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The article "Side hustle safety net: How vulnerable workers survive precarious times" published in the British Journal of Sociology discusses the impact of precarity on workers in New York City during COVID-19. The study explores how workers coped with economic challenges, eligibility for unemployment assistance, and the effects of government support on their lives. The research highlights the importance of reforming welfare state and labor market institutions to address growing precarity in society. [Extracted from the article]

The article posits that the puzzles of stagnating poverty rates amidst high growth and declining unemployment in the United States can be substantially explained by polarized job markets characterized by job quality and job distribution. In recent decades, there has been an increased number of poor-quality jobs and an unequal distribution of jobs in the developed world, particularly in the United States. I have calculated measures of uneven job distribution indices that account for the distribution of jobs across households. A higher value of the uneven job distribution indices implies that there are relatively large numbers of households with multiple employed people and households with no employed people. Similarly, poor-quality jobs are those jobs that do not offer full-time work. Two-way fixed-effect models estimate that higher uneven job distribution across households worsens aggregated poverty at the state level. Similarly, good-quality jobs help households escape poverty, whereas poor-quality jobs do not. This paper suggests that eradicating poverty requires the government to direct labor market policies to be tailored more toward distributing jobs from individuals to households and altering bad jobs into good jobs, rather than merely creating more jobs in the economy. This paper contributes by elaborating on relations of employment and poverty, addressing employment quality and distribution, and providing empirical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article interrogates the impact of EU employment policy on the UK both during and after EU Membership. To do so, it adopts insights from both historical institutionalism and discursive institutionalism. The argument made is that integration in the area of employment policy resulted in a process of 'layering' whereby EU policy ultimately tamed some of the more liberal elements of the UK's employment model. Such layering, however, failed to generate a more fundamental change within the UK's path dependency owing to the emergence of a powerful discourse within British politics. This discourse portrayed EU legislation as a threat to the UK's ability to generate growth and jobs. As an 'independent' country, however, overtime UK employment policy is likely to experience policy drift from the EU, albeit the extent of such remains unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research compares the degree of penetration of social investment through the Autonomous State. Given that unequal implementation is observed among countries, it is worth asking if there are also significant variations at the autonomous level in the Spanish Welfare State, which is heavily influenced by decentralization. Thus, the objectives are to understand how social investment policies vary among the Autonomous Communities, as well as to establish a typology to characterize them. For this purpose, a composite index was constructed, in addition to the application of cluster analysis and principal component analysis techniques. The analyzed data correspond to administrative records of the educational and vocational training system, the employment system and the long-term care system. The results show four different typologies of Autonomous Communities, depending on the performance of training and skill development policies, and, to a lesser extent, defamiliarization policies. The main differences occur in policies where socioeconomic factors, beyond institutional ones, are more relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A criminal record can be a serious impediment to securing stable employment, with negative implications for the economic stability of individuals and their families. State policies intended to address this issue have had mixed results, however. Using panel data from the Fragile Families study merged with longitudinal data on state-level policies, this study investigates the association between criminal record based employment discrimination policies and the employment of men both with and without criminal records. These state policies broadly regulate what kinds of records can be legally used for hiring and licensing decisions, but have received little attention in prior research. Findings indicate that men with criminal records were less likely to be working if they lived in states with more policies in place to regulate the legal use of those records. Consistent with research linking policies regulating access to records to racial discrimination, black men living in protective states reported this employment penalty even if they did not have criminal records themselves. Thus, these policies, at best, may fail to disrupt entrenched employment disparities and, at worst, may exacerbate racial discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Growing needs mandates economic growth. Entrepreneurship policies play a significant role in achieving productive employment and sustainable development for the health and wealth of society. Aims: This study is conducted to find the accordance of this document with the basic theory of the global alphabet model of entrepreneurship on the one hand and a comparison to the real entrepreneurial and economic achievements as social determinants of health (SDOH) on the other hand. Methods and Material: This research is a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of entrepreneurship documents in the health sector of Iran, using the basic theory of the global alphabet model as our target. We reviewed the Work Bank and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) reports as world indicators to compare whether our entrepreneurship policies have been successful. Statistical Analysis: MAXQDA is a software program designed for computer-assisted qualitative and mixed methods data, text and multimedia analysis in academic, scientific, and business institutions. Results: The findings showed that the retelling of the word employment is more dominant than entrepreneurship. Imbalanced attention is paid to the components of the standard global alphabet model, and a downhill regression is seen in almost all aspects of entrepreneurial results. Conclusions: The written health policies have not been effective in promoting the development of health by wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the importance of the regions in the national fisheries and aquaculture sector, the Chilean regional Input-output Matrices and their employment coefficients were estimated to estimate the indirect employment associated with the production and processing of marine resources. The estimated indirect employment at the national level, generated by extractive fishing, aquaculture, and manufacturing of sea resources, was 39,225 people in 2018 (for every two direct jobs generated by the sector, one indirect job was generated in other sectors of the economy). The regions with the highest contribution to the indirect employment generation are Biobío, Los Lagos, Aysén and Magallanes. About 80% of the estimated indirect employment was generated outside the region where the fishing or aquaculture activity occurs. The analysis allowed knowing the regional interrelation in economic terms and identifying the effect of public policies on employment in the sector under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ekwusigo local government council is a bureaucratic organization that ought to implement essential public policies while maintaining professionalism and other attributes of bureaucracy. However, poor staff training and development culture affected this function. The specific objective of this research was to identify the necessary strategies for effective manpower training in Ekwusigo local government council of Anambra State, Nigeria. The research adopted survey research design. The research submitted that the purpose of manpower training in Ekwusigo local government area should center on improving quality of workforce, improving employee growth, preventing obsolescence, assisting new comer, bridging the gap between planning and implementation, enhancement of health and safety measures, and increasing workers morale cum enthusiasm. Regarding the specific objective, result shows that the appropriate strategies towards manpower development in Ekwusigo Local Government Council are significant. In conclusion, the findings predicate that the optimal performance of Ekwusigo local government is dependent upon the adoption of these identified strategies for training and re-training of the council's employees. It recommended that manpower development should be encouraged by the council leadership for the members of staff of Ekwusigo local government council. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even I The New York Times i Editorial Board concedes, "Many aging Vietnam-era veterans attest to the sense of community that came with either involuntary military service or the alternative service routes that those who refused the draft opted for ([4])." With cheeky chapter titles like "Digging for Deferments" and "A Draft Dodging Business", Rutenberg creatively and incisively cuts to the heart of the matter: young people historically I avoid i military service as often as they I volunteer i for military service. [Extracted from the article]

Who knows the underlying productivity distribution function? Interestingly, this ambiguous function is often referenced to make decisions including job creations, wage determinations, contract formulations, etc. To investigate how ambiguity shapes labor markets, we integrate ambiguity preferences into the Diamond‐Mortensen‐Pissarides (DMP) model. We find that ambiguity‐averse job‐ and talent‐hunters are conservative. Our quantitative analysis indicates that but for the ambiguity, the American unemployment rate would have increased in the postwar era. This paper generalizes the DMP model, enhances our understanding of the labor market, and calls for policies concerning labor market information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous research on social innovation independently studied the process, levels, stakeholders of social innovation, as well as its relationship with technical and technological innovation: Our current study analyzes the complex picture created by social innovation potential and examines how social welfare can be realized in the idea of sustainable value creation, or its increase. The most important conclusion of the study is that to improve the quality of life, it is primarily necessary to improve the input indicators of the social innovation potential in general, and within this, the proportion of the child population and the activity rate stand out. This result points to the need to continue family and employment policy measures and strengthen them, as they are closely related to the implemented social innovation projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how active labor market policies affect the exchange of information and support among job seekers. Leveraging a unique social network survey in Ethiopia, we find that a randomized job search assistance intervention reduces information sharing and support between treated job seekers and their active job search partners. Because of lower job search support, untreated individuals search less and, suggestively, have worse employment outcomes. These results are consistent with a model of networks where unemployed individuals form job search partnerships to exploit the complementarities of job search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fissuring of business enterprises--which involves the shifting of work from lead firms to smaller, less accountable entities or independent contractors--harms workers by increasing violations of basic labor standards, lowering wages, and limiting access to benefits tied to traditional employment. The vexing nature of this problem for employment law and policy is currently exemplified by the ongoing debates on how to classify gig economy workers, including drivers for Uber and other rideshare companies. This Article discusses the daunting challenges of the next generation of fissuring: a firm's utilization of web applications, algorithms, and other innovations to create a layered enterprise that avoids anything approaching employment. From a labor cost-avoidance perspective, the ideal enterprise structure is one in which the firm profits from the delivery of goods and services without actually employing any of the workers who contribute their labor. As this incentive intersects with emergent technology, I predict the rise of many visible, high-value firms that--unlike the commonly discussed Uber and rideshare companies--will operate well removed from employer-like control over their core activities. I call this business model "apployment." While some such enterprises have already emerged in the sharing economy, I contend that apployment will spread. Using illustrative examples from different sectors, including construction, apparel, and even legal education, I demonstrate how many types of firms can achieve apployment, eluding employment of the workers who produce and distribute their goods and services. I conclude that current law is ill-equipped to respond to the proliferation of such apployment structures and provide a framework for rethinking how to protect worker welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal is the primary source of energy for the production of electricity as well as other industrial purposes. Despite being one of the largest coal producers in the world, India still imports coal to meet domestic demand. Coal is mainly extracted from opencast mines with high mechanization and deeper depths to meet the required coal demand. However, there are many problems with deeper opencast projects, like slope stability and its failure, which can be caused by slope geometry and rock properties. These failures result in equipment damage and human fatalities. It is necessary to monitor the stability of the slope to keep the working conditions safe. Traditional instrument techniques are currently deployed in opencast mines for regular slope monitoring. These traditional instruments usually rely on humans to collect and analyze data offline, which involves huge costs for manpower utilization. Moreover, it only works during daylight, and reliability is also not up to the mark. On the other hand, the latest instruments like Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) can efficiently monitor slope movements; those are more expensive and require highly skilled manpower. To eliminate this uncertainty and to obtain real-time data for studying the dynamic behavior of workings, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are introduced. This study uses a node with a sensor and a receiver to collect data based on slope displacement measured in millimeters in a selected opencast mine. Data obtained using a WSN-based monitoring system was observed to be close to the existing total station monitoring method. ANSYS finite element-based numerical modeling software was used for simulating the field conditions and validated the results obtained by the WSN-based sensor's real-time monitoring and existing traditional field monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising global uncertainty has been proved to have great impact on labor market. Compared to the adults defined as those aged 25 years and above, the youth aged between 15 and 24 years has experienced sharper employment losses. In this study, we examine the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the choice of employment city by youth labor using the employment data of 46,804 graduates in China from 2014 to 2019. We find that: (1) EPU can significantly reduce the likelihood of youth leaving their hometown for employment. In other words, uncertainty makes graduates more "conservative" in their choice of cities; (2) City characteristics are important factors influencing graduates' choice of city, with economic factors being among the most important ones; (3) The probability of male and graduates with doctoral degree leaving their hometown for employment is relatively less affected by the negative effect of uncertainty, while female and graduates with master degree are more affected. Our findings can generate important implication for youth-oriented labor market policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the global economy and the continuous advancement of technology, new forms of employment are gradually becoming one of the highlights in modern society. New forms of employment refer to emerging occupations and work styles different from traditional forms of employment. These new forms of employment have attracted increasing attention and favor for their flexibility, innovation, and adaptability. This paper explores the scale, structure and development countermeasures of new employment forms in the US, aiming to provide lessons and inspiration for China's employment policy making and talent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences & Philosophy is the property of Research Center for Humanities & Social Sciences, Academia Sinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Both the United States and South Korea have implemented publicly funded long-term care programs intended to cope with the rapid aging of their populations. These programs provide market-based solutions that depend on cheap labor supplied by women from marginalized groups. Drawing upon comparative ethnographic data collected in Los Angeles' Koreatown and Seoul, this study illuminates the mechanisms by which publicly funded long-term care programs systematically devalue care through a combination of state policy and racialized labor markets. These programs not only sort and channel marginalized women into the low-paid care sector through targeted forms of recruitment, but they also do so by promoting an idealized care worker subject. However, workers do not passively accept their subjectivation. Instead, they selectively choose to embody some aspects of the imposed idealized care worker subject to help navigate their precarious working conditions. In doing so, they give meaning to their work and thus empower themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the long-term reaction of local labor markets (LLMs) to a mass layoff in a manufacturing plant. We adopt a non-parametric generalization of the difference-in-differences estimator expressly developed for time-series cross-sectional data and a new comprehensive dataset. Our results suggest that, on average, a mass layoff abruptly decreases industry employment by 22%; this negative impact is persistent even 9 years later. The shock has a negative and statistically significant effect only on the same industry of the affected LLM, while the rest of the local economy is, at most, mildly negatively affected. These findings depend on the initial level of development and call for the policymakers' intervention to design efficient employment policies aimed at reducing the long-lasting social costs of a mass layoff at least for the less developed and less dynamic local economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on dynamics within the European Parliament frequently draws on group‐based explanations – such as parties and national affiliations – for the behaviour of its members. Hence, there is a growing interest in the question of how policy issues trigger the salience of group memberships and whether partisan or national group memberships – and which of them – rank higher when voting on issues. This article provides answers to these questions by presenting empirical evidence on the group memberships that are decisive for the voting behaviour of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). In theoretical terms, it introduces the social‐psychological perspective on social identities to European Union (EU) parliamentary research. Methodologically, the article relies on a qualitative comparative analysis of voting results in three resolutions of the 9th EU legislative term. The findings emphasize a hierarchy of salient social identities and reveal that some national and some partisan identities are stronger than others in the European Parliament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influx of refugees from Ukraine over the past year could have led to an uncontrolled increase in unemployment in Poland and Europe, but this did not happen. European countries took immediate measures to support Ukrainian refugees and their integration into the labour markets. In Poland, at the end of January 2023, there were 15.6 thousand unemployed citizens from this country registered in labour offices, who accounted for only 1.8 per cent of the total number of unemployed. In 2022, on the other hand, more than 1 million Ukrainian citizens were legalised for work, which indicates their good integration into Polish society. In the article, I analyse the measures taken in the wake of Russia’s attack on Ukraine and show that the European economy, despite the crisis caused by the war, requires a continuous replenishment of the labour supply of workers. I address the issues of European labour markets, the activities of employment services in other countries receiving refugees and I also cite the results of research conducted in Polish and European employment services.

Using a rich and unique combined administrative-survey dataset, this paper explores how sensitive propensity score (PS) matching estimates of Active Labor Market Policies (ALMPs) based on the selection-on-observables assumption are to typically unobserved covariates. Using a sample of German unemployed welfare recipients, the analysis shows that typically unobserved factors such job search behavior, concessions willing to make for a job as well as (mental) health are in fact relevant confounders. However, results also show that matching on the PS using only typically observed covariates reduces imbalance in terms of typically unobserved covariates by about 46 percent in this setting. In line with this finding, the inclusion of typically unobserved covariates yields very similar estimates to estimates based on a standard specification. Hence, a standard matching approach based on rich and high quality administrative data appears to be sufficient to obtain estimates that are rather robust to unobserved confounding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether territorial (intergovernmental) decision rules adversely impact the policy-opinion link is a controversial topic, and unresolved in part due to a lack of empirical evidence. This study leverages the European Union's (EU) codecision reform – introduced to tackle the EU's democratic deficit – to evaluate whether it caused EU policies to better track public opinion (mood).. The analysis links an original dataset of ideologically scaled EU policies with existing datasets on European public opinion (1990–2008) and applies the difference-in-differences (DiD) causal inference design. The study finds that EU policies adopted under codecision more closely track European public opinion shifts. The finding supports the argument that territorial legislative procedures can hurt the democratic legitimacy of public policies. This has significant implications for the reform of the EU and of global governance, and contributes to the broader field of political representation and the debate on territorial representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies on benefit sanctions within the German welfare system rely on established datasets about welfare receipt. This paper analyzes how using a dataset from the operational system of the German Federal Employment Agency for processing welfare claims can contribute to further research on benefit sanctions. For this purpose, I use a random sample of welfare recipients with at least one sanction between 2016 and 2018. First, this allows the detailed analysis of time lags between different steps in the sanction process. Second, linking this dataset with established datasets allows the identification of imposed sanctions for which sanction periods could not be (fully) implemented. This is largely explained by individuals leaving the welfare system between sanction events and sanction periods, e.g., by taking up employment. Third, the paper shows differences in benefit cuts across subgroups. This opens up paths for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employment is a really serious issue in that it can create an economic disruption if it is not dealt with correctly. The wrong solution for employment causes similar results. For this reason, it is important for both the economies of the country and the sector in question to solve the employment problem completely and correctly. In this context, an employment policy should be produced for the aviation sector as well as others. Employment policies should be determined in such a way that both the labour force and qualification need to increase. However, these policies should be in the direction of improving existing policies rather than a radical change. For instance, women's employment is available in many economies. Therefore, this policy should not be radically changed; on the contrary, it should be in the form of improving existing policies. Within this scope, ignoring women while forming employment policy may have several economic and financial consequences. However, certain factors affect women's employment. These factors can be expressed as follows: the glass ceiling syndrome, the queen bee syndrome, marital status and age, educational status, mobbing and sexual harassment, and wage inequality. In this study, women's employment data are extracted from the USA labour force statistics. The data were subjected to evaluation by the content analysis method. With this method, lots of the data and information independent of one another are examined deeply. By this way general trends can be determined clearly. Therefore, the data in this study are examined within the scope of labour economics. This study concludes that women's employment in the USA aviation market follows a positive course, but this is not enough. To eliminate the insufficiency, a number of economic and financial proposals need to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socio-économie du Travail is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socio-économie du Travail is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FORO: Revista de Ciencias Juridicas y Sociales Nueva Epoca is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the past decade, Gulf countries have imposed hiring quotas to promote native participation in the private sector and address unemployment. We explore how one such policy, Nitaqat in Saudi Arabia, affected exporting firms. We find that while the policy increased Saudi employment by these firms, it came at a cost. In the year following implementation, relative to firms above the quota, firms below were 1.5 percentage points more likely to exit the market and 7 percentage points less likely to export, and conditional on exporting, their exports fell by 10%–20%. These short-term effects persisted for at least 3 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution is focused on a recent decision of the Italian Supreme Court, in which it was held that a Danish judgment imposing a monetary sanction (bod) on an employer for the failure to perform its obligations under a collective employment contract can be recognized in Italy under Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012 (applicable to Denmark via the 2005 EU-Denmark Agreement). The request to refuse recognition had been raised on the assumption that the Danish measure amounted to a condemnation to punitive damages and was thus incompatible with public policy. The Corte di Cassazione came to the opposite conclusion, but the solution reached may cause a mixed reaction. It is regrettable that, notwithstanding the applicability of Regulation (EU) No. 1215/2012, the Italian Supreme Court simply relied on the principles developed in its previous judgment No. 16601/2017 (concerning a judgment of a non-EU court) and did not deem it necessary to request a preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice ("CJEU") on the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the mentioned Regulation. In a different vein, it is to be welcomed that the nature of the foreign measure was assessed in accordance with the so-called Engel criteria, developed by the European Court of Human Rights. However, the analysis conducted in the instant case by the Italian Supreme Court, which appeared to overlook some characteristics of the Danish bod, is not completely convincing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the minimum wage as a social and labor standard. The liberalization of the economy has led to a simplification of social and labor relations, a reduction in the share of labor contracts with social obligations on the part of businesses, and a transition in remuneration from minimum wage guarantees to an agreement on remuneration for services rendered, that is observed around the world. The article indicates the possible consequences and threats of transferring social obligations and insurance directly to employees. According to international statistics, a comparison of the minimum wage in Ukraine and in other countries of the world is made. The author emphasized the need to study the minimum wage as component of the system of basic social standards and, based on the data of a sociological survey, determines the degree of correspondence of the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum to the real cost of living in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the role of the minimum wage in the mechanisms of state policy in the labor market. Raising the minimum wage has a positive effect on reducing working poverty, inequality, and social tension in society. At the same time, it is also necessary to increase the rates of social assistance linked to the minimum wage, that will also contribute to an increase in the standard of living of the population and, in particular, the least affluent segments. A warning is made that the minimum wage cannot be replaced by other social standards, such as the minimum basic income, which can only be introduced if it is supplemented to the existing system of social guarantees. The conclusion of the analysis is the justification for maintaining the minimum wage as an effective social standard necessary for developing strategies for the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soochow University Educational Science Edition is the property of Soochow University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work correlates the impact of robotization on employment and households' income at the regional scale with the level of investment in R&D and education policies. This kind of policy, by raising the qualitative and quantitative levels of human capital, contributes to improving the complementarity effect between humans and robots, thus mitigating the substitution effect. To this end, we compute the Adjusted Penetration of Robots (APR) (a metric used to measure the extent to which robots are being used in a particular industry or sector) at the sectoral level, combining the International Federation of Robotics database for the stock of robots, EUROSTAT Regional database, and the STructural ANalysis database on 150 NUTS-2 regions of the Euro area. We then perform a spatial stacked-panel analysis on the investment in R&D and education level. Results supports the idea that regions that invest more in R&D and have higher levels of human capital can turn the risk of robotization into an increase in both income and "quantity of work," by enhancing complementarity between robots and the labor force. On the contrary, regions investing less in R&D and having lower levels of human capital may suffer a reduction in households' disposable income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of female entrepreneurship in Serbia is the main topic of this paper. The analysis of entrepreneurship takes into account the underrepresentation of women in the self-employed population. Studies analyzing entrepreneurial intention, self-efficacy, and self-perceived employability similarly show a lower representation of women choosing the professional path of entrepreneurs. Studies on institutional support for women who participate in entrepreneurship programs are rare. Therefore, determining how participation in institutionally sponsored active labor market policy programs influences the growth of female entrepreneurship in Serbia is the purpose of this paper. According to the results of this research, Serbia has a substantial gender difference in self-employment. Less than one-third of business owners are women. Women made up almost half of those taking part in entrepreneurship training. In 2021 and 2022, they received more than half of all subsidies for entrepreneurs. However, these findings do not significantly affect the trend of self-employment in Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unemployment is known to have adverse effects on well-being. Moreover, people can adapt to many adverse events to some extent. This study seeks to answer the question “Do people adapt to unemployment over time?” to shed light on the happiness of the unemployed in Türkiye. We use individual-level data from the Life Satisfaction Survey in 2010–2020. First, we show that, consistent with previous research, the happiness of the unemployed is significantly lower than that of the employed. Second, those who have been unemployed for less than a year are less happy than those who have been unemployed for more than a year. That is, the unemployed become accustomed to their situation over time. However, those who have found work in the last year are much happier than both the unemployed in general and those who have been unemployed for more than a year and have adapted to unemployment. From the standpoint of happiness, our results support the hypothesis that finding a job is preferable to becoming accustomed to unemployment. In addition, married men are more adversely impacted by unemployment and less adaptive to unemployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization processes bring about radical transformations in the content and nature of work, leading to shifts in the demand for certain skills and abilities and the emergence of new occupations. Traditional survey-based sources of information about the labour market prove insufficient to track these changes for employment policy purposes. In this article, the authors reveal alternative data sources on the labour market, made possible due to the development of new digital technologies, and delineate their respective advantages and drawbacks. Additionally, the authors systematize international experiences in leveraging digital technologies and Big Data for statistical and information-analytical research on the labour market. Having analysed the leading research-analytical projects in the USA, Great Britain, and EU countries, the authors found them to be focused on constructing functional intellectual and analytical systems for the labour market. These projects aim to develop methodologies and promote widespread adoption of digital tools for working with Big Data, significantly expanding the capabilities of labour market information and analytical systems. The authors examined specific projects that used Big Data from online job vacancies to assess the demand and supply of jobs, as well as to analyse and forecast the requirements for skills and competences that would be feasible for adoption in Ukraine. Big Data from specialized online portals, servers and services were found to serve as powerful resources to supplement and enrich the existing conventional system of labour market statistics and analytics. Finally, the authors substantiate the need and expediency of creating a fundamentally new Labour Market Information and Analytical System (LMIAS) in Ukraine and coordinating it with labour market platforms in EU countries. They also identify a range of problematic issues that require in-depth research and resolution in Ukraine, such as ensuring the representativeness of online job vacancy data, improving the classifiers of occupations, abilities and skills, and introducing methods for integrating statistical, administrative, and Big Data on the labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labor market reforms in the direction of "flexicurity" have been widely endorsed as a means to increase an economy's ability to adjust to negative shocks while offering adequate social safety nets. This paper empirically examines how such reforms influence employment's responsiveness to output fluctuations (employment–output elasticity). To address this question, we employ a single equation error correction model with policy interactions on a panel of OECD countries, which also incorporates the period of the Great Recession, and distinguish between passive and active labor market policy types. Flexicurity is represented by three policy measures: unemployment benefit generosity, the flexibility of hiring and firing rules, and spending on active labor market policies. We find that the effects of any single policy change are shaped by the broader existing policy mix within which it takes place. A hypothetical flexicurity reform towards the policy mix of Denmark, a well‐known example of the flexicurity regime, is found to increase or leave unchanged countries' short‐run employment–output elasticities, depending on the initial policy mix. These results are robust to accounting for a large set of additional labor market institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialized countries have increasingly used skill-based selective migration policies to reduce labor and skill shortages. But are these policies effective? This paper uses Japan and the United Kingdom to illustrate how immigration policy and employment, training and labor practices influence labor and skill supply. Until recently, these two countries had different migration policies and labor practices. Yet data shows similar patterns of labor and skill shortage profiles in both countries. This paper draws on empirical research to argue that such outcomes suggest that immigration policies will not alleviate labor and skill shortages unless accompanied by the transformation of employment and training practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper are analyzed the expenditures related to the active policies of the labor market. Each country annually allocates financial resources for ALMPs that aim to reduce unemployment at the national level. In this context, each country can allocate financial resources to different ALMP programs, depending on how it has proven its effectiveness over time. In addition to reducing unemployment, ALMPs can also help solve some social problems. ALMP expenditures related to GDP is the indicator that reflects the volume of financing of various programs that aim to reduce unemployment and increase employment. The Public Employment Service is the institution that manages the financial resources intended for ALMPs, the beneficiaries of which can be both the unemployed and the employers. In this context, employers are a main player of the labor market that can benefit from financial resources, through various programs, in exchange for keeping employees in the organization, or hiring unemployed people, or through their participation in the vocational training of the unemployed. Methodologically, the expenditures of ALMPs were analyzed at the level of each EU member state, reflected by several indicators. The statistical data used in the research were extracted from the website of the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to delve into the development of the region's financial fragility and economic instability process in an environment where, in the absence of the United States, other agents such as Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the growing presence of China, have emerged. An inflationary environment, high indebtedness, and rising interest rates in the short term are placing countries of the region to the limit due to the lack of a full employment policy given the burden of servicing external debt and the need to import food, fertilizers, and fuel. This situation prioritizes institutional investors who play a determining role in the economic development of the African region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge in creating dignified living conditions for older women is employment. If the employment process of older women is not properly regulated, they will lose the opportunity to maintain their health and well-being. Unpaid domestic work and discriminatory stigmas have a major impact on employment. Social security, which appears in the form of a post-employment (funded or state) pension, determines the economic status of older/eldest women. Based on the above, the research on the issue of employment should include an analysis of the issue of stigmas, gender perspective and employment issues, hence proposing legislative changes to the state for favourable conditions for older women. In order to develop effective state policy, the article aims to analyse the international documents and the practice of the State of Israel to discuss the employment of elderly women in the central core of the state policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores how the policy field of anti-trafficking has been further complicated by a shift of focus from female migrant sex workers to migrant workers in Denmark. As a discursive terrain established through various discourses produced by articulations, practices, and interests, Danish anti-trafficking is an excellent example of how highly regulated and different state institutions together with trade unions establish regimes of prostitution, migration, crime, and labor market. Together, these regimes create the complex policy field of anti-trafficking. The article demonstrates how a trade union, as a part of the labor market regime, is a new player. Despite this new player in the anti-trafficking policy field, the article argues that the figure of "the migrant worker" becomes invisible as logics and categories of "labor exploitation" and "labor rights" collide with the ideas of rescuing poor migrant women selling sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]