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Age of acquisition (AoA) refers to the age at which people learn a particular item and the AoA effect refers to the phenomenon that early-acquired items are processed more quickly and accurately than those acquired later. Over several decades, the AoA effect has been investigated using neuroscientific, behavioral, corpus and computational techniques. We review the current evidence for the AoA effect stemming from a range of methodologies and paradigms and apply these findings to current explanations of how and where the AoA effect occurs. We conclude that the AoA effect can be found both in the connections between levels of representations and within these representations themselves, and that the effect itself occurs through the process of the distinct coding of early and late items, together with the nature of the connections between levels of representation. This approach strongly suggests that the AoA effect results from the construction of perceptual-semantic representations and the mappings between representations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Dual-route models of high-level (praxis) actions distinguish between an “indirect” semantic route mediating meaningful gesture imitation, and a “direct” sensory-motor route mediates meaningless gesture imitation. Similarly, dual-route language models distinguish between an indirect route mediating production and repetition of words, and a direct route mediating non-word repetition. Although aphasia and limb apraxia frequently co-occur following left-hemisphere cerebrovascular accident (LCVA), it is unclear which aspects of these functional-neuroanatomic dual-route architectures are shared across praxis and language domains. This study focused on gesture imitation to test the hypothesis that semantic information (and portions of the indirect route) are shared across domains, whereas two distinct dorsal routes mediate sensory-motor mapping. Forty chronic LCVA and 17 neurotypical controls completed semantic memory and language tasks and imitated 3 types of gesture stimuli: (1) labeled/“named” meaningful, (2) unnamed meaningful, and (3) meaningless gestures. The comparison of accuracy between meaningless versus unnamed meaningful gestures examined the benefits of semantic information, while the comparison of unnamed meaningful versus named meaningful imitation examined additional benefits of linguistic cueing. Mixed-effects models examined group by task interaction effects on gesture ability. We found that for patients with LCVA, unnamed meaningful gestures were imitated more accurately than meaningless gestures, suggesting that semantic information was beneficial, but there was no benefit of labeling. Reduced benefit of semantic information on gesture accuracy was associated with lesions to inferior frontal and posterior temporal regions as well as semantic memory performance on a pictorial (non-gesture) task. In contrast, there was no relationship between meaningless gesture imitation and nonword repetition, indicating that measures of direct route performance are not associated across language and action. These results provide preliminary evidence that portions of the indirect semantic route are shared across the language and action domains, while two direct sensory-motor mapping routes mediate word repetition and gesture imitation.

Contains fulltext : 292672.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Mental simulation is an important aspect of narrative reading. In a previous study, we found that gaze durations are differentially impacted by different kinds of mental simulation. Motor simulation, perceptual simulation, and mentalizing as elicited by literary short stories influenced eye movements in distinguishable ways (Mak & Willems, 2019). In the current study, we investigated the existence of a common neural locus for these different kinds of simulation. We additionally investigated whether individual differences during reading, as indexed by the eye movements, are reflected in domain-specific activations in the brain. We found a variety of brain areas activated by simulation-eliciting content, both modality-specific brain areas and a general simulation area. Individual variation in percent signal change in activated areas was related to measures of story appreciation as well as personal characteristics (i.e., transportability, perspective taking). Taken together, these findings suggest that mental simulation is supported by both domain-specific processes grounded in previous experiences, and by the neural mechanisms that underlie higher-order language processing (e.g., situation model building, event indexing, integration). 21 p.

Visual adaptation occurs after a prolonged exposure to a stimulus. The duration of aftereffects differs across stimuli type, and face aftereffects may be especially long lasting. The current study investigates adaptation decay of category contingent opposing aftereffects. Specifically, we tested whether naïve undergraduate participants’ adaptation to photos of faces with explicit religious labels, differed from that of participants who had adapted to the same faces 7 days previously. We also tested whether 7-day old category-contingent opposing aftereffects interfere with the ability to re-adapt to a new condition. In Session 1, undergraduates made attractiveness preference selections before and after adapting to two groups of distorted faces. Participants then returned 7 days later to re-assess the attractiveness of the same faces. Participants were then adapted to the two groups of faces distorted in the opposite direction. Adaptation strength was stronger in Session 1 than in Session 2, although adaptation strength was not related to pre-adaptation selections. Week-old aftereffects interfered with the creation of aftereffects in the opposite direction 7 days later.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has provided relevant evidence regarding the neural correlates of language. The aim of the present study is to summarize and assess previous findings regarding linguistic levels (i.e., semantic and morpho-syntactic) and brain structures utilized during verb and sentence processing. To do that, we systematically reviewed TMS research on verb and sentence processing in healthy speakers, and meta-analyzed TMS-induced effects according to the region of stimulation and experimental manipulation. Findings from 45 articles show that approximately half of the reviewed work focuses on the embodiment of action verbs. The majority of studies (60%) target only one cortical region in relation to a specific linguistic process. Frontal areas are most frequently stimulated in connection to morphosyntactic processes and action verb semantics, and temporoparietal regions in relation to integration of sentential meaning and thematic role assignment. A meta-analysis of 72 effect sizes of the reviewed papers indicates that TMS has a small overall effect size, but effect sizes for anterior compared to posterior regions do not differ for semantic or morphosyntactic contrasts. Our findings stress the need to increase the number of targeted areas, while using the same linguistic contrasts in order to disentangle the contributions of different cortical regions to distinct linguistic processes.

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between parenting stress and coping strategies of mothers of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 143 mothers with a child who had been diagnosed with ADHD. The mothers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CAE) and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI-SF). The results showed that mothers experienced high levels of stress and they tended to use coping strategies focused on problem solving. Meaningful differences were found between parenting stress and coping strategies according to sociodemographic characteristics. Negative correlations between parenting stress and coping strategies showed that coping strategies focused on problem solving were associated with lower levels of stress. Besides, positive correlations between parenting stress and coping strategies showed that higher levels of emotional coping strategies were associated with higher levels of parenting stress.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir las diferencias entre personas que informaron presentar ansiedad ante el COVID-19 y aquellas que no. Asimismo, analizamos cómo los comportamientos preventivos y las percepciones se vinculan con la ansiedad frente al COVID-19. La muestra comprendió a 438 participantes de Perú. Se utilizó el método de encuesta en línea empleando la plataforma LimeSurvey. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos con y sin ansiedad, respecto al sexo, las amenazas percibidas, el grado de confianza en la información y la autoconfianza ante el COVID-19. La ansiedad correlacionó significativamente con las amenazas percibidas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas respecto a edad, grado de instrucción, ingreso económico, religión, comportamientos preventivos, percepciones comprobadas, mitificadas y probabilidad de contagio. Considerando estos hallazgos, se discute la importancia de los comportamientos preventivos, y el acceso a la información oportuna y confiable para reducir el malestar psicológico.

Se presenta la validación al español de la Scale of intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation in the classroom adaptada para escolares uruguayos. Participaron del estudio 912 niños (52.4% niñas y 47.6% varones), con un promedio de edad de 10.19 años (DE = 1.10), pertenecientes a 10 Instituciones Educativas (61.4% públicas y 38.6% privadas) de la ciudad de Montevideo, Uruguay. Se analizó la estructura de la escala a través de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, el modelo final presenta adecuados índices de ajuste (χ 2/df = 4.03; CFI = .91; TLI = .90, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .05). Los resultados obtenidos confirman la estructura original de cinco dimensiones propuesta por Harter y aportan evidencia sobre las adecuadas propiedades psicométricas del instrumento para su uso con población escolar uruguaya. Esto no excluye que futuros estudios deban buscar soluciones para la baja confiabilidad encontrada en la dimensión Curiosidad.

El apoyo social es un recurso para la calidad de vida de mujeres inmigrantes y constituye capital social. El objetivo fue identificar frecuencia y satisfacción del apoyo social percibido y recibido por mujeres inmigrantes de Centros de Salud de Valparaíso. Estudio con diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo, mediante una encuesta social. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Percibido y Recibido y preguntas sociodemográficas a 227 mujeres de entre 18 y 44 años. Se utilizaron estadística descriptiva, r de Pearson y análisis de varianza. Los resultados sugieren que el país de nacimiento, estado civil, educación, años en Chile, motivos de migración, vivienda, número de personas con que vive, trabajo, situación migratoria y diagnóstico de enfermedades se relacionan con frecuencia y satisfacción del apoyo social percibido y recibido. El apoyo social informacional, material o emocional, proveniente de redes de inmigrantes contribuye a su integración en la sociedad de acogida.

El confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19 ha traído consigo múltiples cambios en la vida de los adolescentes. En este contexto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue examinar el rol de la regulación emocional, incluyendo cinco estrategias adaptativas (conciencia plena, reevaluación, aceptación, solución de problemas y distracción) como mediadores paralelos de los efectos del funcionamiento familiar en el estrés de los adolescentes mexicanos. Un total de 788 adolescentes participaron en este estudio. Los resultados confirmaron el modelo de mediación paralela mostrando que el funcionamiento familiar puede reducir el estrés que experimentan los adolescentes al incidir de manera positiva en las estrategias de conciencia plena, reevaluación, la solución de problemas y la distracción. En conclusión, fue posible confirmar por primera vez los efectos que tiene el funcionamiento familiar en el estrés de los adolescentes mexicanos vía las estrategias de regulación emocional.

Two studies assessed construct and concurrent validity of two scales designed to measure reinforcement sensitivity. Two non-probabilistic samples of college students from Mexico City were used. The first study showed that while the BIS/BAS scales may possess construct validity, they lack in concurrent one; conversely, the SPSRQ did not show construct validity but showed evidence of concurrent one. Convergent validity was assessed using self-report questionnaires. The second study showed that the BAS scales may predict response distribution, in the IOWA-GT, in a way that is consistent with Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST); this was not the case with the BIS scale. The results suggest that either the scales developed to assess RST, or the theory itself (or both) require a thorough revision.

Las Funciones Ejecutivas y las Habilidades Narrativas son predictores relevantes del desempeño académico, pero sabemos muy poco sobre su relación. Este estudio se propuso revisar sistemáticamente investigaciones que abordan la relación entre Funciones Ejecutivas y Habilidades Narrativas en niños de desarrollo típico. Siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, se realizaron búsquedas en las bases SCOPUS, WoS y EBSCO, incluyendo artículos académicos, en español, inglés, portugués y francés, considerando tres criterios de inclusión: evaluación directa de los constructos Habilidades Narrativas y Funciones Ejecutivas y su relación, inclusión de información sobre población con desarrollo típico y foco en la franja etaria de 2 a 10 años. La revisión incluyó 38 reportes que mostraron que la asociación entre ambos constructos es un fenómeno robusto. Se observa un predominio de estudios transeccionales. Se requieren estudios longitudinales, con muestras más diversas, y en especial para el español, que permitan establecer la direccionalidad de la relación.

El uso problemático del smartphone ha sido catalogado como un problema de salud pública por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar la relación entre el uso problemático del smartphone y la autoestima. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PsycInfo, PubMed y Scopus recuperando un total de 30 estudios relevantes con una muestra total de 20916 participantes. El tamaño del efecto obtenido mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios es significativo y negativo (r = -.25; IC 95% = -.28, -.21), por lo que las personas que poseen una menor autoestima, presentan mayores niveles de uso problemático del smartphone. Los análisis de meta-regresión mostraron que el sexo y la edad no son variables moderadoras estadísticamente significativas. No se aprecia riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Se presentan las limitaciones y las implicaciones prácticas del trabajo.

La Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A) fue propuesta como una medida multidimensional de bienestar psicológico. El presente estudio planteó la hipótesis de que la escala BIEPS-A es una medida esencialmente unidimensional y, por lo tanto, puede analizarse con modelos unidimensionales de la teoría de respuesta a los ítems. Examinamos datos de 1016 estudiantes universitarios peruanos (Medad = 20.56, 50 % mujeres) y encontramos apoyo para nuestra hipótesis de unidimensionalidad. Por lo tanto, el modelo de respuesta graduada se aplicó a los ítems de la escala BIEPS-A. Todos ellos funcionaron de manera aceptable solo a niveles bajos del constructo, mientras que se desempeñaron mal a niveles promedio y más altos de bienestar psicológico. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos y también se ofrecen sugerencias para futuros desarrollos.

We analyzed the adoption of the community intervention “VAMOS Program” in Primary Health Care (PHC). We carried out a community-based study using mixed-methods in Primary Care Units in Florianopolis, Brazil. We assessed adoption through the RE-AIM framework and conducted interviews and focus groups with 33 health professionals and 26 users participating in the intervention. The Primary Care Units adoption rate was 25%, and the adoption rate among professionals was 80%. We identified three themes related to adoption and we found that organizational factors are challenges that health professionals face when they implement collective actions in PHC but were not inherent factors in adopting VAMOS. We conclude that VAMOS Program has the potential to be offered as a new health promotion tool in PHC.

Con el objetivo de adaptar culturalmente los módulos de semántica y pragmática de la Batería del Lenguaje Objetiva y Criterial (versión screening revisada) para su aplicación en población infantojuvenil argentina (BLOC-SR AR) se realizó este trabajo en tres instancias: sondeo lingüístico (n = 6) para evidenciar el léxico y las estructuras morfosintácticas propias de la variedad del español cordobés; revisión de expertas para discutir la equivalencia y adecuación de las modificaciones; y pruebas de comprensión (n = 49) para evaluar la aplicabilidad y comprensión de los ítems. Del análisis de la aceptabilidad lingüística y equivalencia práctica y conceptual resultó la versión adaptada de los módulos de semántica y pragmática de la BLOC-SR. La BLOC-SR AR se valoró como equivalente, adecuada, aplicable y comprensible para el contexto de Córdoba Argentina. Futuros trabajos deberán constatar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento en poblaciones comunitarias y clínicas.

El estudio realizado en la República Dominicana consistió en evaluar la relación entre violencia experimentada y depresión, ansiedad, ideación suicida, quejas somáticas, trastorno de estrés postraumático, autoestima y apoyo social. Metodología: Estudio transversal y correlacional con 170 mujeres que buscaron ayuda psicológica. Resultados: la edad media fue 38.5. Se observó una correlación positiva significativa débil entre Trastorno por Estrés Post Traumático y la violencia psicológica por control, humillación, violencia física y sexual. La depresión presentó una correlación significativa débil con violencia psicológica por control, humillación y violencia sexual. Hubo una relación negativa significativa débil entre depresión y autoestima. Conclusión: se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre haber sufrido violencia y los síntomas. Estos resultados aportan al ejercicio forense y en la intervención psicológica.

Recognising and responding appropriately to emotions is critical to adaptive psychological functioning. Psychopathic traits (e.g. callous, manipulative, impulsive, antisocial) are related to differences in recognition and response when emotion is conveyed through facial expressions and language. Use of emotional music stimuli represents a promising approach to improve our understanding of the specific emotion processing difficulties underlying psychopathic traits because it decouples recognition of emotion from cues directly conveyed by other people (e.g. facial signals). In Experiment 1, participants listened to clips of emotional music and identified the emotional content (Sample 1, N = 196) or reported on their feelings elicited by the music (Sample 2, N = 197). Participants accurately recognised (t(195) = 32.78, p < .001, d = 4.69) and reported feelings consistent with (t(196) = 7.84, p < .001, d = 1.12) the emotion conveyed in the music. However, psychopathic traits were associated with reduced emotion recognition accuracy (F(1, 191) = 19.39, p < .001) and reduced likelihood of feeling the emotion (F(1, 193) = 35.45, p < .001), particularly for fearful music. In Experiment 2, we replicated findings for broad difficulties with emotion recognition (Sample 3, N = 179) and emotional resonance (Sample 4, N = 199) associated with psychopathic traits. Results offer new insight into emotion recognition and response difficulties that are associated with psychopathic traits.

The horopter's history may partly be responsible for its ambiguous psychophysical definitions and obscured physiological significance. However, the horopter is a useful clinical tool integrating physiological optics and binocular vision. This article aims to help understand how it could come to such different attitudes toward the horopter. After the basic concepts underlying binocular space perception and stereopsis are presented, the horopter's old ideas that influence today's research show their inconsistencies with the conceptualized binocular vision. Two recent geometric theories of the horopter with progressively higher eye model fidelity that resolve the inconsistencies are reviewed. The first theory corrects the 200-year-old Vieth-Müller circle still used as a geometric horopter. The second theory advances Ogle's classical work by modeling empirical horopters as conic sections in the binocular system with the asymmetric eye model that accounts for the observed misalignment of optical components in human eyes. Its extension to iso-disparity conics is discussed.

Background Transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (tCBT) has presented itself as an intervention proposal that aims to integrate the common processes of human functioning with the therapeutic strategies of conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy, considered the gold standard for treating numerous disorders. Objective As far as we know, this review is the first to specifically evaluate transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral interventions in groups. This review aimed to systematically examine the evidence regarding the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral transdiagnostic interventions in groups for the adult population compared to the general interventions or no intervention (control/waiting list). Method The report of the systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched, obtaining a total of 1,058 records. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 articles, published between 2005 and 2022, were selected. Eligible studies were submitted to the assessment of the potential risk of bias through Cochrane's tool for risk assessment of bias (RoB 2). Results The results suggest that transdiagnostic treatments are superior to waiting list conditions and the common treatments, and are at least as effective as active control interventions and specific cognitive-behavioral treatments for diagnosis.

Life satisfaction is an important thing for workers and companies, if life satisfaction is not fulfilled it will have an unfavorable impact. A good workplace experience results in an optimistic psychology and produces a high sense of happiness, and has an impact on life satisfaction. In the spillover theory, it is found that the influence aspect of work is determined by the surrounding environment. This research was conducted on Domestic Container Terminal workers in Indonesia. Where the sampling used is purposive sampling method with the criteria of employees who have a working period of more than 2 years. Data acquisition using survey methods, by means of questionnaire data distributed online using Google-form with Whatsapp social media. This study used a sample of 245 respondents with a total of 49 items. The results of the study can be used by companies, namely how to maintain the life satisfaction of workers, so that workers continue to get positive spillovers which can directly help the company to achieve the set targets. With this, employers can make future strategies in the field of Human Resources related to how to increase bonding with workers so that harmony between employers and workers is well created, one of which is by the way companies must pay attention to job stress experienced by workers by providing opportunities for workers to be involved in the organization, then providing work motivation by providing promotion and career development opportunities. It can be interpreted that everything leads to worker life satisfaction so that it can have a positive impact on individuals and organizations.

Marriage is a good tradition, which brings together a woman and a man Chastity, completion of honors, avoiding deviations and continuity of the generation, is important for the holy religion of Islam. In other words, marriage is a natural disaster that has become a culture after the formation of the structure of human society .The purpose of this research is to describe the social and cultural advantages of wedding parties in Afghanistan, A descriptive qualitative approach is used in this study and the data-collecting process was conducted through the techniques of interview, observation, and documentation. A marriage ceremony in Afghanistan is similar to a comprehensive collection of exhilarating observances of ancient traditions and customs. We have compiled a list of the most unique traditions of an Afghan wedding after conducting extensive research and observation.

How humans recognise faces and objects effortlessly, has become a great point of interest. To understand the underlying process, one of the approaches is to study the facial features, in particular ordinal contrast relations around the eye region, which plays a crucial role in face recognition and perception. Recently the graph-theoretic approaches to electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis are found to be effective in understating the underlying process of human brain while performing various tasks. We have explored this approach in face recognition and perception to know the importance of contrast features around the eye region. We studied functional brain networks, formed using EEG responses, corresponding to four types of visual stimuli with varying contrast relationships: Positive faces, chimeric faces (photo-negated faces, preserving the polarity of contrast relationships around eyes), photo-negated faces and only eyes. We observed the variations in brain networks of each type of stimuli by finding the distribution of graph distances across brain networks of all subjects. Moreover, our statistical analysis shows that positive and chimeric faces are equally easy to recognise in contrast to difficult recognition of negative faces and only eyes.

PT Serela Prima Nutrisia is a company engaged in the arrowroot (Maranta Arundinacea)-based processing product. (1) This research aimed to identify and analyze alternative strategies that could be applied in Oriflakes marketing activities and (2) to identify the company’s marketing strategy that could be recommended according to the segmentation, targeting, and positioning. This research used a descriptive approach. The location determination method used case studies whereas the determination of the respondents used a purposive method. Types of data used in this research were primary and secondary data. The data collection methods used in this research were observation, interviews, documentation, recording, and questionnaires. The analytical techniques used in this research were Descriptive Analysis, Internal and External Factors Matrix, IE Matrix (Internal External), and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results from this research showed that the marketing mix applied by the company were product, price, promotion, place, and the STP concept, which were segmentation, targeting, and positioning. The results from the IE matrix showed that the company position was on hold and maintain. The results of the AHP matrix showed that the highest socre was obtained on the product development strategy. An alternative strategy recommended for the company was a product development strategy.

Research compendium for the manuscript Pesigan, I. J. A., Sun, R. W., & Cheung, S. F. (2023). betaDelta and betaSandwich: Confidence intervals for standardized regression coefficients in R. Multivariate Behavioral Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2023.2201277

Anime has become a popular culture phenomenon in Japan and around the world. The use of anime in advertisements has become one of the most effective marketing strategies in Japan. This article discusses the use of anime in advertisements in Japan, as well as the advantages of using anime in advertisements. This article explains the popularity of anime in Japan and how it has become a part of the country's consumer culture. Then, this article also discusses how anime is used in advertising to attract consumer attention and increase product sales. Furthermore, this article discusses the advantages of using anime in advertisements, including being effective in reaching a young market, increasing brand appeal, and giving a more attractive and unique impression to the advertised product. In this article, it is also explained that the use of anime in advertising can also increase consumer engagement and build an emotional connection between brands and consumers. Apart from that, this article also contains examples of advertisements using anime, both in the private and government sectors. Anime can also help brands create positive and imaginative images that can enhance brand impressions. Overall, the use of anime in advertising in Japan has many advantages and is an effective marketing strategy.

It became relatively easy to make counterfeit currency as technology advanced, such as colour printing. Counterfeit notes are produced so precisely that it's impossible to tell the difference between a genuine and a fake. We can define counterfeit currency notes as copies of actual currency notes produced without the approval of the state or central authority and used to conduct criminal activities. A parallel economy is run with the help of this fake currency note. This parallel economy causes a country's economy to deteriorate, lowering the value of its currency in the global market. As a result, it became critical to build a comprehensive technique to detect counterfeit notes to decrease the flow of counterfeit notes into the market. The fake currency detection system for Indian cash using image processing and machine learning is discussed in this research study. In order to identify real currency notes based on the distinctive features seen on the Indian currency note of 100 rupees, this research uses image processing and the random forest approach. While omitting the texture and colour of the note, banknote identification is accomplished by comparing received banknotes to a database of previously learned images. On the sample size of 400 notes, we found accuracy of 84.25%, recall of 66.25%, and precision of 78.63%. The recommended solution outperforms convolutional neural networks in terms of accuracy and training speed while using a simpler methodology. To prevent inflation and economic loss, this approach can also be used to different types of currency notes.

This paper examines what some scholars of Economic History such as A.G. Hopkins described as ‘Domestic Economy’ or what others like T.B. Ingawa and G.O. Ogunremi referred to as ‘Pre-Colonial Economy’ of African people. The Economic History of a people is an account of how the people in a particular place or a community earned their living in the past. The primary focus of this paper is an examination of economic activities of the Gungawa before their forceful resettlement from their traditional homeland on the numerous islands and banks of River Niger in Yauri and Borgu Emirates to the eastern and western banks of the river as a result of the construction of Kainji Dam. Although discussions in the paper centre on the pre-colonial period, the scope of the paper is extended to almost two decades after colonial period because the resettlement in 1968 produced everlasting consequences on the pre-1968 economic activities of the Gungawa.

BackgorundRhoB is a key member of the Rho family of isoprenylated small GTPases which modulate the cellular cytoskeletal organization. It has a crucial role in the neoplastic apoptotic mechanism after DNA damage. Due to the unavailability of 3D structure in the protein data bank database, in this study, we evaluated the structure of a protein, Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB.ResultsRhoB has a predicted pI of 5.10, indicating that it is acidic. The GMQE value was used to compute the target–template alignment, and 6hxu.1.A from Homo sapiens was chosen as the template structure, with the model construction task completed using swiss-model. The structural compactibility and stability were revealed after a 100ns molecular dynamics simulation using GROMACA employing the OPLS-AA force field. PCA analysis found residues that are relevant based on their fluctuation acitivity while their location is between 100-110 and 140-150.ConclusionThis study will benefit future investigations addressing the association between gene mutation and abnormalities generated by protein Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB in apoptotic events by offering insight into the biophysical phenomenon of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB inhibitors.

In response to historical circumstances, most south-south universities enrolled students in excess of their capacity, resulting in massification and negative consequences for educational quality. Increased enrollment has addressed issues of learning content selection and designing appropriate instructional models, which are equally important issues in ensuring the delivery of quality education. Apparently, the graduation rates of students do not match up to address unemployment. The study investigated the relationship between Massification of University Education and Instructional Delivery of Business Education Programme of State-Owned Universities in South-South Region, Nigeria. Two (2) specific objectives, research questions posed were answered and corresponding null hypotheses were stated, posed, formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Correlation research design was adopted for this study and the population consisted of eighty-three (83) Business Education lecturers in the six (6) state-owned universities offering Business Education in South-south region, Nigeria. No sampling method was employed as the entire population served as a sample of the study. Two (2) sets of instruments titled “Questionnaire on Massification of University Education (QMUE) and Business Education Instructional Delivery Scale (BEIDS)” were used for data collection, which were validated by three experts in Business Education and Measurement and Evaluation. The reliability index of 0.81 and 0.78 were obtained respectively using the test-retest method. Research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t- transformational test was conducted to ascertain if the null hypotheses were significant or not. It was found out that there was a significant relationship between Massification of University Education and learning/content selection and instructional models as components of instructional delivery of Business Education programmes in State-Owned universities in the South-South region. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that Business Education lecturers should select, design, and organize learning materials that stimulate and arouse students to reflect on what and how they are learning as they provide a high tech approach for students to utilize different technologies to aid students’ learning.

In this study, we explored how hotel atmospherics could be applied to enhance guests’ experience in the Nigerian hospitality industry. The study specifically aimed to determine the effects of ambience, interior-exterior design and social environment on guests’ experience in Nigerian hotels. We adopted cross-sectional survey research design. Using a structured questionnaire survey, primary data were obtained from 369 hotel guests. The data obtained were descriptively analyzed and interpreted. The hypotheses of the study were then tested using multiple linear regression. The findings thereof revealed that ambience, interior-exterior design and social environment had significant positive effects on guests’ experience in the Nigerian hospitality industry. Hence, we recommended that hospitality firms’ manager must intentionally and strategically manage atmospheric dimensions on a consistent basis to reinforce their capacity to project positive images and cues capable of stimulating desired responses from customers. Other practical suggestions are also presented along with theoretical suggestions for future research.

The purpose of this study was to examine the early growth of morphological awareness and its predictors. We followed 172 English-speaking Canadian children (82 girls, 90 boys, Mage = 75.56 months at the first assessment point) from Grade 1 to Grade 3 and assessed them on nonverbal IQ, phonological short-term memory, phonological awareness, letter knowledge, and vocabulary at the beginning of Grade 1 and on morphological awareness at the end of Grade 1, beginning and end of Grade 2, and beginning of Grade 3. Results of growth curve modeling showed different growth patterns for Word Analogy and Sentence Analogy. In addition, vocabulary and phonological awareness were associated with the initial status of morphological awareness, and phonological awareness and letter knowledge predicted the growth rate of morphological awareness. These findings suggest that code-related skills drive the development of morphological awareness during the early years of literacy instruction.