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Cada vegada amb més freqüència, s’està observant l’impacte sobre l’ésser humà i el medi ambient que provoquen les substàncies nocives, com ara l’ozó troposfèric o les partícules en suspensió, generades sobretot de forma antropogènica. Aquest impacte és superior en zones urbanes o industrials, ja que hi ha més circulació de vehicles i processos industrials que generen gasos nocius. En quantitats raonables, no presenten cap problema, vist que també poden ser formats de forma natural. La qüestió és que s’estan produint més ràpidament del que la terra és capaç d’afrontar. A més, la majoria de la població no és conscient de la gravetat que pot suposar l’exposició a aquests gasos, atès que es parla molt del diòxid de carboni, però la resta de contaminants no tenen tanta repercussió mediàtica i poden ser molt més perillosos en concentracions molt més baixes. Així doncs, el present projecte busca informar dels possibles efectes que pot generar cada gas i adquirir dades reals de les concentracions a la zona de mesura a partir d’un prototip. Amb l’objectiu d’aconseguir que la població pugui ser conscient del perill al qual pot estar exposada. Explicación de los efectos sobre la persona y el medio ambiente de los gases CO2, CO, O3, NOx, SOx y partículas de 2,5 y 10 micras. Medición de las concentraciones de estos gases a través de un prototipo funcional que envia datos a una base de datos para posteriormente ser tratadas y mostradas en una página web. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles::11.6 - Per a 2030, reduir l’impacte ambiental negatiu per capita de les ciutats, amb especial atenció a la qualitat de l’aire, així com a la gestió dels residus municipals i d’altre tipus

Internet stvari označava mrežnu infrastrukturu fizičkih stvari s senzorima koji komuniciraju i razmjenjuju podatke s ostalim uređajima i sustavima na Internetu. Internet stvari zahtjeva da se entiteti u komunikaciji zaštite od brojnih sigurnosnih ranjivosti. Ovaj rad daje uvid u sigurnosne zahtjeve pri komunikaciji uređaja u Internetu stvari, koje su ranjivosti protokola MQTT i kako ih možemo ukloniti. Opisani su standardni protokoli SSL i TLS kojima štitimo tajnost mrežnog prometa te OAuth 2.0 standard za online autorizaciju. U praktičnom dijelu rada demonstrirana je implementacija navedenih sigurnosnih poboljšanja na studijskom primjeru pametne brave. Prikazano je kako osigurati komunikaciju između klijenata i brokera, gdje su u ovom primjeru klijenti iOS aplikacija i mikrokontroler ESP8266, a broker je Node JS aplikacija koja koristi Mosca okvir kako bi ostvarila funkcionalnosti MQTT brokera. The Internet of Things refers to the network infrastructure of physical things with sensors that communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems on the Internet. Internet of Things requires that entities in communication are protected from a number of security vulnerabilities. This thesis provides insight into the security requirements of devices who are a part of communication in Internet of Things, what are the vulnerabilities of MQTT protocol, and how we can remove them. Thesis also describes standard protocols SSL and TLS that are used to protect the privacy of network traffic, as well as the OAuth 2.0 standard for online authorization. The practical part of this thesis demonstrates the implementation of the mentioned security improvements on the study example of a smart lock. It is shown how to ensure communication between clients and brokers, where in this example the clients are an iOS application and ESP8266 microcontroller, and broker is Node JS application that uses Mosca framework to achieve MQTT broker functionalities.

Cold storage is deemed one of the main elements in food safety management to maintain food quality. The temperature, relative humidity (RH), and air quality in cold storage rooms (CSRs) should be carefully controlled to ensure food quality and safety during cold storage. In addition, the components of CSR are exposed to risks caused by the electric current, high temperature surrounding the compressor of the condensing unit, snow and ice accumulation on the evaporator coils, and refrigerant gas leakage. These parameters affect the stored product quality, and the real-time sending of warnings is very important for early preemptive actionability against the risks that may cause damage to the components of the cold storage rooms. The IoT-based control (IoT-BC) with multipurpose sensors in food technologies presents solutions for postharvest quality management of fruits during cold storage. Therefore, this study aimed to design and evaluate a IoT-BC system to remotely control, risk alert, and monitor the microclimate parameters, i.e., RH, temperature, CO2, C2H4, and light and some operating parameters, i.e., the temperature of the refrigeration compressor, the electrical current, and the energy consumption for a modified CSR (MCSR). In addition, the impacts of the designed IoT-BC system on date fruit quality during cold storage were investigated compared with a traditional CSR (TCSR) as a case study. The results showed that the designed IoT-BC system precisely controlled the MCSR, provided reliable data about the interior microclimate atmosphere, applied electrical current and energy consumption of the MCSR, and sent the necessary alerts in case of an emergency based on real-time data analytics. There was no significant effect of the storage time on the most important quality attributes for stored date fruit in the MCSR compared with the TCSR. As a result, the MCSR maintained high-quality attributes of date fruits during cold storage. Based on the positive impact of the designed IoT-BC system on the MCSR and stored fruit quality, this modification seems quite suitable for remotely managing cold storage facilities.

The combination of Electrical Engineering (EE) and Information Technology (IT) has played a significant role in developing several aspects in academic and professional sectors such as student or employee monitoring. It is a critical subject to track and to manage employee attendance in work places urging employees to attend on time to increase efficiency of work, so is at schools or colleges for students. Hence, an attendance system can be useful to reduce administrative complexity and cost. The conventional pen-paper based attendance system is not absolutely flawless. In this paper we have designed an attendance system using RFID and Wi-Fi Module. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an extensive application to yield maximum advantage of this technology with minimal effort for management and attendance monitoring. But it is hard to keep track of every individual only through monitoring. At such times we need an online solution. We have used Node MCU for this purpose. It is a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi network solution that can carry software applications as a stand-alone device or connected with a microcontroller.

IoT technology is gaining more and more popularity in practice, as it collects, processes, evaluates and stores important measured data. The IoT is used every day in the work, in the home or smart houses or in public areas. It realizes the connectivity between real world and digital world which means, that it converts physical quantities of the real world in the form of analog signals into digital numbers stored in clauds. It is essential that students gain practical experience in the design and implementation of the IoT systems during their studies. The article first describes IoT issues and communication protocols used in IoT generally are closer described. Then the design and implementation of an educational model of IoT system - Weather station with the ThingSpeak cloud support is described. The created IoT model interconnects microcontroller programming, sensors and measuring, cloud API interfaces, MATLAB scripts which are useful to analyses the stored data, Windows and Android application developing.

Negli ultimi anni il tema del cambiamento climatico e delle sue conseguenze �� sempre pi�� presente nelle menti della popolazione; secondo gli esperti �� fondamentale che tutti i settori produttivi si impegnino sin da subito ad utilizzare energie rinnovabili e a creare nuovi metodi produttivi in modo da ridurre le emissioni. Per fare questo si prevede un ampio utilizzo della tecnologia, in particolare dell���Internet of Things. Il campo dell���agricoltura �� uno dei settori pionieri da questo punto di vista; �� ormai da diverso tempo che la tecnologia �� utilizzata come supporto alla produzione, il principale problema �� il suo elevato costo che la rende accessibile solo ad aziende di grandi dimensioni. In questo articolo si propone la creazione di una Smart Box IoT la cui finalit�� principale �� la raccolta di dati sulla qualit�� dell���ambiente circostante e il rilevamento di eventauali dati anomali tramite un modello di Machine Learning.

Questo progetto prevede la realizzazione di un dispositivo per il controllo della temperatura in una teca per rettili. Lo scopo è quello di tenere la temperatura della teca in un range stabilito utilizzando un tappetino riscaldante attivabile mediante un relay. Il componente principale del circuito èil modulo WeMos D1 Mini basato su ESP8266. Esso monitora le temperature tramite due sonde con sensore DS18B20. I valori possono essere visualizzati su di un display installato localmente o su una pagina web servita in rete locale. I dati sono inviati a un database in cloud: InfluxDB

Una stazione di monitoraggio della qualitàdell’aria tramite il rilevamento del livello di polveri sottili e dei fondamentali parametri meteorologici come temperatura, pressione e umidità, è realizzabile a costi relativamente contenuti. L’accessibilitàdi microcontrollori e sensori, il software Open Source e l’ampia disponibilitàdi servizi in cloud per il trattamento dei dati agevolano lo sviluppo di applicazioni per l’Internet of Things come quella qui presentata. I componenti principali di questo progetto sono costituiti dal microcontrollore ESP8266 e dal rilevatore di particelle sottili Sensirion SPS30. Completano la configurazione i sensori di umiditàe temperatura DHT11 e il sensore barometrico BMP180. Nel documento vengono brevemente illustrate le caratteristiche generali di ciascun sensore. Segue una breve descrizione della progettazione hardware e delle soluzioni adottate nella realizzazione del prototipo. L’implementazione del software, per quanto riguarda il firmware, èstata preceduta da un lavoro di attenta valutazione e scelta delle librerie da utilizzare, per poi procedere agevolmente. Per la parte di progetto relativa all’analisi dei dati, si èfatto ampio uso del linguaggio Flux. In questa sede sono state studiate le correlazioni tra i vari parametri misurati; la distribuzione del particolato, sia per dimensione che per massa; i valori massimo, medio e minimo per la concentrazione per massa, aggregati per giorno e per l’intero periodo di osservazione. Dispositivi di questo tipo possono essere utili per un monitoraggio capillare del territorio e di conseguenza coadiuvare la riduzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico.

In this paper, we report a smart street lighting control system using the ESP8266 which is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. Our system is equipped with a web server developed in HTML code. Hence, our smart street lighting system can be controlled wirelessly to turn ON or turn OFF, and it can be monitored its environmental condition (i.e., temperature and humidity around the system). All sensors used in this system are pure digitally-outputted sensor: DHT11 to monitor the ambient temperature and humidity and BH1750 to adjust the street light intensity automatically. The dimming technique was applied in the control system by using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The system was divided into two main parts: Gateway and Node in which these two parts employ the ESP8266. The Gateway as a coordinator will send a message to the node as an end device (in this work, the streetlight act as a Node). Later, the node will send the ACK to the Gateway. As results, each node can send a message to other nodes.

Mestrado em IPB-ESTG A Internet das Coisas (IoT) é descrita na rede de objetos físicos, agregados com sensores, software e algumas outras tecnologias com a intenção de conectar e possibilitar a troca de dados com outros dispositivos e sistemas pela Internet. Com o passar do tempo apercebese que a utilização da Internet das Coisas aumenta de uma forma exponencial, visto que é possível conectar com objetos utilizados no dia a dia e também devido as suas inúmeras vantagens, como, por exemplo, melhoria da eficiência energética, redução do custo das instalações e facilidade na utilização entre outros. A IoT procura controlar e integrar ambientes em automações residenciais, áreas agrícolas e não só, visando obter conforto, segurança e economia das residências. Este projeto consiste em desenvolver um sistema de monitoramento e controlo de uma dada área agrícola com uma dimensão consideravelmente grande e constituído com diferentes tipos de produtos agrícolas, baseado no sistema IoT. Para ser mais específico, o projeto foi direcionado ao uso de protocolo Pub/Sub MQTT, com o uso do Mosquitto Broker (uma combinação de um router para fornecer a rede e um Raspberry Pi) o Broker por sua vez possibilita que haja total comunicação entre os clientes dentro da mesma rede. Os clientes utilizados na realização deste projeto foram os microcontroladores ESP32 e ESP8266, também criou-se uma interface (dashboard) no JavaScript para que o utilizador pudesse obter as leituras dos dados e controlar os atuadores. No desenvolvimento deste projeto foi montado um sistema que consegue controlar a iluminação on/off e dimming, controlar a temperatura e fazer a leitura dos dados de temperatura e humidade fornecidos pelo sensor de temperatura e humidade. As is known, the internet of things (IoT) is described in the network of physical objects, which are aggregated with sensors, software and some other technologies with the intention of connecting and enabling the exchange of data with other devices and systems over the internet. Over time, it can be seen that the use of the Internet of Things is increasing exponentially, as it can connect to objects used in everyday life and also due to its numerous advantages, such as , improving energy efficiency, reducing the cost of installations and ease of use, among others. IoT seeks to control and integrate environments in residential automation, agricultural areas and beyond, in order to obtain comfort, safety and economy in homes. This project consists of creating a monitoring and control system for a given agricultural area with a considerably large dimension and consisting of different types of agricultural products, based on the IoT system. To be more specific, the project was directed to the use of the Pub/Sub MQTT protocol, with the use of the Mosquitto Broker (a combination of a router to provide the network and a Raspberry Pi) the Broker in turn allows for total communication communication between clients within the same network. The clients that were used in this project were the ESP32 and ESP8266 microcontrollers, and an interface (dashboard) was also created in JavaScript so that the user could get the data readings and control the actuators. In the construction of this project, a system was built that is capable of controlling the on/off and dimming lighting, controlling the temperature and reading the temperature and humidity data provided by the temperature and humidity sensor.

Jagonino es un sistema de control de nivel de liquido para garrafas de piscina. El trabajo se basa en las premisas de diseñar un dispositivo de pequeño tamaño y bajo consumo. Para conseguirlo se utilizan un módulo con microcontrolador ESP8266 de pequeño tamaño programado con el IDE de Arduino, junto a un sensor de ultrasonidos.Las mediciones se envían a una plataforma IoT via WIFI para que puedan ser procesadas por el dispositivo de alerta, que consta de otro módulo ESP8266 y un LCD para mostrar las alertas por pantalla. El conjunto de medición se integra en un tapón de garrafa diseñado a medida. Jagonino és un sistema de control de nivell de liquido per a garrafes de piscina. El treball es basa en les premisses de dissenyar un dispositiu de petita grandària i baix consum. Per a aconseguir-lo s'utilitzen un mòdul amb microcontrolador ESP8266 de petita grandària programada amb el IDE de Arduino, al costat d'un sensor d'ultrasons. Els mesuraments s'envien a una plataforma IoT via WIFI perquè puguin ser processades pel dispositiu d'alerta, que consta d'un altre mòdul ESP8266 i un LCD per a mostrar les alertes per pantalla. El conjunt de mesurament s'integra en un tap de garrafa dissenyat a mesura. Jagonino is a liquid level control system for swimming pool tanks. The work is based on the premise of designing a small size and low power consumption device. The measurements are sent to an IoT platform via WIFI so that they can be processed by the alert device, which consists of another ESP8266 module and an LCD to display the alerts on the screen. The measurement assembly is integrated into a custom-designed decanter cap.

Este proyecto ha tenido como objetivo principal la implementación de un mecanismo que tiene la finalidad de hacer elevar una boya submarina hacia la superficie. Consiste en dos partes, hardware y software. En cuanto al hardware, se diseña una pieza que soporta los imanes que elevan o mantienen la boya en reposo bajo el mar. Además, se fabrica un molde para la reproducción de la pieza que contiene la boya en su parte inferior, con un imán en su interior y, por último, se mecaniza un soporte de aluminio el cual eleva la posición del motor dentro de una caja estanca. Por otro lado, en la parte que respecta al software, se crea una aplicación mediante LabVIEW para enviar la trama de movimiento del motor, tanto por comunicación serie como por Wi-Fi. Además, se realiza un programa en Arduino para la recepción de la trama por parte del ESP8266 el cual envía al motor los datos que contiene la trama, como puede ser la velocidad, los pasos o el sentido de giro. The main goal of this project has been the implementation of a mechanism which has the purpose of raising an underwater buoy to the surface. It consists of two parts, hardware, and software. About the hardware, a 3D piece has been designed to contain the magnets which they will raise or will keep the buoy under the sea. Moreover, a mold has been built to reproduce the below piece of the buoy that will have a magnet inside it. Finally, it has been mechanized and aluminium holder to raise the motor position inside an airtight box. On the other side, in the software part, an application will be created by LabVIEW to send the movement plot of the engine, by both options, serial and Wi-Fi. Furthermore, it will be made by Arduino a program for the reception of this plot for the ESP8266 part, which will send all data to the engine, like speed, steps, or direction.

En aquest projecte, es desenvolupa un sistema de monitorització de dades per bancs de prova amb portes automàtiques. Un microcontrolador ESP8266 s’encarrega de recollir i enviar la informació dels sensors connectats (entre ells, un encòder lineal dissenyat al projecte) i alguna entrada de sistema (com ara un botó d’emergència) per WiFi a una base de dades SQL. Un dels objectius del projecte és crear un espai web des d’on l’usuari pugui consultar les dades en directe, descarregar dades del test durant un període específic, establir límits de funcionament i permetre missatges d’alarma quan les dades estan fora dels límits. La web visualitza els bancs en tot moment gràcies a una càmera IP i, a més a més, permet l’activació o la parada dels bancs remotament. La darrera fase del projecte és el prototipat de dues plaques de circuit imprès necessàries per muntar els sensors, els connectors i els microcontroladors emprats. En este proyecto, se desarrolla un sistema de monitorización de datos para bancos de ensayo con puertas automáticas. Un microcontrolador ESP8266 se encarga de recoger y enviar la información de los sensores conectados (entre ellos, un encoder lineal diseñado en el proyecto) y alguna entrada (por ejemplo, un botón de emergencia) por medio de WiFi a una base de datos SQL. Uno de los objetivos del proyecto es crear un sitio web donde el usuario pueda consultar los datos en directo, descargar datos del test durante un periodo específico, establecer límites de funcionamiento y permitir mensajes de alarma cuando los datos están fuera de los límites. La web muestra los bancos en todo momento gracias a una cámara IP y, además, permite la activación o la parada de los bancos remotamente. La última fase del proyecto es el prototipado de dos placas de circuito impreso necesarias para el montaje de los sensores, los conectores y los microcontroladores. A microcontroller ESP8266 receives data from a few sensors (among them, a linear encoder designed in the project) and other inputs (for instance, an emergency button) and sends it via WiFi to an SQL database. One of the targets is to create a website which allows the user to read latest information, download test data during a specified period, set working limits and configure alerts when the test is out of the limits. The website streams live by means of an IP cam. Furthermore, remote activations are enabled in the website to start up or stop the test. Finally, two PCBs are built for mounting the sensors, the connectors and the microcontrollers used in this project.

En la actualidad numerosas empresas comercializan sistemas domóticos listos para usar, pero con el defecto de ser sistemas externos al hogar donde son instalados, comprometiendo la seguridad de los habitantes del mismo. Para solucionar dicho problema, este trabajo de Fin de Grado desarrolla un sistema domotico completamente funcional dentro de una red. Para ello se han desarrollado un sistema web, un cliente web, y un software para dispositivos basados en el procesador ESP8266, conectando a los dispositivos con el servidor web basado en arquitectura “Api rest”, mediante un servidor MQTT. La arquitectura final del sistema queda consolidada por dos grandes sistemas, el sistema web y el sistema de los dispositivos Iot. El sistema web se encuentra empaquetado usando docker, lo que permitirá un fácil despliegue del mismo, y los dispositivos inteligentes, dispondrán de un software multi-dispositivo, esto es, un mismo software contiene los diferentes tipos de configuraciones existentes en el sistema. Finalmente obtendremos un sistema completo que permitirá a la sociedad disponer de un software domótico privado, gratuito y fácil de instalar y usar.

En la actualidad, se pueden observar los sistemas avanzados de medición y muestreo de estos datos, de los parámetros de un coche, ya sea de competición o no, pero, ¿Qué pasa con los motores alternativos diseñados para aplicaciones amateur, como karts, ultraligeros o incluso vehículos clásicos? El objetivo de este trabajo, será dotar a este tipo de vehículos de un sistema de instrumentación, barato, fiable y adaptable para cada cliente, diseñando un programa de código abierto. Para ello se utilizará un microcontrolador, llamado ESP8266, que será la pieza angular del proyecto, acompañado de los diferentes sensores de automoción necesarios. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten afirmar que por un bajo precio, es posible disponer de una lectura de datos como en los vehículos actuales

In this paper, Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are employed to solve the issue of energy consumption in a case study of an education laboratory. IoT enables deployment of AI approaches to establish smart systems and manage the sensor signals between different equipment based on smart decisions. As a result, this paper introduces the design and investigation of an experimental building management system (BMS)-based IoT approach to monitor status of sensors and control operation of loads to reduce energy consumption. The proposed BMS is built on integration between a programmable logic controller (PLC), a Node MCU ESP8266, and an Arduino Mega 2560 to perform the roles of transferring and processing data as well as decision-making. The system employs a variety of sensors, including a DHT11 sensor, an IR sensor, a smoke sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor. The collected IoT data from temperature sensors are used to build an artificial neural network (ANN) model to forecast the temperature inside the laboratory. The proposed IoT platform is created by the ThingSpeak platform, the Bylink dashboard, and a mobile application. The experimental results show that the experimental BMS can monitor the sensor data and publish the data on different IoT platforms. In addition, the results demonstrate that operation of the air-conditioning, lighting, firefighting, and ventilation systems could be optimally monitored and managed for a smart system with an architectural design. Furthermore, the results prove that the ANN model can perform a distinct temperature forecasting process based on IoT data.

The paper discusses an implementation of an internet-connected monitoring system to optimize waste collection within office space environment. The implementation consists of four parts – the physical dustbin module, network, middleware and user interface. The implementation uses NodeMCU board with embedded microcontroller to sense and transmit waste level data to a middleware over 802.11 wireless network, while the middleware aggregate data from all registered dustbins within the office area. The aggregated data is then stored in a database server for further analysis. The web-based user interface is used to monitor the dustbins waste level as well as historical data report. This information is vital for waste level management planning and prediction. Additionally, a Technology Acceptance Model survey result has shown that the monitoring system is perceived to be easy to use and useful for office management in monitoring and managing their waste.

Kucing adalah salah satu hewan yang sering dipelihara oleh kebanyakan orang. Kucing membutuhkan makanan yang sesuai dengan porsi makan kucing tersebut. Akan tetapi, kebanyakan pemelihara memberikan porsi makan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, sehingga dapat terjadi kelebihan berat badan ataupun kekurangan gizi. Selain itu, pemelihara kesulitan memberi makan kucing jika harus meninggalkan rumah untuk waktu yang cukup lama. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan alat yang dapat membantu dalam melakukan pemberian pakan hewan secara otomatis dengan memanfaatkan internet yang dapat dipantau melalui hp. Metode yang digunakan adalah mini UPS menggunakan baterai rangkaian seri sebagai cadangan jika tegangan listrik 220v padam, sehingga arduino tetap dapat beroperasi. Saat sensor RTC menunjukkan pukul 08.00 dan16.00,sensor beratakan mendeteksi berat pada wadah pakan. Ketika berat wadah pakan

The Internet of Things (IoT) market is currently one of the most dynamically developing branches of technology. The increase in the number of devices and their capabilities make them present in every area of life—from construction to medicine. Due to flourishing industrial automation and wireless connectivity, all devices in buildings can be networked, which significantly improves comfort, energy efficiency, and thus significantly affects the promotion of the idea of sustainable development. This article proposes to build a system to monitor an energy management system by collecting information about temperature, humidity and pressure. The concept of the system is based on the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) communication protocol, a wireless network, an ESP8266 microcontroller and a BME280 sensor. Sensors and actuators are connected to the ESP8266, and a Mosquitto-based MQTT broker is placed on the RPi and set up for remote monitoring and control. An innovative approach to the use of database systems dedicated to time series on the example of InfluxDB and data visualization in the Grafana environment was also presented. The proposed system was built in laboratory conditions in 2022 and used to monitor and control energy consumption in real time, depending on Polish weather conditions.

U ovome diplomskom radu opisana je izrada sustava za upravljanje rasvjetom putem WiFi-a, ručno upravljanje i izrada mobilne aplikacije. Prikazano je kako korištenjem jeftinih komponenti i besplatnim programskim alatima je moguće napraviti ovakav sustav. Iako se u ovom diplomskom radu koriste 8 releja za kontroliranje rasvjete, uz minimalne modifikacije sustava, sustav se može proširiti kako bi se omogućilo kontroliranje vise releja. Također kontrola ovog sustava trenutno se može kontrolirati preko mobilne aplikacije za Android sustav no mogu se napraviti aplikacije i za druge operativne sustave bez mijenjanja trenutnog sustava za upravljanje rasvjetom. This thesis describes the development of lighting control systems via WiFi, manual control and the development of a mobile application. It is shown how it is possible to make such a system by using cost efficient components and free software tools. Although 8 lighting control relays are used in this thesis, with minimal system modifications, the system can be expanded to allow multiple relays to be controlled. Also the control of this system can currently be controlled via a mobile application for the Android system but applications can also be made for other operating systems without changing the current lighting management system.

U ovom radu opisan je proces nadogradnje postava obrnutog njihala zasnovanog na načelu inercijalne sile podsustavom za daljinsko upravljanje i nadzor. Napravljena je kratka analiza sustava njihala te joj je dodan ESP8266 modul kako bi se omogućilo upravljanje sustavom i prikupljanje podataka o sustavu putem interneta. Opisana je implementacija i primjena UART komunikacije koja je temelj razmjene podataka između mikrokontrolera u sustavu njihala i samog Esp8266 mikrokontrolera. Dodatno, korištenjem Blynk platforme izrađena je i odgovarajuća android aplikacija kojom se vrši upravljanje i nadzor. This paper describes the process of upgrading the inverted pendulum setup based on the inertial force principle by a remote control and monitoring subsystem. A brief analysis of the pendulum system was made and an ESP8266 module was added to enable system management and system data collection via the Internet. The implementation and application of UART communication, which is the basis of data exchange between the microcontroller in the pendulum system and the Esp8266 microcontroller itself, is described. In addition, using the Blynk platform, an appropriate android application was created, which is used for management and monitoring.

U sklopu ovog rada objašnjeni su osnovni mehanizmi povezivanja mikrokontrolera s Google Cloud Platformom i izrada web aplikacije koja koristi prikupljene podatke. Prikupljanje podataka je izvedeno pomoću mikrokontrolera ESP8266 i ESP32. Protokol koji je korišten za slanje podataka na Google Cloud Platformu je MQTT. Podaci na Google Cloud Platformi kolaju kroz servise Google Cloud IoT Core, Google Pub/Sub Client, Google Functions i naposljetku se spremaju u Google Firestore bazu podataka. Konzumacija i dinamički prikaz podataka je ostvaren u responzivnoj web aplikaciji koja je napravljena u React biblioteci. Kao poveznica između web aplikacije i baze podataka korišteni su REST pozivi u sklopu Firebase SDK alata specijaliziranog za React aplikacije. The scope of this paper consists of basic principles in connecting a microcontroller with Google Cloud Platform and developing a web application that uses collected data. Collection of data is done via ESP8266 and ESP32 microcontrollers. The protocol that is used to send the data to Google Cloud Platform is MQTT. Data on Google Cloud Platform is ingested with services like Google Cloud IoT Core, Google Pub/Sub Client, Google Functions and stored in the Google Firestore database. Data is then used in responsive web-application that is developed with React framework. The link between the web application and the database is the REST interface that is a part of the Firebase SDK toolset for React applications.

La tecnología de energía solar, fuente de energía natural y gratuita, es implementada en lugares con acceso limitado a la energía eléctrica tradicional, en algunos casos en el ámbito agrícola o en pequeños asentamientos humanos rurales. Actualmente, los sistemas comerciales, incluyen una unidad de control de carga con una pequeña pantalla, con la finalidad de mostrar el voltaje generado, pero desafortunadamente el operario debe de acudir hasta el controlador para revisar su desempeño, por lo que es necesario tener una herramienta que permita conocer la conversión energética en tiempo real de manera remota. Esto se puede lograr haciendo uso de la tecnología del internet de las cosas (IoT). En la actualidad existen diversas plataformas IoT; algunas son gratuitas, otras son versiones demostrativas o de paga. Método: En el presente trabajo se desarrolló un prototipo con un sistema de monitoreo de voltaje e intensidad luminosa de una pequeña celda solar y un sensor digital TSL2561. Se utilizó el entorno de programación de Arduino acoplado a una plataforma (IoT) myDevices Cayenne para poder transmitir y acceder a los datos de manera remota. Resultados: Con la integración de los componentes se logró monitorear en la plataforma myDevices Cayenne en tiempo real el voltaje de la celda solar y la intensidad luminosa del entorno de una manera visual e intuitiva, desde cualquier computadora o teléfono celular con acceso a internet. Discusión: La plataforma de IoT myDevices Cayenne se convierte en una opción atractiva, accesible, robusta y fácil de usar en el desarrollo de proyectos novedosos con IoT aplicados a diferentes sectores de importancia económica.

Every year, the concern revolving around climate change and the damage its doing to the world becomes more and more pressing. A factor contributing to this problem is the increasingly dangerous wildfires which, in recent years, have ravaged areas of California and Australia. As such, both my technical project and STS research paper are involved in the matter of wildfires – just from a different perspective. While the former suggests and tests a novel way to detect wildfires, the latter discusses wildfires from a more social perspective, and how there needs to similarly be social solutions to this problem in order to completely address all the troubles surrounding wildfires. More specifically, my technical capstone proposes a novel way to detect wildfires through an Internet-of-Things network, consisting of low-power embedded modules that periodically record temperature and humidity. The idea behind the technical project was that if we could know the humidity and temperature at any point in an area prone to fire, we might be able to detect the problem before it spreads to uncontrollable magnitude. By having sensing units all over such an area, this system would send information to a centralized source, which would allow for a human or an automated system to bring warning to the concern. After thorough circuit design, Amazon Web Service integration, and embedded programming on a microcontroller, a sensing node was successfully created as a proof-of-concept for a reproducible component, made ready to be a part of a system that cheaply and effectively brings notice to the beginnings of a potential wildfire. My research paper discusses how mitigating wildfires and climate change goes beyond any technical solution. It elaborates on who the actors are within the system that cyclically perpetuates wildfires, and it also describes a general action for change; beyond the contributions of a single individual, there needs to be a greater push to pressure industry actors who have been utilizing fossil fuels and environmentally harmful practices throughout the decades. There must also be a push in pressuring some policy makers, who have been enabling this to happen. Ultimately, if change is wanted, it must be large and it must happen soon. With no urgency and action to stop the trajectory we are on with the increasing frequency of wildfires and our ailing environment, it is only a matter of time that our justifications for contributing to this problem triumphs our ability to reverse it. As both my project and my research have come to a close, I have come to a better understanding of what I can do as an engineer. The world is more than academic mini-projects and short-answer questions, and what I have worked on and what I have studied in my final year at the University of Virginia has opened my eyes to the potential that comes from actually developing a product and researching the implications of a real world problem. Global warming and wildfires are dangerous. There’s a lot of growing innovation to prevent and mitigate it, and there’s also lot history, policy, and causal connections that these problems have as a result of mankind. However, I’m hopeful that with experience to contribute and analyze something beyond the scope of a school project that I – and people like me – are able to change this earth for the better. I learned what goes into a good design process, and the troubles that come with developing a system as technical and as complex as a distributed network. I learned how to perform thorough testing and debug my errors in both hardware and software. I even learned that solving problems is more than circuits and bits, and while humans have made great developments in the domains of technology, I should not underscore the importance and impact of their actions from a social and anthropological perspective. I would like to thank Dr. Harry Powell and Dr. Richard Jacques for aiding me in my technical capstone and research paper, respectively. They provided guidance not only in their fields but also in the way of life. I would also like to thank Shreejan Gupta, Tahmid Kazi, Alec Ross, and Bill Yang – the ‘This ButterBeWorth It’ team – for the camaraderie and fun in our quest to create the IoT wildfire detection system.

Recently, the concept o Internet of Things has gained a tremendous momentum in the technological world. Internet of Things efficienty connects devices hence improving their quality of life from various aspects. One of the most heavily used device for Internet of Things application is ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module. It features access to the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings from the module. In this paper, a characteristic analysis of the Received Signal Strength Indicator readings collected using ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module is carried out. The aim is to explore the future possibilities of Received Signal Strength Indicator value as a stand-alone and unique parameter to be used in various applications especially in the domain of Internet of Things. In addition, the potential of the cheap yet sophisticated ESP8266 WiFi serial transceiver module is also highlighted. The findings have shown an insight into the characteristics of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings and how it can be utilized for other different purposes. The findings have brought up a few stimulating issues that may arise from some implementation of Received Signal Strength Indicator readings such as the significant effect of obstruction in the Line of Sight. However, its solution will thrust the Internet of Things’ technological advancementsahead.

The methods and devices for providing communication between unmanned aerial vehicle and ground control station are analyzed in this paper. In many cases this solution is not optimal. The maximum length of the USB cable limits the distance between the radio modem and the ground control station by five meters. In many cases, this solution is not optimal. The maximum length of the USB cable limits the distance between the radio modem and the ground control station by five meters. It creates discomfort to take out the radio modem on the mast. Bad fixing of the USB cable connector in the corresponding port of the laptop creates an unreliable connection, which often causes a non-qualified transmission of telemetric information. This method of connection allows only a point-to-point connection. At the same time, it is often necessary to simultaneously transmit a telemetry signal to several terrestrial devices. It is proposed to provide this type of communication using a wireless (Wi-Fi) network. The wireless network in this work was used to exchange telemetry signals between the RFD-900 radio modem and the ground station of the unmanned aerial vehicle (installed on the laptop) in full-duplex mode. The transmission of telemetry signals to the Wi-Fi transceiver, built into the laptop, is carried out using the ESP8266-12E module, which is included in the NodeMCU-debug board. The ESP8266-12E module is connected via the UART interface to the output of the radio modem and used as a ground system's wireless signal repeater. To implement such signal transmission in the Delphi 7 IDE was developed a software module based on the TCP/IP protocol. The developed device has the modularity and universality features, which expands the area of its application. For example: video signals wireless transmission (FPV), an applications not associated with remote-controlled aircraft. In addition, the developed device can be used as a wireless server for local Wi-Fi network building. It is planned to modernize the software in the future - it will be added algorithm for working with a file system, it will be developed the software for other operating systems (Linux, Android) etc.

El sector de la restauració és un dels més rellevants al nostre país, suposant més d'un 6% del PIB total en 2019. A pesar que existeixen diferents solucions tecnològiques per a aquest tipus d'establiments, moltes de les accions que es realitzen dins d'un restaurant no estan del tot automatitzades o disten de ser eficients a la pràctica, tant a nivell informàtic com econòmic. D'altra banda, la situació de pandèmia actual per COVID-19 ha repercutit de manera directa en l'economia d'aquest sector, obligant al tancament de milers de restaurants. Basant-nos en aquests indicatius, aquest treball de fi de grau mostra el desenvolupament d'una solució tecnològica que permet als restaurants gestionar d'una forma ràpida i segura les ordres realitzades pels comensals. Això s'aconsegueix a través d'un petit dispositiu que es coloca a cada taula del restaurant i una aplicació que s'instal·la en el telèfon intel·ligent del comensal. The catering sector is one of the most relevant in Spain, assuming more than 6% of total GDP in 2019. In spite of the fact that there are different technological solutions for this kind of business, many of the actions that are carried out within a restaurant are not fully automated or are far from efficient in practice, both at an IT and economic level. However, the current pandemic situation due to COVID-19 has had a direct impact on the economy of this sector, closing down thousands of restaurants. Based on these facts, this final degree project shows the development of a technological solution that allows restaurants to quickly and safely manage the orders made by diners. This is achieved through a small device that is placed on each restaurant's table and an application that is installed on the diner's smartphone.