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The aim of this study was to assess the stress distribution of the retention systems (screwed and cemented) for implant-supported fixed partial dentures by means of photoelastic method. Two models were made of photoelastic resin PL-2 with 2 implants (phi = 4.00 x 10 mm) located in the second premolar and molar region in each photoelastic model, varying the retention system (screwed and cemented). The implant-supported fixed partial dentures were standardized and made of Ni-Cr alloy. Axial and oblique (45 degrees) forces of 100 N were applied on the occlusal surface by means of a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC-DL 3000; Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana, Brazil). The results were observed and photographed in the field of a circular polariscope and qualitatively analyzed with the aid of computer software (Adobe Photoshop, San Jose, CA). The screw retention system presented the highest number of fringes when the loads were applied on the premolar, pontic, and molar and showed this behavior in all load applications, under axial and oblique loads. It was concluded that there was a better stress distribution and lower magnitude of stress on the cemented implant-supported dentures, under axial and oblique loads. Oblique load caused an increase in stress concentrations in all the models.

The aim of this study was to analyze the main aspects that influence the aesthetics of single immediate implant-supported restorations through a literature review on the MEDLINE database. It was observed that immediate implant-supported restorations present clinical success with aesthetic predictability demonstrated by the literature. Proper patient selection and diagnostic and multidisciplinary planning are essential and should be associated to technical ability of professional and knowledge concerning the biology of periimplant tissues. It is suggested that provisional restoration should be immediately inserted after implant fixation to guide healing of gingival tissues with a proper emergence profile besides psychologic comfort for a patient due to immediate aesthetic reestablishment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of a mandibular distal extension removable partial denture (DERPD) associated with an implant and different retention system, by bidimensional finite element method. Five hemimandible models with a canine and external hexagon implant at second molar region associated with DERPD were simulated: model A, hemimandible with a canine and a DERPD; model B, hemimandible with a canine and implant with a healing abutment associated to a DERPD; model C, hemimandible with a canine and implant with an ERA attachment associated to a DERPD; model D, hemimandible with a canine and implant with an O'ring attachment associated to a DERPD; and model E, hemimandible with a canine and implant-supported prosthesis associated to a DERPD. Cusp tips were loaded with 50 N of axial or oblique force (45 degrees). Finite element analysis was performed in ANSYS 9.0. model E showed the higher displacement and overload in the supporting tissues; the patterns of stress distribution around the dental apex of models B, C, and D were similar. The association between a DERPD and an osseointegrated implant using the ERA or O'ring systems shows lower stress values. Oblique forces showed higher stress values and displacement. Oblique forces increased the displacement and stress levels in all models; model C displayed the best stress distribution in the supporting structures; healing abutment, ERA, and O'ring systems were viable with RPD, but DERPD association with a single implant-supported prosthesis was nonviable.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cusp inclination on stress distribution in implant-supported prostheses by 3D finite element method.Three-dimensional models were created to simulate a mandibular bone section with an implant (3.75 mm diameter x 10 mm length) and crown by means of a 3D scanner and 3D CAD software. A screw-retained single crown was simulated using three cusp inclinations (10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees). The 3D models (model 10d, model 20d, and model 30d) were transferred to the finite element program NeiNastran 9.0 to generate a mesh and perform the stress analysis. An oblique load of 200 N was applied on the internal vestibular face of the metal ceramic crown.The results were visualized by means of von Mises stress maps. Maximum stress concentration was located at the point of application. The implant showed higher stress values in model 30d (160.68 MPa). Cortical bone showed higher stress values in model 10d (28.23 MPa).Stresses on the implant and implant/abutment interface increased with increasing cusp inclination, and stresses on the cortical bone decreased with increasing cusp inclination.

Two-stage procedure for dental implants presents corroborated clinical success over 40 years. The evolution of surgical techniques, development of diagnostic methods, knowledge about tissue biology, and quality of implants regarding design and surface supported studies with 1 surgical stage followed by immediate prosthesis placement. However, several factors influence the treatment success with immediate loading. So, this study aimed to evaluate some factors regarding the success and characteristics of implants and patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Shore A hardness and color stability of two soft lining materials after thermocycling and when chemical polishing was used or omitted. Two acrylic-based soft lining materials were tested: Coe-Soft and Soft Confort, 14 specimens were made for each material. They were distributed in four groups according to the treatment performed. The specimens were thermocycled (1000 cycles) and half of the group submitted to chemical polishing (methyl methacrylate). Shore A hardness was determined and color stability was calculated by means of Commission International de l'Eclairage Lab uniform color scale using a spectrophotometer, the measurements were made immediately after deflasked, chemical polishing and thermocycling. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests were performed at p0.01. Color changes (deltaE) were observed after thermocycling in both soft lining materials: Soft Confort (10.60) showed significantly higher values than Coe-Soft (4.57). Coe-Soft (26.42) showed higher Shore A hardness values than Soft Confort (19.42). Chemical polishing did not influence in the color stability of both materials; however, influenced in the hardness values of Coe-Soft.

Fabrication of an interim prosthesis is an important procedure in oral rehabilitation because it aids in determining the esthetics, phonetics, and occlusal relationship of the definitive restoration. The typical material (acrylic resin) used in interim prostheses commonly fails due to fractures. During extended oral rehabilitation with fixed partial prostheses, high strength interim prostheses are often required to protect hard and soft tissues, avoid dental mobility, and to allow the clinician and patient a chance to evaluate cosmetics and function before the placement of the definitive prosthesis. Furthermore, a satisfactory interim prosthesis can serve as a template for the construction of the definitive prosthesis. The maintenance of this prosthesis is important during treatment for protection of teeth and occlusal stability. Procedures to reinforce interim prostheses help to improve performance and esthetics in long-term treatment. Due to the low durability of acrylic resin in long-term use, the use of reinforcing materials, such as metal castings or spot-welded stainless steel matrix bands, is indicated in cases of extensive restoration and long-term treatment. This paper describes an easy technique for fabricating a fixed interim prosthesis using acrylic resin and a cast metallic reinforcement.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate stress transfer patterns between implant-tooth-connected prostheses comparing rigid and semirigid connectors and internal and external hexagon implants.Two models were made of photoelastic resin PL-2, with an internal hexagon implant of 4.00 x 13 mm and another with an external hexagon implant of 4.00 x 13 mm. Three denture designs were fabricated for each implant model, incorporating one type of connection in each one to connect implants and teeth: 1) welded rigid connection; 2) semirigid connection; and 3) rigid connection with occlusal screw. The models were placed in the polariscope, and 100-N axial forces were applied on fixed points on the occlusal surface of the dentures.There was a trend toward less intensity in the stresses on the semirigid connection and solid rigid connection in the model with the external hexagon; among the three types of connections in the model with the internal hexagon implant, the semirigid connection was the most unfavorable one; in the tooth-implant association, it is preferable to use the external hexagon implant.The internal hexagon implant establishes a greater depth of hexagon retention and an increase in the level of denture stability in comparison with the implant with the external hexagon. However, this greater stability of the internal hexagon generated greater stresses in the abutment structures. Therefore, when this association is necessary, it is preferable to use the external hexagon implant.

The aim of this study was to assess the behavior and stress distribution of 3 retention systems associated with implant for facial prosthesis by using the photoelasticity method. A photoelastic model was made from the replica of the orbital region on the left side of a dry skull with two 4-mm implants fixed in the superior orbital region. Three facial prosthetic retention systems were made for this study: O'ring, bar-clip, and magnets. The set (model/retention systems/prosthesis) was placed in a polariscope, and then traction began to be applied to the retention systems. The limit values for removal of the retention system were obtained by tests performed in an EMIC Universal test machine. The results were obtained by observation during the experiments and by photographic record of the stress behavior in the photoelastic model, resulting from the traction of the retention systems. In the magnet system, a lowest formation of fringes was verified both around and between the implants; in the O'ring system, the formation of photoelastic fringes was noted between the implants in the apical region; and in the bar-clip system, there was a greater concentration of colored fringes in the regions between the implants and cervical area. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the retention systems produced different stress distribution characteristics that, in general, were concentrated in the area around the implants, and the highest concentration of fringes, in increasing order, occurred in the retention systems of the magnets, O'ring, and bar-clip.

The technique presented in this article presents a protocol for treatment that reduces the time required for the fabrication and placement of an implant supported prosthesis. It also offers improved patient comfort at a lower cost when compared to conventional technology.

The aim of this research was to assess, by means of, the bi-dimensional finite element method, the best implant location in the alveolar edge, through stress distribution and support structure displacement of a distal extension removable partial denture associated with an osseointegrated implant of 10.0 x .75 mm, acting as abutment for the denture base.Five models in sagittal cut were used to represent: model A-hemi arch containing natural tooth 33 and the distal alveolar edge; model B-similar to model A, but with a conventional removable partial denture to replace the absent teeth; model C (MC)-similar to the previous one, with an implant in the distal region of the edge under the denture base; model D-similar to MC, with the implant in the central region of the edge; model E-similar to MC, with an implant in the mesial region of the edge. With the aid of the finite element program ANSYS 8.0, the models were loaded with strictly vertical forces of 50 N on each cusp tip. Displacement and von Mises Maps were plotted for visualization of results.The introduction of implant diminished the tendency of intrusion of the removable partial denture in all situations. The maximum stress was observed on implant in all situations. Approximating implant in direction of support teeth was benefit for stress distribution.Model D presented the lowest value for maximum tendency to displacement when compared with those found in the other models; model E demonstrated better relief with regard to demand from the abutment tooth; locating the implant near of the abutment tooth influenced positively the distribution of stresses on the analyzed structures.

Aim To evaluate the mechanical behaviour of structurally compromised root filled bovine roots after restoration with accessory glass fibre posts. Methodology Fifty roots of bovine teeth received conventional post preparations with a cervical diameter of 3.5 mm. The roots were assigned to five groups (n = 10): group MP – cast metal post, group GP – glass fibre post and group AGP – glass fibre post plus accessory glass fibre posts. In groups GP-R and AGP-R (similar to groups GP and AGP), 2 mm of coronal tooth structure were left intact. All groups were subjected to an elastic limit assay and tested in an universal machine for fracture resistance. Repeated measures anova were performed to examine differences in fracture resistance; fracture modes were analysed by Fischer’s exact test. Results The mean fracture resistance values (kgf) were 61.8 (MP), 63.1 (GP), 55.5 (AGP), 56 (GP-R) and (53.1) AGP-R. No statistically significant difference was found between groups. The Fisher’s exact test indicated significant differences (P

The use of craniofacial implants is an effective treatment for patients with deformities, burns, and cancer sequelae. The sites with the most successful implants are the auricular, nasal, and orbital regions. Furthermore, other factors can affect the implant longevity such as irradiated area, surgical technique, bone quality and quantity, macrostructure and microstructure of the implant, maintenance, and systemic factors.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:58:27Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:58:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:54:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1998-10-01 A pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar as forças de mordida de 73 indivíduos, por meio de um gnatodinamômetro. Os pacientes eram portadores de próteses parciais removíveis inferiores classes I, II ou III. A arcada antagonista era prótese, parcial removível ou fixa, ou total. Os resultados permitiram concluir que: as selas de extremidade livre, principalmente em suas posições extremas, conduziram a forças de mordida muito baixas; o envolvimento de prótese total, também, conduziu a forças de mordida baixas; o sexo masculino alcançou valores maiores que o feminino; com prótese parcial removível classe III, os dentes naturais molares e pré-molares desenvolveram valores maiores do que com classes I e II. The purpose of this study was to determine the biting forces of individuals wearing classes I, II or III partially removable mandibular dentures. Upper jaws presented fixed bridges, classes I, II or III partially removable dentures, or complete dentures. Measurements of biting forces were obtained by a gnathodynamometer. The conclusions were: classes I and II presented low biting forces, specially far from the last abutment tooth; when the opposite arcade was a complete denture, biting forces were low; males presented higher biting forces than females; natural molars and bicuspids presented higher biting forces with class III than with classes I or II. UNESP USP UNESP

The use of photoelastic analysis contributes to the rehabilitation of patients with oral-sinus-nasal seque- lae, which in turn affect important functions such as chewing, swallowing, and speech. The prosthetic rehabilitation with implant-retained dentures is a suitable treatment option. The purpose of this study was to verify, by using a photoelastic analysis, the stress distribution in implant-retained palatal obturator dentures (relined or not) associated with different attachment systems (O-ring, bar-clip, and bar-clip associated with distally placed O-rings). Two photoelastic models were obtained from an experimental maxillary cast presenting an oral-nasal communication. One model had two 13-mm length implants placed on the left region. A total of eight colorless maxillary obturators were fabricated and subsequently four of them were relined with soft silicone soft, and three had attachment systems associated. The assembly (model/attachment system/prosthesis) was positioned in a circular polariscope and a 100-N load was applied at 10 mm∕s. The results showed that the denture relining influenced the distribution and amount of stress on the models. The O-ring group displayed the lowest stress levels, followed by bar-clip system associated with distally placed O-rings and bar-clip groups. © 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution of different retention systems (screwed or cemented) associated with different prosthetic connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper) in 3-unit implant-supported fixed partial dentures through photoelasticity. Six models were fabricated with photoelastic resin PL-2, and each model contained two implants of 4.0 × 10.0 mm. The models presented different retention systems (screwed and cemented) and different connections (external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper). The prostheses were standardized and fabricated in Ni-Cr alloy. A circular polariscope was used and axial and oblique (45°) loads of 100 N were applied in a universal testing machine. The results were photographed and analyzed qualitatively with a graphic software (Adobe Photoshop). The screwed retention system exhibited higher number of fringes for both axial and oblique loadings. The internal hexagon implant presented better and lower stress distribution for both cemented and screwed prostheses. The oblique loading increased the number of fringes in all models tested. The cemented retention system presented better stress distribution. The internal hexagon implant was more favorable according to the biomechanical standpoint. The oblique load increased stress in all systems and connections tested.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-12T17:27:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-11-12T17:35:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-25772016000300171.pdf: 1626128 bytes, checksum: 14d46e0cd593abaee84333e358a143c2 (MD5) ResumoIntrodução O comportamento biomecânico de dentes tratados endodonticamente é variável conforme o material restaurador selecionado e situação do dente a ser restaurado.Objetivo Analisar por meio do método dos elementos finitos bidimensional o comportamento biomecânico de diferentes retentores intrarradiculares e diâmetros em dentes com 2mm de remanescente coronário.Material e método Foram confeccionados seis modelos com três tipo de retentores: pino de fibra de vidro, pino de fibra de carbono e núcleo metálico fundido, ambos com diâmetro #1 (1,1mm de diâmetro) e #2 (1,3mm de diâmetro). A modelagem foi realizada através do programa Rhinoceros 4.0, e em seguida nos programas FEMAP 10.2 e NeiNastran 9.2 para desenvolvimento d os modelos de elementos finitos. Nos carregamentos foram utilizadas forças de 100N axial e oblíquo. Os resultados foram visualizados pelo mapa de tensão von Mises, e pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e pós-teste Tukey, com nível de significância à 5%.Resultado O carregamento oblíquo apresentou maiores valores de tensões (p

A ausência de adaptação passiva em prótese sobre implantes pode sobrecarregar implantes, componentes protéticos e tecido ósseo, levando à perda óssea marginal e até da osseointegração. A soldagem é utilizada com frequência para melhorar o assentamento de estruturas metálicas de próteses em geral e de próteses sobre implantes. Além disso, a precisão no assentamento da peça protética pode estar relacionada com os cuidados na técnica de confecção da mesma. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de microscopia óptica e confocal a laser, a adaptação marginal de barras metálicas tipo protocolo de Branemark, de ligas de niquel-cromo (NiCr) em monobloco e soldadas, confeccionadas a partir de enceramento convencional. Para isso, foi confeccionado um modelo mestre, simulando quatro implantes sobre o qual foram adaptados transferentes e análogos que serviram para transferir a posição dos implantes para o modelo de gesso. Os enceramentos obtidos pelo método convencional foram fundidos em monobloco e em partes separadas (seccionados), sendo os últimos, posteriormente soldados utilizando as técnicas convencional a maçarico e TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). As leituras da adaptação da barra em cada implante foram feitas nas peças em monobloco (n=5) e nas peças seccionadas (n=10), antes e após as diferentes técnicas de soldagem. Pelo método de medição de microscopia óptica, foram realizadas as medições em duas regiões pré-determinadas ( Vestibular e Lingual ), com três repetições, totalizando 6 leituras por implante. Já no método de microscopia Confocal a laser, foi realizada somente na Vestibular. Para comparar os dados obtidos quanto ao desajuste marginal entre componente protético/implante, considerando-se as peças em monobloco, as peças soldadas, as técnicas de soldagem (maçarico e TIG), os métodos de medição e a posição dos implantes, foram realizados testes estatísticos, onde para cada uma das análises realizadas foi determinada a aplicação do Teste de Normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk ou Kolmogorov-Smirnov (alfa = 5%)) para determinação da distribuição da amostra. Para a amostra com distribuição normal foi determinada a utilização do teste paramétrico, Análise de Variância, enquanto que a amostra com distribuição não normal, determinou-se a utilização do teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis. Os resultados encontrados foram estatisticamente significantes para comparação método e técnica, sugerindo que as peças em monobloco apresentaram maior desadaptação que as peças soldadas, e que as peças soldadas pela técnica convencional não apresentaram diferença estatística, em relação as soldadas pela técnica TIG. Em relação a comparação dos métodos de medição, houve diferença estaticamente significante, onde a microscopia Confocal a laser obteve os maiores valores de desadaptação. A interação técnica e método não houve diferenças estatísticas. Na comparação de diferentes secções e soldada, para os 2 métodos de medição, em relação ao fator Secção, não houve diferença significante onde 3 secções apresentam os menores resultados e as soldadas tiveram igualdade em relação a 1 secção. Pelo fator Técnica houve diferença estatisticamente significante, onde a técnica convencional obteve as maiores médias. A interação Secção e Técnica, não teve efeito significante. A adaptação marginal da peça em relação a posição do implante na arcada, não houve diferença estatística, para ambos os métodos. Houve diferença apenas no fator Técnica, pela microscopia óptica, onde a Monobloco teve os maiores resultados e a Solda Convencional e TIG, tiveram igualdade nos resultados. A investigação de sistemas de confecção de estruturas da prótese e de técnicas de soldagem é importante na busca pela produção de próteses sobre dente ou sobre implante com precisão no ajuste marginal que possa ser comprovado visual e numericamente utilizando-se recursos tecnológicos que assegurem a utilização clínica das peças protéticas. The lack of passive adaptation in prosthesis over implant can overload implants, prosthetics components and bone tissue, leading to marginal bone loss and even osseointegration. Weldering is used frequently to improve the settlement of metal structures of prosthetic in general and prosthesis over implants. In addition, the settlement precision of the workpiece may be related to the care in the technique of manufacturing the same. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through optical and confocal Laser microscopy, the marginal adaptation of metal bars Branemark protocol type alloy nickel-chromium (NiCr) monoblock and welded, made from conventional waxing .For this, a master model was made to simulate four implants were adapted over which transferents and analogs that served to transfer the position of the implants for the cast model. Waxing obtained by the conventional method were cast in one-piece and separate parts (sectioned), the latter being subsequently welded using the conventional techniques blowtorch and TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas).The bar adjustment of readings in each implant were made in monoblock pieces (n = 5) and the severed pieces (n = 10) before and after different weldering techniques. By optical microscopy measurement method, measurements were performed in two predetermined regions (Vestibular and lingual), with three replications, totaling 6 readings per implant. However in the methodology of Confocal laser microscope, was done only on Vestibular. To compare the data obtained on the misfit between prosthetic/implant component, considering the pieces monoblock, the welded parts, the weldering techniques (torch and TIG), measurement methods and the position of the implants, tests were performed statistical where for each of the analyzes determined the application of Normality Test (Shapiro-Wilk test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (alpha = 5%)) to determine the distribution of the sample. For the sample of normal distribution was determined using the parametric test, analysis of variance, while the sample with non-normal distribution was determined using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The results found were statistically significant for method and technique comparison, suggesting that the monoblock parts showed higher misfit than welded parts, and the parts welded by conventional technique showed no statistical difference in relation welded by TIG technique. Regarding the comparison of measurement methods, there was no statistically significant difference, where the Laser Confocal microscopy obtained the greatest misfit. The technical interaction and method there were no statistical differences. When comparing different sections and welded to the two measurement methods, in relation to Section factor, there was no significant difference where 3 sections have the lowest results and welded had equality with 1 section. The technical factor was no statistically significant difference, the conventional technique had the highest averages. The interaction and Technical Section had no significant effect. The marginal adaptation of the play in relation to the implant in the arch position, there was no statistical difference for both methods. There was a difference only in the technical factor, by optical microscopy, where Monoblock had the greatest results and Conventional Welding and TIG, had equality in results. The research of making the prosthesis structures systems and weldering techniques is important in the search for production of prosthetic tooth or on precisely implant the marginal adjustment that can be verified visually and numerically using technological resources to ensure clinical use of prosthetic pieces.

O desajuste de copings obtidos por fundição por cera perdida está sujeita à vários fatores tais como: contração de fundição do metal, expansão do revestimento, uso de espaçadores, entre outros. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o desajuste marginal pré e pós cimentação de copings obtidos com três ligas de metais básicos - Ni-Cr-Be (VB), Ni-Cr (V2) e Co-Cr (KE) fundidos a partir de dois revestimentos - Termocast (TE) e Microfine (MI) e Titânio comercialmente puro (TR) fundido com dois revestimentos - Rematitan Plus (RP) e Rematitan Ultra (RU), nas condições E0, sem espaçador, E1, com uma camada de espaçador e E2, com duas camadas de espaçador. A partir de uma matriz metálica, foram obtidos 240 copings, sendo 10 para cada combinação metal-revestimento-espaçador. Foi utilizado Microscópio Óptico para determinação do desajuste nas condições pré e pós cimentação, efetuada com cimento de fosfato de zinco. Foi realizado teste de tração pós cimentação para determinação da carga de remoção dos copings da combinação KE-MI. Foram realizados ensaios dilatométricos para a definição dos coeficientes de expansão térmico linear dos metais e dos revestimentos, determinação da expansão de presa dos revestimentos, além de ensaio para determinação da variação dimensional das fundições e análises de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os dados de desajuste marginal foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes Anova e Student-Newman-Keulsa que revelaram significância estatística (0,05) para os fatores isolados. Para os metais, os valores de desajuste (μm) foram V2 (85) = VB (89) < KE (119) < TR (171) e para os revestimentos, MI (68) < TE (128) < RP (153) < RU (188). Para o espaçador os desajustes foram E2 (76) < E1 (125) < E0 (147). Os menores valores de desajuste pós cimentação foram obtidos pelas combinações: VB-MI-E2 (44), V2-MI-E2 (47), VB-MI-E1 (52), VB-MI-E0 (55), TR-RU-E2 (67), V2-MI-E1(70), V2-TE-E2 (77), V2-MI-E0 (86), VB-TE-E2 (103), todas as demais combinações tiveram valores acima de 120 μm, adotado como referência clinicamente aceitável. Houve diferença significante para as cargas de remoção entre as condições E2 (49 Kgf) < E1 (74 Kgf) < E0 (102 Kgf). Os valores de expansão de presa foram: TE (1,05%), MI (0,88%), RP (0,19%) e RU (0,02%). Para o ensaio dilatométrico, os valores de contração dos metais foram: KE (0,270%), V2 (0,262%), VB (0,256%) e TR (0,160%). Para os revestimentos, houve diferença significante, entre MI (0,74%) e RU (-1,63%). A análise da variação dimensional revelou diferença significante para os metais: V2 (0,08%) ≥ VB (-0,12%) ≥ KE (-0,21%) ≥ R (-0,85%) e para os revestimentos: MI (0,09%) > TE (-0,26%) = RP (-0,50%) > RU (-1,19%). Os revestimentos MI e RU apresentaram micro estrutura mais refinada, contendo cristais mais homogêneos e menos porosidade que os revestimentos RP e TE. Com base nos dados analisados, é válido afirmar que, embora a utilização de revestimentos com boas propriedades dilatométricas facilite a confecção de copings com ajuste marginal adequado, a utilização de espaçadores pode ser indispensável para obtenção de resultados clínicos satisfatórios. The marginal fit of copings made by lost-wax casting are subject to different variation factors, such as contraction of molten metal, investment thermal expansion, die spacer use and others. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of copings before and after cementation, obtained with three basic alloys - Ni-Cr-Be (VB), Ni-Cr (V2) and Co-Cr (KE), melted with two investments - Termocast (TE) and Microfine (MI) - and commercially pure titanium (TR) melted with Rematitan Plus (RP) and Rematitan Ultra (RU), in the conditions: E0 (without die spacer), E1 (one die spacer layer) and E2 (two die spacer layers). From a metal matrix, 240 copings were obtained, 10 for each combination metal-investment-spacer. An optical microscope was used to determine the misfit before and after the cementation with zinc phosphate cement. A tensile strength test was carried out after the cementation in order to determine the remotion load. Dilatometric tests were used to calculate the linear thermal expansion coefficients of metals and investments, to determine the setting expansion of the investments and to determine the dimensional variation as well. After the tests, the data were analyzed statistically. The analysis of variance for the marginal adaptation showed statistical significance (0.05) for all variation factors. For the metals, the misfit, in μm, was: V2 (85) = VB (89) < KE (119) < TR (171); and for investments, MI (68) < TE (128) < RP (153) < RU (188). The misfit for factor die spacer was: E2 (76) < E1 (125) < E0 (147). Having accepted the value of 120 μm as a reference limit of clinically acceptable results, the lowest misfit values for different combinations after cementation were: VB-MI-E2 (44), V2-MI-E2 (47), VB-MI-E1 (52), VB-MI-E0 (55), RU-TR-E2 (67 μm), V2-MI-E1 (70), E2-V2-TE (77), V2-MI-E0 (86), VB-TE-E2 (103). All the other combinations had values above 120 μm. There was a significant difference for tensile strength under the conditions E2 (49 Kgf), E1 (74 Kgf) and E0 (102 kgf). The setting expansion values were: TE (1.05%), MI (0.88%), RP (0.19%) and RU (0.02%). According to the dilatometer test, the values of contraction for the metals were: KE (0.27%), V2 (0.262%), VB (0.256%) and TR (0.16%), and for the investments: MI (0.74%) and RU (-1.63%). The analysis of variance revealed significant differences for metals dimensional variation: V2 (0.08%) ≥ VB (-0.12%) ≥ KE (-0.21%) ≥ TR (-0.85%) and investments: MI (0.09%) > TE (-0.26%) = RP (-0.50%) > RU (-1.19%). In conclusion, the use of investments with good dilatometric properties improves the marginal fit of the copings, but the die spacer use may be essential for obtaining satisfactory clinical results.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro as tensões transmitidas às estruturas de suporte, por meio da associação dos métodos fotoelásticos e elementos finitos, decorrentes da aplicação de forças sobre overdentures retidas em implantes com sistema de encaixe barraclipe, particularmente quando duas posições dos implantes são simuladas. Assim, dois modelos fotoelásticos de mandíbulas foram confeccionados, com dois implantes cada um, posicionados na região interforaminal a 22 mm de distância: modelo 1, denominado AFIP, modelo fotoelástico com implantes paralelos e orientados verticalmente; e modelo 2, denominado AFII, modelo fotoelástico com implantes angulados 10º em relação à linha média da mandíbula. Sobre os implantes, em cada modelo, foi posicionada uma prótese tipo overdenture, com sistema de retenção barra-clipe. Para simulação da mucosa, foi interposta entre a base da prótese e o rebordo residual uma camada de 2 mm de silicone. Este mesmo modelo foi representado para uma análise tridimensional (3D) de elementos finitos. As estruturas foram consideradas homogêneas, isotrópicas e lineares, além de serem atribuídas as correspondentes propriedades mecânicas para cada uma delas. Foram simuladas quatro mandíbulas de elementos finitos, sendo modelo 1, denominado EFRIP, com implantes paralelos; modelo 2, denominado EFRII, com implantes angulados em 10º, ambos modelos (1 e 2) simulando o modelo mandibular de resina fotoelástica; modelo 3, denominado EFOIP, com implantes paralelos; e modelo 4, denominado EFOII, com implantes angulados em 10º, ambos os modelos (3 e 4), simulando os ossos cortical e trabecular. Foram aplicadas cargas de 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 3 bar no método fotoelástico e 0,1 MPa no método de elementos finitos e em seguida as imagens foram fotografadas e analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que: não houve semelhança entre as áreas de tensão dos modelos de resina fotoelástica, quando avaliada a angulação dos implantes (modelo 1 AFIP - e modelo 2 AFII). Houve semelhança entre as áreas de tensão nos modelos de elementos finitos com mandíbula em resina (modelo 1 EFRIP - e modelo 2 EFRII), tendo ocorrido o mesmo entre os modelos de elementos finitos com simulação de osso (modelo 3 - EFOIP - e modelo 4 EFOII) quando avaliada a inclinação dos implantes. Quando comparados os diferentes modelos com a mesma angulação de implante, observou-se que houve semelhança na distribuição das áreas de tensão entre os modelos 1 (AFIP e EFRIP), com uma alta concentração de tensão nos ápices dos implantes. Porém, não houve relação entre os modelos de implantes inclinados, modelos 2 (AFII e EFRII). Da mesma forma, não houve relação entre os modelos de análise fotoelástica e elementos finitos com simulação de mandíbula em resina, independentemente da angulação dos implantes, comparado os modelos de elementos finitos com simulação de osso. Frente às limitações do presente trabalho, concluiu-se que a associação dos métodos de análise fotoelástica e de elementos finitos é de grande valia para a obtenção de informação em relação à biomecânica referente a esse tipo de prótese e sistema de retenção. Além disso, houve semelhança nas áreas de concentração de tensão, quando comparado os modelos de análise fotoelástica e de elementos finitos, quando as propriedades mecânicas inseridas no modelo de elementos finitos foram compatíveis com o modelo fotoelástico, pois, quando o modelo de elementos finitos simulou uma mandíbula com diferenciação entre osso cortical e medular, as áreas de concentração de tensão sofreram alterações. The objective of this study was to appraise in vitro the load transmission in bar-clip retention system for overdenture when two implant positions are simulated, using for this purpose the association of photoelastic analysis and finite elements techniques. Therefore, two photoelastic mandible were manufactured with two implants each one, positioned in interforaminal region within 22 mm of distance: (i) model 1, named AFIP, photoelastic model with parallel and vertically oriented implants; and (ii) model 2, named AFII, photoelastic model with 10º angled implants in relation to mandible midline. A bar-clip retention system and an overdenture were fixed over both implants. To simulate oral mucosa were added a 2 mm silicon layer between overdenture prosthesis and photoelastic mandible. This same model was submitted to finite elements analysis in 3D, being attributed the correspondent mechanic properties to each structure analyzed and also being considered homogenous, isotropic and linear characteristics. Four finite elements mandible were simulated, (i) one with parallel implants and (ii) other with 10º angled implants, simulating photoelastic resin in mandible (models 1 and 2, named EFRIP and EFRII respectively); and a another couple of mandibles also with (iii) parallel and (iv) 10º angled implants, simulating cortical and cancellous bones in mandible (models 3 and 4, named EFOIP and EFOII respectively). 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 and 3.0 bars loads were applied and correspondent images were analyzed. Results evidenced that there is no similarity in loaded areas between photoelastic resin models, when the implant angle is appraised in models 1 and 2 (AFIP and AFII). Notwithstanding, there are similarity between loaded areas in finite elements model with resin mandible, models 1 and 2 (EFRIP and EFRII), and the same have occurred with finite elements models with bone simulation, models 3 and 4 (EFOIP and EFOII), when appraised implant inclination. When different models are compared with the same implant angulations, was noted that there was similarity in the distribution of loaded areas between models 1 (AFIP and EFRIP), with high concentration of tension forces at the implant apex. Nevertheless, there was no relation between inclined models 2 (AFII and EFRII). At the same direction, there was no relation between photoelastic analysis and finite elements with resin model, with no influence of implant angulations, with finite element models with bone simulation. Considering the limitations of this study, it was concluded that association of photoelastic analysis and finite elements has a high potential value for obtaining information concerning the biomechanics of this kind of prosthesis and retention system; furthermore, there was similarity in areas where loads were applied, when compared photoelastic and finite elements models, provided that finite elements mechanic properties are compatible with photoelastic model, since concentration areas of tension forces suffer changes when finite elements model simulates a mandible with cortical and cancellous bones differentiation.