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The objective of this textbook is to introduce students and professionals to fundamental principles and techniques and emerging technologies in energy informatics and the digitalization of power markets and systems. The book covers such areas as smart grids and artificial intelligence (AI) and distributed ledger technology (DLT), with a focus on information and communication technologies (ICT) deployed to modernize the electric energy infrastructure. It also provides an overview of the smart grid and its main components: smart grid applications at transmission, distribution, and customer level, network requirements with communications technologies, and standards and protocols. In addition, the book addresses emerging technologies and trends in next-generation power systems, i.e., energy informatics, such as digital green shift, energy cyber-physical-social systems (E-CPSS), energy IoT, energy blockchain, and advanced optimization. Future aspects of digitalized power markets and systems will be discussed with real-world energy informatics projects. The book is designed to be a core text in upper-undergraduate and graduate courses such as Introduction to Smart Grids, Digitalization of Power Systems, and Advanced Power System Topics in Energy Informatics.

Welchen Beitrag kann die Solarthermie zur Energiewende leisten? Was kostet Solarwärme und und wo sind ihre Grenzen?Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Möglichkeiten regenerativer Wärmeversorgung führen die Autoren in die physikalischen Grundlagen der Solarstrahlung und der Strahlungswandlung ein. Dann erläutern sie die Funktionsweise der Solarkollektoren und der wichtigsten anlagentechnischen Komponenten anhand zahlreicher Abbildungen.Weitere Kapitel beleuchten die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und auch die Wirtschaftlichkeit solarthermischer Anlagen - von der Trinkwassererwärmung und Heizungsunterstützung bis hin zur Kühlung und zur Stromerzeugung.Das Buch vermittelt auch dem Laien einen guten Einstieg in diese wichtige und beim Umbau des Energiesystems unverzichtbare Technologie.

In diesem Band präsentieren junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler als Referenten der online durchgeführten Nachwuchswissenschaftlerkonferenz „Young Academics Conference“ aktuelle Beiträge zum Thema der energetischen Nutzung naturbelassener fester Biomasse im Anwendungsbereich zwischen Einzelraum- und kommunaler Versorgung. Die Arbeiten behandeln nicht nur wirtschaftliche, natur-, umwelt- und sozialwissenschaftliche Aspekte, sondern auch konstruktions- und betriebstechnische Betrachtungen.Die Konferenz ist Teil der seit einem Vierteljahrhundert regelmäßig durchgeführten Fachtagung „Nutzung nachwachsender Rohstoffe“, die abwechselnd von der Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz und der Technischen Universität Dresden sowie unter Mitwirkung der für Land- und Forstwirtschaft zuständigen Landesministerien Thüringens und Sachsens und der zugeordneten Landesämter, der TU Bergakademie Freiberg und dem Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie Potsdam durchgeführt wird. Die Konferenz stand 2020 unter der Leitung von Prof. Tobias Zschunke von der Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz.

This book provides an innovative, realistic and reliable solution to the common problem of Indian water and energy sector due to the onset of the Impact of Climate Change and Large-Scale Urbanization. Twelve Case Studies and One Review Paper that were included in this book depict the way soft computation techniques, simulation and decision-making framework can optimize the best solution from multiple solutions to the problems of water and energy management which corresponds to a novel symbiotic and synchronous nexus between water and the energy sector. All the studies included in this book are collected from all parts of India. The selected studies utilized the latest technologies like Multi-Criteria Decision Frame Work, Neural Networks and Nature-Based Optimization techniques to achieve diverse objectives from the prediction of climatic parameters to yield from ungauged watershed to performance optimization of Water Treatment Plant, Hydropower as well as futuristic alternative energy systems like Wave to Power Plants.

This book discusses sustainable waste management technologies for managing end-of-life (EoL) post-consumer and packaging plastic solid waste (PSW) from domestic and commercial waste streams. It does so particularly in the context of providing a way forward for developing economies.Treating recycling and composting of, and energy recovery from, plastics, the book is directed at individuals who are responsible for or have a significant role in solid waste management. Academics and students in solid waste management pursuing research or study in solid waste management with particular interest in plastics will find this book useful. Sustainable options for managing PSW are presented with reference to the scientific, engineering, and management standpoints to enable decision makers and relevant stakeholders in industry arrive at the best decision for achieving sustainable resource management. The book further integrates waste management and technologies so that PSW recycling can be viewed from environmental, economic, and social perspectives. Greener technologies for PSW management are addressed so as to provide drivers that will influence key stakeholders and policy-makers achieve sustainability in this field.

The proliferation of renewable energy enhances the sustainability of power systems, but the inherent variability also poses great challenges to the planning and operation of large power grids. The corresponding electric power deficiencies can be compensated by fast ramping generators and energy storage devices. However, frequent ramp up/down power adjustments can increase the operation and the maintenance cost of generators. Moreover, storage devices are regarded as costly alternatives. Demand response (DR) and transactive energy can address this problem owing to its attractive and versatile capability for balancing the supply-demand, improving energy efficiency, and enhancing system resilience. Distributed resources are the typical participants of DR and transactive energy programs, which greatly contribute to keep the supply and demand in a balance. Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) (i.e., air conditioners, water heaters, and refrigerators) represent an exampleof distributed resources, the ratio of which to the total power consumption in developed countries is up to 30%–40%. Providing tremendous potentials in adjustable power consumption, TCLs have attracted major interests in DR and transactive energy opportunities. It has highlighted the advantages of TCLs in responding to uncertainties in power systems. This book provides an insight of TCLs as typical distributed resources in smart grids for demand response and transactive energy to address the imbalance between supply and demand problems in power systems. The key points on analysis of uncertainty parameters, aggregated control models, battery modelling, multi-time scale control, transactive control and robust restoration of TCLs are all included. These are the research points of smart grids and deserve much attention. We believe this book will offer the related researcher a better understanding on the integration of distributed resources into smart grid for demand response and transactive energy. And it will be helpful to address the problems in practical projects.

Das essential bietet eine Gesamtschau der deutschen Nachhaltigkeitspolitik. Die Handlungsfelder Agrar, Energie, Verkehr und Wald werden kompakt analysiert und einer Bewertung unterzogen. Im Kern wird die Governance der Nachhaltigkeitstransformation multiperspektivisch in den Handlungsfeldern charakterisiert. Hierbei werden zentrale Herausforderungen herausgearbeitet und Perspektiven für die Zukunft der Klimaschutzpolitik in Deutschland abgeleitet.

This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of US policy from the perspective of an analyst and scholar from the region. This volume discusses the US energy diplomacy in the Caspian Sea region since 2001. It compares the foreign policy of the Bush, Obama, and Trump administrations, following the changing role of energy in the behavior of the US toward states in the energy hubs of Central Asia and the Caspian Sea. The chapters employ historical analysis, regional analysis, interviews, and case studies to trace the evolution of US interests in the area and posits likely trends for future policy. Topics discussed include: China's massive Belt and Road Initiativethe energy and foreign policies of the Caspian littoral states in comparison with those of China, India, the European Union, and Turkeythe escalation of differences among key OPEC members during the Trump erathe impact of the oil price war on the US shale industrythe spread of COVID-19 and its impact on the oil marketRussian and U.S. competition in the EU energy marketthe US-China trade war and the role of energy in the first phase of the US-China trade dealthe energy policy of the incoming US President, Joe BidenShedding light on the complex geopolitics of the US-Caspian Sea Energy diplomacy, this volume will be of interest to researchers of foreign policy, diplomacy, international relations, and energy policy as well as policymakers and analysts working in related areas.

Solid chemisorption technology is an effective form of energy conversion for recovering low-grade thermal energy, but limited thermal conductivity and agglomeration phenomena greatly limit its performance. Over the past 20 years, researchers have explored the use of thermal conductive porous matrix to improve heat and mass transfer performance. Their efforts have yielded composite sorption technology, which is now extensively being used in refrigeration, heat pumps, energy storage, and de-NOx applications. This book reviews the latest technological advances regarding composite solid sorbents. Various development methods are introduced and compared, kinetic models are presented, and different cycles are analyzed.Given its scope, the book will benefit experts involved in developing novel materials and cycles for energy conversion, as well as engineers working to develop effective commercialized energy conversion systems based on solid sorption technology

The book is a multidisciplinary space and serves as a platform to share and learn about the frontier knowledge between different areas related to “Recent trends in sustainable engineering.” Sustainable engineering promotes the responsible use of resources and materials involved in the different manufacturing processes or the execution stages of a service. An interdisciplinary approach is required in all aspects of engineering. In this sense, engineers, researchers, and the academic community will play a fundamental role in developing new technologies that respect the environment, still, at the same time, that considers social and economic factors.

Der Doktorarbeit liegt die Arbeitshypothese zugrunde, dass es für das Erreichen der Klimaschutzziele Deutschlands im Gebäudesektor der erfolgreichen Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die Wärmeversorgung von Gebäuden bedarf und hierfür die EE-Wärme-Quote als eines der wesentlichen rechtlichen Instrumente weiterentwickelt werden muss. Der Fokus der vorliegenden rechtlichen Betrachtung liegt dabei auf den Regelungen im GEG zum Einsatz von erneuerbaren Energien in Gebäuden.

This book highlights the latest knowledge and innovations in the field of civil engineering and construction industry striving for a sustainable built environment. It includes recent innovative findings from the proceedings of the 11th ICSBE 2020 under the themes of sustainable tall buildings, sustainable bridge construction and maintenance, waste in construction industry, sustainable manufacturing and recycling, disaster risk reduction for sustainable built environment, green innovations and entrepreneurship, sustainable water management in developing countries, water pollution and CKDu, sustainable urban environment and social well-being, and many greener and sustainable resource and energy-efficient innovative research findings.

This book presents the latest multi-pollutant (mainly NOx, SOx, particulate matter, heavy metals) control technologies for flue gases and the applications in coal-fired power plants. Pollutant control by catalytic, electric, and absorption methods, the multi-pollutant removal system and its performance evaluation are systematically introduced. This book is a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in environmental science & engineering, energy power engineering, and chemical science & engineering, etc.

This book on Applied Operations Research and Financial Modelling in Energy (AORFME) presents several applications of operations research (OR) and financial modelling. The contributions by a group of OR and Finance researchers focus on a variety of energy decisions, presenting a quantitative perspective, and providing policy implications of the proposed or applied methodologies. The content is divided into three main parts: Applied OR I: Optimization Approaches, Applied OR II: Forecasting Approaches and Financial Modelling: Impacts of Energy Policies and Developments in Energy Markets. The book appeals to scholars in economics, finance and operations research, and to practitioners working in the energy sector. This is the eighth volume in a series of books on energy organized by the Centre for Energy and Value Issues (CEVI). For this volume, CEVI collaborated with Hacettepe University's Energy Markets Research and Application Center. The previous volumes in the series are: Financial Aspects in Energy (2011), Energy Economics and Financial Markets (2012), Perspectives on Energy Risk (2014), Energy Technology and Valuation Issues (2015), Energy and Finance (2016), Energy Economy, Finance and Geostrategy (2018), and Financial Implications of Regulations in the Energy Industry (2020).

This book explains how learning from past mistakes in urban design can help to enhance sustainable cities and how the principles of Green Urbanism can yield more resilient urban settlements. Environmental design is a fundamental principle in shaping cities. However, environmental challenges like increased resource consumption, water degradation and waste-related issues are among the greatest problems now facing humanity – which is why these issues need to be considered with regard to “smart cities,” either for the development of new urban centers or for the transformation of existing cities. The book not only discusses the importance of integrating sustainability principles in the urban design process, but also demonstrates their application to the development of sustainable cities. As such, the book offers essential information and a source of inspiration for all those who want to build more sustainable cities.

In the fast-changing policy arena of a country as diverse as India, gauging regional implications of policy shifts is critical but challenging. E3-India is a policy evaluation tool based on the internationally recognized E3ME global model, that allows for iterative quantification of multiple policy options within an integrated economy-energy-environment framework to support wellinformed progressive policy choices at the regional level. This book provides comprehensive coverage of creating and using E3 modeling framework for regional policy analysis, which is available in public domain for the first time in India, addressing existing flagship Government of India policies, including but not limited to the Make in India initiative, Digital India initiative, Automotive Mission Plan, Nationally Determined Commitments under the Paris agreement, and the Atmanirbhar Bharat relief package. These studies have been designed to provide in-depth and lucid insights regarding choices for resource allocation by policymakers, thereby serving as a comprehensive guide for evidence-based policymaking in India.

This book presents selected articles from INDIA SMART UTILTY WEEK (ISUW 2019), which is the fifth edition of the Conference cum Exhibition on Smart Grids and Smart Cities, organized by India Smart Grid Forum from 12-16 March 2019 at Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi, India. ISGF is a public private partnership initiative of the Ministry of Power, Govt. of India with the mandate of accelerating smart grid deployments across the country. This book gives current scenario updates of Indian power sector business. It also highlights various disruptive technologies for power sector business.

This book focuses on crystalline silicon solar cell science and technology. It is written from the perspective of an experimentalist with extensive hands-on experience in modeling, fabrication, and characterization. A practical approach to solar cell fabrication is presented in terms of its three components: materials, electrical, and optical. The materials section describes wafer processing methods including saw damage removal, texturing, diffusion, and surface passivation. The electrical section focuses on formation of ohmic contacts on n and p-doped surfaces. The optical section illustrates light interaction with textured silicon surfaces in terms of geometrical, diffractive and physical optics, transmission, and surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. A final chapter analyzes performance of solar cells, fabricated with a wide range of process parameters. A brief economic analysis on the merits of crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic technology as a cottage industry is also included.This professional reference will be an important resource for practicing engineers and technicians working with solar cell and PV manufacturing and renewable energy technologies, as well as upper-level engineering and material science students.Presents a practical approach to solar cell fabrication, and characterization;Offers modular methodology with detailed equipment and process parameters supported by experimental results;Includes processing diagrams and tables for 16% efficient solar cell fabrication.

This book presents selected papers from the International Conference on Renewable Energy Systems (ICRES 2020). It throws light over the state of the art of renewable energy sources and their technological advances. Renewable energy sources discussed in this book include solar, wind, biomass, fuel cells, hydropower, hydrogen, nuclear, and geothermal. This book comprehensively explains each of these sources, materials associated, technological development, economics and their impact on the environment. As the renewable energy sources are intermittent, they require specific power electronic converter to convert the generated power into useful form that can be used for utility. Hence, this book describes different forms of power converter such as AC-DC, DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-AC. Advanced power semiconductor devices, their gate drive and protection circuits, heat sink design and magnetic components for power converter are the additional topics included in this book. The topics coveredin these proceedings will have a large impact among academicians, researchers, policy makers, scientists, practitioners and students in fields of electronics and electrical engineering, energy engineering, automotive engineering, and so on.

This book presents various multi-criteria analysis methods for sustainability-oriented analysis and decision-making for energy systems, under various different conditions and scenarios. It presents methodologies to answer the questions relating to which of the options are the most sustainable among the alternatives, and how multi-criteria decision analysis methods can be used to select the most sustainable energy systems. A systematic innovative methodological framework is presented, which enables the most appropriate energy system to be selected under different conditions including: Scientific decision support tools for sustainable energy system selection; Fuzzy, grey, and rough sets based multi-criteria decision analysis; Decision-making models under uncertainties; and The combination of life cycle thinking and multi-criteria decision analysis This book is of interest to researchers, engineers, decision makers, and postgraduate students within the field of energy systems, sustainability, and multi-criteria decision analysis.

This book comprises select papers presented at the International Conference on Trends and Recent Advances in Civil Engineering (TRACE 2020). This book covers papers on contemporary renewable energy and environmental technologies which include water purification, water distribution network, use of solar energy for electricity production, waste management, greening of buildings and air quality analysis. In all, twenty-three papers have been selected for publication. It is believed that this book will be useful to a fairly wide spectrum of audience like researchers, application engineers and industry managers.

This book is devoted to the development of complex methods and means of their implementation with using UAVs aimed for improving the safety and efficiency of the energy system. The scientific problem of complex automated monitoring of the energy system objects with using UAVs has been solved, including the control of its elements in the visible and infrared range, the acoustic spectrum, as well as by the levels of the electric field strength. The scientific foundations of mathematical, physical and statistical modeling of electromagnetic and acoustic fields in the elements of electric power objects of complex spatial configurations have been created, taking into account the possibility of the appearance of such nonlinear processes as corona discharges and breakdowns at long air gaps. Improved methods are proposed for determining the exact location of accidents on power lines using UAVs on the basis of the developed mathematical models and the obtained analytical expressions. Conceptualfoundations for the creation of methods and means for monitoring the state of insulation, lightning protection systems and the integrity of the structures of electric power facilities with using UAVs have been formed.

Featuring research on topics such as low energy buildings'concepts, construction materials and technology, hybrid energy systems, energy balance, and wellbeing, this book meets the expectations of academicians, specialists and researchers in the field, along with the scholars seeking coverage on buildings, environmental and human impact. It presents an integrated approach to the buildings'energetic aspects, from the perspective of environmental impact, together with the indoor wellbeing. In this respect, the chapters include state of the art, case studies, as well as research results that validate the raised hypotheses. The book integrates topics related to buildings'performance, approached by researchers with different backgrounds within the civil engineering domain, i.e. achieved energetics performances, obstacles, restrictions and limitations issues within design and optimization processes, including the new perspectives in the buildings & energy sector.

The coalbed methane (CBM) reserve in China ranks third in the world with a total resource of 36.8×1012 m3. Exploitation of CBM has an important practical significance to ensure the long-term rapid development of China natural gas industry. Therefore, in 2002, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China set up a national 973 program to study CBM system and resolve problems of CBM exploration and exploitation in China. All the main research results and new insights from the program are presented in this book. The book is divided into 11 chapters. The first chapter mainly introduces the present situation of CBM exploration and development in China and abroad. Chapters 2 through 9 illustrate the geological theory and prospect evaluation methods. Then chapters 10 and 11 discuss CBM recovery mechanisms and technology. The book systematically describes the origin, storage, accumulation and emission of CBM in China, and also proposes new methods and technologies on resource evaluation, prospect prediction, seismic interpretation and enhanced recovery. The book will appeal to geologists, lecturers and students who are involved in the CBM industry and connected with coal and conventional hydrocarbon resources research.

This book comprises select proceedings of the international conference ETAEERE 2020, and focuses on contemporary issues in energy management and energy efficiency in the context of power systems. The contents cover modeling, simulation and optimization based studies on topics like medium voltage BTB system, cost optimization of a ring frame unit in textile industry, rectenna for RF energy harvesting, ecology and energy dimension in infrastructural designs, study of AGC in two area hydro thermal power system, energy-efficient and reliable depth-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network, and power line communication. This book can be beneficial for students, researchers as well as industry professionals.

This book is the first comprehensive book in the world on co-processing of wastes as Alternative Fuels and Raw materials (AFRs) in cement kilns. It discusses how AFR from wastes can play an important role in contributing toward reducing the use of fossil fuel and costs while conserving natural resources, lowering global CO2 emissions, and reducing the need for landfills. The use of AFR in resource and energy-intensive industries is called co-processing, which is discussed in detail highlighting both advantages and disadvantages. Co-processing in cement kilns is a technology that is practiced globally on a large scale for environmentally sound and ecologically sustaining management of wastes from agricultural, industrial, and municipal sources. Considerable amount of scientific and technological advancements has been put in place while developing and implementing this technology at the cement plant operational scales. This technology is in practice for about 40 years or so and hasbeen recommended by Basel Convention for the sustainable management of hazardous wastes and by the Stockholm Convention for the sustainable management of POPs. This technology has now been included in the waste management rules notified by the Ministry of the Government of India and has been provided as a preferred option for the management of wastes over the conventional options of incineration and landfill. The book addresses how co-processing promotes mitigation of the climate change impacts and also conservation of the natural capital in addition to building a circular economy on a large scale.Even though this technology has received required attention and inclusion in the policy framework of many governments, its understanding and awareness with the stakeholders belonging to the academic and other relevant sections are vastly missing. The book will enhance the knowledge of co-processing technology among stakeholders involved in the implementation of the policy framework, design and engineering of the waste processing facilities to suit the co-processing operation, their operation and management, environmental consideration in implementing co-processing, operation and management of the cement plant, quality control, etc. In addition, the book will be useful for students and researchers working in this domain.

This book contains selected, peer-reviewed papers presented at the 11th International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Motor Systems (EEMODS'19), held in Tokyo, Japan from 17-19 September 2019. As with previous conferences in this series, EEMODS'19 provided a scientific forum to discuss and debate the latest developments and impacts of electrical motor systems on energy and the environment, energy efficiency policies and programmes adopted and planned, standards (including ISO 50.001), and the technical and commercial advances made in the dissemination and penetration of energy-efficient motor systems. Topics covered include: technologies, research and innovation in the areas of electric motors from life cycle costing to 3D printing to artificial intelligence/machine learning-based monitoring systems; emerging motor technologies; power electronics and drives; pump systems, including life cycle costing, energy efficiency improvements, maintenance, and operationfor industrial, water supply and treatment, building, and irrigation; compressed air systems; fans /exhaust systems; refrigeration systems maintenance and operation; mechanical power transmission; motors in household appliances and HVAC (residential and commercial); motors and drives for transport applications including policies, programmes, regulation, and international standards; industrial management policies and standards; motor system audit and verification; policies, programmes and financing: analysis of motor system energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for motor systems, e-vehicles and related charging infrastructure; harmonization of global motor efficiency test standards; evaluation of utility programmes for improving energy efficiency in motor systems; and policy implementation, market surveillance and enforcement mechanisms, including case studies. The conference is international by nature and aims to attract high quality and innovative contributions from all corners ofthe globe, while the papers facilitate the development of new technologies, policies and strategies to increase energy efficiency.

Dieses Essential ist ein Aufruf an alle, die sich für den globalen Umweltschutz einsetzen wollen. Die Klimakrise ist seit Jahrzehnten länderübergreifend und nimmt auf allen Kontinenten stark zu. Es ist Zeit, dass ein geopolitischer exekutiver Weltrat für Umweltschutz (WRFU) und ein legislatives Weltparlament für Umweltschutz (WPFU) die internationale Verantwortung übernehmen. Das weltweite Ziel heisst: Klimagerechtigkeit mit Null Treibhausgas-Emissionen und hundert Prozent recyclebaren Ressourcen.

This book comprises select proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends for Smart Grid Automation and Industry 4.0 (ICETSGAI4.0 2019). The contents discuss the recent trends in smart grid technology and related applications. The topics covered include data analytics for smart grid operation and control, integrated power generation technologies, green technologies as well as advances in microgrid operation and planning. The book highlights the enhancement in technology in the field of smart grids, and how IoT, big data, robotics and automation, artificial intelligence, and wide area measurement have become prerequisites for the fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in smart grid automation incorporating features of Industry 4.0.

This book highlights research on secure communication of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) Networks, along with related areas to ensure secure and Internet-compatible IoT systems. The authors not only discuss 5G and IoT security and privacy challenges, but also energy efficient approaches to improving the ecosystems through communication. The book addresses the secure communication and privacy of the 5G and IoT technologies, while also revealing the impact of IoT technologies on several scenarios in smart city design. Intended as a comprehensive introduction, the book offers in-depth analysis and provides scientists, engineers and professionals the latest techniques, frameworks and strategies used in 5G and IoT technologies.

This textbook provides students with an overview of cyber-physical microgrid networks and an in-depth introduction to photovoltaics, batteries, flywheel, supercapacitor, micro-turbines, wind generation, power-electronic interfaces, modeling and stability analysis of microgrids, and cyber-communication networks and security. The text helps upper-level undergraduate and graduate students gain a foundational understanding of microgrids and renewable energy, and offers an introduction to the frontier of theoretical research and practical applications of cyber-physical systems, paving the way to uncover and understand the operational mechanism of cyber-physical microgrids. The book includes examples and test systems throughout for problem-solving and will be an essential resource for students, researchers, and professionals in power engineering.

This book brings together contributions from groundwater researchers and scientists on underground water resources in Egypt's deserts. The aquifers'quantity and quality are evaluated in many regions of the Egyptian deserts using established methods that can be effectively employed to investigate the potential for sustainable development in Egypt and similarly arid countries. The water resources in Egypt's deserts are subject to deterioration, mainly by land salinization and water deficiency.This book presents the best management practices, water quantity and quality, and optimal and sustainable usage of available groundwater. The book offers a unique guide for all readers interested in groundwater, modeling, and assessment for sustainable development in Egypt and countries with similar weather and water conditions.

This book reviews the economic potential of various natural resources found in the Egyptian deserts that could help fill the food gap in Egypt, e.g., the date palm, olives, and domestic animals. Bearing in mind that the entire country is subject to arid or hyperarid climatic conditions, only a small portion (3% of total area) is agriculturally productive in comparison, the dominant deserts. These aspects, combined with a growing population (ca. 100 million citizens) and water resources scarcity, have produced severe adverse effects on natural resource utilization. This book presents innovative methods for addressing desert soil's key problems (soil erosion, salinity, pollution, decreased fertility, minerals, and weed and pest control). Its goal is to help authorities reclaim the desert and optimally utilize the minerals and the available natural resources to support the sustainability agenda 2030. Besides, it offers researchers guidance on remaining gaps and future research directions. Lastly and importantly, it provides essential information on investment opportunities in desert cultivation, such as the fields of food, fodder, and medicinal plants.

This book provides a novel and holistic perspective on the deployment of prepaid electricity meter technology among energy impoverished (vulnerable) households based in developing or under-developed communities of Sub-Saharan Africa. It explores and reviews the nexus between the technology and socio-economic development, technology acceptance and rejection in low-income households, and ultimately proposes a contextual model to avert or assuage energy poverty in the region using the technology. Science is applied as a convenient, valid, and reliable model to generate bespoke, contextual, and relevant knowledge for policy makers on the development of prepaid meter market in the region. The knowledge shared contributes to extant discourse and debates around the effectiveness of the technology within indigent household settings. The book is intended for energy/electricity utilities, prepaid electricity businesses, policy developers, and other interested parties whose work is related to prepaid electricity meters.

This book presents research related to energy and environmental technologies in the context of market liberalization and global warming. It focuses on the development and efficient use of alternative energy sources, implementation of sustainable energy policies, power generation, and energy finance. Advances in Managing Energy and Climate Risks provides readers with the necessary information to use energy sources more efficiently, discover cleaner energy sources and their applications, and urge consumers and producers to make changes to reach a carbon-neutral economy through financial, technological, regulatory and tax incentives.

This book includes the proceedings of the Sustaining Tomorrow 2020 symposium and summit which bring together research from experts in academia, industry, and policy arenas to uncover the challenges and to forge solutions to sustain tomorrow. To sustain tomorrow, we need to continuously make headway in Agriculture, Engineering, Energy, Environment, Economics, Water, among other necessities. This book disseminates the most recent advances in these fields and promotes collaborations to maximize opportunities for innovative solutions.Though primarily intended to offer an update for experts and researchers in the field, this book is equally useful as a valuable educational tool for relevant undergraduate and graduate courses. Key aspects covered include the better and more responsible engineering and management of energy conversion and conservation processes, the furthering of renewable energy technologies, improvements in water-agriculture nexus and energy-environment-economics relationship, and endorsing education, implementation, and evaluation of all-embracing sustainability.

This book analyzes the formation and evolution of the giant hydrocarbon reservoirs based on major basins onshore China. It discusses exploration and research advantages of major basins in China, such as Sichuan, Tarim, and Ordos Basins and also systematically analyzes and summarizes the formation conditions, distribution rules, and main controlling factors of deep oil and gas fields. On this basis, it forecasts the exploration prospect of China's onshore deep oil and gas, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for deep oil and gas exploration breakthrough and large-scale reserves growth. This book focuses on the analysis and discussion of hydrocarbon generation mechanism of deep-paleo source rocks, discusses the accumulation rules of cross-structural reservoir formation and oil-gas enrichment in ancient strata, the combination of gypsum-salt rocks and carbonate rocks, the potential of oil and gas accumulation under salt, the main controlling factors and distribution rules of deep oil and gas fields, and preliminarily grasps the geological understanding of the formation and distribution of deep-large oil and gas fields, namely ①abundant hydrocarbon supplied by two types of source kitchens, ②three large-scale lithologic reservoir rocks, ③hydrocarbon accumulation controlled by three paleoes (paleouplift, paleoplatform margin, and paleofaults), and ④reservoir formation across major tectonic periods. The book serves as a guidance for both researchers and students majoring in petroleum geology and other related fields.

This book explores the relationships between the energy costs and other farm variables in the European Union (including the UK) over a recent period of six years. It examines labour, farm land area, outputs/inputs, investments, assets, taxes, and subsidies in the context of policy measures and the farm structure. The book provides a deep insight into how energy cost and other factors in the farming sector relate to each other and as a result how farm planning can be made more efficient, more environmentally sustainable and more competitive. It will be of interest to policy-makers, governments, researchers and advanced students of economics, policy and the environment.

This book presents a collection of energy production and distribution problems identified by the members of the COST Action TD1207'Mathematical Optimization in the Decision Support Systems for Efficient and Robust Energy Networks'. The aim of the COST Action was to coordinate the efforts of the experts in different fields, from academia and industry, in developing innovative tools for quantitative decision making, and apply them to the efficient and robust design and management of energy networks. The work covers three main goals:• to be a nimble while comprehensive resource of several real life business problems with a categorized set of pointers to many relevant prescriptive problems for energy systems;• to offer a balanced mix of scientific and industrial views;• to evolve over time in a flexible and dynamic way giving, from time to time, a more scientific or industrial - or even political in a broad sense - weighed perspective.It is addressed to researchers and professionals working in the field.

Many governments worldwide are setting more stringent targets for reductions in energy use in government/public buildings. Buildings constructed more than 10 years ago account for a major share of energy used by the building stock. However, the funding and “know-how” (applied knowledge) available for owner-directed energy retrofit projects has not kept pace with new requirements. With typical retrofit projects, reduction of energy use varies between 10 and 20%, while actual executed renovation projects show that energy use reduction can exceed 50%, and can cost-effectively achieve the Passive House standard or even approach net zero-energy status (EBC Annex 61 2017a, Hermelink and Müller 2010; NBI 2014; RICS 2013; Shonder and Nasseri 2015; Miller and Higgins 2015; Emmerich et al. 2011).Building energy efficiency (EE) ranks first in approaches with resource efficiency potential with a total resource benefit of approximately $700 billion until 2030. EE is by far the cheapest way to cut CO2 emissions (McKinsey 2011, IPCC 2007). However, according to an IEA study (IEA 2014a), more than 80% of savings potential in building sector remains untapped. Thus, the share of deployed EE in the building sector is lower than in the Industry, Transport, and Energy generation sectors. Estimates for the deep renovation potentials show: €600-900bn investment potential, €1000-1300bn savings potential, 70% energy-saving potential, and 90% CO2 reduction potential.

This book presents select proceedings of the National Conference on Renewable Energy and Sustainable Environment (NCRESE 2020) and examines a range of reliable energy-efficient harvesting technologies, their applications and utilization of available alternate energy resources. The topics covered include alternate energy technologies, smart grid topologies and their relevant issues, solar thermal and bio-energy systems, electric vehicles and energy storage systems and its control issues. The book also discusses various properties and performance attributes of advance renewable energy techniques and impact on environmental sustainability. The book will be useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of energy and sustainable environment and the allied fields.

This collective volume examines the evolving political dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean. Recently, both the opportunities, such as the energy resources, and the challenges, such as the enormous migration flows, have caught the international attention since they have redefined the balance of powers in the area. This volume assembles the analyses of acknowledged scholars and academics from the Eastmed countries, who assess the most fundamental developments of the region in a comprehensive manner, underscoring the significance of the Eastern Mediterranean for the world politics. The book focuses on readers and parties primarily at European level/ EU affiliated, interested in national, regional, EU or international aspects of the Eastern Mediterranean area, such as politics, security, migration governance and energy developments on regional and EU level.

This book offers a wide-ranging overview of advancements, techniques, and challenges related to the design, control, and operation of microgrids and their role in smart grid infrastructure. It brings together an authoritative group of specialists who approach the subject from a number of different viewpoints in the electric power industry, including electricity distribution companies, aggregators, power market retailers, and power generation companies. Design, Control, and Operation of Microgrids in Smart Grids is an authoritative resource for students, researchers, and professionals working with power and energy systems.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concept, design, working protocols, and diverse photo-chemicals aspects of different solar cell systems with promising prospects, using computational and experimental techniques. It presents and demonstrates the art of designing and developing various solar cell systems through practical examples. Compared to most existing books in the market, which usually analyze existing solar cell approaches this volume provides a more comprehensive view on the field. Thus, it offers an in-depth discussion of the basic concepts of solar cell design and their development, leading to higher power conversion efficiencies. The book will appeal to readers who are interested in both fundamental and application-oriented research while it will also be an excellent tool for graduates, researchers, and professionals working in the field of photovoltaics and solar cell systems.

This book gathers a selection of refereed papers presented at the 2nd Vietnam Symposium on Advances in Offshore Engineering (VSOE 2021), held in 2022 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The book consists of articles written by researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and entrepreneurs addressing the important topic of technological and policy changes intended to promote renewable energies and to generate business opportunities in oil and gas and offshore renewable energy. With a special focus on sustainable energy and marine planning, the book brings together the latest lessons learned in offshore engineering, technological innovations, cost-effective and safer foundations and structural solutions, environmental protection, hazards, vulnerability, and risk management. Its content caters to graduate students, researchers, and industrial practitioners working in the fields of offshore engineering and renewable energies.

This book describes new energy saving methods and technologies for heat power engineering. The book is devoted to topical issues of energy and related industries. Leading Ukrainian scientists from both scientific institutes and educational universities took part in its creation. The research results are presented in 6 parts: electrical engineering, heat power engineering, nuclear power engineering, fossil fuels, cybersecurity and computer science, environmental safety. Results of regulating of operating modes and applicability of model checking technique in power systems are showed. Separate block of questions regarding the functioning of nuclear power plants, their waste and preventive measures of protection against negative effects on living organisms (including, for example, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant) is considered. The results of the peculiarities of the extraction, purification and use of fossil fuels are presented. In some chapters, presented the results on improving thecybersecurity of energy systems and its resilience to various threats, including the use of 5G technology. Traditionally for this series, issues of ecological safety, the impact of different energy systems on the environment and its protection are considered. A book is for researchers, engineers, as well as lecturers and postgraduates of higher education institutions dealing with energy sector, power systems, ecological safety, etc.

Dieses Buch hilft im eigenen Unternehmen die Prozesse und Ergebnisse zum Energieverbrauch zu bewerten und Verbesserungspotenziale aufzuspüren. Es gibt umsatzbezogene, bruttowertschöpfungsbezogene und beschäftigtenbezogene Energiekennziffern zum Zweck des Energiebenchmarkings für alle wichtigen Wirtschaftszweige in Deutschland (von der Herstellung von Nahrungs- und Futtermitteln über die Stahlindustrie bis zur Gewinnung von Erdöl und Erdgas). Eine Steigerung der Energieeffizienz ist Voraussetzung dafür, dass Unternehmen des produzierenden Gewerbes den Spitzenausgleich (eine Entlastung von der Energie- und der Stromsteuer) in Anspruch nehmen können.

This book focuses on green mine evaluation. It includes green mine evaluation methods, evaluation content, evaluation indicators, etc. The'Green Mine Evaluation Index'has been issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources of China. In order to promote mining enterprises, green mine consulting service agencies, third-party evaluation agencies and mining administration personnel to better understand and practice the provisions of green mine evaluation indicators, the authors wrote this'Interpretation of Green Mine Evaluation Index'. The content of this book specifically includes introduction, prerequisites for green mine selection, score sheet of green mine construction, related knowledge, as well as introduction of specific green mine evaluation items, including mining area environment, resource development methods, comprehensive utilization of ore resources, energy saving and emission reduction, technological innovation and smart mines, corporate management and corporate image, etc. The relevant concepts, relevant laws and policies, implementation measures, inspection points, and materials that enterprises should provide, have been vividly expounded based on the actual situation and specific cases of green mine construction. This book is useful as a reference for managers, engineering and technical personnels, teachers and students from mining enterprises, government departments, consulting services and evaluation agencies, colleges and secondary professional schools.

This book summarizes achievements and technology of China's underground gas storage in the past 20 years based on years of experience and technology accumulated in the construction and operation of gas storages. It also analyses and projects the future construction of underground gas storages in China Readers can systematically understand the construction status of China's underground gas storages, the difficulties encountered and the process and solution to such difficulties. It provides important theoretical and technical guidance for both in China and the world. Features of this book are listed as 1. Understand the development history, construction status, development trend of the underground gas storages around the world with countries and regions listed as case studies. 2. Understand the market demand of China's underground gas storages and resource distribution. 3. Understand the underground gas storages already built in China. 4. Understand the integrity management and risk control of the gas storages in China. 5. Understand the operation and management mode of gas storage. The target audience are those engaging in the research and technical management of the underground gas storage. It's a valuable reference for both reseachers and college students as well in the fields of underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) and helium (He), Power to Gas energy accumulation.

This book aims to establish a wind energy evaluation system, to provide scientific reference for site selection, daily operation and long-term planning of wind power generation, thus to make contribution to breaking the shackles of power shortage. Firstly, it presents the advantages and disadvantages of offshore wind power, then further discusses about the status quo and challenges for wind power programs along the Maritime Silk Road and offer suggestions. A wind energy evaluation system was proposed with the Maritime Silk Road as a case study, including climatic features of wind power (temporal-spatial distribution), long-term climatic trend and mechanism, short-term forecast of wind energy, mid- and long-term projection of wind energy, technology of wind energy evaluation on key point or vital region and offshore wind energy dataset construction, to provide systematic and scientific reference for wind power evaluation and utilization.This book is one of the series of publications on 21st century Maritime Silk Road (shortened as “Maritime Silk Road”). It covers the characteristics of the marine environment and marine renewable energy, remote islands and reefs construction, climate change, early warning of wave disasters, legal escort, marine environment and energy big data construction, etc., contributing to the safe and efficient construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It aims to improve our knowledge of the ocean, thus, to improve the capacity for marine construction, enhance the viability of remote islands and reefs, ease the energy crisis and protect the ecological environment, improve the quality of life of residents along the Maritime Silk Road, and protect the rights, interests of the countries and regions participating in the construction of the Maritime Silk Road. It is a valuable reference for decision-makers, researchers, and marine engineers working in the related fields.