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Hollow fibre membrane (HFM) is favourable for carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its high packing density and high volume to area ratio. In this study, the effect of air gap and bore fluid ratio is explored to study its influence on the morphology and separation performance. With high dope extrusion rate (DER), the shear‐induced polymer orientation can be preserved with low air gap which come with the cost of deformed lumen. As such, the coagulant activity of the bore fluid can be reduced by introducing solvent, which in turn reduces rate of phase inversion to prevent sudden contraction of polymer at low air gap, thus allowing proper formation of lumen. With the presence of solvent, the flowability of the dope solution increased due to reduced viscosity as the bore fluid with high solvent content make contact the external coagulant. HFM spun with low air gap with the presence of solvent in the bore fluid shows increased stretched ratio due to the influence of gravitational pull upon being extruded from the spinneret. This in turn improved the polymer chain orientation due to the stretch across the spinning line. Subsequently, HFM spun with 80 wt.% of N‐methyl‐2‐pyrollidone (NMP) in the bore fluid using narrow gap spinneret with 5‐cm air gap shows the highest ideal CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity at 23.4 and 28 respectively, even though it also exhibit the lowest CO2 permeance at only 3.1 GPU which was ascribed to the formation of dense skin layer. Meanwhile, when HFM was spun with a bigger annulus gap, the ideal CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity slightly dropped, however the CO2 permeance exhibit increment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the influence of LED radiation intensity on the photodeposition of gold nanoparticles onto TiO2 substrates, examining their physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activities. Utilizing a range of radiation intensities and wavelengths, TiO2-Au composites were synthesized and characterized through techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The deposition process, markedly enhanced by shorter wavelengths and higher intensities, efficiently formed gold nanoparticles. This research distinctly highlights observable morphological changes in the nanoparticles; increased radiation intensity not only augmented the size but also altered their shape from spherical to hexagonal. These morphological transformations significantly improve the composites' light absorption and catalytic properties due to the surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanoparticles. Photocatalytic assessments, using metronidazole as a model pollutant, demonstrated that composites prepared with higher LED intensities showed significantly enhanced degradation capabilities compared to those synthesized with lower intensities. The findings underscore that manipulating photodeposition parameters can critically influence the structural and functional properties of TiO2-Au composites, potentially advancing their applications in environmental remediation and solar energy utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the critical need for efficient and sustainable methods to tackle organic pollutants and microbial contamination in water. The present work aim was to investigate the potential of multi-structured zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the combined photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and antimicrobial activity. A unique fusion of precipitation-cum-hydrothermal approaches was precisely employed to synthesize the ZnO NPs, resulting in remarkable outcomes. The synthesized CTAB/ZnO NPs demonstrated exceptional properties: they were multi-structured and crystalline with a size of 40 nm and possessed a narrow band gap energy of 2.82 eV, enhancing light absorption for photocatalysis. These nanoparticles achieved an impressive degradation efficiency of 91.75% for Reactive Blue-81 dye within 105 min under UV irradiation. Furthermore, their photocatalytic performance metrics were outstanding, including a quantum yield of 1.73 × 10–4 Φ, a kinetic reaction rate of 3.89 × 102 µmol g–1 h–1, a space–time yield of 8.64 × 10–6 molecules photon–1 mg–1, and a figure-of-merit of 1.03 × 10–9 mol L J–1 g–1 h–1. Notably, the energy consumption was low at 1.73 × 10–4 J mol–1, compared to other systems. Additionally, the ZnO NPs exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. This research underscores the potential of tailored ZnO NPs as a versatile solution for addressing both organic pollution and microbial contamination in water treatment processes. The low energy consumption further enhances its attractiveness as a sustainable solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic dyes, which are one of the main sources of surface and groundwater pollution, cause health problems as well as environmental hazards. For this reason, ZnO, which stands out among the promising semiconductor photocatalysts in wastewater treatment due to its advantages, was preferred. In particular, Gd–Ce co-doped ZnO nanostructured films, which have been studied for the first time in the literature, were produced by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technique and photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) dye was carried out. Ultraviolet–Visible Spectrophotometry (UV–Vis) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were used to obtain the transmittance and morphology of thin films. According to the FESEM analysis results, morphological changes in the type of nanostructure were observed after the doping. While the photocatalytic degradation percentage of the ZnO film with Gd doping was 65.84 %, when both Gd and Ce were doped, the degradation percentage increased significantly, reaching 91.58 %. Photocatalytic studies revealed that Gd–Ce co-doped ZnO films exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency compared to only Gd doped ZnO films. Therefore, when all the results are evaluated, it is concluded that ZnO:Gd:Ce photocatalysts may have a significant potential application in environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes the intricate structural features and characterisation of graphene oxide (GO), as well as its many derivatives and wide-ranging uses. GO exhibits adaptability across a range of applications, including environmental remediation and biological purposes. The use of this material extends to both the fabrication of freestanding membranes and their incorporation into other composite systems. Gaining an in-depth understanding of the structure and features of GO is vital for effectively using its promise in many fields. Scientists constantly discover new uses and improve the techniques of creating it to boost its capabilities. GO, in environmental environments, facilitates and removing of pollutants as well as water purification. The biocompatibility and drug delivery characteristics of this substance are advantageous in the fields of medicine and biology. Furthermore, membranes based on graphene oxide are useful in filtering technologies. Systems that combine graphene oxide have improved mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics, which hold great potential for breakthroughs in the field of materials research. Overall, the complex and versatile character of GO highlights its significance in several disciplines and emphasises its reputation as a material with great promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro‐/nanomotors (MNMs) in water remediation have garnered significant attention over the past two decades. More recently, metal‐organic framework‐based micro‐/nanomotors (MOF‐MNMs) have been applied for environmental remediation; however, a comprehensive summary of research in this research area is yet to be reported. Herein, a review is presented to cover the recent advances in MOF‐MNMs and their various applications in wastewater remediation. The review presents a comprehensive introduction to MNMs, including different propulsion approaches, fabrication, and functionalization strategies, in addition to the unique features of MOF‐MNMs. The conception and various synthetic routes of MOF‐MNMs are extensively covered and the implementation of MOF‐MNMs in water‐related applications, including adsorption, degradation, sensing, and disinfection of different pollutants, is in depth discussed. Meanwhile, the propulsion and mechanism of action behind each MOF‐MNM are systematically studied. Finally, the review provides insights into the challenges and perspectives to build more effective MOF‐MNMs to cover versatile applications for wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The push for sustainability in nanomaterials has catalyzed significant advancements in the green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from renewable resources. This review uniquely explores recent innovations, including the integration of hybrid techniques, such as micro-wave-assisted and ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal methods, as well as photocatalytic synthesis. These combined approaches represent a breakthrough, offering rapid production, precise control over CD properties, and enhanced environmental sustainability. In addition, the review emphasizes the growing use of green solvents and bio-based reducing agents, which further reduce the environmental footprint of CD production. This work also addresses key challenges, such as consistently controlling CD properties—size, shape, and surface characteristics—across different synthesis processes. Advanced characterization techniques and process optimizations are highlighted as essential strategies to overcome these hurdles. Furthermore, this review pioneers the integration of circular economy principles into CD production, proposing novel strategies for sustainable material use and waste reduction. By exploring innovative precursor materials, refining doping and surface engineering techniques, and advocating for comprehensive life cycle assessments, this work sets a new direction for future research. The insights provided here represent a significant contribution to the field, paving the way for more sustainable, efficient, and scalable CD production with diverse applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are a diverse class of biopolymers synthesized by microorganisms under environmental stress conditions, such as pH, temperature, light intensity, and salinity. They offer biodegradable and environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic polymers. Their structural versatility and functional properties make them unique in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, cosmetics, textiles, petroleum, and environmental remediation. In this way, among the well-known EPSs, homopolysaccharides like dextran, bacterial cellulose, curdlan, and levan, as well as heteropolysaccharides like xanthan gum, alginate, gellan, and kefiran, have found widespread applications in numerous fields. However, recent attention has focused on the potential role of extremophile bacteria in producing EPSs with novel and unusual protective and biological features under extreme conditions. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the functional properties and applications of the commonly employed EPSs. It emphasizes their importance in various industries and scientific endeavors while highlighting the raised interest in exploring EPSs with novel compositions, structures, and properties, including underexplored protective functionalities. Nevertheless, despite the potential benefits of EPSs, challenges persist. Hence, this review discusses these challenges, explores opportunities, and outlines future directions, focusing on their impact on developing innovative, sustainable, and functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Z-scheme heterojunction photo(electro)catalyst was fabricated by coupling sulfonic acid-modified graphitic carbon nitride (SA-g-CN) with bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI). The SA-g-CN component was prepared via wet-impregnation, while BiOI was synthesized through a hydrothermal method. Comprehensive characterization elucidated the structural and morphological properties of the resulting composite. The SA-g-CN/BiOI exhibited exceptional performance in both photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine (TTZ) and photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Notably, 98.26% TTZ removal was achieved within 60 min of irradiation, while an OER onset potential of 0.94 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a high photocurrent density of 6.04 mA were recorded under AM 1.5G illumination. Band energy calculations based on Mott–Schottky measurements confirmed the formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction, which facilitated efficient charge separation and transfer, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. These findings establish the SA-g-CN/BiOI composite as a promising candidate for sustainable energy generation and environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of soil, water, and wastewater by pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, is a global health problem. This work evaluated the use of a natural compound, curcumin (CUR), as a homogeneous photocatalyst, together with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a benign oxidant, to promote the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Furthermore, we carried out theoretical calculations using density functional theory (DFT) to assess the chemical reactivity of ciprofloxacin. In addition, the intermolecular interaction patterns of two crystalline polymorphs of the antibiotic drug were analyzed through Hirshfeld surfaces. Finally, calculations using the TD-DFT formalism were carried out to understand the effects on the CIP molecule caused by the simultaneous presence of the CUR molecule and ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis). A photooxidative effect was observed in the presence of the CUR photocatalyst (CIP + CUR (1:0.5)), resulting in a degradation of CIP of up to 24.4%. However, increasing the concentration of the CUR photocatalyst (ciprofloxacin + curcumin (1:1)) decreased the photodegradation of CIP, which may be caused by competition between the CIP molecule and CUR for ROS generated in situ. Additionally, the calculation results showed that the electronic excitations caused by the associated CIP + CUR structures affect the CIP molecule, resulting in the effects observed experimentally. The results show that CUR, when applied as a photosensitizing catalyst, presents synergistic potential with H2O2 in the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin. This photocatalytic process can be applied to the environmental remediation of pharmaceutical micropollutants, a subject of ongoing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of novel hosts with the ability to assimilate formic acid, a C1 substrate that can be produced from renewable electrons and CO2, is of great relevance for developing novel and sustainable biomanufacturing platforms. Formatotrophs can use formic acid or formate as a carbon and/or reducing power source. Formatotrophy has typically been studied in neutrophilic microorganisms because formic acid toxicity increases in acidic environments below the pKa of 3.75 (25°C). Because of this toxicity challenge, utilization of formic acid as either a carbon or energy source has been largely unexplored in thermoacidophiles, species that possess the ability to produce a variety of metabolites and enzymes of high biotechnological relevance. Here we investigate the capacity of several thermoacidophilic archaea species from the Sulfolobales order to tolerate and metabolize formic acid. Metallosphaera prunae, Sulfolobus metallicus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarium were found to metabolize and grow with 1–2 mM of formic acid in batch cultivations. Formic acid was co‐utilized by this species alongside physiological electron donors, including ferrous iron. To enhance formic acid utilization while maintaining aqueous concentrations below the toxicity threshold, we developed a bioreactor culturing method based on a sequential formic acid feeding strategy. By dosing small amounts of formic acid sequentially and feeding H2 as co‐substrate, M. prunae could utilize a total of 16.3 mM of formic acid and grow to higher cell densities than when H2 was supplied as a sole electron donor. These results demonstrate the viability of culturing thermoacidophilic species with formic acid as an auxiliary substrate in bioreactors to obtain higher cell densities than those yielded by conventional autotrophic conditions. Our work underscores the significance of formic acid metabolism in extreme habitats and holds promise for biotechnological applications in the realm of sustainable energy production and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we successfully modified wood sponge (WS) with Fe3O4 (MWS) to enhance its ability to adsorb five different oils, eight organic solvents, metal ions, and degrade methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. MWS, possessing over 96% porosity, exhibited remarkable sorption capacities of 26.79 g g− 1 for CCl4 and 21.00 g g− 1 for pump oil. Notably, MWS maintained high sorption capacity even after repeated use. Furthermore, MWS effectively removed toxic metal ions including As3+, Cr6+, and Pb2+ from real industrial wastewater, at pH 4 and 50 °C to levels suitable for drinking water. Also, MWS demonstrated excellent photocatalytic properties for degrading methylene blue dye. The photodegradation process involved the generation of superoxide anion radicals and the participation of hydroxyl radicals. The magnetic properties of MWS allow for easy remote retrieval using a magnet, making it a cost-effective and reusable solution for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalysts is crucial for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Perylene diimide, an organic supramolecular material, holds great potential for applications in mineralized phenol. In this study, through the integration of different mass ratios of unmodified perylenimide (PDI-NH) into the self-assembly of amino acid-substituted perylenimide (PDI-COOH), a novel supramolecular organic heterojunction (PDICOOH/PDINH) was fabricated. The ensuing investigation focuses on its visible-light mineralized phenol properties. The results show that the optimal performance is observed with a composite mass fraction of 10%, leading to complete mineralization of 5 mg/L phenol within 5 h. The reaction exhibits one-stage kinetics with rate constants 13.80 and 1.30 times higher than those of PDI-NH and PDI-COOH, respectively. SEM and TEM reveal a heterogeneous interface between PDI-NH and PDI-COOH. Photoelectrochemical and Kelvin probe characterization confirm the generation of a built-in electric field at the interface, which is 1.73 times stronger than that of PDI-COOH. The introduction of PDI-NH promotes π-π stacking of PDI-COOH, while the built-in electric field facilitates efficient charge transfer at the interface, thereby enhancing phenol decomposition. The finding demonstrates that supramolecular heterojunctions have great potential as highly effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimony (Sb) migration in soil and water systems is predominantly governed by its adsorption onto ferrihydrite (FH), a process strongly influenced by natural organic matter. This study investigates the adsorption behavior, stability, and mechanism of FH and FH–humic acid (FH-HA) complexes on Sb(V), along with the fate of adsorbed Sb(V) during FH aging. Batch adsorption experiments reveal that initial pH and concentration significantly influence Sb(V) sorption. Lower pH levels decrease adsorption, while higher concentrations enhance it. Sb(V) adsorption increases with prolonged contact time, with FH exhibiting a higher adsorption capacity than FH-HA complexes. Incorporating HA onto FH surfaces reduces reactive adsorption sites, decreasing Sb(V) adsorption. Adsorbed FH-HA complexes exhibit a higher specific surface area than co-precipitated FH-HA, demonstrating stronger Sb(V) adsorption capacity under various conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms that Sb(V) adsorption primarily occurs through ligand exchange, forming Fe-O-Sb complexes. HA inhibits the migration of Sb(V), thereby enhancing its retention within the FH and FH-HA complexes. During FH transformation, a portion of Sb(V) may replace Fe(III) within converted iron minerals. However, the combination of relatively high adsorption capacity and significantly lower desorption rates makes adsorbed FH-HA complexes promising candidates for sustained Sb adsorption over extended periods. These findings enhance our understanding of Sb(V) behavior and offer insights for effective remediation strategies in complex environmental systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mercury, a highly toxic metal and pollutant, poses a significant risk to human health and the environment. This study describes the synthesis of a new nitrogen-doped heteroaromatic hyper-crosslinked polyamine (HCPA) via the polycondensation of 2,6-diaminopyrazine and tris(4-formylphenyl)amine for the efficient removal of mercury ions from aqueous solutions. The HCPA polymer was characterized by solid-state 13C-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. A powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the polymer was semicrystalline in nature and stable up to 500 °C. Adsorption isotherms indicated that mercury adsorption occurred via mono- and multilayer adsorption by HCPA, as depicted by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of qm = 333.3 mg/g. Adsorption kinetic models suggested that the adsorption process was fast and effective, reaching equilibrium within 20 min. Thermodynamics of the adsorption process revealed that it was endothermic and spontaneous in nature due to the positive ΔH0 of 48 kJ/mol and negative ΔG0 values of −4.5 kJ/mol at 293 K. Wastewater treatment revealed 98% removal of mercury indicating the selective nature of HCPA. Finally, HCPA exhibited excellent performance and regeneration up to three cycles, demonstrating its great potential as an adsorbent for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For nearly a century, the excessive discharge of organic contaminants has gradually polluted water and endangered people's health, and photocatalysis has been prominently employed to remove persistent recalcitrant organic. Here, MIL‐101(Cr) was firstly employed to introduce thin‐layered Bi2O2CO3 for the formation of Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) nanosheet composite, by a simple and low‐temperature in‐situ growth approach. The phase, morphology, optical, and surface characteristics of the fabricated composite were characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM‐EDS, N2 adsorption–desorption, UV–Vis DRS, PL, TG, and XPS techniques, and the ability in the photocatalytic breakdown of rhodamine B (RhB) molecule under visible light was also studied. The results of characterization analysis and optical analysis exhibited that Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) has large pore size, good visible light response‐ability, and the heterojunction created by intercalating Bi2O2CO3 on MIL‐101(Cr). Photocatalytic studies revealed that Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) had superior RhB degradation activity than pure MIL‐101(Cr) and Bi2O2CO3, which achieved 97.1% with visible light irradiation for 20 mg/l RhB. Meanwhile, the Bi2O2CO3/MIL‐101(Cr) composite displayed good recyclability after three cycles as revealed by XRD and FTIR analysis proving their excellent stability. This study provides feasible insight into developing novel and efficient MIL‐101‐based heterojunction catalysts for environmental remediation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies about emissions reduction and treatment, and renewable energy generation are sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Therein, photocatalysts have emerged as highly attractive multifunctional materials due to their versatile applications in environmental remediation and energy production. In this study, a bifunctional photocatalyst, TiO2/g-C3N4, was synthesized for the purpose of NOx removal and water splitting. Various weight ratios of commercially available TiO2 were combined with g-C3N4 synthesized through a pyrolysis method. The findings demonstrate that the 10%-TiO2/g-C3N4 composite exhibited a notably high NO removal rate of 48.34% and minimal NO2 yield compared to pure g-C3N4. The incorporation of TiO2 onto g-C3N4 induced bandgap restructuring, resulting in a significant enhancement in photocurrent density, with a maximum increase of 25 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V. Moreover, the combination of g-C3N4 with 10% TiO2 exhibited promising electrocatalytic potential for the oxygen evolution reaction, as indicated by an overpotential of 0.44 V. Overall, the utilization of bifunctional photocatalysis with TiO2/g-C3N4 holds great promise as an effective approach for both NOx removal and water splitting applications. This combination offers potential solutions for addressing environmental challenges and advancing renewable energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The re-evaluation of animals, plants, and microorganisms for green synthesis has revolutionized the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Green synthesis provides more biocompatibility compared to chemically synthesized MNPs, which make them ideal for diverse biological applications, especially in biomedicine. Various organisms have been extensively studied for green synthesis. Interestingly, angiosperms, algae, and animal-derived biomaterials like chitin and silk have shown a prominent role in synthesizing these nanoparticles. Moreover, bacteria, viruses, and fungi serve as sources of reducing agents, further expanding green synthesis possibilities. Despite progress, research on natural reducing agents remains relatively limited, with only a few exceptions such as tea and neem plants receiving attention. Green-synthesized nanoparticles have diverse applications in various fields. In biomedicine, they enable drug delivery, targeted therapies, and bio-imaging due to their enhanced biocompatibility. Some MNPs also exhibit potent antimicrobial properties, aiding in disease control and eco-friendly disinfection. Furthermore, green nanoparticles contribute to environmental remediation by purifying water and serve as sensitive biosensors for diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review will provide the recent progress and advancements in the field of green synthesis (GS) of nanoparticles. It will also analyze the key characteristics and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of GS compared to chemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained considerable attention for their diverse applications across various fields, including medicine, electronics, and environmental remediation, agriculture and manufacturing. The relationship between metal nanoparticles and the microorganisms, highlighting the diverse mechanisms through which nanotoxicity manifests and influences microbial communities. Metal nanoparticles, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, can interact with the microbiome directly or indirectly, disrupting microbial homeostasis and functionality. The interactions are complex, involving mechanisms such as membrane disorganization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and oxidative Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Comprehending the different types of metal nanoparticles, their antimicrobial properties, and the mechanisms that underlie their nanotoxicity towards microorganisms is imperative for the secure advancement and implementation of nanotechnology, paving the way for innovative strategies to mitigate adverse effects and promote sustainable nanomaterial applications. Nanotechnology has witnessed remarkable advancements in various fields, yet concerns regarding its potential adverse effects on biological systems, particularly the microbiome, have emerged as a significant area of investigation. This abstract highlight the importance of interdisciplinary approaches encompassing nanoscience, microbiology, and toxicology to unravel the intricate dynamics of metal nanoparticle-microbes' interactions and facilitate the design of safer nanoproducts for diverse applications. Overall, this study emphasizes the need for more investigation to clarify the complex dynamics of metal nanoparticles in microbial environments and their long-term effects on sustainability and environmental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing low ultrasonic vibration energy to initiate piezocatalytic-based reactions is increasingly becoming a significant focus due to the current environmental energy crisis. In this study, we report on the potential of heterovalent ion substitution in improving piezocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye (RhB) under the application of low-power ultrasonic vibration. For this purpose, bismuth ions Bi3+ are substituted into the lead-free ferroelectric BaTi 0 · 89 Sn 0 · 11 O 3 (BTSn 11 -xBi, x = 0, 0.02, 0.04) submicrocubes synthesized using sol-gel method. The structural, morphological, optical and piezocatalytic properties of the prepared materials appear to be significantly influenced by the substituting content. Compared to pure BTSn 11 and BTSn 11 -0.04Bi, BTSn 11 -0.02Bi exhibits the lowest band gap energy value of 3.22 eV, the smallest particle size value of 283 nm, the strongest piezoelectric current of about 8 μA/cm2, and the lowest required applied field for piezoresponse force microscopy hysteresis loops. The degradation efficiency and the kinetic rate constant are substantially higher for BTSn 11 -0.02Bi, indicating its enhanced piezocatalytic efficiency. Total organic carbon (TOC) measurements revealed good RhB mineralization using BTSn 11 -xBi piezocatalysts. Furthermore, the BTSn 11 -0.02Bi sample demonstrates good reusability and stability by maintaining effective RhB dye degradation for five consecutive cycling tests. These findings suggest that the BTSn 11 -0.02Bi piezocatalytic system holds significant potential for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are poisonous, environmentally harmful, volatile organic pollutants deposited worldwide due to atmospheric cycling. POPs are increasingly gaining attention on a global scale because of their persistence. Humans experience endocrine and reproductive issues and cancer as a result of it. The ecological consequences of POPs highlight the interdependence of the ecosystem and the need for global pollution control to protect biodiversity and the ecosystem's health. While several effective management strategies exist, the most practical and environmentally friendly method is to remove POPs using various phytoremediation techniques and numerous soil-based bacterial-aided methods. This review analyzed the kinetic analysis and organic mechanism in each phytoremediation technique. A literature survey was also conducted to determine the advancements in this area for efficiently removing POPs. This review includes a graphical abstract comparing the Scopus publications on this topic and a summary of the existing information on several phytoremediation approaches for reducing the impact of POPs in the soil. It focuses on current research and prospects to enhance phytoremediation's effectiveness in POP dissipation. Continued research and collaboration are essential to significantly advance POP removal and environmental remediation and improve global efforts to address environmental contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several mining-related pollutions, industrial waste, and soil deterioration define South Africa's environmental landscape. These have led to the consumption of unhealthy food, contaminated agricultural products, and polluted water. The polluted environment has been linked to numerous diseases among the populace, thus making environmental remediation an important issue in South Africa. Phytoremediation has been identified as a biological method for the restoration of polluted environments naturally and holistically. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the level of phytoremediation-related research in South Africa in pursuit of a way out of environmental pollution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to map phytoremediation-related research in South Africa from inception to 2022. Statistical records from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed with the bibliometric package in RStudio, while mapping was performed via VOSviewer. Our study showed a low annual growth rate of publication (4.49%). The analysis uncovered that the 39 documents analyzed were written by 112 authors, and the first document was featured in the Journal of Geochemical Exploration in 1997. Kirkham, MB and Liphadzi, MS are the most relevant authors. USA has the strongest collaboration with South Africa, while the International Journal of Phytoremediation, the South African Journal of Botany, and Water SA are the most relevant journals. The result of this study can guide upcoming researchers and policymakers, together with essential facts for enhancing the restoration of the polluted environment in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies about emissions reduction and treatment, and renewable energy generation are sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Therein, photocatalysts have emerged as highly attractive multifunctional materials due to their versatile applications in environmental remediation and energy production. In this study, a bifunctional photocatalyst, TiO2/g-C3N4, was synthesized for the purpose of NOx removal and water splitting. Various weight ratios of commercially available TiO2 were combined with g-C3N4 synthesized through a pyrolysis method. The findings demonstrate that the 10%-TiO2/g-C3N4 composite exhibited a notably high NO removal rate of 48.34% and minimal NO2 yield compared to pure g-C3N4. The incorporation of TiO2 onto g-C3N4 induced bandgap restructuring, resulting in a significant enhancement in photocurrent density, with a maximum increase of 25 μA cm−2 at 1.23 V. Moreover, the combination of g-C3N4 with 10% TiO2 exhibited promising electrocatalytic potential for the oxygen evolution reaction, as indicated by an overpotential of 0.44 V. Overall, the utilization of bifunctional photocatalysis with TiO2/g-C3N4 holds great promise as an effective approach for both NOx removal and water splitting applications. This combination offers potential solutions for addressing environmental challenges and advancing renewable energy technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolytic Manganese Residue (EMR) is a secondary material generated during the process of manganese production, poses significant environmental challenges, including land consumption and contamination threats to soil and water bodies due to its heavy metal content, soluble manganese, ammonia nitrogen, and disposal issues. This review thoroughly examines EMR, emphasizing its metallurgical principles, environmental impacts, and sustainable treatment methods. We critically analyze various approaches for EMR management, including resource recovery, utilization of construction materials, and advanced treatment techniques to mitigate its environmental challenges. Through an extensive review of recent EMR-related literature and case studies, we highlight innovative strategies for EMR valorization, such as the extraction of valuable metals, conversion into supplementary cementitious materials, and its application in environmental remediation. Our findings suggest that integrating metallurgical principles with environmental engineering practices can unlock EMR's potential as a resource, contributing to the circular economy and reducing the environmental hazards associated with its disposal. This study aims to deepen the understanding of EMR's comprehensive utilization, offering insights into future research directions and practical applications for achieving sustainable management of electrolytic manganese waste. Finally, we propose some recommendations to address the issue of EMR, intending to offer guidance for the proper disposal and effective exploitation of EMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the long tradition of mining activities in Kosovo, there is still the a lack of policies for post-mining. Specifically, focusing on coal mining, this research analyzes the sustainable transition and post-mining management in the Ruhr Region, exploring the potential for knowledge transfer to enhance mining practices in Kosovo. The research aims to identify transferable strategies for sustainable mining transitions by examining environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Through comparative analysis, the study assesses the applicability of Ruhr's experiences in fostering environmentally responsible mining practices in Kosovo and beyond. Similarities and possible challenges are discussed based on the environmental and socio-economic points of view. The findings contribute insights into effective post-mining strategies, facilitating knowledge transfer to regions undergoing similar transitions and thereby fostering sustainable mining practices globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tannery effluent is a significant contributor to contaminants such as heavy metals within the ecosystem. Effluents generally contain heavy metals, and they also contain more bacteria that can thrive in such an environment. Bioremediation has ancestrally been performed using bacteria; in recent decades, the implementation of "immobilized" bacteria has acquired recognition as an intriguing technique due to manifold assistance. This review systematizes a humongous amount of extant literature on multifarious toxicants that can be tackled with immobilized bacteria. We further explore assorted deterministic facets using immobilized bacteria for environmental remediation with an emphasis on encapsulation in biomaterials and their role in detoxifying toxic compounds. We explore multiple techniques for immobilizing bacteria in numerous complementary arrays incorporating multiple species of bacteria, factors that influence the remediation process, such as bioreactor layouts used in pilot, lab-scale applications. Exploits and drawbacks of using immobilized bacteria in fermenters to treat tannery effluent are also described. The imperishable future aspects, recovery of significant commodities, in addition to bioremediation, represent an important incentive of the immobilized treatment process that makes more cost-effective, legitimate treatment enforcement that is also congruent with the precepts of the bioeconomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) offers an alternative to chemical procedures, which can be harmful to human health due to exposure to hazardous substances and harsh synthesis conditions. The following work synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using a green synthesis method. As a precursor, food-grade TiO2 was used with blueberry extract. This approach makes the process safer, cheaper, and simpler, requiring minimal effort to achieve effective TiO2 NP synthesis. The TiO2 NP characterization was performed by solid-state techniques, such as Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). According to the XRD diffractograms, TiO2 NPs were obtained in the anatase phase with incidence peaks of 25.28 (101). TEM confirmed their pseudo-spherical shape with an average size of 170 nm. The 3.2 eV bandgap of TiO2 NPs enables UV absorption, making them ideal for efficient photocatalytic degradation under sunlight. On the other hand, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NPs was examined using malachite green (MG) dye as a pollutant model under direct sunlight. After 30 min, a degradation of 94% was achieved. The kinetic analysis identified parabolic diffusion and modified-Freundlich kinetics as primary mechanisms, emphasizing diffusion and adsorption in electron transfer. The main reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the photodegradation of MG dye were h+ and OH•. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely recognised for efficiently removing many pollutants from wastewater, making them vital for environmental bioremediation. The substrates used in constructed wetlands are crucial in determining their overall performance, notably their ability to improve nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. This study aims to investigate the possibility of removing pollutants from wastewater using a pilot scale vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) planted with Phragmites australis applied to various substrates, such as gravel and sand in an arid climate in Southeast Algeria. The study involved using four basins, filled with sand and gravel. Two were planted with Phragmites australis and the others were left as a control without vegetation. The efficiency of the filtration systems was evaluated based on various physicochemical and organic parameters. Results showed that the highest hydraulic retention time is in the 7 days. The removal efficiency values are 84.38% for biological oxygen demand (DBO5), 77.45% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 83.30% for total solid matter (TSS) in the planted gravel filter. The planted sand filter had even higher removal efficiency values, with 89.59%, 85.80%, and 86.63% for DBO5, COD, and TSS, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased in all filters due to the complete transformation of ammonium into nitrate. NO2 -, NH4 +, and PO4 3-removal efficiencies were also higher in the planted sand filter 74.45%, 95.43%, and 77.64%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbially induced corrosion (MIC) is an emerging topic that has huge environmental impacts, such as long-term evaluation of microbial interactions with radioactive waste glass, environmental cleanup and disposal of radioactive material, and weathering effects of microbes. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), a powerful mass spectral imaging technique with high surface sensitivity, mass resolution, and mass accuracy, can be used to study biofilm effects on different substrates. Understanding how to prepare biofilms on MIC susceptible substrates is critical for proper analysis via ToF-SIMS. We present here a step-by-step protocol for preparing bacterial biofilms for ToF-SIMS analysis, comparing three biofilm preparation techniques: no desalination, centrifugal spinning (CS), and water submersion (WS). Comparisons of two desalinating methods, CS and WS, show a decrease in the media peaks up to 99% using CS and 55% using WS, respectively. Proper desalination methods also can increase biological signals by over four times for fatty acids using WS, for example. ToF-SIMS spectral results show chemical compositional changes of the glass exposed in a Paenibacillus polymyxa SCE2 biofilm, indicating its capability to probe microbiologically induced corrosion of solid surfaces. This represents the proper desalination technique to use without significantly altering biofilm structure and substrate for ToF-SIMS analysis. ToF-SIMS spectral results showed chemical compositional changes of the glass exposed by a Paenibacillus bacterial biofilm over 3-month inoculation. Possible MIC products include various phosphate phase molecules not observed in any control samples with the highest percent increases when experimental samples were compared with biofilm control samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aim to build a simple alert system that may be of extended use, a screening for contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is carried out in the Mero‐Barcés hydrographic watershed, in Cecebre, A Coruña, NW Spain, which feeds the reservoir that supplies drinking water to ≈400 000 inhabitants in the area. Water samples are collected for five years (2015–2019) at six different sampling points, to assess the presence and potential risk of CECs, including some widely used drugs: clofibric acid, paracetamol carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ofloxacin, ketoprofen, and sotalol; an alkaloid: caffeine; synthetic flavourings: galaxolide and tonalide; and a plasticiser: bisphenol A. The most abundant CECs occurring are ibuprofen (>2µg L−1), diclofenac, caffeine, and galaxolide. Samples of treated drinking water show a certain degree of CECs abatement. The presence of nonpolar substances, banned in the EU nowadays, is confirmed. A snapshot of sediments is sampled in 2018–2019, and PAHs and PCBs are quantified, the former being mainly of pyrogenic origin. Based on known properties of quantifiable substances, a traffic‐light system is developed for risk assessment of the state of continental waters, a strategy that may be useful for decission‐makers to implement environmental remediation policies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, composite materials were prepared by combining polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PAN) with Oryza sativa (OS). These biocomposites were utilized for the adsorption of Nitenpyram (insecticide), from aqueous solutions. The study involved the optimization of various process variables including contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial Nitenpyram concentration. The maximum sorption efficiency of OS for Nitenpyram was observed at pH 2, biosorbent dose of 0.05 g, an initial Nitenpyram concentration of 125 mg/L and contact time of 30 min. To analyze the Nitenpyram adsorption process, the adsorption data for OS and its composites (OS-PPY and OS-PAN) were subjected to equilibrium isotherms and kinetics models (pseudo-first and pseudo-second-orders). The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order explained the Nitenpyram adsorption data. Furthermore, the feasibility of the adsorption was evaluated by employing thermodynamic studies. The outcomes of the study demonstrated the promising efficiency of the synthesized biocomposites for Nitenpyram removal, which was 37.03, 43.0 and 35.71 (mg/g) in the case of OS, OS-PPY and OS-PAN composites. These findings suggest that the composites have promising potential for the removal of pesticides from wastewater, contributing to the development of effective strategies for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis-self-Fenton system, integrating photocatalysis with Fenton technology, emerge as promising approaches for environmental remediation. In this study, we introduced K, Na doped g-C 3 N 4 /FeOCl (DCN/FeOCl) catalyst, where amino groups on the DCN surface interacted with unsaturated Fe on FeOCl, forming Fe–N bonds and a Z-scheme heterojunction. The resulting DCN/FeOCl demonstrated efficient H 2 O 2 production and rapid tetracycline (TC) degradation under visible light. The Z-scheme heterojunction and nitrogen vacancy enhanced electron-hole pair separation and O 2 adsorption. Additionally, we proposed a mechanism for dual-channel photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production. This work presents a novel strategy for in-situ H 2 O 2 production and activation, facilitating water decontamination. [Display omitted] • DCN/FeOCl was successfully synthesized using multi-step methods. • Effective TC degradation was achieved in photocatalysis-self-Fenton system. • Synergistic effects enhanced photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production. • Z-scheme heterojunction enabled dual-channel pathway for H 2 O 2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their many advantages. These reactions are of great significance for energy conversion and storage, as well as environmental remediation. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements in the electrochemical applications of CDs and their composites, with a focus on environmentally relevant electrocatalysis. We present some representative examples of CDs‐based electrocatalysts for different reactions and analyze the catalytic mechanisms and the factors that affect the electrocatalytic performance. Furthermore, we conclude with some challenging issues and future perspectives of this emerging material. This review aims to help readers better understand the application of CDs in the field of electrocatalysis, reveal the reasons that affect electrocatalytic performance, and guide further constructing more efficient, stable, and green electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation and migration of photoexcited holes are of crucial importance to the enhanced photocatalytic performance of composite. To arouse much more concern about them, the efficient and steady CaCO3/g-C3N4 composites with different mass percents of CaCO3 were innovatively designed by a green approach for environmental remediation in the present study. The crystalline structure, band structure, micromorphology and heterojunction structure of these prepared samples were synergistically characterized by employing different technologies. An obviously improved visible-light catalytic performance of CO2 reduction and RhB oxidation for the composite was possessed in comparison with bare g-C3N4. The perfect CaCO3 ratio among these composites was 20%. The heterojunction constructed in the system and negatively charged CaCO3 as a highly effective holes transfer promoter accelerate the holes migration from the valance band of g-C3N4 to that of CaCO3. Accordingly, these bring about efficient carriers separation and boosted photocatalytic performance of the composite. This work can not only offer valuable insights into the design of other novel composites with efficient holes transfer, but also provide a method to solve the undesirable photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 in the application domain of renewable energy and ecological governance. The enhanced performance of the composite is primarily attributed to the highly efficient charge separation in the CaCO3/g-C3N4 system, because the heterojunction constructed between them and negatively charged CaCO3 accelerate the fast transfer of photoinduced h+ from VB of g-C3N4 to that of CaCO3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental remediation evinces sensitive detection and elimination of contaminants from the environment. Recent investigations delineate nanomaterials as potentially useful agents in environment remediation. In this investigation, we have developed multifunctional CdO‐ZnO nanocomposite (NCs) for efficient degradation of organic dyes and sensitive detection of nitrite ions which also exhibits excellent luminescence and antioxidant properties. The CdO‐ZnO NCs were developed through a facile method which improved the yield quantity by decreasing the energy consumption there by reducing the cost. Thus synthesized CdO‐ZnO NCs were characterized through X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, EDX studies. These studies confirmed the successful formation of CdO‐ZnO composite and the average particle size of the NCs was found to be ~50 nm. Selective reduction of harmful industrial organic dyes from the water bodies is one of the important aspects of water pollution. As prepared CdO‐ZnO NCs degraded the MB dye completely in 30 min under visible light irradiation. The effect of various parameters such as catalytic load, dye concentration and pH on the degradation of dye was assessed and the NCs exhibited maximum degradation efficiency at 25 mg of catalytic load and alkaline pH of 11. The photoluminescence studies reveal that the NCs have inherent excellent luminescence property by exhibiting the emission band at 277 and 282 nm. From electrochemical studies, the CdO‐ZnO NCs proclaimed magnificent nitrite sensing property with the LOD value of 9.8 μM. Additionally, antioxidant studies disclosed that NCs remarkably scavenged the DPPH free radicals with IC50 value of 249 μg/mL. Thus, this study establishes simple method for the development of efficient mixed oxide material CdO‐ZnO for multifunctional properties that could find industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical nitrite sensor probe is introduced herein using a modified flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and SrTiO3 material doped with spherical-shaped gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) and polypyrrole carbon (PPyC) at a pH of 7.0 in a phosphate buffer solution. The nanocomposites (NCs) containing Au-NPs, PPyC, and SrTiO3 were synthesized by ultrasonication, and their properties were thoroughly characterized through structural, elemental, optical, and morphological analyses with various conventional spectroscopic methods, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The peak currents due to nitrite oxidation were characterized in detail and analyzed using conventional cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) under ambient conditions. The sensor response increased significantly from 0.15 to 1.5 mM of nitrite ions, and the sensor was fabricated by coating a conducting agent (PEDOT:PSS) on the GCE to obtain the Au-NPs/PPyC/SrTiO3 NCs/PEDOT:PSS/GCE probe. The sensor's sensitivity was determined as 0.5 ^A/^iM-cm2 from the ratio of the slope of the linear detection range by considering the active surface area (0.0316 cm2) of the flat GCE. In addition, the limit of detection was determined as 20.00 ± 1.00 ^M, which was found to be satisfactory. The sensor's stability, pH optimization, and reliability were also evaluated in these analyses. Overall, the sensor results were found to be satisfactory. Real environmental samples were then analyzed to evaluate the sensor's reliability through DPV, and the results showed that the proposed novel electrochemical sensor holds great promise for mitigating water contamination in the real samples with the lab-made Au-NPs/PPyC/SrTiO3 NC. Thus, this study provides valuable insights for improving sensors for broad environmental monitoring applications using the electrochemical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicomponent hybrid nanostructures exhibit multifunctional properties and synergistic performance which make them attractive materials for environmental applications. We have fabricated magnetic Au@CoFe2O4-ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures using simple wet chemical route combined with photodeposition and studied their photocatalytic performance towards decomposition of synthetic dyes. XRD, FESEM and Raman were used to examine the structure and morphology of the prepared nanostructures and UV–visible spectroscopy was used for photocatalytic measurements. The solar-responsive photocatalytic decomposition of synthetic dyes MB and MO was examined and results displayed the outstanding performance of Au loaded CoFe2O4-ZnO nanostructures over CoFe2O4-ZnO photocatalysts. The prepared Au@CoFe2O4-ZnO hybrid nanostructures with higher Au loading, the sample CU3, effectively decolorized MB dye in only 20 min of sunlight exposure, achieving an apparent rate constant of 0.062 min−1. For MO dye, the sample CU3 achieved 96.6% degradation in 60 min with an apparent rate constant of 0.022 min−1. Mechanistic studies related to radicals responsible for the photodecomposition were discussed and results revealed that ⋅OH radicals and hot holes play major roles in photodecomposition of pollutants. Overall, Au decorated CoFe2O4-ZnO nanostructures prepared using facile photodecomposition route with excellent recyclability and effortless magnetic recovery represent a promising photocatalyst material and is highly suitable photocatalyst for environmental remediation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Challenges and future directions for 3D-printed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) monoliths in environmental applications are discussed. Various strategies for fabrication of 3D-printed MOF monoliths are summarized. Advancements in 3D printing enable customizable and high-performance MOF monoliths. 3D orienting of MOFs opens avenues for applications in water treatment and gas adsorption. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively considered as one of the most promising types of porous and crystalline organic–inorganic materials, thanks to their large specific surface area, high porosity, tailorable structures and compositions, diverse functionalities, and well-controlled pore/size distribution. However, most developed MOFs are in powder forms, which still have some technical challenges, including abrasion, dustiness, low packing densities, clogging, mass/heat transfer limitation, environmental pollution, and mechanical instability during the packing process, that restrict their applicability in industrial applications. Therefore, in recent years, attention has focused on techniques to convert MOF powders into macroscopic materials like beads, membranes, monoliths, gel/sponges, and nanofibers to overcome these challenges.Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has achieved much interest because it can produce many high-resolution macroscopic frameworks with complex shapes and geometries from digital models. Therefore, this review summarizes the combination of different 3D printing strategies with MOFs and MOF-based materials for fabricating 3D-printed MOF monoliths and their environmental applications, emphasizing water treatment and gas adsorption/separation applications. Herein, the various strategies for the fabrication of 3D-printed MOF monoliths, such as direct ink writing, seed-assisted in-situ growth, coordination replication from solid precursors, matrix incorporation, selective laser sintering, and digital light processing, are described with the relevant examples. Finally, future directions and challenges of 3D-printed MOF monoliths are also presented to better plan future trajectories in the shaping of MOF materials with improved control over the structure, composition, and textural properties of 3D-printed MOF monoliths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electro-Fenton (EF) technology has shown great potential in environmental remediation. However, developing efficient heterogeneous EF catalysts and understanding the relevant reaction mechanisms for pollutant degradation remain challenging. We propose a new system that combines aluminum–air battery electrocoagulation (EC) with EF. The system utilizes dual electron reduction of O2 to generate H2O2 in situ on the air cathodes of aluminum–air batteries and the formation of primary cells to produce electricity. Tetracycline (TC) is degraded by ·OH produced by the Fenton reaction. Under optimal conditions, the system exhibits excellent TC degradation efficiency and higher H2O2 production. The TC removal rate by the reaction system using a graphite cathode reached nearly 100% within 4 h, whereas the H2O2 yield reached 127.07 mg/L within 24 h. The experimental results show that the novel EF and EC composite system of aluminum–air batteries, through the electroflocculation mechanism and ·OH and EF reactions, with EC as the main factor, generates multiple •OH radicals that interact to efficiently remove TC. This work provides novel and important insights into EF technology, as well as new strategies for TC removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique catalytic properties and wide range of applications. Advanced characterization techniques, such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy, have been used to investigate the elemental compositions, structural morphologies, and chemical bonding states of SACs in detail, aiming at unraveling the catalytic mechanism. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations, such as quantum chemical calculations and kinetic simulations, were used to predict the catalytic reaction pathways, active sites, and reaction kinetic behaviors of SACs, providing theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of SACs. This review overviews advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations for SACs in Fenton-like chemistry. Moreover, this work highlights the importance of advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations in the study of SACs and provides perspectives on the potential applications of SACs in the field of environmental remediation and the challenges of practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-increasing presence of micropollutants necessitates the development of environmentally friendly bioremediation strategies. Inspired by the remarkable versatility and potent catalytic activities of microbial enzymes, researchers are exploring their application as biocatalysts for innovative environmental cleanup solutions. Microbial enzymes offer remarkable substrate specificity, biodegradability, and the capacity to degrade a wide array of pollutants, positioning them as powerful tools for bioremediation. However, practical applications are often hindered by limitations in enzyme stability and reusability. Enzyme immobilization techniques have emerged as transformative strategies, enhancing enzyme stability and reusability by anchoring them onto inert or activated supports. These improvements lead to more efficient pollutant degradation and cost-effective bioremediation processes. This review delves into the diverse immobilization methods, showcasing their success in degrading various environmental pollutants, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, microplastics, and industrial chemicals. By highlighting the transformative potential of microbial immobilized enzyme biocatalysts, this review underscores their significance in achieving a cleaner and more sustainable future through the mitigation of micropollutant contamination. Additionally, future research directions in areas such as enzyme engineering and machine learning hold immense promise for further broadening the capabilities and optimizing the applications of immobilized enzymes in environmental cleanup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive black 5 (RBk5) is a refractory azo dye that constitutes a serious threat to the environment and humans. Herein, natural bornite (Nbo) was utilized to activate persulfate (PDS) for the RBk5 removal. The particle size of the Nbo catalyst was optimized and the RBk5 degradation rate constant that responded positively to the particle size of the Nbo catalyst was exhibited. Then, the operational factors affecting RBk5 removal were comprehensively investigated. With the addition of 1.5 g L−1 Nbo and 1.5 mM PDS, 99.05% of the RBk5 (20 mg L−1) was removed in 150 min compared with 0.46% removal with PDS only, which was caused by the additional reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the synergistic action of Fe-Cu bimetallic metal and reductive sulfur species. The Nbo catalyst presented high stability and reusability toward RBk5 removal. Identification of reactive oxygen species revealed that ${\rm SO}_4^{\cdot -}$ SO 4 ⋅ − , ·OH, ${\rm O}_2^{\cdot -}$ O 2 ⋅ − and 1O2 collectively participated in RBk5 removal. Additionally, a possible degradation pathway for RBk5 was proposed, including cleavage of the azo, C–S and S–O bonds, hydroxylation, hydrolyzation, direct oxidation and other pathways. This work developed a highly effective and low-cost natural mineral-based bimetallic sulfide material for PDS activation for the degradation of contaminants and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of carbon dioxide and nitrate ions into urea offers an attractive route for both nitrogen fertilizer production and environmental remediation. However, achieving this transformation under mild conditions remains challenging. Herein, we report an efficient photoelectrochemical method for urea synthesis by co‐reduction of carbon dioxide and nitrate ion over a Cu2O photocathode, delivering urea formation rate of 29.71±2.20 μmol g−1 h−1 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 12.90±1.15 % at low external potential (−0.017 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). Experimental data combined with theoretical calculations suggest that the adsorbed CO* and NO2* species are the key intermediates, and associated C−N coupling is the rate‐determining step. This work demonstrates that Cu2O is an efficient catalyst to drive co‐reduction of CO2 and NO3− to urea under light irradiation with low external potential, showing great opportunity of photoelectrocatalysis as a sustainable tool for value‐added chemical synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of potentially toxic element ions from contaminated water sources has garnered significant attention due to its critical role in environmental remediation and ensuring safe drinking water. Potentially toxic element ions can be removed from water using conventional adsorbents such as activated zeolites; however, these materials have low absorption and slow kinetics. To solve these issues, carbon-based adsorbents that exhibit easy synthesis, high porosity, designability, and stability have been proposed. In this study, a carbon-based adsorbent, named Magnetic Nitrogen-Doped Carbon (M-NC), and graphene oxide were developed for the selective removal of potentially toxic element ions. To increase the potential for HM immobilization, sulfide-modified biochar was created via a process called simultaneous carbon layer encapsulation. A theoretical physicochemical and thermodynamic investigation of the adsorption of potentially toxic elements s Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Ag2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ on carbon-based adsorbents was performed with statistical physics fundaments. The biochar with large surface areas is used to remove potentially toxic element ions, one of the most important potentially toxic element pollutants, from aqueous solutions. The capacity of the adsorbent for removing potentially toxic element ions was studied using Langmuir adsorption isotherm under ultrasound-assisted conditions. The MNCs can be applied to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. It is possible to use the Langmuir and second-order kinetic equations to accurately explain the adsorption method. Thermodynamic limitations were also envisioned because sorption is exothermic when it happens spontaneously. A homogeneous statistical physics adsorption model was used to describe and analyze the experimental potentially toxic element removal isotherms at 30 °C and pH5 utilizing adsorbents produced by pyrolysis of biomasses (broccoli stalks). The findings show the proposed adsorbent, with an efficiency of 98.7 % and even reaching 99.3 % in certain cases, making it a standout choice for potentially toxic element removal applications. This research holds significance in advancing the understanding of environmentally sustainable potentially toxic element removal processes, particularly in the context of biomass-derived adsorbents, offering potential solutions for water purification and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose silver oxide as a cost‐effective and sustainable alternative to noble metals for the catalytic reduction of nitroaromatics. In the present investigation, we adopt a facile and green synthetic route for the synthesis of silver oxide nanostructures. The prepared nanostructures were found to crystallize in the cuprite phase and exhibit absorbance across the entire visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The catalytic potential of the silver oxide was evaluated by following the kinetics of nitrophenol reduction under ambient conditions and is observed to follow pseudo‐first order kinetics with the apparent rate constant kapp=4.24×10-3 ${{k}_{app}=4.24\ \times {10}^{-3}}$ s−1 at minimum concentration of the catalyst. We attribute the observed catalytic activity to the freshly generated catalytic surface featuring a partially reduced form of silver oxide during reaction. The findings highlight the efficacy of silver oxide in mitigating the environmental pollution originating from the recalcitrant nitroarenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mismanagement of hazardous waste (HW) causes severe threats to ecosystems and human health. We conducted a systematic literature review and evaluated the evidence regarding the association between residential exposure to HW and childhood neurobehavioral effects. We consulted international agencies websites and conducted a search on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases by applying a “Population-Exposure-Comparator-Outcome” question. The evidence evaluation, based on the quality of the studies and their concordance, was graded in sufficient/limited/inadequate. Documents from international agencies were not found. Of the seventy-five studies screened, nine met the eligibility criteria. Studies agree on the association between residential exposure to HW sites and negative neurodevelopmental effects. The evidence of the association was attributed limited to cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and inadequate to Autism Spectrum Disorder. The evidence was evaluated sufficient for HW sites releasing lead and cognitive disorders. Residential exposure to unsafe HW sites may contribute to childhood neurobehavioral alterations. It is urgent to implement environmental remediation of contaminated sites and counteracting illegal and unsafe HW management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable strategy based on chitin from waste seafood is proposed to remove nano‐size microplastics in water. A chitin nanofibrous foam is constructed by a new hydrogen bond rearrangement scheme without any crosslinking, which delivers an impressive high adsorption capacity of 411.14 ± 1.50 mg g−1 for small‐sized (< 1 µm) microplastics. This excellent adsorption capacity stems from the rough fibrous surface structure of the highly porous foam, the positively charged nature of the partially deacetylated chitin and other molecular interactions introduced by the activation and increased exposure of ‐OH, ‐NH2 and ‐NHCO‐ groups. Molecular dynamics simulation further demonstrates that C‐H‐π, O‐H‐π, and C = O‐π interactions between the microplastics and chitin foam facilitates the efficient removal of microplastics. A high removal efficiency is maintained even in salty water, a property that exemplifies good adaptability to various water bodies. Finally, two proof‐of‐principle scenarios are presented for converting the recovered microplastics into value‐added products. Thus, the entire cycling strategy represents a powerful remedy for the urgent yet challenging ocean microplastic pollution problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inadequate management and treatment of wastewater pose significant threats, including environmental pollution, degradation of water quality, depletion of global water resources, and detrimental effects on human well-being. Biogranulation technology has gained increasing traction for treating both domestic and industrial wastewater, garnering interest from researchers and industrial stakeholders alike. However, the literature lacks comprehensive bibliometric analyses that examine and illuminate research hotspots and trends in this field. This study aims to elucidate the global research trajectory of scientific output in biogranulation technology from 1992 to 2022. Utilizing data from the Scopus database, we conducted an extensive analysis, employing VOSviewer and the R-studio package to visualize and map connections and collaborations among authors, countries, and keywords. Our analysis revealed a total of 1703 journal articles published in English. Notably, China emerged as the leading country, Jin Rencun as the foremost author, Bioresource Technology as the dominant journal, and Environmental Science as the prominent subject area, with the Harbin Institute of Technology leading in institutional contributions. The most prominent author keyword identified through VOSviewer analysis was "aerobic granular sludge," with "sequencing batch reactor" emerging as the dominant research term. Furthermore, our examination using R Studio highlighted "wastewater treatment" and "sewage" as notable research terms within the field. These findings underscore a diverse research landscape encompassing fundamental aspects of granule formation, reactor design, and practical applications. This study offers valuable insights into biogranulation potential for efficient wastewater treatment and environmental remediation, contributing to a sustainable and cleaner future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TetrabromobisphenolA is a well-known member of the brominated flame retardant group and is widely used as a highly effective fire-retardant additive in electronic and electrical equipment. TBBPA is commonly found in various environmental sources and can be harmful to human health. This study presents a simple approach to preparing a magnetic nanocomposite, offering a straightforward method that results in consistent quality and low resource consumption. The nanocomposite has a high surface-to-volume ratio for the removal of tetrabromobisphenolA. Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, EDX, FESEM, VSM, TEM, and BET analyses were used to characterize the Fe–S nanoparticles and Fe–S/CuS. The results showed that Fe–S/CuS nanocomposite successfully removed over 97% of the initial TBBPA (15 mg L−1) under optimized conditions determined by RSM, such as a contact time of 15 min, pH of 7, Fe–S/CuS nanocomposite dosage of 0.69 g L−1, and salt concentration of 0.10%. The RSM analysis provided a second-order polynomial model with a confidence level of 93% (F = 29.58; p < 0.0001) to predict the TBBPA removal efficiency at various concentrations. In the adsorption kinetic studies, the second-order kinetic model provided the best fit for the experimental data. Additionally, Fe–S/CuS nanocomposite shows great potential for practical applications and environmental remediation efforts, making it a valuable asset for real-sample use in environmental settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global number of trees is approximately 3 trillion, covering 31% of the land area. Trees are considered a cheap, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly feedstock for producing advanced structural and functional materials toward a widespread application in sustainable energy and environment. In this highlight, we reveal the structure and composition of wood, leaves, and tree extracts, and then highlight the strategies to control their hierarchical structures and properties. Moreover, we provide an up-to-date overview of their emerging applications in sustainable buildings, ionic nanofluidics, batteries, capacitors, solar cells, environmental remediation, biodegradable packaging, and nanomaterial synthesis. Finally, we outline the challenges and opportunities in valorizing trees for creating a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]