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Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries introduced temporary visiting restrictions on the relatives of acute care hospital patients, whether or not they were infected with SARS-CoV-2. This affected relatives’ psychological and emotional states and how closely they could be involved in their loved one’s hospitalization. Study Aims: Investigate relatives’ experiences of visiting restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave and of the support offered by Valais Hospital’s healthcare staff. Method: Relatives and patients who had been discharged between February 28 and May 13, 2020, were asked to complete a patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) questionnaire, whether or not they had been infected by SARS-CoV-2. Relatives were asked about how visiting restrictions had affected them, their perceptions of the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the quality of communication concerning their loved ones’ health status during their hospitalization, and the information received from healthcare staff. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. Results: Of 866 PREMs questionnaires returned, 818 were analyzable, and 543 relatives had experienced visiting restrictions to their loved ones: 92 relatives (87%) of COVID-19 patients and 451 relatives (66%) of non-infected patients, with heterogenous effects on their psychological and affective status. Overall, whether or not relatives were subjected to visiting restrictions, they perceived themselves to be well treated, well informed, and that communication with hospital healthcare staff was satisfactory. However, relatives subjected to visiting restrictions reported significantly lower scores on the quality of communication than other relatives. The relatives of patients in gynecology/obstetrics and internal medicine wards were significantly more affected by visiting restrictions than were the relatives of patients in other wards. Numerous relatives subjected to visiting restrictions reported regular communication with their loved ones or with healthcare staff, at least once a day (n = 179), either via videoconferences using FaceTime®, WhatsApp®, Zoom®, or Skype® or via mobile phone text messages. Discussion Visiting restrictions affected relatives differently depending on the wards their loved ones were hospitalized in. Healthcare institutions should investigate the utility of visiting restrictions on patients, how they affect relatives, and how to improve personalized patient–relative communications.

Le site du Moutot à Lavau (Aube), fouillé sur 2 hectares par l’Inrap en 2014-2015, correspond à un complexe funéraire monumental occupé à plusieurs reprises, entre le Hallstatt A1 et la fin de l’Antiquité. Il se caractérise d’abord par sa stratigraphie, obligeant à un décapage délicat et au relevé de grandes longueurs de coupe. La conservation partielle de plusieurs élévations tumulaires a permis l’appréhension des pratiques et de l’architecture funéraires sur le temps long. De manière inattendue, la fouille a permis de documenter une exceptionnelle tombe princière du Ve siècle avant notre ère, dont l’étude a nécessité une adaptation technique et méthodologique constante. Fouille de longue haleine, partagée entre les recherches menées sous abri et sur plateaux mobiles de la tombe du prince et l’examen tous azimuts de son contexte, l’opération de Lavau constitue aujourd’hui un cas unique dans le paysage de la recherche.

In order to improve water and oxygen barrier properties, the surface of two commercial medical grade polyurethane (PU) membranes (Chronoflex® AR-LT and Bionate® II) was modified by a spray deposited film of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH). The influence of the temperature, the deposited layer thickness and the EVOH ethylene group percentage (27%, 32%, and 44% for EVOH27, EVOH32, and EVOH44, respectively) on the barrier properties of the PU/EVOH multilayered membranes was investigated. The increase of the EVOH layer thickness leads to higher oxygen barrier properties (the highest barrier improvement factor of 412 was obtained). However, in case of the deposited layer thickness higher than 18 μm, microcracks appeared on the treated surface promote a significant loss of the barrier effect. Due to its higher crystallinity degree, EVOH27 provides a higher oxygen barrier effect compared to EVOH32 and EVOH44. On the contrary, an increase of the water barrier properties was observed with the increase of the percentage of ethylene groups. Moreover, the delamination of the EVOH layer was noted after water permeation, especially in case of EVOH44, which is the most hydrophobic layer. Nevertheless, significant decrease of the water and oxygen permeability of the modified PU membranes was achieved, thus showing the benefit of using the EVOH spray deposition for the biomedical application, which requires high performance material with flexible and barrier properties.

A better description of airborne transmission routes of viruses that are responsible for nosocomial infections requires efficient and accurate sampling methods that allow the preservation of viral ...

Background: Aneurysm shrinkage has been proposed as a marker of successful endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). We evaluated the impact of sac shrinkage on secondary interventions, on survival and its association with endoleaks, and on compliance with instructions for use (IFU). Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted on all consecutive patients receiving EVAR for an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using exclusively Endurant II/IIs endograft from 2014 to 2018. Sixty patients were entered in the study. Aneurysm sac shrinkage was defined as decrease ≥5 mm of the maximum aortic diameter. Univariate methods and Kaplan–Meier plots assessed the potential impact of shrinkage. Results: Twenty-six patients (43.3%) experienced shrinkage at one year, and thirty-four (56.7%) had no shrinkage. Shrinkage was not significantly associated with any demographics or morbidity, except hypertension (p = 0.01). No aneurysm characteristics were associated with shrinkage. Non-compliance with instructions for use (IFU) in 13 patients (21.6%) was not associated with shrinkage. Three years after EVAR, freedom from secondary intervention was 85 ± 2% for the entire series, 92.3 ± 5.0% for the shrinkage group and 83.3 ± 9% for the no-shrinkage group (Logrank: p = 0.49). Survival at 3 years was not significantly different between the two groups (85.9 ± 7.0% vs. 79.0 ± 9.0%, Logrank; p = 0.59). Strict compliance with IFU was associated with less reinterventions at 3 years (92.1 ± 5.9% vs. 73.8 ± 15%, Logrank: p = 0.03). Similarly, survival at 3 years did not significantly differ between strict compliance with IFU and non-compliance (81.8 ± 7.0% vs. 78.6 ± 13.0%, Logrank; p = 0.32). Conclusion: This study suggests that shrinkage ≥5 mm at 1-year is not significantly associated with a better survival rate or a lower risk of secondary intervention than no-shrinkage. In this series, the risk of secondary intervention regardless of shrinkage seems to be linked more to non-compliance with IFU. Considering the small number of patients, these results must be confirmed by extensive prospective studies.

espanolA partir de fines del siglo XVII se adoptan "erudito" y "erudicion" en textos y luego en titulos de publicaciones. Es frecuente su empleo en relacion con "critico" y "critica" y su asociacion con la investigacion historica, pero tambien se refiere a un rechazo al aristotelismo escolastico. Feijoo es testimonio de la ampliacion del sentido de erudicion. ?Puede hablarse de un "movimiento erudito"? Se inspira en Mabillon y Saint-Maur, en historiadores italianos y en Nicolas Antonio, tal vez en Vives. En torno a sus actores parece ir creciendo un publico curioso, atento a una historia fundada en documentos de archivo autenticos. EnglishSince the end of 17th century, the Spanish growing use of "erudite" and "erudition", often associated with the idea of criticism, means the choice of new ways of introduction to knowledge. Would it be convenient and useful to speak of an "erudite movement" as a constituent of the first Enlightenment? It is inspired by Mabillon and Saint-Maur, by Italian historians, by Nicolas Antonio, or perhaps by Vives. His actors work to communicate to a growing public their curiosity for a knowledge based on authentic historical documents and facts.

La tombe princière de Lavau, dans l’Aube, fouillée par l’Inrap en 2014-2015, contenait un riche dépôt de vaisselle d’origines variées (Grèce, Étrurie, productions locales). L’emploi conjugué de vaisselle précieuse et/ou d’importation, leur mise en scène équivoque comme leur utilisation pour la consommation d’un mélange à base de vin rouge et la signification de certains décors permettent d’esquisser les liens unissant l’exercice du pouvoir à la pratique du banquet. En filigrane, ces objets, leur agencement et leur contenu témoignent d’un certain degré d’acculturation de l’élite celtique envers les pratiques méditerranéennes. The princely tomb of Lavau, in the Aube department, excavated by Inrap in 2014-2015, contained a rich deposit of crockery of varied origins (Greece, Etruria, local production). The combined use of precious and/or imported crockery, their equivocal presentation, such as their use for the consumption of a red wine-based mixture, and the significance of certain decorations make it possible to outline the links between the exercise of power and the practice of banqueting. In a subtle way, these objects, their arrangement and their contents testify to a certain degree of acculturation of the Celtic elite towards Mediterranean practices. La tumba principesca de Lavau, en el departamento del Aube, excavada por Inrap en 2014-2015, contenía un rico depósito de vajilla de variada procedencia (Grecia, Etruria, producción local). El uso combinado de vajillas preciosas y/o importadas, su presentación equívoca, como su utilización para el consumo de una mezcla a base de vino tinto, y la importancia de ciertas decoraciones permiten esbozar los vínculos entre el ejercicio del poder y la práctica del banquete. De manera sutil, estos objetos, su disposición y su contenido dan testimonio de un cierto grado de aculturación de la élite celta hacia las prácticas mediterráneas.

Objective In case of complex aortic aneurysmal disease, fenestrated or branched EVAR (b/f-EVAR) is considered as a valid and safe alternative to open surgery. However, one the main limitation is the time required for manufacture, limiting its use in emergent situations. The new off-the-shelf 4 inner branches E-nside (Jotec, Hechingen, Germany) has been developed to offer a solution in such circumstances. The aim of this study was to report our preliminary monocentric experience with this new device. Methods Retrospective analysis of prospective data retrieved from 1 center between November 2020 and January 2022 was done. Endpoints were technical success, postoperative morbidity, rate of endoleak and any aneurysm-related re-interventions during follow-up. Results In this study, 15 patients (mean age 73 years, range 59–90) were identified. There was a majority of male (9/15) and all of them but 3 were asymptomatic. The mean aneurysmal diameter was 60 mm (range 50–100). There were 3 cases of juxtarenal aortic aneurysms (20%), 1 Crawford type I (7%), 4 type II (27%), 4 type III (27%) and 3 type IV (20%) aneurysms. In 7 cases, a 2-steps procedure was done with a TEVAR first followed by Enside implantation. There was a technical success in 93% with 1 open conversion for a mesenterical bypass. There was no death in the post-operative period. During the post-operative period, 33% of patients (5/15) presented complications with 3 complications related to the femoral or iliac access and 2 cases of spinal cord ischemia (13%). One case occurred in an emergent setting of a type III aneurysm rupture. The other case was the open conversion and the patient also developed a colic ischemia and finally died 4 months alter. The mean length of stay was 9 days. During the follow-up, 2 reinterventions were necessary, 1 for a type Ic endoleak with distal prolongation of the stent and 1 renal stent occlusion treated by relining. The overall target vessel patency was 98%. Conclusion The use of the off-the-shelf 4 inner branches E-nside appears to be safe with good technical success for the treatment of complex aortic aneurysmal disease. It is associated with an acceptable rate of complications and allows for treatment of a wide variety of diseases in an emergent setting. Further patients and longer follow-up are required to better evaluate the exact role of this new device.

International audience; Singulière, la civilisation étrusque a longtemps vécu dans l’ombre de Rome. Pourtant elle fut l’une des plus grandes de l’âge du Fer, entre le VIIIe siècle et le Ier siècle avant notre ère. Constituée d’un ensemble de cités indépendantes, dans lesquelles on parlait une même langue (l’étrusque), on partageait une même culture, une même religion et les mêmes mœurs, elle s’épanouit dans la Toscane actuelle, en Ombrie, dans le nord du Latium, et dans une partie de la plaine du Pô et de la Campanie. À l’occasion de l’exposition Les Étrusques, une civilisation méditerranéenne organisée au musée de la Romanité à Nîmes, ce dossier fait le point sur les dernières découvertes archéologiques éclairant cette civilisation étonnante.