examination process for Japanese and U.S. dentists.

Published
2005

249. Dental education in India and Japan: implications for U.S. dental programs for foreign-trained dentists

Author

Takashi, Komabayashi, Karthik, Raghuraman, R, Raghuraman, Shinji, Toda, Makoto, Kawamura, Sheppard M, Levine, and William F, Bird

Subjects
Internationality, Japan, Licensure, Dental, Humans, India, Schools, Dental, Foreign Professional Personnel, School Admission Criteria, Curriculum, Education, Dental, United States
Abstract

An understanding of international dental education systems is critical for the education of foreign-trained dentists in U.S. dental programs. However, there is little information on this topic. This article provides information regarding 1) dental history, 2) dental school system, 3) curriculum/examination at dental school, and 4) dental licensure in India and Japan. There are 185 dental schools in India and twenty-nine in Japan. The number of first-year dental students is 12,872 and 2,647 in India and Japan, respectively. A five-year dental education, which includes 4,035 curriculum hours, leads to the B.D.S. degree in India, whereas a six-year dental education program, which includes 5,060 curriculum hours, leads to the D.D.S. degree in Japan. No undergraduate predental study is needed prior to entry into dental school in both countries. In India, the entrance examination is extremely competitive; however, there is no nationwide licensure examination. In Japan, dental schools use more sophisticated dental materials and equipment in the clinical phases of the curriculum than in India, but there is no clinical examination at the time of graduation. Several implications for U.S. dental programs for foreign-trained dentists with respect to screening applicants and curriculum development are discussed.

Published
2005

250. Seasonal changes in composition of the cyanobacterial community and the occurrence of hepatotoxic blooms in the eastern townships, Québec, Canada

Author

Alessandra Giani, David F. Bird, Anne Rolland, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université de Québec, and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Microcystin, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Microcystis, Botany, CYANOBACTERIAL COMMUNITY, Ecotoxicology, SEASONAL CHANGES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, biology, Anabaena, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, chemistry, Eutrophication, HEPATOTOXIC BLOOMS
Abstract

Four eutrophic lakes in the eastern townships (Quebec, Canada) were sampled on a biweekly basis between May and October 2001 to examine seasonal changes, and to study the role of taxonomic and environmental factors in cyanobacterial toxin production. Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) equivalent content was determined using a protein phosphatase inhibition assay on extracts of lyophilized plankton. Three of the lakes showed a similar pattern of maximum water column toxicity in late summer, while in the fourth, toxicity was highest in spring and then declined over the year. Variations in water toxicity level could be attributed to the abundance of two potentially toxigenic genera, Microcystis and Anabama. A multiple regression model explained 75% of the variation in microcystin (MC) concentration, based on water column total nitrogen concentration (TN) and the biomass of these two genera. Microcystic and Anabaena genera appeared to be similarly toxic in all lakes. Increased water column stability, higher light extinction coefficient and a lack of dissolved nutrients were all associated with increased total biomass of toxigenic cyanobacterial genera.

Published
2005

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