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Benzamidines were prepared conveniently from benzonitriles in good yield via catalytic hydrogenation of intermediate benzamidoximes in acetic acid/acetic anhydride.

Issues of cost containment and efficacy of total hip arthroplasty are being raised increasingly as an issue in the insurance industry and Medicare. A growing volume of data exists clearly documenting the benefits of total hip arthroplasty and the literature documenting the cost of total hip arthroplasty clearly demonstrates its costeffectiveness as an intervention. The recent relevant articles are reviewed and the results are presented.

The 1990 literature relating to arthroplasty of the knee is reviewed. Areas of interest over the past year include outcome studies of cemented, non cemented, and hybrid total knee arthroplasties, the results of knee arthroplasty without resurfacing of the patella, and new information regarding the diagnosis and treatment of complications of total knee arthroplasty.

The results of a seismic experiment conducted in Northern Territory over known kimberlite pipes are shown. A very low reflectivity sedimentary sequence and unfavourable near surface conditions resulted in a poor quality surface seismic data. The delineation of the external kimberlite pipe shape at depth, based on the principle of using the P-wave reflections that terminate against the pipe flanks, is not simple. However, by a combined analysis of P and S-reflected waves the pipe shape and its structure may be recoverable from seismic data.In this experiment, most of the seismic energy produced by an explosive charge at a shallow depth generated shear and guided waves rather than P-waves. Totally refracted P, S and guided waves generated additional wave modes in a kimberlite pipe that are used to precisely determine pipe location and its diameter. We also show that single borehole imaging has a potential for the delineation of the external pipe form and structure. The use of such unconventional seismic methods may be the solution for assisting an economic assessment of individual kimberlite pipes in the Northern Territory.

Seismic methods are commonly used for the detection of faults in the exploration and production of coal. Surface seismic methods are not used in industry for the delineation of vertical structure, such as the imaging of dykes. This is because seismic waves transmit from the surface down to horizontal reflection surfaces, and reflect back up to the surface. Consequently, where sub-vertical structure such as dykes occurs, the surface seismic method fails.Seismic methods can use different source-receiver geometries. Their ability to image dykes may therefore depend upon on the geometry used, the dyke thickness and the seismic wave propagation mode in relation to dyke composition and internal structure. Surface seismic methods have difficulty distinguishing between faults or fractures and very thin dykes (l–2m in thickness) when a dyke’s thickness is less than the seismic wavelength. Borehole seismic methods have to be used to detect the presence of dykes and avoid these problems.This paper presents some results from a research project that is attempting to use both surface and downhole seismic methods to detect dykes. The paper shows how surface seismic methods imaged a sub-vertical dyke of some 40 m thickness and its associated faulting. The alternative approach of using downhole seismic sources and receivers (single borehole seismic profiling), showed that dyke sides can also be successfully imaged at depth. In the future it should be possible to produce an image of both sides of a dyke, in its correct orientation, using existing boreholes.

Plane multilayer mirrors 5 cm in diameter and of different 2-D values have been fabricated from polycrystalline platinum and amorphous carbon. The performance of these multilayers at 0.834-nm wavelength has been measured as a function of layer number and thickness. The importance of the commensurate nature of the stack is described with reference to TEM photographs and resistivity measurements.

Detailed knowledge of rheology is critical to understanding tectonic processes. Laboratory experiments to determine the strength of rocks have provided quantitative bounds on the strength of the crust and mantle. This knowledge has allowed computation of large scale deformation in the asthenosphere, given guidance in interpreting field structures, and improved our knowledge of the earthquake process. Progress has been particularly rapid in some areas: the effect of point defect chemistry on high temperature strength; the effect of water on rock strength, recrystallization and grain boundary processes; deformation processes in two‐phase materials; the application of linear elastic fracture mechanics; and the physics of rock friction and instability. Further progress requires increased knowledge of the effect of fluids and fluid flow on strength; of the ways in which chemical reactions and deformation interact, and of the physics and kinetics of deformation mechanisms

The water-soluble carboxylic acid-functionalized aromatic disulfides, 3,3'-dithiodibenzoic acid and 5,5'-dithiodiisophthalic acid (5,5'-dithiodi(1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid)) were prepared and their rates of periodate oxidation to the sulfonic acids were determined. The reaction is first order in each of the reactants which indicates that the slow step is the initial oxidative cleavage step. These aromatic disulfides are oxidized to the sulfonic acids 4-8 times more slowly than a typical aliphatic disulfide. In all cases, water solubility of the disulfide is of prime importance. The periodate oxidation of two aliphatic carboxylic acid analogs were also examined, however, in these cases, the reactions were multiphasic and intermediate thiosulfinates were observed by 1H NMR along with the sulfonic acids.

This paper explores the experiences of people who, following a diagnosis of cancer, initially received treatment in a conventional hospital setting under the direction of professional health-care workers and then joined a cancer support group. In this study it is assumed that an increased awareness of the experiences and needs of patients with a malignant disease will enhance the ability of professional health-care workers to provide more effective care and to meet the physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs of cancer patients. A phenomenological approach was employed in an attempt to understand the experiences from the perspective of the respondents in the study.

Research indicating a need for increased coordination of mental health services in a small Canadian city impelled the design of a 6-month, service coordination pilot project. The project aimed to improve service effectiveness and increase service provider and client satisfaction. Client-chosen service coordinators attempted to increase the amount ofinformation sharing and joint treatment planning among service providers for individual clients. Because few projects of this kind have been adequately evaluated, comprehensive process and outcome evaluations were incorporated in the design. Following a 1-month baseline data collection period, clients were randomly assigned to coordination or control groups. Project implementation and out come were monitored using daily service coordinator reports and pre-post data from clients, service coordinators, and service providers. Results indicated that the project was neither implemented as intended, nor did it meet its objectives. Discussion focuses on the effectiveness of the present evaluation design and future implementations of such ventures.

Background: Ulcerative colitis is largely a disease of nonsmokers, and transdermal nicotine is of therapeutic value in the active disease. Because side effects are common, we developed a topical enema formulation of nicotine.Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics of nicotine complexed with a polyacrylic carbomer and administered by enema to eight healthy volunteers and to eight patients with active ulcerative colitis, verified sigmoidoscopically.Patients and methods: All 16 subjects were nonsmokers. The mean age for normal subjects was 33 years; the mean for patients with ulcerative colitis was 60 years. Median stool frequency for patients with ulcerative colitis was four daily. Patients were taking 5-amino salicylic acid compounds and five were taking oral prednisolone (median dose, 12 mg daily). Nicotine, 6 mg, complexed with carbomer 974P, 400 mg, was administered in a 100 ml enema after an overnight fast, with serial blood measurements taken over 8 hours. Serum nicotine and cotinine were measured by gas liquid chromatography. Area under the concentration-time curves were calculated by the trapezoidal method, and the terminal elimination half-life was derived by extrapolation of the log-linear terminal phase.Results: With the exception of nicotine time to reach peak concentration, which was longer in patients (median of 60 minutes compared with 45 minutes; p < 0.005), other comparisons between normal subjects and patients showed no statistically significant difference, although there was considerable inter-subject variation. Maximum concentration of nicotine, 8.1 ± 3.5 ng/ml, in the 16 subjects occurred after a median of 60 minutes (range, 30 to 180 minutes); maximum cotinine concentrations of 60.4 ± 11.5 ng/ml occurred after 4 hours. Side effects in five subjects were mild (four subjects) or moderate (one subject) and included lightheadedness, nausea, and headache; these five subjects were female lifelong nonsmokers of low body weight.Conclusion: Because most of the active ingredient of nicotine is converted to cotinine on the first pass through the liver, substantial concentrations can be achieved at the site of disease with only modest rises in serum nicotine, which are responsible for side effects; cotinine has low pharmacologic activity. Topical administration of nicotine may be useful treatment for distal ulcerative colitis.

Long-term follow-up of early Chamley cemented THAs demonstrates excellent survival (Table 1). New techniques in cementing have improved the quality of the femoral cement fixation and have shown consistently good performance at 10-year follow-up. Noncemented designs have not yet demonstrated similar long-term results. Recent reports reveal osteolysis in noncemented prostheses, which is observed earlier than in cemented designs. This implies a greater role for polyethylene debris in the etiology of osteolysis.

Describes the cities of Seville, Granada and Cordoba in the Andalusian region of Spain. Islamic history; Glorification of the country's Islamic heritage; Historic buildings and sites; Art of Islamic Spain; Ties that bind Andalucia to its Islamic past.

The effects of some changes of ambients on the dimensions of an activated carbon rod are presented. The emphasis is on the regions where anomalous contractions occur. It is suggested that dimensional changes can be used to estimate adsorption potentials of liquids of very low vapor pressures where adsorption isotherms cannot be measured by the usual methods.

Focuses on project management. Factors that must be considered by security managers hiring a company to install or upgrade equipment; Account of one company that embarked on a computer upgrade; Importance of supervision; Importance of observing project management protocol; Information on performance bonds.

The article offers information on the development of the Dolphin Sea View two-dimensional (2D) sonar by Marine Electronics Ltd. (MEL) in response to the growth of the unmanned aerial vehicle (AUV) and remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) industry. Topics include the firm's engineering meeting for creation of the sonar, the sonar's development in November 2014, and its tank and outdoor testing.

Upper eyelid loading with a gold weight is a generally well-tolerated procedure that helps reduce corneal exposure in patients with lagophthalmos. Complications of this procedure are infrequent. The authors present a rare case of a noninfectious inflammatory response to an eyelid gold weight implant in a 48-year-old woman and summarize all previously published cases. This particular patient presented with incomplete left eyelid closure secondary to a trauma. After having a gold weight inserted into her eyelid to improve closure, she returned with edema and erythema of the eyelid. The inflammation did not respond to oral antibiotics; however, oral steroid therapy resulted in prompt resolution of her symptoms. Her symptoms recurred after discontinuing steroid use and she subsequently required removal of her gold weight implant for permanent resolution of her eyelid inflammation. Although rare, this reaction poses a serious management issue, because it does not respond to antibiotics or short-term steroid use and, in most cases, requires removal of the gold implant.

In this article, the author focuses on the happenings and activities in the organization International Trumpet Guild (ITG) and mentions topics including Ellsworth Smith International Solo Trumpet Competition, conference in Hershey, Pennsylvania, and budget challenges faced by ITG.

Solid phase chemistry can be used to prepare, in excellent yield and purity, a range of Fréchet-type aryl-ether dendrimers, for use in either dendrimer conjugation studies, resin loading enhancement or the wedge based synthesis of larger dendrimers.

The article offers developments related to the organization the International Trumpet Guild (ITG) in the U.S. including the success of the Carmine Caruso contest, the availability of the online issue of the "ITG Journal," and the new organizational directors like Eric Berlin and James Ackley.

Nanopolyplexes formulated from a pH-responsive, endosomolytic polymer with a peptide inhibitor of MAPKAP kinase 2 block inflammatory and migratory signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells and prevent intimal hyperplasia in human saphenous vein grafts.

Carminative activities of 34 alcohols, esters, ethers, phenols, and carbonyl compounds were determined using the guinea pig isolated ileum preparation and are expressed as the ability to produce a 50% inhibition (ID50) of a standard response to carbachol. Aqueous solubilities were measured at 37° using either UV absorption or GLC. The ratios of solubility to ID50were reasonably constant, suggesting nonspecific biological activity, similar to that previously observed with general anesthetics. Hansch analysis indicated that carminative activities were largely controlled by solubility, as indicated by octanol-water distribution coefficients. The principal remaining factor appeared to be the steric availability of the oxygen atom in the functional group of the compound.

The unexplained variation in the relationships between carminative activities and octanol-water distribution coefficients of various classes of compounds was explained. The steric substituent constant (Es) value, van der Waals volume, and molecular connectivity were introduced into a previously derived correlation. Each parameter brought about an improvement, and molecular connectivity was the most successful. Correlations containing molecular connectivity terms explained the excess variation. The results were in agreement with a mechanism in which carminative activity depended on the availability of the oxygen atom in the functional group of the molecule and was reduced when the substituent attached to the oxygen hindered the interaction between the oxygen atom and the receptor.

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM), or memristors, may be capable of significantly improving the efficiency of neuromorphic computing, when used as a central component of an analog hardware accelerator. However, the significant electrical variation within a single device and between devices degrades the maximum efficiency and accuracy which can be achieved by a ReRAM-based neuromorphic accelerator. In this report, the electrical variability is characterized, with a particular focus on that which is due to fundamental, intrinsic factors. Analytical and ab initio models are presented which offer insight into the factors responsible for this variability.

Using high‐resolution surface imaging and a split‐cylinder technique, we mapped the strain heterogeneity in Carrara marble samples deformed to bulk strains <25%, under conventional triaxial loading, at 400–700°C, 300 MPa confining pressure, and strain rates of 10−4to 10−5s−1. To map strain, we deposited grid markers on the polished surface of a half cylinder, performed mechanical tests on composites of two half cylinders, compared the positions of each marker in undeformed and deformed samples, and computed the spatial distribution of strain. Strains over the scale of a few microns varied by as much as 300%. Localized deformation occurred along twins and grain boundaries but was also present as patches in intragranular regions. The heterogeneity is more pronounced at scales smaller than grains, but the strain averaged over individual grains also varied by 50%. After deformation, the crystallographic orientation of individual grains relative to the compression direction was measured by electron backscattered diffraction. Inverse pole figures of the aggregate lattice‐preferred orientation (LPO) have a maximum near e(018) and are consistent with previous studies. The observed LPO is qualitatively consistent with that produced by simulations using a simple viscoplastic self‐consistent (VPSC) code that did not include mechanisms other than slip or twinning. The qualitative comparison of observed and simulated LPO was not sensitive to the model for the crystallographic resolved shear stresses for slip. However, the VPSC simulation was ineffective in predicting individual grain rotations.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The article profiles James Klages, a cornet player. He was directly hired as cornet soloist by "The President's Own" United States Marine Band in Washington, D.C. He suffered Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and was helped by Gonstead Chiropractic, administered by Doctor Dennis Doan. A documentary on his life is presented in the video "Healed: The Story of James Klages."

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.