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The machinery of Interdiction requires certain casuistical applications. This study has shown that at the very least it necessitates the differentiation of the levels of interpretation. That is to say, it requires respect for the forms which preside over the order of places of discourse and their inscription in the theatre of the founding Reference, or, put differently, that of the social Third. It is in this sense that rituals can be understood as being an essential dimension of the judicial function. Before proceeding further, it seems to me to be necessary to situate this function in the context of contemporary culture and to elaborate upon it in terms of a brief reflection on the institution of forms.

Gérard Prévost, The Lessons of a Social Crisis ou the Rupture of a Consensus (The Strikes of November and December 1995) Weberian sociology has eliminated the questions posed by classical political philosophy and has made it difficult to incorporate class analysis into social science. The "modernization " advocated by recent socialist governments in France provided President Chirac with a watchword justifying a reactionary program : "reform ". In fact, the disorientation of the social sciences is related to that of the general population. But today the social crisis has reintroduced an essential dimension : the question of the social classes which have Just broken the intellectual consensus., Prévost Gérard. Les leçons d'une crise sociale ou la rupture d'un consensus (Les grèves de novembre et décembre 1995). In: L'Homme et la société, N. 117-118, 1995. Luttes de classes. pp. 91-102.

Obstetrics and gynecology continues to experience fiscal pressures that challenge its core missions. In such an increasingly economically unforgiving environment, philanthropy will become a major source of revenue. This article provides ethical guidance for seeking philanthropic gifts by translating ethical theory into practice. The basis for this guidance is an account of the ethics of philanthropy that identifies both its consequentialist and deontologic components and shows their relevance to the ethical significance of donors' motivations and directiveness. The prevention of abuse of vulnerable donors and of distortions of the physician-patient relationship is emphasized. Ethics is an essential component of the responsible solicitation of philanthropic support from donors.

Respecting the values and preferences of adolescents regarding treatment is an essential dimension of nursing practice. As public policy and societal thinking about the role of minors in healthcare decisions evolves, critical care nurses are in a pivotal position to provide leadership and guidance. Critical care nurses who care for adolescents should embrace the opportunity created by the PSDA to implement creative strategies for involving minors in decision making, seek improved methods of assessing decision-making capacity, and document the values and preferences of minors.

Rigorous experimental methods suppress differences among study participants (noise) to detect true intervention effects (signals). But suppressing participants' heterogeneity obscures an essential dimension of biological and clinical knowledge. Medicine is therefore ambivalent about the influence of heterogeneity on outcomes and struggles to find ways to take it properly into account in both clinical practice and research. This analysis explores the roots of that ambivalence. Drawing on the evaluation of 2 health care improvement initiatives, this article examines the unique features of improvement that help to understand heterogeneity's influence on study methods, and suggests a variety of ways to assess the effect of heterogeneity on study outcome measures.

Students rated instances of fear-like emotions on 34 attributes related to distinctions between fear and anxiety in the literature, and then on relative degree of fear vs anxiety produced. Instances rated most fear-like had been rated as higher than more anxiety-like instances in terms of clarity and reality of causes, but lower in terms of the clarity of understanding the situation and knowing what to do when in it. There were two distinct clusters of fear-like instances and two distinct “anxiety clusters;” the two fear clusters were more different from each other than from the two anxiety clusters in terms of ratings on these clarity-related attributes. Analysis suggested (a) that “pure fear” is less vague than anxiety in some ways but more vague in other ways and (b) that comparisons have to be qualified because emotion-labels usually encompass more than one kind of emotion. However, differences in present-centeredness and other factors may be reliable and general.

Security of a nation is closely linked to development and the growth of institutions and democracy. Human development is an essential dimension and security means empowerment of the people. In advancing the step towards non-traditional security, the dissemination of information is an important aspect.

This essay outlines the contours of a socialist feminist tradition in women's fiction in the United States. From Elizabeth Stewart Phelp's The Silent Partner (1971) to contemporary works by writers like Marge Piercy, Alice Walker, and Mary Lee Settle, this literature often embodies a common central drama: the growth of social consciousness as an essential dimension of the quest for individual identity. Phelp's The Silent Partner and Settle's Killing Ground, published 110 years apart, exemplify this thematic continuity, though Settle places her protagonist's quest in a modernist frame of reference. Obviously, the works of different historical eras differ from one another in the institutions they question and the forms of activism they advocate. They may differ most from one another, though, in their construction of aspects of the ‘private’ sphere—sexuality, reproduction, motherhood. Left feminist writers today resist a severance of public and private and insist on the necessity of transforming all our social relations.

In this paper connections between several geometric questions on the transitivity of metric collineation groups and connections with algebraic questions on the structure of certain kinds of quadratic forms are studied. Geometric problems are translated into algebraic ones so that the far developed algebraic theory of quadratic forms can be applied. There are no restrictions concerning dimension or characteristic.

In this time of "burnout" and high turnover in nursing, we must attend to our own needs for healing. Integration of a spiritual dimension in our lives and work are central to our health. A balanced life allows nurses to give more, not less, to their practice. Spirituality enlarges the purpose and meaning of our lives and work. Nursing practice entails care, comfort, and healing. These nursing actions flow naturally from a peaceful center.

If it is the case, as John Macmurray suggests, that ‘any way of life implies a philosophy’, or further, that ‘there is a necessary relation between philosophy and social practice’, then an essential dimension of the task of the philosophical theologian must be to engage with the philosophy inherent in and underlying the social practice manifest in the society in which he or she operates. This would imply that the theologian should work in cooperation and in dialogue with the sociologist. But it is clear from theological literature that this course rarely appeals to the theologian who would rather not risk the charge of being unequally yoked with those inhabiting other domains or of deserting his academic or spiritual ‘kingdom’ in pursuit of what is often seen to be the fashionable or the popular!

Biography is a type of history, and, like history, it reveals in synoptic form something about what happened in the past. Synopsis requires a hierarchical series of selections and rejections reflecting a system of values concerning intention: what is retained is relevant, noteworthy and persuasive with respect to the intended message — the ‘truth’ about the past. I will address one example of such a selective process: the biographical episodes and events that appear on a series of Mithraic cult images made during the second and third centuries. The functional meaning of the biographical elements as parts of an ensemble has been approached before, but not fully deciphered. My approach to the problem will be through the configuration of the biographical data and how that configuration gave form to and expressed a certain meaning within Mithraic ideology. Such an explanation will add an essential dimension to earlier theories, and locate these religious works within the context of the adaptive use o...

Recent philosophy of religion, particularly neo-Wittgensteinian philosophy of religion, has reminded philosophers that there is more to religion than belief and, indeed, that there is more to religious belief than mere belief. D. Z. Phillips is among those who have made a contribution here. He has emphasized how religious belief is very different from the kind of belief that amounts to holding a hypothesis, even a God-hypothesis. However, perhaps because of his non-cognitivist tendencies, Phillips, unlike Kierkegaard to whom he often appeals, has failed to bring into relief another quintessential fact about belief in God, namely that it is for the believer an entered relationship with God. We do well to appreciate that belief in God is not identical with making a truth claim. But if the essential core of religious belief is construed as an attitudinal or affective response, as non-cognitivists tend to construe it, an important conceptual dimension of religious faith will all but be overlooked, as, paradoxically it seems it has been by the philosophical approach that strives to describe the religious ‘form of life’ in its own terms. In what follows I shall endeavour to bring into relief what I take to be an essential dimension of religious belief, one which presupposes that religious belief is an entered relationship for the believer. This I shall do by pursuing a contrast which, I think, at once clarifies and makes undeniable religious belief's essential nature as a relationship to God.

Let G be a finite group and φ:V→W an equivariant polynomial map between finite dimensional G-modules. We say that φ is faithful if G acts faithfully on φ(V). The covariant dimension of G is the minimum of the dimension of φ(V)¯ taken over all faithful φ. In [Hanspeter Kraft, Gerald W. Schwarz, Compression of finite group actions and covariant dimension, J. Algebra 313 (1) (2007) 268–291] we investigated covariant dimension and were able to determine it in many cases. Our techniques largely depended upon finding homogeneous faithful covariants. After publication of the paper, the junior author of this article pointed out several gaps in our proofs. Fortunately, this inspired us to find better techniques, involving multihomogeneous covariants, which have enabled us to extend and complete the results, simplify the proofs and fill the gaps of our previous work.

Let $G$ be a finite group and $\phi\colon V\to W$ an equivariant morphism of finite dimensional $G$-modules. We say that $\phi$ is faithful if $G$ acts faithfully on $\phi(V)$. The covariant dimension of $G$ is the minimum of the dimension of $\bar{\phi(V)}$ taken over all faithful $\phi$. In this paper we investigate covariant dimension and are able to determine it for abelian groups and to obtain estimates for the symmetric and alternating groups. We also classify groups of covariant dimension less than or equal to 2. A byproduct of our investigations is the existence of a purely transcendental field of definition of degree $n-3$ for a generic field extension of degree $n\geq 5$., Comment: 22 pages

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a finite group to have essential dimension 1 over an infinite ground field.

Most contemporary neural network models deal with essentially static, perceptual problems of classification and transformation. Models such as multi-layer feedforward perceptrons generally do not incorporate time as an essential dimension, whereas biological neural networks are inherently temporal systems. In modelling motor behaviour, however, it is essential to have models that are able to produce temporal patterns of varying duration and complexity. A model is proposed, based on a network of pulse oscillators consisting of neuron/interneuron (NiN) pairs. Due to the inherent temporal properties, a simple NiN net, taught by a pseudo-Hebbian learning scheme, could be used in simulating handwriting pen-tip displacement of individual letters.

Although significant progresses have been made in recent years regarding the goals of Enterprise Engineering, we find that the rationale behind every component of an organization is still not systematically and clearly specified. Indeed, state of the art approaches to enterprise development processes do not explicitly incorporate an essential dimension of analysis: value. This state of affairs does not warrant a leading role in enterprise alignment.

Time is an essential dimension to analyse and understand real-world evolution. Although many temporal extensions to spatial models have been proposed, there is still a need to define modelling methods to describe and represent real-world phenomena. This paper presents a set of design patterns modelling spatio-temporal processes expressed in an object-relationship data model. The proposed framework is based on an analysis of spatio-temporal processes and on properties of object-oriented and entity-relationship data models.

Two classes of surjective maps f: Sm -S' that are one-to-one over the image of a dense set are constructed. We show that for m, n > 3 there is a monotone surjection f: Sm -* Sn that is one-to-one over the image of a dense set; and for 3 < n < m < 2n 3, each element of 7rm(Sn) can be represented as a monotone surjection f: Sm -* Sn that is one-to-one over the image of a dense set.

A rguments dealing with the issue of the consolidation of urban governmental services and/or governmental units in metropolitan areas are familiar to most practitioners and academics concerned with the study of urban politics and administration. Most introductory texts on urban affairs, for example, characteristically devote a section of readings describing and evaluating the "fragmented metropolis."' Moreover, unlike many issues of interest to political science and public administration, the question of governmental consolidation extends beyond academia. The consolidation of urban governments has been the subject of popular press coverage, numerous voter referenda, and has been the focus of attention of a variety of local, state, and federal governmental and nongovernmental commissions.2 While the debate on municipal consolidation has generally been couched in terms of multi-purpose governmental consolidations (e.g., city and county mergers, "Unigov" and "Metro" consolidation, etc.), an essential dimension of the arguments supportive of areawide metropolitan government has been the thought that the consolidation of particular urban governmental services, such as public safety departments, would lead to a more effective and equitable system for the provision of public services. The purpose of this article will be to review a rapidly growing body of literature which is highly critical of municipal consolidation, and, in particular, as consolidation relates to the provision of police services.3 In addition to reviewing this literature, this article will also attempt to do an empirical evaluation of some of the major "anti-consolidationist" positions relating specifically to the police. * A set of literature in public administration has recently emerged, associated with the Public Choice perspective, which argues against metropolitan consolidation-and police consolidation specifically. This article reviews the major assertions which the "anticonsolidationists" make in specific reference to the consolidation of urban police departments: (1) that larger police departments are not more efficient or economical; and (2) that citizen satisfaction with urban police services varies inversely with the size of the municipality. On the first assertion the authors find that evidence is still inconclusive regarding the economy and efficiency of larger police departments. To evaluate the second assertion Campbell and Schuman's study of citizen attitudes in 15 American cities was reanalyzed. The results indicate that, contrary to the anti-consolidationist viewpoint, citizen satisfaction with police services is more a reflection of the differentiated socioeconomic characteristics of central cities and suburban cities than a function of city size. Evidence further suggests that "if all things were equal," larger jurisdictions would produce more satisfying police services.

Inversion of a finite-convolution operator is known to be an ill-posed problem. However, although the complete solution cannot be recovered to within any specified accuracy, certain components of the solution can be accurately determined. We present an estimate of the number of such components, termed here the essential dimension of the finite-convolution operator, that is dependent on the noise levels in the data, the desired accuracy in the solution, and the singular values of the finite convolution. We then show that the required singular values may be easily and accurately approximated so that the essential dimension is easily estimated and indicate its superiority over previously proposed measures of ill conditioning for this problem.

James Britton has insisted that this feature of composing, scanning, is an essential dimension of the cognitive processing that takes place when a competent writer is engaged in all but the simplest of writing tasks. Writers need to scan, according to Britton, in order to make alterations in their progressing text and to retain control over their emerging ideas.2 To test the importance of scanning, Britton and three of his colleagues in the London Institute Project on Written Language tried writing without scanning, using worn-out ball-point pens