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Fleas on the body surface of a certain species of small mammal form a special flea community. On the basis of a series of calculations, a comparison of flea communities on ten species of small mammals in the foci of human plague in Yunnan Province, China, was carried out through a fuzzy clustering analysis. The three flea communities on Rattus flavipectus, Rattus nitidus and Rattus rattus sladeni, which belong to the same genus (genus Rattus) showed a higher similarity than others and they clustered into a group in the phenogram of the clustering analysis. Other flea communities on Anourosorez squamipes Suncus murinus Crocidura attenuata Apodemus draca Eothenomys eleusis, Niviventer confucianus and Mus pahari showed lower similarities between each other. The result suggests that the small mammal hosts may be the most important factor which strongly influence the similarity of ectoparasitic flea communities. When the hosts have a close affinity in the taxonomy, the flea communities on their body surface tend to be similar. The hosts in different genera in this case study tend to have different types of ectoparasitic flea communities.

Xenopsylla chewpis is the main transmitting vector of plague in the foci of human plague in Yunnan China, where its dominant rat host is Rattus flavipectus Spatial distribution pattern of X. cheopis among the individuals of R fluvipectus is studied. Iwao's linear regression method and a significance test of random deviation for the method were used. in the light of Iwao's method, a regression model was established. The model is M =α+βM = 4.0064 + 2.0153M where both α and β are considerably higher than 0 and 1 respectively, the border values for determining spatial pattern of populations. The calculated F value is 4, 5892 (P

The rods that were shaped from nanocrystalline WC-10.21 Co-0.42 VCI Cr3 C2(wt%) composite powders by using powder extrusion molding (PEM) were investigated. The nanocrystalline WC-10.21 Co-0.42 VC/Cr3 C2 (wt%) composite powders were prepared by the spray thermal decomposition-continuous reduction and carburization technology. In order to improve the properties of rods shaped by using powder extrusion molding, the cold isostatic pressing (CIP) technology was used before or after debinding. Specimens were sintered by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The density, Rockwell A hardness, magnetic coercivity, and magnetic saturation induction of sintered specimen were measured. The microstructure of the green bodies and the sintered specimens was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the rod formed by using powder extrusion molding after debinding and followed by cold isostatic pressing can be sintered to 99.5% density of composite cemented carbide rods with an average grain size of about 200–300 nm, magnetic coercivity of 30.4 KA/m, Rockwell A hardness of 92.6 and magnetic saturation induction of 85%. Superfine WC-10Co cemented carbide rods with excellent properties were obtained.

The Internet of Things for Building Electrical Equipments (IOTBEE), which introduces the Internet of Things (IOT) technology to manage and control all kinds of building electrical equipments, establishes an efficient way for energy-saving in intelligent buildings. However, most of the electrical equipments do not have controllers suitable for communication with the IOTBEE. To realize the control of the building electrical equipments in the IOTBEE, controllers for such equipments are designed in this study. Provided with the switching control interface, the infrared control interface and the serial port control interface, the designed controller can be used to control many types of building electrical equipments such as the water dispensers and the air-conditioners in the IOTBEE. Additionally, the wireless network technology and the harmonic detection technology are adopted in the hardware and the software design of the controllers. Besides common functions, the designed controller can be used for detecting power consumption.

It is widely accepted that inflammatory cells and cytokines play vital roles in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventative effects of liposomal quercetin against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. The underlying molecular mechanisms were also investigated. Bleomycin was injected intratracheally at a single dose of 5 U/kg for pulmonary fibrosis induction. Liposomal quercetin was intravenously injected 1 day prior to bleomycin administration and continued to the end of the study (for 4 weeks). Our results showed that liposomal quercetin diminished the increase of total cell counts and macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were also significantly decreased both on day 7 and 14 after liposomal quercetin injection (P

To explore the optimized clinical management and therapeutic strategies for the survived human case infected by influenza A (A/H5N1).All the data of the first human case infected by A/H5N1 in Guizhou province was collected and analyzed.The first case infected by A/H5N1 in Guizhou Province was confirmed by laboratory findings with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and A/H5N1 isolation. Patient was healthy in the past and exposed in the environment of living poultry. The initial symptoms was high fever without influenza-like presentation, but with extremity hyperspasmia and conscious disturbance sometimes. A productive cough with a large mount of pink foaming sputum then appeared. The clinical situation was rapidly deteriorated with dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome and atrial fibrillation. Multiple infiltration in bilateral lungs was progressively developed with moderate bilateral pleural effusion. Invasive ventilation was intervened since ARDS on day 8 after sickness. Oseltamivir was kicked off since day 9 after sickness. However, the clinical condition was still exacerbated. High titering antibody of A/H5N1 vaccinated plasma was administrated on day 10 after sickness. The clinical condition (including oxygen saturation, respiratory symptoms, etc.) was improved rapidly. The weaning of ventilation was carried out in two days. Atrial fibrillation was back to normal. The patient was clinical recovery and was discharged from hospital on day 23 after sickness.The prognosis was poor if A/H5N1 infected human cases developed as acute respiratory distress syndrome with heart injury. However, it could be ameliorated if the plasma of A/H5N1 vaccinated neutralizing antibody was administrated in time or within two weeks after sickness.

To discuss the tactics of mechanical ventilation in a human severe case of influenza A (H5N1) complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The data of the patient infected by the influenza A (H5N1) admitted to People's Hospital of Guizhou Province on January 15, 2009, were analyzed and summarized.The patient, a 29-year-old man, had been healthy in the past, but had exposed to the environment of bird flu before illness. The initial symptom was unremitting high fever, and then the clinical situation deteriorated progressively with occurrence of dyspnea. Pulmonary infiltrates were evident in the left lower lobe on January 19, and rapidly progressed to involve bilateral lungs presenting ARDS-like changes. Mechanical ventilation became the most important treatment among others. The ventilation mode was synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)+ pressure support (PS) + positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), following lung protective ventilatory strategies, with low tidal volume. The patient's condition improved day by day without developing multiple organ dysfunction. The patient fully recovered and was discharged on February 6.Early detection, early diagnosis, and finely effective intervention are to improve oxygenation by mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume and adequate PEEP are critical to reducing the mortality.

For laser ablation propulsion, the shielding effect of ablation plume on the incident laser is an essential factor affecting the propulsion performance. When the polymer doped metal is utilized as the propellant, the shielding effect would be more significant because the metal dopant is easily ionized. In order to study the shielding effect of ablation plume on the incident laser energy, a laser ablation model with taking into account the plume expansion, ionization and the shielding effect is built in the present work. For the polyoxymethylene doped aluminum particles irradiated by a laser with a fluence of 3-40 J/cm2, the specific impulse of laser ablation is calculated, and the consistency of the numerical results with the experimental data demonstrates the availability of the model. Furthermore, the effects of both the incompletely decomposed polymer chains and the plasma induced by laser ablation on the incident laser are considered. The time variations of electron number density distribution under different laser fluences are calculated based on the laser induced ionization model. Subsequently, the absorption coefficient distributions and the time variations of shielding coefficient under different laser fluences are obtained. The results show that at a low laser fluence (5 J/cm2), the electron number density is small, so the plume shielding effect is dominated by the laser energy absorption of the small polymer chains which are not completely decomposed. While at a high laser fluence (20 J/cm2), small polymer chains are almost completely decomposed into atoms even plasma, hence the shielding effect is dominated by the plasma since the electron number density in the plume increases up to 1020 m-3, and the complicated characteristic in the time variation of shielding coefficient appears. The quantitative analysis results obtained in the present work can be helpful for optimizing the performances of laser ablation propulsion.