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Sungai Citarum merupakan salah satu sungai yang menunjang kehidupan sebagian besar masyarakat Jawa Barat. Akan tetapi, dampak kegiatan manusia telah membuat Sungai Citarum sebagai sungai yang tercemar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi wilayah hulu Sungai Citarum dengan melakukan pengukuran multi parameter terhadap kondisi air di Sungai Citarum Hulu dan air sumur warga sekitar, terutama Sektor 7. Wilayah penelitian ini secara administratif berada di Desa Pangauban, Kecamatan Katapang, Kabupaten Bandung. Sampel yang diuji pada penelitian ini adalah sampel air sungai dan sampel air sumur milik warga yang tinggal di sekitar Sungai Citarum sebanyak masing-masing enam titik lokasi pengamatan. Hasil pengukuran parameter hidrologi dan kandungan logam berat pada sampel air sungai dan air sumur menunjukan bahwa nilai pH, suhu, dan TDS masih di bawah ambang batas tercemar, sedangkan nilai EC menunjukkan bahwa air sumur dan air sungai telah tercemar. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan analisa kandungan logam berat yang dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat kandungan logam besi (Fe) yang cukup tinggi di atas ambang batas air bersih sehingga air tersebut tidak dapat di konsumsi bagi warga, baik untuk air sungai maupun air sumur Citarum River is one of the rivers that supports the lives of most of the people of West Java. However, the impact of human activities has made the Citarum River a polluted river in the world. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the upstream area of the Citarum River by conducting multi-parameter measurements to water conditions in the Upstream Citarum River Sector 7 and the wells of the surrounding residents. This research area is administratively located in Pangauban Village, Ketapang District, Bandung Regency. The samples tested in this study were river water samples at six observation locations and well water samples belonging to the residents living around the Citarum River as many as six observation location points. The results of measurements of hydrological parameters and heavy metal content in river and well water samples indicate that the pH, temperature, and TDS values are still below the polluted threshold, while the EC values indicate that well water and river water have been polluted. This is evidenced by the analysis of heavy metal content which can be seen that there is a high metal content of iron (Fe) above the threshold of clean water so that the water cannot be consumed by residents, both for river water and well water.

This research aims to find out the reading comprehension problems faced by the eight semester English Education Study Program students of Universitas Bengkulu in Reading Section of TOEFL test. The subject of this research is eight semester students of English Education Study Program in academic year 2018/2019 who have taken TOEFL test in Language Laboratory, FKIP, Universitas Bengkulu. The subject of this research is 70 students of 79 students. This research was used descriptive quantitative as the methodology and the data was collected by using questionnaire as an instrument that distributed via Google-form. The questionnaire consisted of 20 statements which represent 5 aspects of reading comprehension problems by Wutthisingchai (2011). This research uses 4-point Likert Scale to measure students perception of reading problem, ranging from never (1 point), sometimes (2 point), often (3 point), always (4 point). The result shows that the majority of the students have problems in reading comprehension in 5 aspects. The percentage average of each aspect from highest to lowest was the reading comprehension problems related to the Reading Comprehension Process. Second problems is Motivation. Third problems related to Background Knowledge. Fourth related to Lack Reading Strategies. The last problems related to Language Knowledge. From the results, it can be concluded that students of the eight semester at English Education Study Program still have reading comprehension problems. Keywords: Reading comprehension problems, TOEFL Test

Most cases of breast cancer are found to be in an advanced stage. This is because of the patient delay in coming to health service after the emergence of early symptoms of breast cancer. It is necessary to identify factors that allegedly prevent patients from seeking health services as early as possible. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to the search for health services. This research used cross-sectional method. The population of this study was breast cancer patients where the sampling technique using consecutive sampling with the number of samples researched as many as 100 people. Data were obtained through a reliable questionnaire to use (Alpha Cronbach’s questionnaire = 0.92, Alpha Cronbach’s health questionnaire = 0.85). Analysis of this research data using univariate (frequency distribution), bivariate (Chi-Square) and multivariate (logistic regression).The result of bivariate analysis showed that the variables related to health seeking behavior are education (Ï value = 0.02; r = 0.3) and health belief (Ï value = 0.01; r = 0.24). While the variables that most related to health service seeking behavior was health belief (Ï value = 0.02) and OR value 3.46. This could be caused by patient’s health belief in which the patient assumes that the symptoms were not dangerous and the choice of alternative medicine as the first choice and the patient’s fear of treatment due to lack of information that obtained by the patient. It can be concluded that health beliefs are the most correlated factor with health-seeking behavior so it is necessary to consider the prevention efforts of breast cancer especially related to health belief. Community beliefs about routine health checks should be key interventions such as counseling and discussions with the community regarding the importance of routine health screening as part of early detection of disease.

Abstrak Point of view dalam desain game erat kaitannya dengan karakter, visualisasi, dan kamera. Seperti first person point of view dimana pemain menjadi karakter dalam game dengan penggunaan kamera yang memperlihatkan perspektif dari karakter game yang dimainkan. Third person point of view yaitu pemain mengontrol karakter sehingga penggunaan kamera memperlihatkan karakter yang dikontrol dan interaksinya dengan environment game. Dua point of view itu adalah point of view yang dikenal dalam desain game. Jika pemain bisa menjadi dan mengontrol karakter, bagaimana jika pemain tidak bisa menjadi maupun mengontrol karakter?. Karakteristik ini disebut sebagai fourth person point of view, istilah yang pertama kali digunakan oleh game Pavilion dalam materi promosinya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membahas karakteristik permainan fourth person point of view, dan perbandingannya dengan point of view lainnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus yang membahas mengenai game Pavilion dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa play-testing game, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa point of view dalam game memiliki kaitan dengan genre dan style game. Pada studi kasus game Pavilion karakteristik fourth person point of view dapat digunakan karena game tidak berfokus pada eksplorasi cerita dan karakter.  Kata kunci: fourth person point of view, game design, game Pavilion   Abstract Point of view in game design is closely related to character, visualization, and use of in-game cameras. First person point of view means that the player becomes the character in the game, and the camera only shows the perspective from the character’s eyes. The meaning of the third person point of view is the player controls the character, the camera shows the character entirely so the player can see how the character interacts within the environment. These two points of view are basically known in game design. If a player can become and control a character, what if the player cannot become or control the character? This characteristic is called as the fourth person point of view, the term that was first used by game Pavilion in its promotional material. The purpose of this research is to discuss the characteristics of the fourth person point of view, and the comparison with another point of view. This is a case study research that discusses the Pavilion game with data collection techniques through play-testing the game, interviews, and literature studies. The result of the study shows that the point of view in the game has to do with genre and game style. Moreover, the case study of game Pavilion shows that its characteristic of fourth person point of view is appropriate because the game does not focus on the exploration of story and character.  Keywords: fourth person point of view, game design, game Pavilion

Hujan Bulan Juni is a short comic illustrated by Mansjur Darman. It is a modified form of literary works from poetry text into comic. Converting the written language into a visual language can provide different understanding and reading experience because the visual language uses its own distinct and interesting "language system" which appealing to study. For example, the use of comic element such as panel that communicate ideas or stories. The panel is a space-time element which described the dimension of space and time as the actual concept that we know of. The panel also creates the illusion of invisible elements such as sounds. This paper examines 1) the use of visual language, especially panel representation on time and space on Hujan Bulan Juni short comic; 2) the aesthetic and atmosphere created by comic panels. This paper use qualitative descriptive approach by conducting literature study with the help of data analyses table. Findings indicate the overall use of panels on comic Hujan Bulan Juni depicted monotonously so that the space and time that the reader perceived of the story happened in one place and on the same time. In addition, the panels used in the comic produce a calm and gentle atmosphere. This is evident from the constant use of panels with no variation as well as time and timing impression of slow paced storytelling.

Empowering students’ metacognitive awareness is among the 21st century learning strategies. This research aims to determine the profile of students’ metacognitive awareness in Biology subject through the implementation of Cooperative Script (CS) modification strategy combined with Hybrid-PjBl. It employed quantitative method with the participants of students from XI IPA SMA 5 Malang. The instrument for data collection was Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, with descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment as data analysis techniques. Results show that 20% of students’ metacognitive awareness was in the “very good” category; 40% of students in the “good” category; while the remaining 40% were in the “fair” category. Based on more detailed analyses, one component of metacognition is classified as “fair”, six components are classified as “good”, while the rest is classified as “very good”. Most metacognition components are correlated with each other. These findings indicate that Biology learning with CS modification combined with Hybrid-PjBL potentially empowers students’ metacognitive awareness.

ABSTRAK Dalam praktiknya, banyak ruangan yang tidak memiliki ventilasi cahaya sehingga menggunakan sumber cahaya hingga selama 24 jam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem yang dapat meminimalkan penggunaan listrik untuk penerangan dengan menggunakan sistem solatube. Solatube akan memberikan sinyal pada dimmer yang mengatur kapasitas cahaya lampu sehingga tidak selalu membutuhkan performa penuh. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem solatube dapat menghasilkan nilai intensitas cahaya maksimal yang dapat memenuhi standar untuk ruang baca yaitu lebih dari 350 Lux dengan persentase penerangan menjadi hanya 1% - 79%, terutama selama penggunaan beban siang hari. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan penggunaan solatube penggunaan daya untuk penerangan dapat dikurangi, sehingga meningkatkan penghematan energi dan biaya. Kemudian alat ini dilengkapi dengan data logger yang dapat diakses melalui internet untuk memantau penggunaan listrik secara realtime sehingga dapat dilakukan monitoring dan evaluasi untuk pengembangan selanjutnya. Kata kunci: Sistem Pencahayaan, Solatube, Penghematan Energi, Data Logger. ABSTRACT In practice, many rooms do not have light ventilation, so they use light sources for up to 24 hours. This study aims to design a sistem that can minimize the use of electricity for lighting using a solatube sistem. Solatube provide a signal to the dimmer that regulates the light capacity of the lamp thus it does not always require full performance. Based on the test results, the solatube sistem can produce a maximum light intensity value that can meet the standards for the reading room, which is more than 350 Lux with the percentage of light being only 1% - 79%, especially during the use of daytime loads. This shows that with solatube lighting sistem, power consumption for lighting can be reduced, thereby increasing energy and cost savings. Furthermore this tool is equipped with a data logger that can be accessed via the internet to monitor realtime electricity usage thus that it can be monitored and evaluated for further development Keywords: lighting sistem, solatube, energy saving, data logger.

Uromyces acori (Uredinales) A Causal Agent of Rust Disease of Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) in Indonesia In Indonesia, an asexual state of a rust fungus namely Uredo acori has been considered as the causal agent rust disease of the sweet flag. No report according sexual state is available in Indonesia. The objectives of the present study are confirming the fungal identity morphologically and determine its optimal germinating temperature. An artificial inoculation was conducted by dusting the urediniospore onto detached leaves of sweet flag. Only leaves showed uredinia were selected. The tip bases of the leaves were dipped into a 4% sucrose solution, incubated in a room condition at 25 °C for inducing telial state with teliospore formations. Based on morphological characters of the teliospore and urediniospore, the rust fungus of sweet flag was identified as Uromyces acori. The fungus is germinating optimally at 25 °C.

ABSTRAK Isolator merupakan komponen yang penting dijaga keandalannya dalam sistem transmisi dan distribusi tenaga listrik. Isolator rentan mengalami kegagalan akibat lingkungan, karena terpapar langsung kondisi dimana isolator tersebut terpasang. Salah satu jenis isolator yang sering digunakan adalah bahan keramik, dimana memiliki kelebihan diantaranya kekuatan mekanik yang cukup handal. Namun kekurangan isolator jenis ini adalah sifat permukaannya yang hidrofilik, yaitu mudah menyerap air sehingga bila digunakan pada kelembaban tinggi cenderung memicu timbulnya arus bocor. Arus bocor merupakan parameter penting pada isolator karena sering menjadi penyebab kegagalan isolator. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kondisi lingkungan terhadap arus bocor, dilakukan pengujian terhadap isolator keramik dalam waktu 24 jam. Data arus bocor diambil setiap 3 jam untuk melihat perubahannya berdasarkan perubahan kelembaban, dan suhu lingkungan. Hasilnya didapat bahwa semakin tinggi kelembaban udara, dan semakin rendah suhu lingkungan maka arus bocor semakin tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk mengantisipasi kegagalan isolator keramik akibat arus bocor sehingga keandalan sistem tenaga listrik dapat terjaga. Kata kunci: Isolator keramik, Lingkungan, Kelembaban, Suhu. ABSTRACT Isolator is an important component that must be maintained to keep electric power transmission and distribution system reliability. Isolators are susceptible to failure due to the environment, because they are directly exposed to conditions where the insulator installed. Ceramic insulator is one type of isolator that is often used, which has advantages including mechanical strength that is quite reliable. However, the lack of this type of isolator is its hydrophilic surface, which is easy to absorb water so that when used at high humidity tends to trigger a leakage current. Leakage current is an important parameter in an insulator because it can be a cause due to insulator failure. To find out how environmental conditions impact on leakage currents along day, a ceramic isolator is tested within 24 hours. Leakage current data is taken every 3 hours to see the changes based on changes in humidity, and ambient temperature. The result is the higher humidity of the air, and the lower ambient temperature, can make insulator leakage current rise up. The results of this study can be used as a reference to anticipate the failure of ceramic insulators due to leakage currents so that the reliability of the electric power system can be maintained. Keywords: ceramic insulator, environtment, humidity, temperature.

ABSTRAK: Kecamatan Harau merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dimana terdapat UMKM yang memproduksi makanan khas Gelamai. Saat ini gelamai hanya dijual dalam sajian konvensional dan pengemasan yang tidak representatif, sehingga belum memiliki nilai jual tinggi sebagai produk unggulan Sumatera Barat. Program Pengembangan Produk Ungulan Daerah ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra yakni tentang modifikasi produk Gelamai hingga pengemasan untuk industri skala kecil. Kegiatan ini secara khusus bertujuan untuk Peningkatan pengetahuan yang lebih baik tentang manfaat coklat sebagai antioksidan bagi tubuh dan dikombinasikan dengan gelamai sebagai makanan spesifik dan produk unggulan Sumatera Barat, mitra mampu mengolah gelamai dan coklat menjadi berbagai varian rasa yang memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan dan keamanan pangan sehingga layak untuk dipasarkan. Dengan demikian hasil olahan gelamai yang diproduksi memiliki nilai ekonomi yang lebih tinggi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni hingga bulan November 2018 di Jorong Lubuk Jantan, Nagari Harau, Kecamatan Harau melalui metode ceramah dan tanya jawab serta demonstrasi, latihan dan pemberian tugas dari instruktur kepada peserta pelatihan, dan bimbingan. Produk yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dilakukan uji organoleptik oleh panelis ahli untuk mengetahui kualitasnya dari segi bentuk, warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa. Kata kunci: Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah, Diversifikasi, Gelamai, Coklat, Kualitas.

This research intended to determine the effect of palm oil tree shade and mixed planting on grass and leguminous on productivity. This research has been done on March—June 2018 in Tanjung Agung Area, Katibung District, Kalianda, South Lampung. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with split plot design method. The treatment was implemented in this research is (1) shading, consist of two levels, which are N0 (without shade) and N1 (palm oil tree shade) and (2) mixed plant species, consist of two variations; which is A1 (elephant grass and purple bush bean) and A2 (dwarf elephant grass and purple bush bean). The data which obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance on 5% significant level, then if the result significantly difference, it were analyzed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that palm oil shading has not significant effect on grass productivity. there is an interaction between the type of grass and oil palm shade on the number of elephant grass and odot grass tillers. The dry matter of grass on mixed planting on land without shade was significantly different with dry matter of grass on mixed planting in palm oil shade. However, it has tendency to increase organic matter of grasss on palm oil shade.