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Graphene/Ge/Si heterostructure were fabricated on Si(1 0 0) by direct transfer method. The monolayer graphene was transferred onto Ge/Si epilayer with the Raman intensity ratio (I2D/IG) of 1.75. The defect related D peak located at 1346 cm−1 is also very weak, signified the small amount of defects. Raman spectroscopy confirmed single crystal Ge film with S-K growth mode was obtained. The lattice mismatch between Ge and Si causes 0.8° off axis of Ge film. The growth mode of Ge film also confirmed as S-K mode when the growth temperature is higher than 650 °C, which cause a lower shift of Ge Raman shift peak.

Background Up to date patient data is a cornerstone of optimal safety and care, so admission to hospital requires transfer of data held in the community to secondary care. Despite the advent of electronic medical record systems such as Connecting Care and EMIS, the telephone remains the mainstay of communication. Methods A prospective cross-sectional quality improvement project was conducted to assess the time taken in telephone communication between primary and secondary care doctors and determine if access to the electronic shared system, Connecting Care, would improve efficiency. As part of normal junior doctor activity, fifty GPs were contacted between September 2015 and February 2016 to obtain medical data on patients admitted to UH Bristol. Time taken to contact each GP and the duration of the conversation was recorded. One hundred patient records were accessed using Connecting Care between October 2015 and February 2016 and the length of time taken to access information documented. Results Out of 50 phone calls 27 resulted in direct transfer to a GP with time to transfer ranging from 12 seconds to 19 minutes 51 seconds (mean 8 minutes 10 seconds, median 7 minutes 16 seconds). A total of 28 messages were left with the receptionist with 16/28 phone calls being returned and time taken for the call to be returned ranged from 34 minutes to 21 hours 3 minutes (mean 5 hours 50 minutes 4 seconds, median 4 hours). Information was available for 88/100 patient records accessed using Connecting Care with a mean duration to access information required of 1 minute 47 seconds. This was significantly shorter than the mean duration of conversation with GPs (4 minutes 22 seconds), mean total duration of telephone call and mean total duration of time to achieve aim of call with GP practices of 13 minutes 18 seconds and 2 hours 14 minutes 11 seconds respectively. Conclusions This study identifies areas of potential improvement in current methods of communication between primary and secondary care. Direct telephone contact will always have an important role in sharing information. However, access for secondary care doctors to electronic patient records, with patient consent and consideration for confidentiality, would improve efficiency and alleviate time pressures on both busy primary and secondary care doctors. This would have a positive impact on patient care and safety.

Background: Transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a persistent problem in healthcare facilities despite current control measures. A better understanding of the routes of pathogen transmission is needed to develop effective control measures. Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study in an acute-care hospital to identify the timing and route of transfer of pathogens to rooms of newly admitted patients with negative MRSA nares results and no known carriage of other healthcare-associated pathogens. Rooms were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected prior to patient admission. Interactions of patients with personnel and portable equipment were observed, and serial cultures for pathogens were collected from the skin of patients and from surfaces, including those observed to come in contact with personnel and equipment. For MRSA, spa typing was used to determine relatedness of patient and environmental isolates. Results: For the 17 patients enrolled, 1 or more environmental cultures became positive for MRSA in rooms of 10 patients (59%), for C. difficile in rooms of 2 patients (12%) and for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in rooms of 2 patients (12%). The patients interacted with an average of 2.4 personnel and 0.6 portable devices per hour of observation. As shown in Figure 1, MRSA contamination of the floor occurred rapidly as personnel entered the room. In a subset of patients, MRSA was subsequently recovered from patients’ socks and bedding and ultimately from the high-touch surfaces in the room (tray table, call button, bedrail). For several patients, MRSA isolates recovered from the floor had the same spa type as isolates subsequently recovered from other sites (eg, socks, bedding, and/or high touch surfaces). The direct transfer of healthcare-associated pathogens from personnel or equipment to high-touch surfaces was not detected. Conclusions: Healthcare-associated pathogens rapidly accumulate on the floor of patient rooms and can be transferred to the socks and bedding of patients and to high-touch surfaces. Healthcare facility floors may be an underappreciated source of pathogen dissemination not addressed by current infection control measures.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Connexins family in humans consists of 21 highly conserved proteins that are responsible for contact formation between cells. On the cell surface, connexins form hemichannels, or connexons. Two hemichannels brought together form a gap junction, a form of intercellular contact that allows for direct transfer of material and signals between the adjacent cells. Gap junctions serve for transporting ions and other soluble, low molecular weight molecules therefore synchronizing the microenvironment of the contacting cells and maintaining cell and tissue homeostasis. Impairment of gap junctions is associated with different pathological conditions. Importantly, it has been described in atherosclerosis, which causes local cellular dysfunction in the arterial wall tissues followed by the development of atherosclerotic plaque. There are 3 main connexins expressed in human cardiovascular system: Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43. Alterations in the arterial wall cells observed in atherosclerosis include changes in the expression pattern of the main connexins and impairment of intercellular contacts and communication. According to the currently available data, Cx37 and Cx40 have anti-atherogenic and vasculoprotective properties, while Cx43 appears to be more pro-atherogenic. However, the effects of connexins are cell type-dependent and in many cases, remain to be studied in detail. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge on connexins of the arterial wall cells involved in atherosclerosis development.

Piotr Galperin is a representative of cultural-historical psychology and a follower of Lev Vygotsky. His legacy considers the nature of human mental life, its origin and further development in the process of phylogenesis, anthropogenesis and ontogenesis. In addition, Galperin's contribution was in developing a system of psychological conditions, which enables the formation of mental actions, images and representations with prescribed outcomes. This system is defined as the system of planned stage-by-stage formation of mental actions (PSFMA). Among other applications, PSFMA can be used: i) as a method to study the formation and development of a person's mental activity, ii) to examine the relationship between the theoretically described and objectively occurring in practice the process of systematic formation of mental functions and iii) to design learning and teaching activity aimed at developing 21st century competences. In this paper, I argue, that the direct transfer and application of the mechanisms of PFSMA in classrooms gives satisfactory results only when the conditions of the theoretically planned formation closely correspond to the conditions of real situations in classrooms. In order to bridge the conditions outlined in PFSMA and the real educational practice, it is necessary to carry out several adjustments to account for the complexity of learning. To do so, three models of instructional design are presented in the paper: i) psychological, ii) psychological-pedagogical and iii) procedural or technological model. However, the three-model framework should be considered as an intellectual tool rather than as an algorithm that provides instructions for teachers' actions.

Food slicing in industrial applications is cutting foods into slices of predefined thickness. It has been subject to theoretical research, but experimental results are lacking. Experimental research on slicing is necessary to determine interrelations between design parameters, process parameters, food properties, and process quality. In this publication, a state of the art for slicing research is derived. Studies on rate and time dependence of food material properties, energy based descriptions of cutting as well as influences of blade geometry and sharpness were found in literature. Experimental conditions differ between cutting research and slicing. Hence, a direct transfer of knowledge from cutting research to slicing in industrial applications is not possible. Consequently, there is a need for experimental research on slicing to define ideal process conditions and blade designs. For this reason, we propose an approach to experimental setup for further research into slicing.

Introduction Studies have shown direct transfer of pathogens between patient and the environment, with patients in intensive treatment units (ITUs) at highest risk to healthcare associated infections (HCAIs). Therefore, frequent and effective cleaning is important in reducing the incidence of HCAIs. While some guidance exists on cleaning, how and when cleaning should occur is not defined. Aim To audit surface cleaning practices undertaken by healthcare staff within patient bed spaces in ITU. Methods Observations were undertaken for 500 hours to audit how non-organic surfaces were cleaned by staff. Observations included different bed spaces, shifts, healthcare staff and routine and post discharge cleaning. Staffs were classified into groups: doctors, nurses, healthcare assistants, housekeepers, cleaners and others. Surfaces were categorised by height as level 0 ( 1.2 m). Observations included the numbers of staff entering a patient bed space, surfaces touched before and after patient contact and cleaning agent and technique used to clean any surface. Findings 17% of staff entering bed spaces undertake some form of surface cleaning. On average, a cleaner would clean 8 surfaces of a possible 56 when entering a bed space, while nurses and doctors on average clean 0.2 and 0 surfaces respectively. Nurses most commonly cleaned the intravenous tray with a wipe, with technique varying significantly. Conclusion Cleaning methods were inconsistent between staff groups. Confusion between cleaning roles was observed, showing a need for a clear division of cleaning responsibilities between staff groups. Wide variabilities in cleaning technique among all staff groups highlights clear gaps in training and a need for a comprehensive training package with defined cleaning roles.

This work presents the first segmentation study of both diseased and healthy skin in standard camera photographs from a clinical environment. Challenges arise from varied lighting conditions, skin types, backgrounds, and pathological states. For study, 400 clinical photographs (with skin segmentation masks) representing various pathological states of skin are retrospectively collected from a primary care network. 100 images are used for training and fine-tuning, and 300 are used for evaluation. This distribution between training and test partitions is chosen to reflect the difficulty in amassing large quantities of labeled data in this domain. A deep learning approach is used, and 3 public segmentation datasets of healthy skin are collected to study the potential benefits of pre-training. Two variants of U-Net are evaluated: U-Net and Dense Residual U-Net. We find that Dense Residual U-Nets have a 7.8% improvement in Jaccard, compared to classical U-Net architectures (0.55 vs. 0.51 Jaccard), for direct transfer, where fine-tuning data is not utilized. However, U-Net outperforms Dense Residual U-Net for both direct training (0.83 vs. 0.80) and fine-tuning (0.89 vs. 0.88). The stark performance improvement with fine-tuning compared to direct transfer and direct training emphasizes both the need for adequate representative data of diseased skin, and the utility of other publicly available data sources for this task., Accepted to IEEE EMBC 2018

Redox biocatalysis has come to the forefront because of its excellent catalytic efficiency, stereoselectivity, and environmental benignity. The green and sustainable biotransformation can be driven by photoelectrochemical (PEC) platforms where redox biocatalysis is coupled with photoelectrocatalysis. The main challenge is how to transfer photoexcited electrons to (or from) the enzyme redox centers for effective biotransformation using solar energy. This review commences with a conceptual discussion of biocatalytic PEC platforms and highlights recent advances in PEC-based biotransformation through cofactor regeneration or direct transfer of charge carriers to (or from) oxidoreductases on enzyme-conjugated electrodes. Finally, we address future perspectives and potential next steps in the vibrant field of biocatalytic photosynthesis.

The generation of slow surface plasmon polaritons in a single-walled carbon nanotube is investigated theoretically. A mechanism of amplification of surface plasmon polaritons is based on the direct transfer of electromagnetic energy from a drift current in the nanotube into a surface wave.

Airborne bacterial communities are subject to conditions ill-suited to microbial activity and growth. In spite of this, air is an important transfer medium for bacteria, with the bacteria in indoor air having potentially major consequences for the health of a building's occupants. A major example is the decreased diversity and altered composition of indoor airborne microbial communities as a proposed explanation for the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergies worldwide. Previous research has shown that living on a farm confers protection against development of asthma and allergies, with airborne bacteria suggested as playing a role in this protective effect. However, the composition of this beneficial microbial community has still not been identified. We sampled settled airborne dust using a passive dust sampler from Danish pig stables, associated farmers' homes, and from suburban homes (267 samples in total) and carried out quantitative PCR measurements of bacterial abundance and MiSeq sequencing of the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes found in these samples. Airborne bacteria had a greater diversity and were significantly more abundant in pig stables and farmers' homes than suburban homes (Wilcoxon rank sum test P < 0.05). Moreover, bacterial taxa previously suggested to contribute to a protective effect had significantly higher relative and absolute abundance in pig stables and farmers' homes than in suburban homes (ALDEx2 with P < 0.05), including Firmicutes, Peptostreptococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, and Lactobacillus. Pig stables had significantly lower airborne bacterial diversity than farmers' homes, and there was no discernable direct transfer of airborne bacteria from stable to home. This study identifies differences in indoor airborne bacterial communities that may be an important component of this putative protective effect, while showing that pig stables themselves do not appear to directly contribute to the airborne bacterial communities in the homes of farmers. These findings improve our understanding of the role of airborne bacteria in the increasing prevalence of asthma and allergy.

Background: Christchurch hospital is a tertiary hospital in New Zealand supported by five general neurologists with after-hours services provided mainly by onsite non-neurology medical residents. We assessed the transferrability and impact of the Helsinki Stroke model on stroke thrombolysis door-to-needle time (DNT) in Christchurch hospital. Methods: Key components of the Helsinki Stroke model were implemented first in 2015 with introduction of patient pre-notification and thrombolysis by the computed tomography (CT) suite, followed by implementation of direct transfer to CT on ambulance stretcher in May 2017. Data from the prospective thrombolysis registry which began in 2012 were analyzed for the impact of these interventions on median DNT. Results: Between May and December 2017, 46 patients were treated with alteplase, 25 (54%) patients were treated in-hours (08:00-17:00 non-public holiday weekdays) and 21 (46%) patients were treated after-hours. The in-hours, after-hours, and overall median (interquartile range) DNTs were 34 (28-43), 47 (38-60), and 40 (30-51) minutes. The corresponding times in 2012-2014 prior to interventions were 87 (68-106), 86 (72-116), and 87 (71-112) minutes, representing median DNT reduction of 53, 39, and 47 minutes, respectively (p-values

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) levels in tobacco cut filler and cigarette smoke were measured in more than 1000 commercially available cigarettes sampled between 2008 and 2014. Relative contributions to their transfer from tobacco to the mainstream smoke in terms of direct transfer by distillation, pyrorelease, and pyrosynthesis were evaluated on the basis of the comparison with the transfer of nicotine from tobacco to smoke. N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was transferred essentially by distillation, while N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-bipyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) were transferred by pyrorelease or pyrosynthesis as well. In the case of the Tobacco Heating System 2.2, the transfer of nicotine from tobacco to the aerosol was similar to that observed for cigarettes, while the % transfer of TSNAs from tobacco to THS 2.2 aerosol was 2-3 times lower than in cigarettes. This difference is due to the fact that the tobacco is heated instead of burnt resulting in a lower direct transfer by distillation and a lower if any contribution of pyrosynthesis or pyrorelease.

We live in exciting times for acute stroke care. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is a wonderful advancement for the care of patients with stroke with large vessel occlusions (LVOs).1 Treatment decisions can now be based on individualized imaging-based analyses.2,3 But MT is still a time-dependent intervention4 that requires human expertise and infrastructure that are unevenly distributed throughout the country.5 The high-priority goal to treat every patient eligible for MT rapidly needs to be matched with the capabilities and expertise of the stroke systems of care in any given region. The challenge will be to expedite MT for all eligible patients without harming the majority of patients that do not qualify for MT and who need to be managed medically. The fervor to treat patients with MT is understandable. But a reorganization solely based on enthusiasm for the novelty of MT and its extension to selected patients within 24 hours of symptom onset will be potentially detrimental to the stroke system. There have already been calls for emergency medical services to bypass patients with suspected LVO from primary stroke centers (PSCs) to MT-capable hospitals.1 In fact, some areas of the country have already implemented bypass protocols, despite an uncertain risk/benefit ratio. Testing of this hypothesis has been proposed,6 and a trial randomizing direct transfer of patients with suspected LVO to endovascular centers versus the closest nonendovascular PSCs is already being conducted in Catalonia, Spain.7 But how will randomized clinical trials provide data that would be generalizable to various other regional settings, each with their own unique geography, infrastructure, expertise, and transportation challenges? The answer ultimately will depend on multiple local factors, such as distance to the different facilities, mode of transportation, human expertise, neuroimaging capabilities, and process performance. We have seen these issues …

The approximate number system (ANS) is an innate cognitive template that allows for the mental representation of approximate magnitude, and has been controversially linked to symbolic number knowledge and math ability. A series of recent studies found that an approximate arithmetic training (AAT) task that draws upon the ANS can improve math skills, which not only supports the existence of this link, but suggests it may be causal. However, no direct transfer effects to any measure of the ANS have yet been reported, calling into question the mechanisms by which math improvements may emerge. The present study investigated the effects of a 7-day AAT and successfully replicated previously reported transfer effects to math. Furthermore, our exploratory analyses provide preliminary evidence that certain ANS-related skills may also be susceptible to training. We conclude that AAT has reproducible effects on math performance, and provide avenues for future studies to further explore underlying mechanisms - specifically, the link between improvements in math and improvements in ANS skills.

Introduction: The success of thrombectomy trials for acute ischemic stroke create 2 options for prehospital decision-making-(1) transport the patient to the nearest endovascular capable center (ECC) even though this may mean bypassing a closer non-ECC (mothership model): or (2) transport to nECC for intravenous thrombolysis and then transfer the patient to the nearest ECC for endovascular therapy (drip and ship model). Methods: A decision- analytical modelling study was constructed to simulate a 50-year old man with acute stroke. Input probabilities were derived from recent literature with thrombectomy data and outcomes from the HERMES. We include extensive subgroup analysis by varying each possible time interval and evaluate the two strategies under different circumstances. Multiple sensitivity analysis were performed to give the threshold values. Results: In the base case calculation , we found Mothership to be the better strategy. The results shows when time to nECC is 30 min, Mothership is the better strategy until the time to ECC exceeds 93 min, or when it takes less than 126 min to transfer patients from nECC to ECC. When the time to nECC is 90 min, Drip and Ship becomes the better strategy regardless of the additional time to ECC and the transfer time. Subsequently we assigned the time to perform IA in transferred patients as 1.5 longer than patients who are directly sent to ECC and performed further sensitivity analyses. When nECC is within 30 min away, Drip and Ship is the better strategy when it takes more than 78 min to get to ECC, regardless of the transfer time. Conclusion: We have used decision analysis, modelling based technique to address the problem of acute stroke triage from a population-based perspective. By feeding in the time to the nearest ECC and nECC, the EMS and stroke team can make the most appropriate decision on where to transfer the patient for the best outcomes based on the currently available data.

We demonstrate the direct transfer of pump vortex mode to the idler beam in a singly- resonant optical parametric oscillator, generating ultrafast vortex beam of order as high as l=3, tunable across 1109-1209 nm.

We consider unsupervised cross-lingual transfer on two tasks, viz., sentence-level argumentation mining and standard POS tagging. We combine direct transfer using bilingual embeddings with annotation projection, which projects labels across unlabeled parallel data. We do so by either merging respective source and target language datasets or alternatively by using multi-task learning. Our combination strategy considerably improves upon both direct transfer and projection with few available parallel sentences, the most realistic scenario for many low-resource target languages.

Recently, there is increasing interest in the causal relationship between attentional breadth and emotion regulation. To test this causal relationship, attentional breadth needs to be manipulated stringently. The aim of the current research was to establish whether visual attentional breadth could be manipulated through experimental training procedures. We conducted two single-session training experiments and one multiple-session training experiment, all of which contained pre- and post-training assessments to test the direct transfer effects of training on attentional breadth construed in different measures. For the first single-session training (Experiment 1), no training effects were found to transfer to the subsequent attentional breadth measures in terms of global–local processing preference. For the second single-session training (Experiment 2) and the 5-day training (Experiment 3) which combined both trainings from Experiment 1 and 2, there were some indications that attentional breadth can be decreased, but there was no evidence that it could be increased neither in terms of global–local processing preference nor in terms of scope of visual perception. Bayesian analysis confirmed the null hypothesis of no increase in attentional breadth through delivery of these training procedures. Therefore, our findings do not support the hypothesis that training variants of the Global–Local attentional breadth task or of the visuospatial attentional breadth task can stably alter attentional breadth in healthy students. Possible explanations and implications are discussed.

The university-spin off company is a specific but rather effective tool for the direct transfer of knowledge and new technology from academia into business. However, this seems to be still a not very common phenomenon in many European countries. The paper aims to compare the characteristics of universities in European countries based on empirical data for 2465 higher education institutions in Europe retrieved from European Tertiary Education Register database. We examined factors that could have a potential effect on the creation of university spin-off companies in Europe. In order to find these factors we applied logit and probit regression analysis. Our results strongly suggest that those universities which are neither strongly focused on a few fields of research, nor very broad in their focus are mostly less active in creating the university spin-off companies. The intensity of PhD study, the share of tuition fees as well as a number of foreign students seem to be factors affecting university spin-off activities. This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

We present a novel learning-based framework for face reenactment. The proposed method, known as ReenactGAN, is capable of transferring facial movements and expressions from an arbitrary person’s monocular video input to a target person’s video. Instead of performing a direct transfer in the pixel space, which could result in structural artifacts, we first map the source face onto a boundary latent space. A transformer is subsequently used to adapt the source face’s boundary to the target’s boundary. Finally, a target-specific decoder is used to generate the reenacted target face. Thanks to the effective and reliable boundary-based transfer, our method can perform photo-realistic face reenactment. In addition, ReenactGAN is appealing in that the whole reenactment process is purely feed-forward, and thus the reenactment process can run in real-time (30 FPS on one GTX 1080 GPU). Dataset and model are publicly available on our project page (Project Page: https://wywu.github.io/projects/ReenactGAN/ReenactGAN.html).

Individual micro- and nanostructures of metal oxides are known to be highly sensitive to surface phenomena due to their enhanced surface-to-volume ratio. In this work, an individual Bi2O3-functionalized ZnO microwire (Bi2O3/ZnO MW) with a diameter of ~2.2 μm was integrated into a sensing device using its direct transfer and placement in a focused ion beam (FIB)/scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipment. The fabricated device was exposed to H2 gas at room temperature showing a detectable response. The gas response to 1000 ppm is ~28%.

Dermatophytes cause human infections limited to keratinised tissues. We showed that the direct transfer method allows reliable identification of non-dermatophytes mould and yeast by MALDI-TOF/MS. We aimed at assessing whether the direct transfer method can be used for dermatophytes and whether an own mass spectra library would be superior to the Bruker library. We used the Bruker Biotyper to build a dermatophyte mass spectra library and assessed its performance by 1/testing a panel of mass spectrum produced with strains genotypically identified and, 2/comparing MALDI-TOF/MS identification to morphology-based methods. Identification of dermatophytes using the Bruker library is poor. Our library provided 97% concordance between ITS sequencing and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis with a panel of 1104 spectra corresponding to 276 strains. Direct transfer method using unpolished target plates allowed proper identification of 85% of dermatophytes clinical isolates most of which were common dermatophytes. A homemade dermatophyte MSP library is a prerequisite for accurate identification of species absent in the Bruker library but it also improves identification of species already listed in the database. The direct deposit method can be used to identify the most commonly found dermatophytes such as T. rubrum and T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes by MALDI-TOF/MS.

In this work, a new multistage batch plant lot-sizing and scheduling formulation considering mixing and splitting operations at shared intermediate storage vessels is presented. The model relies on a batch-oriented general precedence representation that handles not only sequencing decisions at processing units but also intermediate storage time and capacity constraints. The proposed representation requires a predefined set of proposed batches for each product and processing stage. From these sets, selected batches are determined by the model through binary decisions. Batch integrity is not preserved but, instead, batches can be mixed/split between consecutive stages. The model includes allocation, timing, and sequencing variables and constraints similar to previous general precedence formulations. New binary variables are only added to handle material storage and transfer decisions, where both direct transfer and transfer through multiple storage vessels is supported. Besides, the general precedence sequencing binary variables are reutilized to also handle sequencing constraints at intermediate tanks. Time and capacity constraints for intermediate vessels are defined using the sequencing and material transfer binary decisions. Small/medium size examples are presented to illustrate the application of the model.

Inherent sensor variability limits mass-production applications for metal oxide (MOX) gas sensor arrays because calibration for replicas of a sensor array needs to be performed individually. Recently, calibration transfer strategies have been proposed to alleviate calibration costs of new replicas, but they still require the acquisition of transfer samples. In this work, we present calibration models that can be extended to uncalibrated replicas of sensor arrays without acquiring new samples, i.e., general or global calibration models. The developed methodology consists in including multiple replicas of a sensor array in the calibration process such that sensor variability is rejected by the general model. Our approach was tested using replicas of a MOX sensor array in the classification task of six gases and synthetic air, presented at different background humidity and concentration levels. Results showed that direct transfer of individual calibration models provides poor classification accuracy. However, we also found that general calibration models kept predictive performance when were applied directly to new copies of the sensor array. Moreover, we explored, through feature selection, whether particular combinations of sensors and operating temperatures can provide predictive performances equivalent to the calibration model with the complete array, favoring thereby the existence of more robust calibration models.

Cu and Al particles were optimized to create thin films by laser direct transfer on Si-wafer substrate with minimal measured roughness; Cu-LIFT results are especially promising at high repetition rates and minimal pulse energy.

It is well known that melanoma lipid metabolism is regulated by intrinsic genetic and epigenetic changes in the cancer cells. However, recent work reveals that lipid metabolism is also controlled by the tumor microenvironment through the direct transfer of lipids from adipocytes to melanoma cells.

Indonesian government has been launched poverty alleviation framework which consists of Four Clusters such as: Direct Transfer (BLT'); National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPMJ; Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR); and energy, housing, transportation for poor. Unfortunately, KUR hasn't reached poor and reduce the poverty significantly. It is predicted that Local Government hasn't involved structurally and formally in KUR’s implementation. The study is developed from primary and secondary data which has been conducted since 2012 in Five Provinces (Central Java, East Java, Bengkulu, Yogyakarta and Mataram). Primary data were generated by three instruments such as questionnaire (600 units which was divided into two group- KUR and non KUR), in depth interview for key persons and Focus Group Discussion which was representing stakeholder. The result shows that the roles of Local Government in KUR implementation are still limited. It can be identified as follows: being administrator for Communication for KUR, socialization in SMEs, and facilitating for KUR assistant for SMEs. One of obstacles is Local Government hasn't engaged yet on KUR syndications.

Coordination as part of the stabilization process of joints is compromised in older adults. We addressed changes in neuromuscular control and force output during a ballistic force production task influenced by different environmental dynamics. Aged participants (AP) and young participants (YP) were asked to perform a unilateral maximal leg extension against a movable sled in a reaction-time task. The task was performed in a sitting posture and involved a stable (1 degree of freedom; DoF) or an unstable (3 DoF) condition of the sled. Electromyographic and dynamometric recordings were made and analyzed using the cross-correlation-function, assessment of peak EMG-activity and peak force. Initial motor strategies (i.e. motor system adjustments in order to meet the demands of the particular task while respecting individual constraints) were assessed by analyzing total reaction times (TRT), premotor time (PMT) and electromechanical delay (EMD). The AP group showed motor control strategies governed by prolonged TRT in both conditions. However, the change of mechanical interactions (i.e. the interaction between the participant and the sled in its particular mechanical state) caused group specific motor system adjustments in PMT and EMD. Force measures showed reduced peak forces in AP accompanied by less loss of force between conditions compared to YP. Inter- and intramuscular coordination strategies differed between YP and AP reflected in changes in CCF and peak EMG values. We conclude that change in environmental dynamics is associated with specific adjustments of control properties of the motor system. These adjustments were sensitive to age and mechanical condition (1 or 3 DoF) and might contribute to declines in motor output seen in AP. However, due to the nature of the task, our results do not allow a direct transfer to situations involving whole body balance.

Fast and efficient transport of molecular cargoes along tracks or on supramolecular platforms is an important prerequisite for the development of future nanorobotic systems and assembly lines. Here, we study the diffusive transport of DNA cargo strands bound to a supramolecular DNA origami structure via an extended tether arm. For short distances (on the order of a few nanometers), transport from a start to a target site is found to be less efficient than for direct transfer without tether. For distances on the scale of the origami platform itself, however, cargo transfer mediated by a rigid tether arm occurs very fast and robust, whereas a more flexible, hinged tether is found to be considerably less efficient. Our results suggest diffusive motion on a molecular tether as a highly efficient mechanism for fast transfer of cargoes over long distances.

The distribution of mould species was examined at several points of the processing chain in a Manchego cheese plant and associated dairy farms. Geotrichum and Fusarium were the most frequent genera isolated in milk samples as well as in 1-month ripened cheeses, evidencing a direct transfer from raw milk. Conversely, the mycobiota of long-ripened cheeses consisted mainly of Penicillium species, which gained entry to the cheese through the air of ripening rooms. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of fungal populations in semihard and hard cheeses, highlighting that airborne transfer from the stables could have a direct impact on their quality.

Gene therapy is defined as the direct transfer of genetic material to tissues or cells for the treatment of inherited disorders and acquired diseases. For gene delivery, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are typically combined with a delivery platform to encapsulate the gene, and promote cell uptake. Delivery technologies that have been used with MNPs contain polymeric, viral, as well as non-viral platforms. In this review, we focus on targeted gene delivery using MNPs.

Electrocatalysis as a catalytic process involving oxidation or reduction through the direct transfer of electrons is of key importance subject in various fields of chemistry and associated sciences. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis is especially important to the development of water oxidation and fuel cells catalysts. This paper presents the brief description of the electrocatalysis and the mechanism of electrochemical reactions. Different factors and their influence on electrocatalytic activity, have been discussed. Role of nanoparticles in electrocatalysis received a particular emphasis. Long-term tasks of electrocatalysis were also definied.

The work presented in this paper reports on the possibility of using fine arts printmaking techniques to print images onto cement-based materials. Fine arts printmaking studio methods, such as etching, lithography, and relief, are tried on concrete plates. These methods are based on a direct transfer of matter as they use ink. For each printmaking technique, several combinations of different types of matrix, vehicle, and substrate (base-material) formulations were tested. The project involved more than 80 experiments with different printing solutions. Results demonstrated that a few techniques can be successfully used to permanently reproduce detailed photographic and drawn images onto a cement-based material substrate. With the development of this basic knowledge over the technical performance obtained with each technique, it was possible to develop a more profound artistic concept. The design of the substrate was adjusted to meet specific artistic requirements, bringing together the boundaries of art and material sciences in this multidisciplinary project.

We investigate thermal conduction in arrays of long-range interacting rotors and Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) oscillators coupled to two reservoirs at different temperatures. The strength of the interaction between two lattice sites decays as a power $\alpha$ of the inverse of their distance. We point out the necessity of distinguishing between energy flows towards/from the reservoirs and those within the system. We show that energy flow between the reservoirs occurs via a direct transfer induced by long-range couplings and a diffusive process through the chain. To this aim, we introduce a decomposition of the steady-state heat current that explicitly accounts for such direct transfer of energy between the reservoir. For $0\leq \alpha 1$, heat transport mostly occurs through diffusion along the chain: for the rotors transport is normal, while for FPU the data are compatible with an anomalous diffusion, possibly with an $\alpha$ -dependent characteristic exponent.

Graphene is a truly outstanding 2D material that holds the promise of revolutionizing the world with its many applications. All this expectation requires a high-quality graphene synthetized and transferred at large scale. Unfortunately, such industrial graphene is not currently feasible due the difficulty of the transfer even though its synthesis via chemical vapour deposition is becoming viable. Graphene is synthetized on a metal substrate, rendering graphene transfer an absolute necessity for use in electronic applications. A very recent transfer method, named direct transfer, has been proposed based on the electrochemical delamination that gives some hope in the matter. However, it is a method that still needs optimization by understanding its basis and by studying new target materials. In this sudy, the intercalation of different ions/molecules during the electrochemical delamination is discussed. According to literature, during the electrochemical delamination H2 bubbles produced at the cathode are responsible for delaminating the graphene. This work contradicts it, by saying that it is not the H2 bubbles but rather charged species of the electrolyte. A cathodic and anodic study was made, where solutions with ions that would undergo electrochemical reactions in and outside the electrochemical window (EW) of water were tested. This thesis concluded that only if the cation/anion reaction is outside the EW or that the charged species will not react that the graphene would delaminate. Sodium hydroxide is the standard electrolyte used although it originates sodium contamination in graphene but now, electrolytes such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide and chloride and tetraethylammonium hydroxide can be used instead, avoiding at last sodium contamination in graphene devices. Furthermore, this work also briefly discusses graphene adhesion to the target substrate and suggests, perhaps, hydrogen silesquioxane as target substrate due its capability of being transformed partially in SiO2 after curing and avoiding the doping caused by the previous target substrate used.

A direct transfer of plasmid pBP517 from C600 to J53 Escherichia coli K12 strains by electroporation, either by the standard method, or in the presence of 20 μg/mL of DNAse was carried out. In a standard experiment, donor and recipient bacteria were mixed and subjected to the electroporation procedure, about 2700 (range 1600-3700) recombinants were found, while no colonies were detected from non treated bacteria. When the same tests were performed at the presence of DNAse the number of recombinants fell to about 200 (range 183-218). This difference between the number of colonies found in the presence or in absence of DNAse was observed every time the tests were repeated. According to these observations, plasmid DNA has been transferred from donor to recipient cells via electroporation also when DNAse was added. Since the free genetic material is destroyed by the enzyme and recombination takes place it has been hypothesized that there must be a direct contact between the partner cells.

We thank Lederer et al for their response to our article.1 We agree that increasing lines of evidence now support the importance of fast symptoms onset to recanalization in endovascular therapy with every minute saved translating into more days of extra healthy life. Opportunities to reduce time to recanalization can be considered in the prehospital setting (with triage of appropriate patients directly to endovascular centers), in the referral setting (with efforts to reduce door-in-door-out times) and at the destination hospital. Numerous studies have demonstrated various strategies to reduce hospital arrival to groin access times including minimization of advanced imaging, parallel processing, early activation of the neurocath team, direct transfer to the neurocath laboratory, and minimization of pre- and periprocedural steps …

This paper presents a case study where a Canadian utility has implemented passive anti-islanding elements as an alternative to Direct Transfer Trip to interconnect a customer-owned generator. This acceptance was done on an exceptional basis and many challenges were faced, including characterizing analytically the performance of these protection elements, developing settings and coordinating them with customer-owned protective relays. The analytical tools developed during this case study are useful to both predict the rate of frequency change and also to determine when using these passive elements are a viable and reliable alternative to active anti-islanding protection. The operation of the system under study was verified with timedomain simulations and after one year of real life operation, this system has been shown to be stable, safe and reliable.

This paper presents a new approach of transfer learning-based medical image classification to mitigate insufficient labeled data problem in medical domain. Instead of direct transfer learning from source to small number of labeled target data, we propose a modality-bridge transfer learning which employs the bridge database in the same medical imaging acquisition modality as target database. By learning the projection function from source to bridge and from bridge to target, the domain difference between source (e.g., natural images) and target (e.g., X-ray images) can be mitigated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve a high classification performance even for a small number of labeled target medical images, compared to various transfer learning approaches., accepted at CISP-BMEI 2017

Telemedicine has deeply innovated the field of emergency cardiology, particularly the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The ability to record an ECG in the early prehospital phase, thus avoiding any delay in diagnosing myocardial infarction with direct transfer to the cath-lab for primary angioplasty, has proven to significantly reduce treatment times and mortality. This consensus document aims to analyse the available evidence and organizational models based on a support by telemedicine, focusing on technical requirements, education, and legal aspects.

The use of sidelooking acoustic Doppler velocity meters (ADVMs) to estimate fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) by the U.S. Geological Survey has become more operational in recent years; however, direct transfer of these techniques to downlooking acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) currently is not feasible. The use of ADCPs to estimate SSC has been investigated by other researchers, but the requirements and limitations of an operational method that could be successfully applied at many locations are not well defined. In order to evaluate the efficacy of using ADCPs of multiple frequencies to estimate SSC, a dataset was collected on the Missouri River at St. Charles, Missouri, in July 2016. The Missouri River dataset is being compared to similar datasets to determine: 1) what factors influence successful use of downlooking ADCPs to estimate SSC, 2) what are the minimum datasets required to develop SSC calibrations, and 3) what modifications are needed to existing methods, instruments, and software tools.