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Diversity of intertidal macrobenthic community and environmental parameters namely temperature, salinity, pH and DO were assessed near the proposed nuclear power plant site Jaitapur from 2012 to 2014. Analysis of macrobenthic samples revealed the presence of 54 species belonging to 19 different groups. Highest diversity (14 groups) was observed during the post-monsoon (2014) season. At sandy and rocky shores, polychaetes were dominant followed by crustaceans like amphipod, isopod, penaeid shrimps and decapod larvae. Among all inshore stations, diversity was found to be maximum at Ganeshgule (N SW30 kms). Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.259) and Margalefs species richness index (2.502) indicated rich diversity at rocky habitats (N SW30 kms). The present study suggests the stable environmental parameters around the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) sites and is responsible for the rich benthic community. The outcome of the present study may be useful as baseline information on macrobenthos around the proposed Jaitapur NPP site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have indicated certain environmental variables such as rainfall, nutrient concentrations and mixing events can be strong drivers of the phytoplankton community structure in reservoirs. Shifts in the phytoplankton community composition of Puerto Rican reservoirs, however, are not well understood. The present study identified the spatial and temporal changes in the phytoplankton community structure of two reservoirs in Puerto Rica, and which environmental parameters determined the structure. Whether or not the main environmental variables varied on the basis of the initial trophic status of the reservoirs was also explored. Two Puerto Rican reservoirs, one classified as mesotrophic and the other as eutrophic, were sampled on three sampling dates, with the reservoirs into three zones (dam; transition; riverine). Physical parameters were recorded at each sampling site, nutrient concentrations were measured, and the phytoplankton community biomass and diversity were determined. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was run for each reservoir to explore which variables determined the phytoplankton community composition. Temperature, pH and total phosphorus concentration were the main drivers of the phytoplankton community composition for the mesotrophic reservoir, while specific conductance, pH, total phosphorus and nitrate were the main explanatory variables. Although the driving variables changed between the reservoirs, the temporal shifts observed in the phytoplankton community structure were consistent for both reservoirs regardless of their trophic status. The findings of the present study suggest that, although shifts in the phytoplankton community structure are similar in reservoirs with differing initial trophic status, the environmental variables driving community composition may nevertheless vary. Accordingly, tropical reservoirs managers should consider a reservoir's initial trophic status when evaluating what environmental parameters may lead to changes in its phytoplankton community structure. The present study represents a first step at examining the variables driving phytoplankton community structure in Puerto Rican reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caspian Sea (CS) is a unique ecosystem known for its several fish species, especially sturgeons. To exhaustively manage the fish stocks of this ecosystem, detailed knowledge of species composition, abundance, distribution, and the habitat traits of the living organisms is necessary. This study analyzed the diversity, spatial, and seasonal distribution of commercial demersal fish species, and examined the relationships between community structure and environmental variability in Iranian shelf waters of the CS. For this purpose, seasonally fish sampling took place between 2009 and 2011 with a bottom trawl. Among 11 fish species captured, Chelon spp., Rutilus kutum, and Vimba vimba showed the highest abundances (i.e. 88.49%, 10.67%, and 0.69%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed differences in commercial fish assemblages (abundance and species richness) according to seasons and regions. Distance‐based Linear Model (DisTLM) showed that eight environmental variables display significant linear relationships with the fauna resemblance matrix (p <.05). Based on AIC criteria, the combination of silt&clay, TOM, longitude, depth, bottom, and surface temperature used to build the parsimonious DisTLM model explain 67.03% of the total variability. The results revealed a biogeographical and temporal gradient from the west to the east and summer to winter, in terms of commercial demersal fish assemblages and species diversity, as a consequence of different geomorphological, bottom substratum conditions and benthic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In control of lands, the assemblage and determination of effective factors on survival are necessary. The management of habitat is based on speculation and becomes a failure without the information. This study was done to survey the habitat suitability index of the Kura goby (Ponticola cyrius) in the Tajan River. For this purpose, samples were taken during a month from December to January 2014, at 15 stations in Tajan River from the highest point accessible to Crossroads Takam, and then triggering samples were counted. The environmental factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, pH, width, depth, altitude, slope, diagonal of substrate stones, water velocity, type of cover, and the measure of shadow were recorded in each station. Specimens of fish were caught by electrofishing at each station and were counted. Habitat suitability index was calculated for each. The results showed that the second station (upstream part) is the most favorable habitat for Kura goby, and some parameters such as dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and depth of the river have the key role in the high habitat suitability index of the second station. Also, vegetation cover of bushes and shrubs, 40 to 71 percent of shadow, and the cobblestone bed were observed in habitat selection of Kura goby. According to the results of this study and due to the lack of mobility and the presence of ventral fin, the desirable habitat for this species is rubble beds (diameter 15 cm) and the flow rate of water is less than 0.5 m/s.

Forecasting environmental parameters in the distant future requires complex modelling and large computational resources. Due to the sensitivity and complexity of forecast models, long-term parameter forecasts (e.g. up to 2100) are uncommon and only produced by a few organisations, in heterogeneous formats and based on different assumptions of greenhouse gases emissions. However, data mining techniques can be used to coerce the data to a uniform time and spatial representation, which facilitates their use in many applications. In this paper, streams of big data coming from AquaMaps and NASA collections of 126 long-term forecasts of nine types of environmental parameters are processed through a cloud computing platform in order to (i) standardise and harmonise the data representations, (ii) produce intermediate scenarios and new informative parameters, and (iii) align all sets on a common time and spatial resolution. Time series cross-correlation applied to these aligned datasets reveals patterns of climate change and similarities between parameter trends in 10 marine areas. Our results highlight that (i) the Mediterranean Sea may have a standalone ‘response’ to climate change with respect to other areas, (ii) the Poles are most representative of global forecasted change, and (iii) the trends are generally alarming for most oceans.

Abstract Background The drosophilid Phortica variegata is known as vector of Thelazia callipaeda, the oriental eyeworm native to Asia that has become an emergent zoonotic agent in several European regions. Unlike almost all other arthropod vectors of pathogens, only P. variegata males feed of lachrymal secretions of animals, ingesting first-stage larvae (L1) of the worm living in the orbital cavities of the host, and allowing with the same behaviour the introduction of infective L3. Despite the increased detection of T. callipaeda in many European countries, information about the length of the lachryphagous activity period of P. variegata and a deep knowledge of the environmental and climatic variables involved are still limited. Methods We herein present the results of a multicentre study involving five sites from four different countries (Italy, Spain, UK and USA) where canine thelaziosis is endemic and/or where it has already been ascertained the presence of P. variegata. Field data have been obtained on a fortnightly basis from mid-April to the end of November 2018 from a contemporary standardized sampling (same sampling effort and time of collection in all sites) of lachryphagous flies collected around the eyes of a human bait using an entomological net. These data have been associated to data collection of local climatic variables (day length, temperature, wind speed, barometric pressure and relative humidity). Results Overall, a total of 4862 P. variegata flies (4637 males and 224 females) were collected, with high differences in densities among the different sampling sites. Significant positive correlations were found between P. variegata male density and temperature and wind speed, while negative correlations were observed for barometric pressure and relative humidity. However, the above significant differences are confirmed in each sampling site separately only for the temperature. Conclusions This multicentre study highlights that temperature is the major common environmental driver in describing the lachryphagous activity of P. variegata in Europe and USA and, therefore, the transmission risk of thelaziosis.

Although climate change is expected to increase the extent of drylands worldwide, the effect of drought on the soil microbiome is still insufficiently understood as for dominant but little characterized phyla like the Acidobacteria. In the present study the active acidobacterial communities of Namibian soils differing in type, physicochemical parameters, and land use were characterized by high-throughput sequencing. Water content, pH, major ions and nutrients were distinct for sandy soils, woodlands or dry agriculture on loamy sands. Soils were repeatedly sampled over a 2-year time period and covered consecutively a strong rainy, a dry, a normal rainy and a weak rainy season. The increasing drought had differential effects on different soils. Linear modeling of the soil water content across all sampling locations and sampling dates revealed that the accumulated precipitation of the preceding season had only a weak, but statistically significant effect, whereas woodland and irrigation exerted a strong positive effect on water content. The decrease in soil water content was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the fraction of active Acidobacteria (7.9–0.7%) while overall bacterial community size/cell counts remained constant. Notably, the strongest decline in the relative fraction of Acidobacteria was observed after the first cycle of rainy and dry season, rather than after the weakest rainy season at the end of the observation period. Over the 2-year period, also the β-diversity of soil Acidobacteria changed. During the first year this change in composition was related to soil type (loamy sand) and land use (woodland) as explanatory variables. A total of 188 different acidobacterial sequence variants affiliated with the “Acidobacteriia,” Blastocatellia, and Vicinamibacteria changed significantly in abundance, suggesting either drought sensitivity or formation of dormant cell forms. Comparative physiological testing of 15 Namibian isolates revealed species-specific and differential responses in viability during long-term continuous desiccation or drying-rewetting cycles. These different responses were not determined by phylogenetic affiliation and provide a first explanation for the effect of drought on soil Acidobacteria. In conclusion, the response of acidobacterial communities to water availability is non-linear, most likely caused by the different physiological adaptations of the different taxa present.

Because of the accessibility of massive data from remote sensing data and developments in ML, machine learning (ML) techniques have been extensively applied in environmental remote sensing research. Modern machine learning (ML) frameworks like deep learning (DL) have significantly outperformed older models in terms of performance. This study focuses on the software that uses a traditional neural network (NN) as well as Deep Learning (DL) approaches in environmental remote sensing, which also covers land cover mapping, retrieval of environmental parameters, data fusion, image compression, and information reconstruction and prediction. It is also explained how DL may be used to monitor other aspects of the ecosystem, including the environment, water management, ground and air surface temperatures, transpiration, ultraviolet (UV) rays, and sea color all factors to consider. Following that, the essay explores the challenges and prospective uses of DL in environmental remote sensing.

This work compares the contributions of synoptic, intraseasonal, and interannual components of large-scale parameters to tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) from April to December from 1979 to 2020. A composite analysis is employed with respect to TC genesis time and location. It is shown that most TCs occur when the total sea surface temperature (SST) is between 28 and 30 °C and SST anomalies in three time ranges are small (with the magnitude less than 0.2 °C). The TCs form mostly when the anomalies of vertical zonal wind shear are between −6 and 6 m s−1 and total vertical zonal wind shear falls within −12 and −3 m s−1, with the synoptic component being a positive contributor. The intraseasonal component of vorticity and convergence in the low level, vertical motion and specific humidity in the middle level, and convection contributes dominantly to the TC genesis. Synoptic-scale tropical disturbances obtain barotropic kinetic energy from the climatological mean and intraseasonal flows, with the former dominant in the southeastern sector, and the latter dominant in the northwestern sector. The contributions of the three temporal components of environmental factors are compared for TC genesis between the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BOB) and between the early season (April through June) and late season (September through December). The relative contributions of the three temporal components of factors are also compared for the TC formation among the NIO, northern tropical Atlantic Ocean (NTA), Northwestern Pacific (WNP), and Northeastern Pacific (ENP).

Abstract Riparian forests present biotic and abiotic factors that influence environmental dissimilarity, which reflect specific fern distribution. The purpose of this this study was to evaluate the environmental heterogeneity associated to the terrestrial fern communities in riparian forest remnants in the grasslands southern half of Rio Grande do Sul state . We sampled ten 5×5 m plots in each site (AI, AII and AIII), totaling 30 plots. In each plot, fern species were inventoried and vegetative, microclimatic and edaphic parameters were collected. A total of 24 species were surveyed in the three riparian forest remnants, distributed in 19 genera and 10 families. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed that plots of AI had the highest temperature and aluminum values, while humidity was the lowest, which was reflected in the decrease of ferns richness. Soil moisture and air humidity were variables more related to the plots of AII and AII, indicating that these plants were favored in these environments. The floristic identity characteristic of each site suggests that many species are dependent to certain local environmental conditions. In this sense, even in very geographically close sites, riparian remnants deserve conservation attention, since they are capable of harboring high diversity in this grassland phytophysiognomy in southern Brazil. The results of this integrated study, with vegetation, climatic, and edaphic parameters, suggest, as expected, that ferns categorically respond to the heterogeneity shown by riparian environments, even when fragments are geographically very close to each other.

The type of single-slope solar greenhouse is mainly used for vegetable production in China. The coupling of heat storage and release courses and the dynamic change in the outdoor weather parameters momentarily affect the indoor environment. Due to the high cost of small weather stations, the environmental parameters monitored by the nearest meteorological stations are usually used as outdoor environmental parameters in China. In order to accurately predict the solar greenhouse and crop water demand, this paper proposes three deep learning models, including neural network regression (DNNR), long short-term memory (LSTM), and convolutional neural network-long- short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), and the hyperparameters of three models were determined by orthogonal experimental design (OD). The temperature and relative humidity monitored by the indoor sensors and outdoor weather station were taken as the inputs of models, the temperature and relative humidity 3, 6, 12 and 24 h in advance were taken as the output, 16 combinations of input and output data of two typical solar greenhouses were trained separately by three deep learning models, those models were trained 144, 144 and 288 times, respectively. The best model of three type models at four prediction time points were selected, respectively. For the forecast time point of 12 h in advance, the errors of the best LSTM and CNN-LSTM models in two greenhouses were all smaller than the DNNR models. For the three other time points, the results show that the DNNR models have excellent prediction accuracy among the three models. The maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, and ETo were also accurately predicted using the corresponding optimized models. In sum, this study provided an optimized deep learning prediction model for environmental parameters of greenhouse and provides technical support for irrigation decision-making and water allocation.

Soiling significantly impacts PV systems’ performance, but this can be mitigated through optimized frequency and timing of cleaning. This experimental study focused on the conditions leading to soiling. It utilized a novel method to evaluate the effectiveness of different cleaning frequencies. The transmittance of horizontally mounted glass coupons exposed outdoors in a warm and humid location was measured weekly and these measurements were used (i) to evaluate the variability of soiling and its seasonal correlations with environmental factors using linear regression models and (ii) to assess the effectiveness of the different cleaning cycles using statistical (F- and t-test) analysis. The minimum transmittance loss occurred during the season with the most frequent rainfall, which acted as the dominant natural cleaning agent. The experimental campaign showed that rainfalls do not completely clean soiling; a minimum intensity threshold has to be achieved to have a cleaning effect. The threshold rainfall was the highest for the weekly cleaned glass coupon and lowest for a coupon that was never cleaned. Based on the statistical analysis, it is suggested that weekly cleanings during winter and post-monsoon seasons and monthly cleanings during pre-monsoon and southwest monsoon seasons are optimal for areas in the Köppen–Geiger Cwa climate classification category. The correlation between soiling and environmental parameters was found to be highly dependent on the season. It may therefore not be possible to develop a simple, universal predictive relationship for soiling losses. The presented methodology is applicable to additional locations, even outside of the study area of India, to contribute to the understanding and mitigation of soiling.

Macrobrachium lamarrei (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) is a well-known freshwater prawn species of Bangladesh. The aim of the research is to explore various reproductive aspects (size at sexual maturity, reproductive period and fecundity) of M. lamarrei in the Ganges River, Bangladesh through October 2012 to September 2013. We also study the environmental parameters and their impact on reproduction of M. lamarrei. A total 391 (ovigerous = 141, non-ovigerous = 250) female specimens were collected using Drag net. The TL 50 (the TL at which 50% of individuals become mature) was calculated by a logistic equation as 5.20 cm. Based on the availability of ovigerous females the spawning season was February-November with the peak June-July. Further, 50% and 90% ovigerous females were observed when Fulton's condition factor (K F) was 0.85 and 1.03, respectively. The total fecundity (F T) was ranged from 65 to 370 where TL was 4.20–6.40 cm and BW was 0.84–2.50 g. Fecundity was found to be highly correlated with TL (r2 ≥ 0.96, r s = 0.96, p < 0.0001) and BW (r2 ≥ 0.88, r s = 0.93, p < 0.0001). Temperature (r p = 0.82, p = 0.009), dissolved oxygen (DO) (r p = −0.83, p = 0.0007), pH (r p = 0.80, p = 0.0014) and total alkalinity (r p = −0.87, p = 0.0002), were highly correlated with ovigerous females. The average temperature on peak spawning season was 32 °C. Also, the spawning period connected with the peak rainfall and showed a notable relation between rainfall and ovigerous females. In addition, exploration of long data series pointed that yearly average air temperature is rising by 0.029 °C yr−1, whereas yearly average rainfall is falling by 2.96 mm yr−1. Therefore, the result will be helpful for the sustainable management and conservation of M. lamarrei through fixed permissible mesh size and establishment of a ban period in the Ganges River, Bangladesh and adjoining ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropic activities have progressively left their mark in the environment where man benefits from the ecosystem goods and services, which has transcended socio-environmental conflicts throughout history. Proof of this is the drastic changes suffered by the Bogotá River due to the uncontrolled discharges from the continuous growth of populations and activities surrounding the body of water. In the present study, the variability of the environmental parameters in the upper basin of the Bogotá River between the years 2007 to 2019 is exposed after the issuance of the Agreement 43 of 2006 of the CAR, for which a multi-temporal analysis was carried out and statistical data. The results show that throughout the twelve (12) years of monitoring there is no contamination due to nitrates, nitrites, or sulfates in the upper basin of the Bogotá River, similarly, the monitored pH remained within the objectives of quality except for 3 years in which the maximum value allowed in the upper part of the basin was exceeded. However, the increasing deterioration of the water quality in the Bogotá River is mainly attributed to the total suspended solids that shows a permanent non-compliance in the upper and lower upper basin, added to the non-compliance in the lower upper basin according to the quality objectives for the dissolved oxygen, BOD and COD parameters. Consequently, the results show the scarce impact derived from the actions developed by the local and environmental authorities to ensure the quality objectives in the upper basin of the Bogotá River, and the effect of weak water governance in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to understand the ecohydrological interactions of periphyton assemblages in a canal (Bishalakhi) located in the Indian Sundarban. Sixteen environmental variables and periphyton (scrapped from a known area of submerged natural substrates) were collected seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon) from three sampling stations between July 2017 and September 2018. Data was analyzed to determine periphyton diversity, abundance, spatiotemporal dynamics, and their relationship with environmental variables using R-software. Eleven environmental variables (water temperature, water depth, water velocity, specific conductivity, total alkalinity, salinity, Mg2+, PO4−P, TP, SiO4−Si, and transparency) showed significant difference (p<0.05) across seasons. In total, 74 taxa of periphyton under 42 genera and 6 taxonomic groups were recorded. Diatom dominated the periphyton community in terms of diversity and abundance. All the recorded periphytic groups positively correlated with PO4−P and transparency and negatively correlated with water velocity and water depth. Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae showed a negative correlation with specific conductivity. Canonical correspondence analysis between five environmental variables (specific conductivity, water velocity, Ca2+, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen) that explained 94.70% of the variation and species abundance resulted in three constrained canonical axes in order of CCA1 (0.99) > CCA2 (0.93) > CCA3 (0.93). The majority of the diatom (36 species) had a strong affinity with dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen. The water velocity and specific conductivity were found to influence the distribution of species (Phormidium sp., Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Diploneis sp., Synedra sp., Eunotia sp., and Nitzschia recta) in the canal environment. The results of this study advance the current understanding of the relationship between periphyton and its environment and may aid for better planning of periphyton-based aquaculture in the semilotic canals of Indian Sundarbans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to evaluate the relationship between the environmental and design parameters of the air conditioning system, and the presence of colony-forming units (CFUs) of bacteria on surfaces. This retrospective study was carried out in controlled environment rooms in 12 hospitals in Spain, as part of a periodic environmental biosecurity assessment programme. Between 2010 and 2017, a total amount of 1027 samples were collected from floors and 861 from hand contact surfaces (HCSs), and the environmental parameters (temperature, relative humidity, fungal and bacterial CFUs present in the air) and design parameters (air changes per hour (ACH), differential pressure and position of the high efficiency particulate air filter) were monitored. The multivariate analysis concluded that, for each increased degree Celsius of temperature, the bacterial CFUs increased by 22.4% (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.224, 1.05–1.43) and by 25.9% (IRR: 1.259, 1.06–1.50) on HCSs and floors, respectively, and for each increase in ACH, the CFUs decreased 3.9% (IRR: 0.961, 0.94–0.99) and 2.5% (IRR: 0.975, 0.95–1.00) on HCSs and floors, respectively. Our results show the influence of the environmental and design parameters of air conditioning on the number of CFUs on surfaces and floors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding of the laws of environmental parameters in the later stage of gas explosion in coal mine roadways is of great significance for the prevention and control of derivative disasters and post-disaster rescue. To further comprehend this, the article performed explosion experiments under different gas concentrations in a semi-closed pipeline, focusing on the continuously varied rules of environmental parameters (pressure, temperature, humidity) after a gas explosion. The results showed that the pressure at the open end of the pipeline exhibited a relatively remarkable upward tendency when it arrived in the valley. By comparing with the pressure monitored in the middle of the pipeline, it was concluded that there was a more apparent air reflux phenomenon at the open end. The changes in temperature and humidity were roughly similar, both had a relatively distinct increase after an explosion, with the temperature rising by 7.2% on average and the humidity increasing by 2.7% on average. When the methane concentration was 9.5%, its pressure peaks, temperature peak, and humidity peak were all the maximum. Moreover, the phenomenon of air reflux was also the earliest, with 3.1 seconds, which demonstrated that the closer to the gas equivalent concentration, the more sufficient and violent the explosion reaction, the greater the possibility of secondary accidents. The research can provide a theoretical basis for preventing derived hazards (coal dust explosions, secondary explosions) and reducing the effect of derived hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aimed to use histopathological gill biomarkers in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and physicochemical and microbiological analyses of water in the evaluation of impacts to fish farms located in São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar, state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Histopathological analyses performed on gills indicated morphological alterations in all tissues analysed. The lesions found were as follows: epithelial lifting, lamellar epithelium hyperplasia, blood vessel congestion, lamellar fusion, blood sinus dilation and lamellar aneurysm. Temperature, D.O., salinity and nitrite values obtained were considered within recommended standards. The pH verified in a pisciculture located in Paço do Lumiar is considered potentially stressful to fish and, therefore, predisposing to pathologies. Ammonia in a fish farm in São José de Ribamar is considered sublethal. In all fish farms evaluated, the presence of high counts of total coliforms for fish farms of São José de Ribamar was verified. Escherichia coli was verified in a cultivation in São José de Ribamar indicating faecal contamination of the nursery water by the flow of some source of domestic effluent. The integration of studies with physical, chemical and biological variables generates important data to evaluate the quality of fish production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Snakeheads are the most common fishes in freshwater wetlands of Bangladesh, but in recent years they are subjected to decline by overfishing pressure, anthropogenic factors, and climate changes. A one-year-long biometric investigation was undertaken which involve monthly random sampling of Channa striata and Channa punctatus from local wetland and measured total length, body weight data, and gonad's weight in the laboratory. Then data were treated and analyzed by following the different multi-model tools i.e., Fulton's condition factor, relative condition factor, allometric condition factor, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results exhibit a strong correlation between the total length and body weight of Channa striata and Channa punctatus with an r² value of 0.826, 0.819, respectively. Pearson's correlation showed a trend of both positive and negative correlation coefficients between different conditions factors and morphometry for both species. The peak value for gonad's weight, gonadosomatic index, and Dobriyal index was reported in the monsoon while the bottom value was in winter for both sexes of both species. The temperature, dissolved O2, and turbidity were found as fluctuating throughout the season while dissolved NH3 and pH remained constant. This data will help in the betterment of conservation, management, and fishing policy by the government, scientists, and fisheries industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen isotopic composition of tree‐ring cellulose (δ18Ocell) has been widely used to reconstruct historical environmental changes; however, the control factors on δ18Ocell have not been fully constrained—especially in high latitudes. To evaluate the influence of metabolic processes and related environmental factors on δ18Ocell, we analyzed the δ18O values of soil water (1998–2015), stem water (1997–2016), leaf water (3 days in each 2014 and 2015), and tree‐ring cellulose (1981–2016), on a dominant larch species (Larix cajanderi) in an eastern Siberian boreal forest. We determined that the δ18O variability of water sources is dependent on the precipitation, and the 18O enrichment in leaf water is determined by relative humidity. These findings suggest that both water source uptake and leaf water enrichment processes can affect the δ18O values of oxygen‐containing compounds in larch trees in the study site. However, the δ18Ocell (one of the end oxygen‐containing products) was found dependent on water sources on which was related to the amount of summer rainfall in the previous year. This finding significantly differs from that of studies in other areas, which infer the positive correlation between δ18Ocell and leaf water enrichment rather than precipitation or water sources. These differences are predominantly due to the specific conditions of high‐latitude areas, such as the large seasonal δ18O difference in precipitation, the existence of permafrost, and the low growth rate. Our findings contribute toward the development of tree‐ring paleoclimate reconstructions—especially in eastern Siberia. Plain Language Summary: Scientists often find correlations between the oxygen isotopic composition of tree‐ring cellulose (δ18Ocell) and environmental parameters, such as temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity (RH), etc, and δ18Ocell become a good indicator for paleoclimate reconstruction. However, the trend of these correlations is not always the same among different sites. What and why has not been clearly clarified, especially in high latitudes. In this study, we focused on the δ18Ocell of larch trees and most related environmental factors in eastern Siberia. We also attempted to explain why the correlations occurred through the aspects of isotopic fractionation processes and compounds related to oxygen utilization. For the most important result, we found positive correlations between pre‐rain (previous summer rainfall) and δ18Ocell. We also found source water δ18O was positively dependent on the amount of pre‐rain, meanwhile, leaf water δ18O was negatively related to RH. These suggest that δ18Ocell are highly dependent on water sources stored in permafrost from previous year rather than leaf water evapotranspiration. The contradicts to the previous study is considered as the particular environmental conditions in our study site, including the large temperature variability, low snow amount, and slow growth. The conclusion can significantly contribute toward paleoclimate reconstructions in close sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extreme variability in the topography, altitude and climatic conditions in the temperate Grassland Mountains of Southern Africa is associated with the complex mosaic of grassland communities with pockets of woodland patches. Understanding the relationships between plant communities and environmental parameters is essential in biodiversity conservation, especially for current and future climate change predictions. This article focused on the spatial distribution of woodland communities and their associated environmental drivers in the Golden Gate Highlands (GGHNP) National Park in South Africa. A generalized linear model (GLM) assuming a binomial distribution, was used to determine the optimal environmental variables influencing the spatial distribution of the woodland communities. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) was relatively higher for the topographic ruggedness index (68.78%), topographic roughness index (68.03), aspect (60.04%), coarse fragments (37.46%) and the topographic wetness index (31.33) whereas soil pH, bulk density, sandy and clay contents had relatively less variation (2.39%, 3.23%, 7.56% and 8.46% respectively). In determining the optimal number of environmental variables influencing the spatial distribution of woodland communities, roughness index, topographic wetness index, soil coarse fragments, soil organic carbon, soil cation exchange capacity and remote-sensing based vegetation condition index were significant (p 0.05) and positively correlated with the woodland communities. Soil nitrogen, clay content, soil pH, fire and elevation were also significant but negatively correlated with the woodland communities. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was 0.81. This was indicative of a Parsimonious Model with explanatory predictive power for determination of optimal environmental variables in vegetation ecology. Conservation implications: The isolated woodland communities are sources of floristic diversity and important biogeographical links between larger forest areas in the wider Drakensberg region. They provide suitable habitats for a larger number of forest species and harbour some of the endemic tree species of South Africa. They also provide watershed protection and other important ecosystem services. Understanding the drivers influencing the spatial distribution and persistence of these woodland communities is therefore key to conservation planning in the area.

Pesticides are essential for removing plant pests and sustaining good yields on agricultural land. Excessive use has detrimental repercussions, such as the depletion of soil fertility and the proliferation of immune insect species, such as Nilaparvata lunges and Nezara viridula. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) variable-rate spraying offers a precise and adaptable alternative strategy for overcoming these challenges. This study explores research trends in the application of semi-automatic approaches and land-specific platforms for precision spraying. The employment of an autonomous control system, together with a selection of hardware such as microcontrollers, sensors, pumps, and nozzles, yields the performance necessary to accomplish spraying precision, UAV performance efficacy, and flexibility in meeting plant pesticide requirements. This paper discusses the implications of ongoing and developing research. The comparison of hardware, control system approaches, and data acquisition from the parameters of each study is presented to facilitate future research. Future research is incentivized to continue the precision performance of the variable rate development by combining it with cropland mapping to determine the need for pesticides, although strict limits on the amount of spraying make it difficult to achieve the same, even though the quality is very beneficial.

Based on the multi-source observation data and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data in Hunan from 2002 to 2021, this study statistically analyzes the climatic characteristics of compound severe convection. The distribution characteristics and prediction thresholds of environmental parameters of compound severe convective weather, thermal hail, thunderstorm gale and short-term heavy precipitation events in Hunan, are compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) The primary type of compound severe convection is a thunderstorm gale that accompanies short-term heavy precipitation. The compound severe convection mainly occurs in spring and summer, with the most common occurrence in July. There are seasonal differences in the types of compound severe convection. The primary type in spring is a thunderstorm gale with hail and hail with short-term heavy precipitation. The primary type in summer is a thunderstorm gale with short-term heavy precipitation. The probability of compound severe convection is the highest in southeastern Hunan, and the lowest in southwestern Hunan. (2) The values of the critical physical parameters required for the occurrence of thermal hail, such as the thermal instability stratification, CAPE and 0–6 km vertical wind shear, are the highest, followed by compound severe convection. Compound severe convection also requires high water vapor, which is only inferior to short-term heavy precipitation. (3) The critical physical parameters also differ in spring and summer. For the temperature difference between 850 and 500 hPa, the seasonal difference is not apparent, indicating that all types of severe convective weather need strong convective instability. CAPE is generally higher in summer than in spring, while the surface-specific humidity and 0–6 km vertical wind shear are higher in summer than in spring.

This paper calculates and analyzes the collision and freezing characteristics of water droplets on the cylindrical conductors with different diameters and deduces the variation law of icing weight change rate on different diameters rotating cylindrical conductors with wind speed, ambient temperature, liquid water content, and median volume diameter. Then, a prediction and value-seeking method of icing environment parameters based on rotating circular conductors is determined. The laboratory test results show that the measured values of ambient temperature T, wind speed U, liquid water content w and median volume diameter MVD are in good conformity with the reference values measured by other instruments, and the average errors of each parameter are 3.41%, 5.44%, 6.08% and 7.20%, respectively. The field natural experiment was carried out at Hunan Xuefengshan Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station. The obtained icing environmental parameters were substituted into the icing simulation calculation model of the LDQ-100 glass insulator. Compared with the field experiment results, the simulated ice shape and the field ice shape were in good agreement. The error between the numerical calculation results of the icing weight and the field icing weight of the experimental insulator was less than 6%.

There is an increasing demand for sea cucumbers, for human consumption, mainly from Asian markets and, as a consequence, NE-Atlantic species are now new targets for exploitation and exportation. Holothuria mammata is one of the most valuable species in Europe. However, the lack of historical economic interest in this species in most European countries has also led to a lack of studies concerning biological and ecological aspects on wild populations and this is a major issue for stock management. This study aims to determine the temporal and spatial patterns of distribution of H. mammata, considering its abundance and demographic structure in a NE-Atlantic area, SW Portugal, as a function of environmental conditions. For that, a population from a marine protected area was followed for 1 year at 1.5-month intervals. Throughout the coastal area, six sites were selected and at each sampling campaign three random transects per site and substrate (rock and sand) in which all H. mammata individuals were counted and measured. For each site and survey several environmental parameters of interest, from the water column, the sediment and substrate cover, were also measured. Generalized Linear Models were used to model the spatial and temporal distribution of the species according to environmental conditions, to determine the species’ habitat preferences. The distribution models indicate that abiotic and biotic parameters of the water column are not the main drivers shaping the distribution of H. mammata. The species has a patchy distribution, and its habitat preferences depend on environmental stability, the presence of shelter and habitat complexity, which is more important for smaller, more vulnerable, individuals, while bigger size classes tend to venture more into less stable environments in an opportunistic fashion. The knowledge of these population traits is determinant to develop stock management measures, which are now urgent to prevent the depletion of commercial sea cucumber populations in the NE-Atlantic. Sustainable fisheries policies should be developed and start by considering to delimit fishing areas and periods, considering the species spatial and temporal distribution patterns.

Biomonitoring of complex heterogeneous environments is highly challenging. Fish in deep water bodies occupy different habitats, so a combination of survey methods has traditionally been used. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a novel monitoring tool that can overcome spatial heterogeneity in a highly sensitive and entirely non-invasive manner. However, taxon detection probability is dependent on environmental variables. In this study, three reservoirs were sampled in two seasons using a spatiotemporally distributed sampling design covering major environmental gradients. In all sampling campaigns, 31 fish taxa were detected. Data reliability was supported by tight positive correlations between individual taxon scores derived from gillnet sampling and eDNA site occupancy. Analyses confirmed anticipated trends, such as the highest number of taxa in the largest water body, and more taxa in inflows and littoral regions compared to open water. The most important factors for fish distribution were temperature, water age and trophic status (expressed as total Chlorophyll a concentration) of water bodies. Taxon detection reflected ecological niches of individual species, e.g. warm water wels catfish (Silurus glanis) and cold water salmonids. This study provides further evidence that eDNA metabarcoding is a suitable alternative or complement to conventional fish sampling in reservoirs.

A reaction-diffusion-advection model is proposed to describe the growth of algae depending on both nutrients and inorganic carbon in a poorly mixed water column. Nutrients from the water bottom and inorganic carbon from the water surface form an asymmetric resource supply mechanism for the algal growth. The existence and stability of semi-trivial steady state and positive steady state of the model are proved, and a threshold condition for the regime shift from extinction to survival of algae is established. The influence of environmental parameters on the vertical distribution of algae is investigated in the water column. It is shown that the vertical distribution of algae can exhibit many different profiles under the combined limitation of nutrients and inorganic carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The suddenly enforced COVID-19 pandemic lockdown has impacted the Earth's environment, and several studies have reported a significant change in air pollution using remote sensing data. In this study, we highlight significant changes in the environment due to reduced human activities using MODIS, Sentinel-5 and NASA-USDA/SMAP satellite data. Critical parameters such as nitrogen dioxide, land surface temperature, surface soil moisture and normalized difference vegetation index were compared (prepandemic and post-pandemic) for six highly impacted cities around the world. This study is crucial for environmental management to maintain sustainability of the Earth's ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the architecture and the performances of a long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) infrastructure used for data transmission from a floating sensor node placed in the middle of the sea to a multigateway structure positioned on the coast, whose purpose is the monitoring of offshore breeding cages within a fish farming plant. In particular, the sensor node is installed on a seamark buoy and it is interfaced with ad hoc sensors for the measurement of marine parameters. All sampled data are conveyed ashore to the Gateways by successfully covering the distance of 8.33 km. The article presents the results concerning the performances of the data transmission for a 70-day operating period, analyzing the radio parameters Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) in relation to the variations of environmental parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure, as well as weather conditions. The proposed system demonstrates the usability of the LoRaWAN in all those cases where data collection from offshore monitoring structures is required; while this infrastructure focuses on the monitoring of fish farming plants, it may find application in several contexts, from navigational buoys to offshore oil plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natura Croatica is the property of Natura Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Green mussel farming in coastal waters is on the edge of aquaculture trends for its worldwide acceptability as a supreme delicacy and an inexpensive protein source. The coastal water of Bangladesh has one of the world’s richest ecosystems with high productivity of fisheries due to the geographical location in the tropical climate zone, high rainfall and enrichment of water nutrients through the surface of the wide Gangetic river systems. This study aims to assess the feasibility of green mussel (Perna viridis) culture in the southeast coast of the Bay of Bengal, emphasizing coastal landlocked channels and estuary. Site capability rating system was applied based on the biophysical parameters and natural food requirements for the fast and effective evaluation of potential sites of green mussel farming. The year-round monthly variations of environmental parameters and plankton composition were recorded from seven potential sites Moheshkhali Channel, Rezu Khal and Naf River. Based on the biophysical parameters, Rezu Khal area is ranked as unsuitable/less suitable for green mussel culture mainly due to shallow water depth, high turbidity, lower food availability and higher temporal salinity fluctuation caused by the freshwater run-off during the monsoon season. However, Moheshkhali Channel and Naf River are medium to good sites based on suitability rating points, indicating that these sites are most suitable for commercial green mussel farming. Moreover, high chlorophyll-α and plankton abundance in these sites ensure that natural food availability is adequate to sustain green mussel farming. The present study findings would be applicable for the planning and development of a sustainable green mussel farming system in Bangladesh and elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This preliminary study aimed to identify benthic macroinvertebrates, and test the relationships of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs) and environmental parameters in the stream environments of the Guli River National Wetland Park. We used square-frame net to collect benthic macroinvertebrate populations and multi-parameter probe to measure water temperature, conductivity, pH, chlorine, turbidity, ammonium, nitrate and chlorophyll 푎 in situ. We analyzed total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the lab following American Public Health Association (APHA) protocols. We used the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to test the correlations of stream community FFGs with physicochemical variables. We caught a total of 64 macroinvertebrate species and measured ten environmental variables at eight sites in both seasons (summer and autumn). Among macroinvertebrates, we identified more insects (50 species) in both seasons. Benthic macroinvertebrate abundance (p = 0.6966), taxa richness (p = 0.1122), Shannon diversity (퐻, p = 0.0762) and Pileou's evenness (퐽', p = 0.7922) were similar at all sites between two seasons. Water temperature, chlorine, NH4+, NO3-, turbidity, TN and TP were high during summer, while chlorophyll a, conductivity and pH increased during autumn. Our CCA results showed that the metrics of abundance of gathering-collectors had significant relationships with total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate and conductivity. The findings also shed light on predators, shredders and filter-collectors and their positive correlations with pH, turbidity, ammonium, chlorine and chlorophyll 푎 in stream environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of science and technology in our country, environmental problems have emerged one after another. The salinization of soil components in many oasis areas has begun to appear, which is a problem facing the whole world. In this research, we have conducted a large number of experiments and field investigations to study the oasis using hyperspectral image technology. We first conducted an in-depth study and understanding of the knowledge behind the salinization of oasis, and then conducted on-site surveys, and used the characteristics of hyperspectral images to detect the composition of the oasis soil. In the next 2 years, we will also continue to pay attention to the changes in the composition of the oasis soil, and study the evolution of the oasis in time series. We have focused on how the climate of the oasis in recent decades has affected the formation of the oasis, which provides a basis for studying the development of the oasis. At the same time, we have also studied the stability and security of some mountain and desert ecosystems, and learned about their sustainable development models. We have also taken a series of measures to establish ecological demonstration areas in some western regions to study the ecological effects of oasis areas. At the same time, we actively cooperated with the national oasis project and made our own predictions on the evolution of the environment. At the same time, we also put forward some suggestions and management models to provide help and support for the future development of the oasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water quality of Lake Kuriftu is deteriorating, and monitoring programs are almost nonexistent in Ethiopia. Phytoplanktons are good indicators of environmental changes due to their fast response to a wide range of stressors. The phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) can be used as water quality indicators. This study aimed to assess the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) in relation to some physicochemical water quality parameters measured at three sites in Lake Kuriftu. Samples for the analysis of biological and physicochemical parameters were collected monthly, from December 2020 to April 2021. The results of the physicochemical parameters revealed that Lake Kuriftu is turbid (21.37 to 59.86 NTU), has a thin euphotic depth (Z SD 0.304 to 0.548 m), and is eutrophic. Ninety-seven (97) phytoplankton taxa were identified and classified into 16 Reynolds Functional Groups (RFGs), of which six (J , MP , X 1 , Lo , S 1 , and F) were represented by more than six species. FGs S 1 , SN , Lo , and Lm , which often form Harmful Algal Blooms, contributed together about 33.54 mg L −1 , or 87.84 % , of the total biomass recorded for Lake Kuriftu, demonstrating the water quality of the lake is deteriorating. Among the FGs, the most dominant (in terms of biomass) was S 1 , followed by J at all sites and in all sampling months. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that the main driving factors of phytoplankton FG biomass and composition were TP, Z SD , TN, Salinity, and ammonia. Among these, TP and salinity impacted the FGs negatively, while TN and ammonia influenced them positively. Thus, the physicochemical parameters have a significant impact on the distribution of phytoplankton FGs, suggesting that the use of FGs for water quality monitoring programs is useful. To promote wise use and conservation of the lake ecosystem, more intensive study should be carried out on the biological and physicochemical aspects of the lake, as it is part of a tourist attraction area and a source of income for local inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work has focused on a pharmaceutical plant waters and the environmental impact of its discharges. The Water Quality Index (WQI), the Organic Pollution Index (OPI) and the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) of incoming and outgoing waters were analyzed over seasonal variations for 5 months using classical and mathematical indices. Highly significant increases were observed at the output (p 0.05). These parameters remained high all over the study period except for the BOD5. The WQI was reported in input waters in the range 85.9–89.5 indicating water safe for domestic use, range 42.3–60.9 (medium to bad) in output waters highlighting the water pollution. The OPI highlighted waters with low-to-moderate pollution, essentially due to high levels of nitrites. The SAR was found in “medium-to-high” salinity and “low sodium” ranges, thus precautions required in soils but without significant global effects. The COD/BOD5 ratio highlighted a wastewater sometimes difficultly biodegradable (ratio > 3). In conclusion, often throughout all the study period, the outgoing waters were found with bad quality and non-negligible risks for soils; it is thus strongly advocated that these waters must undergo appropriate treatment to improve its physicochemical quality.

BIM technologies are becoming more widely used, mainly in the design and operation of buildings and structures, and in most cases, this is enough for trouble-free operation. Nevertheless, there is a category of buildings for which the monitoring of the technical condition should be an integral part of the construction and operation. These are the so-called public large-span structures. Unfortunately, the development of BIM technology in the Russian Federation is not at such a level as to answer questions about the behaviour of objects under changing environmental conditions and reveal hidden patterns in the monitoring data. Based on the analysis of literary sources, the authors reviewed various methods for identifying hidden patterns in geodetic measurement data when monitoring buildings and structures. It is noted that modern analysis methods are based on statistical processing of measurement results and on the statistical method of forecasting. However, there are attempts to apply models that take into account the design features and the temperature regime of the object. This type includes the two proposed models, which are used to model the three-dimensional coordinates of the strain marks in the 3D model and only the elevations of the marks in the 1-Z model. The article presents the rationale for the simulated geometric elements and properties of the object. The solution of the equations of both models and the analysis of the results and parameters of the model for measurement epochs are shown. The simulation is shown on the example of a real object, which was monitored by the authors in 2015-2016. The authors believe that the monitoring of large-span structures and the search for patterns of their behaviour should be an integral part of the BIM system for such structures.

Appendicularians are the most important group among zooplankton communities, widely distributed in all the oceans and they are considered as one of the most important sources of productivity and food supplies for secondary consumers. So this study aimed to identify, introduce and assess the temporal and spatial variations of the Appendicularians in the Persian Gulf, restricted to coastal waters of northern part of Bushehr. Appendicularians were collected during seven sampling programs, from Frake river-estuary, three sites of large creek-estuary of the Shif, one site in the sea, and one site in the Lashkari creek-estuary, at middle and last day of each season, midsummer of 2016 to spring of 2017. During all surveys, depth of the sampling location, Secchi depth, water temperature, pH, and salinity were measured. Finally, 4 species were identified, Oikopleura dioica, Oikopleura longicauda Appendicularia sicula and Fritillaria sp. The highest total density was observed in the sea station at March, with dominance of O. dioica and a relative abundance of 80%, relative abundance of O. longicauda, A sicula andFritillaria sp.were calculated 18.9%, 1.06% and 0.04% respectively, so Fritillaria sp were introduced as rare species. Two species of O. dioica andO. longicauda demonstrated completely different spatial and temporal distribution pattern, and based on dbRDA (distance based Redundancy Analysis), transparency explains effectively the distribution pattern of O longicauda, and alsodepth and salinity are the most important factors which explain the distribution pattern of O dioica and temperature was correlated factor with abundances of A sicula, in our study area.

This study was carried out to determine the water environmental parameters as risk factors for rainbow trout breeding and rearing farms in the Haraz River. 84 water samples were collected at 6 stations during seven months in 2017-2018. Water samples were analyzed by standard titration and spectrophotometry. Results showed that the range of water temperature (4.0-17.0◦C), weather temperature (5.0-28.0◦C), dissolved oxygen (7.36-14.24 mg/l), BOD5 (0.20-20.80 mg/l), COD (3.50-41.40 mg/l), electro-conductivity (345-650 µS/cm), turbidity (2-81 NTU), TSS (0.01-0.72 g/l), pH (6.98-8.15), TP/P (0.01-0.15 mg/l), PO43- (0.01-0.20 mg/l), NH4+ (0.02-0.31 mg/l), NH3 (0.14-4.36 µg/l), NO2- (0.01-0.21 mg/l), fecal coliform (9-30000 CFU/100ml) and water quality index (48.5-98.5) were changed. The results of the stepwise regression analysis indicated that the risk factors of water quality in the Haraz River were fecal coliform, phosphate, turbidity, and BOD5 parameters, and fecal coliform had a higher coefficient factor (beta coefficient) than other parameters (p

Abstract Continuous measurements of soil CO2 flux are useful for understanding degassing processes and for monitoring volcanic activities. Recent studies at many volcanoes have revealed that soil CO2 flux variations are significantly influenced by environmental parameters as well as volcanic processes. In this study, we conducted continuous monitoring of soil CO2 flux in the flank of Nakadake cone, Aso volcano, Japan, from January 2016 to November 2017. The results of our observations during an active period before and after a large phreatomagmatic eruption on 8 October 2016 and during a calm period from 2017 showed variations in soil CO2 flux due to oscillations in environmental parameters. Excluding these variations from the raw time series by multivariate linear regression analysis, the time series of soil CO2 flux presented some anomalous peaks in both the active and calm periods. Careful comparison of the anomalous peaks with the environmental parameters revealed that most of the anomalous peaks were likely due to an increase in wind speed and/or a decrease in barometric pressure. However, the anomaly after the 8 October 2016 eruption was not completely explicable by the variations in the environmental parameters and coincided with increases in seismic amplitude and plume SO2 flux. This anomaly was possibly attributed to an increase in magmatic CO2 flux. These findings emphasized the importance of careful statistical treatment of the soil CO2 flux data after excluding the influences of the environmental parameters at each measurement site. These statistical treatments will contribute to a better understanding of the degassing processes and monitoring of volcanic activities, including phreatic or phreatomagmatic eruptions.

In the present study, aquatic Oligochaeta (Annelida: Clitellata) fauna and environmental parameters from 15 predetermined stations in Sarıçay, Karamenderes, Tuzla, and Kocabaş streams in Biga Peninsula (NorthWest Anatolia) were seasonally studied. Benthic samplings were collected via Hess Sampler and Ekman Birge Grab. During benthic samplings, temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were analysed on-site whereas chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and water quality parameters such as PO4-P, and NO3-N were analysed in laboratory. In this study, a total of 340.993 individuals of Oligochaeta belonging 33 different taxawere obtained. The family Naididae had the highest number of species (29 taxa); and followed by Enchytraeidae (2 taxa) and Lumbriculidae (2 taxa).It was demonstrated through Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) that species that are tolerant to organic pollution, including Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen, 1901), Tubifex tubifex Müller, 1774, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 are dominant in the stations located in sub tributary basins. In addition, Bothrioneurum vejdovskyanum Stolc, 1886, Mesenchytraeus sanguineus Nielsen & Christensen, 1959 and Enchytraeus christenseni Dozsa-Farkas, 1992, found in this study, are recorded for the first time for the aquatic Oligochaeta Fauna in Turkey.

This study analyzed the impact of meteorological variables and high-lethality suicide attempts (HLSA) to assess a potential time shift of HLSA affected by climate evolution to predict the suicide attempt cases over different periods of the year. After attempting suicide, 225 subjects were admitted to the emergency ward of the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and later to the psychiatric unit from March 2016 to July 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the meteorological variables were collected. The Mann-Kendall test as well as redundancy and cross-correlation analyses were performed to analyze the trends, statistically correlations, and correspondence of the trends, respectively between suicidal behaviors and climatic factors. Sixty-seven (29.8%) committed a HLSA. Our findings indicate a significant association between HLSA and male gender and apparent temperature with a strong correlation of 75% with a phase shift of −1 month. Solar radiation and air pollution (PM2.5) have a positive correlation of 65 and 32%, respectively, with a zero-time lag. Limitations include that the data are limited to a single hospital; psychological factors, or other clinical variables that could be ruled out as a trigger have not been considered. Meteorological variables may not mirror the temperature that the patient is exposed to due to the air conditioning systems. Exploring those environmental factors associated with HLSA in a more detailed manner could lead to early intervention and prevention strategies for such distressing admissions.

Copyright of Journal of Fisheries Science & Technology is the property of Tarbiat Modares University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Present study dealt with the relative influence of environmental factors on phytoplankton assemblage pattern and diversity in Indian Sundarbans. Analysis revealed, five parameters (temperature, DO, salinity, PO 4 −P and transparency) varied significantly between seasons (p ≤0.05). Out of 84 species (62 genera), diatoms dominated across the seasons with maximum contribution from pennales (22 genera). Coscinodiscophyceae exhibited prominence in terms of abundance (2.501 × 103±1.04 × 103 org.L−1) and Bacillariophyceae in diversity (29 species). ANOVA (post-hoc test) showed the significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity (p ≤0.05) of phytoplankton distribution in the system. Seasonal abundance revealed maximum in monsoon (3.347 × 103±1.948 × 103 org.L−1). Cluster analysis showed three clusters among the stations with maximum similarity between Jharkhali and Nischintapur. NMDS portrayed overall 40% similarity among all the stations. Furthermore, the resemblance of community compositions was observed between Pathar Pratima and Frazerganj, which might be due to geographical proximity between the stations and similar magnitude of salinity throughout the study period. Water parameters viz., temperature, total alkalinity, salinity, PO 4 −P, SiO 4 −Si and SO 4 2− were the deterministic parameters influencing the distribution of phytoplankton, which was evident from BIO-ENV and Marginal test. Furthermore, the distance based linear model (DistLM) model explained two variables viz., PO 4 −P and total alkalinity were the controlling variables that could explain the phytoplankton community compositions in Sundarbans. Shannon diversity index indicated moderately rich phytoplankton diversity in the system with a calculated value >2.78. Index of multivariate dispersion (IMD) value also depicted increase in the community variability with the dispersion value of – 0.431. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wireless sensor network (WSN), nodes show a low forwarding rate under a poor-quality links environment and a resource-constrained state. The malicious nodes imitate this forwarding behavior, which can selectively forward date, eavesdropping, or discarding important dates. The traditional reputation model is challenging to identify with this kind of sub-attack nodes. To address these problems, a malicious node identification strategy based on time reputation model and environmental parameters optimization (TRM-EPO) is proposed in the WSN. First of all, the comprehensive reputation is calculated according to the direct reputation and the recommended indirect reputation. The environmental parameters matrix is based on nodes' running state, taking into account nodes' energy, data volume, number of adjacent nodes, and node sparsity. Besides, according to the environmental parameters matrix, and the recorded comprehensive reputation matrix, the next cycle's trust can be predicted. Finally, a similarity of the actual reputation and predicted trust matrix is proposed to compare with an adaptive threshold to identify malicious nodes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy improves sensor nodes' security and reliability in a complex environment. Moreover, compared to comparison algorithms, the TRM-EPO improves the recognition rate above 1% and reduces the false-positive rate by more than 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor airborne fungi have been associated with adverse human health effects. Therefore, it is important to understand the causes of underlying variation in airborne fungi in indoor environments. This study consequently aimed to investigate the association between indoor fungi with temporal variation, environmental parameters, and potential confounders over 10 months in four library rooms using Andersen samplers. Indoor fungal concentrations peaked in October and were lowest in March in both stack rooms, whereas the highest concentrations in both reading rooms were observed in September with lowest concentrations in July. Nonparametric analyses revealed higher fungal concentrations in the rooms that were significantly associated with relative humidity ≥ 60%, PM2.5 ≥ 35 μg/m3, number of people ≥ 16, open windows, working air conditioners, and room area < 400 m2. Multiple linear regression modeling for the library building considering only continuous variables revealed that relative humidity, PM2.5, and the number of people were significant predictors of fungal concentrations. Additionally, the model with continuous and categorical variables suggested that relative humidity, PM2.5, the number of people, ceiling fan condition, window state, and air conditioner operating status were significant predictor variables of concentrations. Outdoor fungal concentrations were a significant predictor for the two models of indoor fungal concentrations for each room. Ceiling fan or air conditioner operation was associated with altered fungal particle concentrations. These results provide a deeper understanding of indoor air fungal quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the impact of meteorological variables and high-lethality suicide attempts (HLSA) to assess a potential time shift of HLSA affected by climate evolution to predict the suicide attempt cases over different periods of the year. After attempting suicide, 225 subjects were admitted to the emergency ward of the IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and later to the psychiatric unit from March 2016 to July 2018. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as well as the meteorological variables were collected. The Mann-Kendall test as well as redundancy and cross-correlation analyses were performed to analyze the trends, statistically correlations, and correspondence of the trends, respectively between suicidal behaviors and climatic factors. Sixty-seven (29.8%) committed a HLSA. Our findings indicate a significant association between HLSA and male gender and apparent temperature with a strong correlation of 75% with a phase shift of −1 month. Solar radiation and air pollution (PM2.5) have a positive correlation of 65 and 32%, respectively, with a zero-time lag. Limitations include that the data are limited to a single hospital; psychological factors, or other clinical variables that could be ruled out as a trigger have not been considered. Meteorological variables may not mirror the temperature that the patient is exposed to due to the air conditioning systems. Exploring those environmental factors associated with HLSA in a more detailed manner could lead to early intervention and prevention strategies for such distressing admissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional acquisition process of environmental parameters is easily affected by environmental noise, which leads to prolonged data transmission time and low data integrity. To solve this problem, witht he STM32 processor adopted, the alarm circuit was used to avoid the problem of too large or too small data collection, and then the anti-interference design of the system was realized through the configuration of decoupling capacitor and the design of ground wire, so as to reduce the data transmission delay. Based on this, Kalman filtering algorithm could be used to restore the performance of real data, remove the environmental noise of communication link, and realize complete parameter acquisition. The experimental results show that the data transmission delay of the system in this paper can be kept below 15s and the effective integrity of the parameter data is always not less than 0.96 regardless of single hopor multi hop transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal changes in condition index and the biochemical components (proteins, lipids and glycogen) of the gonad/digestive gland, foot, labial palp, mantle, gills and adductor muscles of Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Gulf of Tunis were monitored seasonally, from November 2006 to October 2007, in relation to environmental conditions and reproductive events. The condition index increased during late gametogenesis and the ripe stage, coinciding with enrichment of the water by phytoplankton, and decreased during late summer and autumn (i.e. the spawning and rest periods). Glycogen increased during early gametogenesis and peaked during winter, pointing to its mobilisation in the formation of active ripe gametes. The foot, gonad/digestive gland, and adductor muscle were the three major glycogen-reserve tissues. Protein content was high during the end of summer in the whole individual and during autumn in the gonad/digestive gland. Lipid content started to increase as gametogenesis began, reached its peak at gonad ripeness and during the early spawning stage (summer) and sharply declined due to the shedding of gametes (autumn). A transformation of glycogen for de novo synthesis of lipids, in the gonad/ digestive gland, was suggested during the later stages of the gonadic cycle, in support of gametogenesis. Temporal fluctuations in environmental factors, particularly temperature and food supply, drive the cycle of storage and utilisation of metabolic energy reserves which in turn govern gametogenesis in Donax trunculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]