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Este artículo presenta la evolución de la institución jurídica del concubinato, desde las culturas de la Antigüedad —Mesopotamia y Roma— hasta nuestros días. Para tal efecto se expone un análisis comparado doctrinal, legislativo y jurisprudencial, basado en que lo que subyace en el concubinato es una relación de hecho o sociedad de convivencia que, sin embargo, se considera como una institución originada por cuestiones económicas. A partir de un significado etimológico y gramatical de “concubina”, resulta indignante para la mujer, puesto que el término la discrimina y vulnera su derecho a la dignidad humana. La presente investigación tiene por objeto conocer el motivo por el cual se sigue denominando “concubina” puesto que, desde la reforma constitucional del 10 de junio de 2011, se ha dado mayor reconocimiento a los derechos humanos y, por ende, a los de la mujer., This article presents the evolution of the legal institution of concubinage from the cultures of antiquity, more than 4000 years old, e. g. Mesopotamia, Rome up to the present day. For this purpose, a comparative doctrinal, legislative, and jurisprudential analysis is carried out, considering that what underlies concubinage is a de facto relationship or cohabitation society and that, nevertheless, it is considered to be an institution generated by economic issues. Therefore, based on the etymological and grammatical meaning of concubine, this term is outrageous for women, since it discriminates against them and violates their right to human dignity. Consequently, this research aims to find out why concubines are still referred to as such, given that, since the decade of the 21st century, there has been more progress and recognition of human rights, which has had an impact on the expansion of women’s rights, freedom, and equality.

[Resumen] El interés general en el Estado social y democrático de Derecho es la clave para entender el Derecho Administrativo de nuestro tiempo. El interés general se caracteriza por ser un concepto concreto, motivado, vinculado a la defensa, protección y promoción de la dignidad humana y los derechos fundamentales de ella derivados y participado., [Abstract] Public interest in a social and democratic state based on the rule of law is the key to understand the Administrative Law of today. Public interest is a specific concept, motivated, linked to the defense, protection and promotion of human dignity and the fundamental rights that come from and takes part in it.

El análisis del concepto de solidaridad en la obra de Javier de Lucas lleva al autor de este trabajo a plantearse de qué manera se conecta el principio de solidaridad con el de dignidad humana. Y la conclusión a la que llega es que se trata de principios complementarios y que se refuerzan mutuamente a la hora de fundamentar y de configurar los derechos., The analysis of the concept of solidarity in the work of Javier de Lucas leads the author of this work to consider how the principle of solidarity is related to the one of human dignity. The conclusion reached is that these two are complementary principles that reinforce each other when it comes to founding and configuring rights.

A pesar de que hoy en día existen compromisos y deberes de tipo moral, político y jurídico tendientes a dar fin a la pobreza, es vital profundizar en el deber moral de justicia de las empresas a contribuir a este objetivo haciendo énfasis en los valores de dignidad humana y libertad, en atención al desarrollo humano, la promoción de capacidades y no solo la satisfacción de necesidades básicas, bajo el fundamento que las empresas son agentes morales con una vocación social. Este trabajo, escrito desde la filosofía moral, pretende la construcción de un marco conceptual que permita a todo aquel relacionado con las empresas conocer el vínculo entre empresa y pobreza, que no es más que la relación entre el buen vivir de las personas y las contribuciones que le conciernen a las organizaciones realizar.

Obstetric violence is a philosophical problem, as it symbolizes the dehumanized treatment of women and the exercise of power over the female body, negatively affecting their rights. This is a concept born from the legal field, but it soon took on ethical, philosophical and interdisciplinary dimensions that deserve constant exploration, given that, in its background, it is related to structural problems of society, such as gender violence or institutional violence. , product of the growth of the patriarchal, androcentric and macho culture. By virtue of the above, the article analyzes obstetric violence as violence against women, as part of the mechanisms used by biopower, where the obstetrician, health personnel and the hospital become control devices that, in turn, Somehow, they model the behavior of women towards what is normatively expected by society. For this reason, obstetric violence is formed as an ideological construct, which is integrated into social hegemony, which objectifies, coerces and represses women, denying their rationality and dignity., La violencia obstétrica es un problema filosófico, en tanto simboliza el trato deshumanizado hacia la mujer y el ejercicio del poder sobre el cuerpo femenino, afectando negativamente sus derechos. Este es un concepto nacido del ámbito jurídico, pero que prontamente tomó dimensiones éticas, filosóficas e interdisciplinarias que ameritan exploración constante, dado que, en su trasfondo, se relaciona con problemas estructurales de la sociedad, tales como la violencia de género o la violencia institucional, producto del crecimiento de la cultura patriarcal, androcéntrica y machista. En virtud de lo anteriormente dicho, el artículo analiza la violencia obstétrica como una violencia ejercida contra la mujer, como parte de los mecanismos empleados por el biopoder, donde el obstetra, personal de salud y el hospital se convierten en dispositivos de control que, de alguna forma, modelan las conductas de la mujer hacia lo esperado normativamente por la sociedad. Por esta razón, la violencia obstétrica se forma como un constructo ideológico, que se integra a la hegemonía social, que cosifican, coaccionan y reprimen a la mujer, negando su racionalidad y dignidad.

The end of life implies the consideration of a series of care such as nutrition and hydration that can be considered as basic care or treatment, which influences the clinical care approach that can be offered to patients. For this reason, although the scientific literature is not clear regarding this possible duality and approach, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the matter in order to have elements that allow patients and relatives to assess that access and/or limitation to nutri-tion and hydration cannot be based exclusively on physiological criteria., El final de la vida implica la consideración de una serie de cuidados tales como la alimentación e hidratación que pueden ser considerados como un cuidado básico o un tratamiento, lo cual influye en el abordaje de la atención clínica que puede ofrecerse a los enfermos. Por ello, aunque la literatura científica no es clara con respecto a esta posible dualidad y enfoque, se hace necesario realizar un análisis de la cuestión para disponer de elementos que permitan valorar, por parte de pacientes y familiares, que el acceso y/o limitación a una alimentación e hidratación no puede basarse exclusivamente en criterios fisiológicos.

The article analyzes the relation between Freedom of Speech and Hate Speech, a subject that causes intense debates in the Constitutional Courts. Despite the controversy over the matter, these understandings prevail. The first one defends the supremacy of Freedom of Speech by acting in the presentation and selection of ideas, even if they are not accepted by the society, and improving the democratic debate. In the second understanding, human dignity prevails over freedom of speech, rejecting any discourse of intolerance. Communication would be guided by human dignity inscribed in the constitutional norms. It is noted that the analysis of both fundamental rights obtains multiple interpretations. Therefore, all caution is necessary in the limitation of fundamental rights, because although the legal assets may be in apparent conflict, it is common ground that freedom and dignity are relevant to the democratic-constitutional scenario., O artigo analisa a relação entre Liberdade de Expressão e Discurso de Ódio, tema objeto de intensos debates em Cortes Constitucionais. Apesar da controvérsia sobre a matéria, predominam os seguintes entendimentos. O primeiro defende a supremacia da Liberdade de Expressão atuando na apresentação e seleção de ideias, ainda que estas não sejam aceitas pela coletividade, e fortalecendo o debate democrático. Já no segundo entendimento, a dignidade humana prevalece sobre a liberdade de expressão, rechaçando-se qualquer discurso de intolerância. A comunicação seria balizada pela dignidade humana inscrita nas normas constitucionais. Nota-se que da análise dos dois direitos fundamentais se obtêm múltiplas interpretações. Logo, toda cautela é necessária na limitação de direitos fundamentais, pois embora os bens possam estar em aparente conflito, é pacífico que a liberdade e a dignidade são relevantes para o cenário democrático-constitucional., El artículo analiza la relación entre Libertad de Expresión y Discurso de Odio, tema objeto de intensos debates en Cortes Constitucionales. A pesar de la controversia sobre la materia, predominan los siguientes entendimientos. El primero defiende la supremacía de la Libertad de Expresión actuando en la presentación y selección de ideas, aunque éstas no sean aceptadas por la colectividad, y fortaleciendo el debate democrático. Ya en el segundo entendimiento, la dignidad humana prevalece sobre la libertad de expresión, rechazándose cualquier discurso de intolerancia. La comunicación estaría marcada por la dignidad humana inscrita en las normas constitucionales. Se observa que del análisis de los dos derechos fundamentales se obtienen múltiples interpretaciones. Por lo tanto, toda cautela es necesaria en la limitación de derechos fundamentales, pues aunque los bienes puedan estar en aparente conflicto, es pacífico que la libertad y la dignidad son relevantes para el escenario democrático-constitucional.

The judicial creation of the right to be forgotten is the product of extensive jurisprudential work of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Over the years, the Luxembourg Court has developed criteria linked to data protection and human activity on the Internet. Since its origin, fundamental rights, as general principles of law in the European legal system, have served as the basis and guideline for jurisdictional work. With this article, it is intended to illustrate, the general panorama of the judicial development of the right to be forgotten in the Court of Justice of the European Union. For this purpose, the path followed by the aforementioned Court is traced from its beginnings to the STJUE of May 13, 2014, in which, expressly, it recognized and briefly specified the scope of the stated right, within the framework of the regulation of protection of personal data in the digital environment. From this judicial itinerary, the main criteria that served as the basis for the decision made by the Court of Luxembourg in the landmark ruling on the right to be forgotten in the European legal system are extracted., La creación pretoriana del derecho al olvido es producto de una vasta labor jurisprudencial del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. A lo largo de los años, el Tribunal de Luxemburgo ha desarrollado criterios hermenéuticos vinculados a la protección de datos y a la actividad en Internet. Desde sus comienzos, los derechos fundamentales, como principios generales de Derecho en el ordenamiento jurídico europeo, han servido de base y pauta orientadora para el quehacer jurisdiccional. Con el presente artículo, se pretende ilustrar, para quienes así resulte interesante, el panorama general del desarrollo jurisprudencial del derecho al olvido en el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea. Para el efecto, se traza el recorrido seguido por el referido Tribunal desde sus comienzos hasta la STJUE de 13 de mayo del 2014, en la que, de manera expresa, reconoció y precisó someramente los alcances del citado derecho, en el marco de la regulación de protección de datos personales en el entorno digital. De este itinerario judicial, se extraen los principales criterios que sirvieron de base para la decisión que asumió el Tribunal de Luxemburgo en la sentencia hito sobre el derecho al olvido en el ordenamiento jurídico europeo.

The main objective of this research is to recognize the importance of this issue and to advocate for its decriminalization and legalization for individuals suffering from a terminal illness accompanied by unbearable pain, to the extent that they can no longer bear to continue living, and to provide them with the choice of euthanasia as a human right. If euthanasia is considered a human right for individuals who have already been diagnosed as terminally ill with a painful death, it will help prevent further physical suffering, thereby upholding other human rights such as human dignity and a dignified death. The type of research that will be conducted will be mixed, as it will be both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative in the sense that it will involve a study of the negative and positive aspects of this issue, and quantitative because through surveys conducted with the population, we will gain insight into their opinions, reasons for being in favor or against, and the obstacles in their beliefs., El objetivo principal de la presente investigación es poder reconocer la importancia de esta problemática y que se pueda despenalizar y legalizar para las personas que cuenten con una enfermedad en fase terminar, acompañada de un dolor insoportable, a tal punto que ya no aguante el poder seguir viviendo y se le brinde la elección de la eutanasia como un derecho humano. Si se logra considerar la eutanasia como un derecho humano a las personas que ya fueron diagnosticadas en desahucio con una muerte dolorosa, se logrará evitar que corra más desgaste físico, y de esta forma de logrará prevalecer otros derechos humanos, como lo son la dignidad humana y una muerte digna. El tipo de investigación que se llevará a cabo será mixta, toda vez que será cualitativa y cuantitativa, cualitativa toda vez que se realizará un estudio de los puntos negativos y positivos de esta problemática y cuantitativa ya que mediante encuestas que se realizará a la población se va a adquirir el pensar de ellos y del porqué están en contra o a favor y cuál es el impedimento en sus ideales.

This study aims to analyze the favorable elements of voluntary active euthanasia in patients with terminal illnesses, seeking its recognition as a fundamental right in Ecuador and its subsequent constitutionalization. To achieve this, a comparison was made between different types of euthanasia, emphasizing the current legislation in Ecuador, with a focus on the medical code of ethics, and the comparative law of countries that have legalized and regulated it, recognizing it as the right to a dignified death, as is the case in Colombia, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Furthermore, in-depth research was conducted into doctrinal trends supporting euthanasia as a human right, primarily based on the exercise of the principle of personal autonomy, the guarantee and defense of human dignity, and the alternative it offers to alleviate human suffering. These trends were evaluated to adapt them to the Ecuadorian context, considering constitutional principles such as Sumak Kawsay, dignified life, and the right to health, along with a comprehensive analysis of the principle of the progressive realization of rights to recognize euthanasia as a possible fundamental right. Finally, a comparison was presented between two studies with a time and age gap in the surveyed individuals, demonstrating the acceptance of euthanasia within the Ecuadorian population. With this study, the aim is to initiate a debate and generate discussion about euthanasia and the need for its regulation to protect the rights recognized in the Constitution.

This article shows the research results, conducted in Tasajera Department of Magdalena Colombia in 2020; from a qualitative approach through interviews and focus groups where the institutional deficiency that entails the violation of Human Rights is analyzed, and a deterioration of the human dignity of its inhabitants more than 500 years after its foundation; reflected in the precariousness of public and educational services and their environment. Strengthening in its inhabitants, the resilience capacity, within the personal, family and community, which is a daily engine to overcome their deep problems. The results show that the participants perceive Tasajera as having cultural richness, identity for its roots, environmental awareness, and recognition of education as an engine for development, which constitute protective and resilient factors for overcoming the adversity and state neglect to which they have frequently been subjected. Concluding, that it is a challenge of public policies; that together with all the social, legal, educational, and political forces, allow a culture of prevention and resistance in the face of adversity; through a paradigm focused on the care of oneself, the other and nature, in the promotion of a true democracy that guarantees human rights and repudiates all acts of corruption. That finally dignifies the world of life of its inhabitants for the achievement of their social mobility., Este artículo, muestra los resultados investigativos, realizado en Tasajera Departamento del Magdalena- Colombia en 2020; desde un enfoque cualitativo mediante entrevistas y grupos focales; se analizó la deficiencia institucional que conlleva a la vulneración de los Derechos Humanos, y un deterioro de la dignidad humana de sus pobladores a más de 500 años de su fundación; reflejada en la precarización de servicios públicos, educativos y su medio ambiente. Fortaleciéndose en sus pobladores, la capacidad de resiliencia, dentro de lo personal, familiar y comunitario, lo cual, es un motor diario de superación de sus problemáticas profundas. Los resultados muestran, que los participantes perciben a Tasajera, con riqueza cultural, identidad por sus raíces, conciencia ambiental y reconocimiento de la educación como motor de desarrollo; lo que se constituye en factores protectores y resilientes para la superación de la adversidad y abandono estatal del cual ha sido objeto frecuentemente. Concluyendo, que es todo un desafío de las políticas públicas; que, aunada a todas las fuerzas sociales, legales, educativas y políticas, permitan, una cultura de prevención y resistencia frente a la adversidad; mediante un paradigma centrado en el cuidado de sí, del otro y la naturaleza, en la promoción de una verdadera democracia que garantice los Derechos Humanos y repudie todo acto de corrupción. Que finalmente dignifique el mundo de vida de sus pobladores para el logro de su movilidad social.

Introduction: Human dignity from the point of view of positive law, is an inherent part of people, it constitutes a human right, inalienable, inalienable and unattachable, it is a permanent value. From the ancestral worldview, it is a natural right that is granted to those who practice good deeds and habits. Objective: Analyze the current situation of persons deprived of liberty (PPL) through bibliographic and field documentary research in order to determine if their human dignity is guaranteed in the Social Rehabilitation Centers of Ecuador. Methods: The inductive, analytical and legal descriptive method is used to study constitutional and conventional provisions, infrastructure, assigned resources and the rights of persons deprived of liberty in Social Rehabilitation Centers (CRS). Results: The present investigation indicates that there are opposing criteria between public servants and the PPL in relation to the indicators studied; However, making a correlation with the reports issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, it is evident the non-compliance with the regulations, the precarious infrastructure situation of the Centers, which, together with the lack of allocation of resources, aggravate the prison situation and express a extensive state inefficiency. Conclusions Despite the constant sanctions issued by international human rights organizations and the existing norm, in the Social Rehabilitation Centers of Ecuador the right to human dignity of the PPL is violated., Introducción: La dignidad humana desde el punto de vista del derecho positivo, es parte inherente de las personas, constituye un derecho humano, inalienable, irrenunciable e inembargable, es un valor permanente. Desde la cosmovisión ancestral, es un derecho natural que se le otorga a quienes practican buenas acciones y hábitos. Objetivo: Analizar la situación actual de las personas privadas de la libertad (PPL) mediante una investigación documental bibliográfica y de campo a fin de determinar si se garantiza su dignidad humana en los Centros de Rehabilitación Social del Ecuador. Métodos: Se emplea el método inductivo, analítico y jurídico descriptivo que permite estudiar disposiciones constitucionales y convencionales, la infraestructura, los recursos asignados y los derechos de las personas privadas de la libertad en los Centros de Rehabilitación Social (CRS). Resultados: La presente investigación señala que existen criterios opuestos entre los servidores públicos y las PPL en relación a los indicadores estudiados; sin embargo, realizando una correlación con los informes emitidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, es evidente el incumplimiento de la normativa, la precaria situación de infraestructura de los Centros, que acompañadas a la carente asignación de recursos agravan la situación carcelaria y expresan una amplia ineficacia estatal. Conclusiones A pesar de las constantes sanciones emitidas por los organismos internacionales de derechos humanos y a la norma existente, en los Centros de Rehabilitación Social del Ecuador se vulneran el derecho de dignidad humana de las PPL.

This article aims to discuss teacher education for peace, sustainability and social justice in the light of the scientific production of Educator Ubiratan D'Ambrosio, with the following problem: how does the scientific production of Mathematics Educator Ubiratan D'Ambrosio contribute to train teachers in favor of a more just and solidary planetary education? The methodology used was descriptive bibliographical research in a qualitative approach, and our investigative corpus was 10 scientific articles by Ubiratan, validated in a search carried out in the Google Academic database. These articles were analyzed under three categories: (i) Training Teachers for Peace; (ii) Training Teachers for Sustainability; and (iii) Training Teachers for Social Justice. The results revealed that teacher education can be oriented and based on a culture of Total Peace (Inner Peace, Social Peace, Environmental Peace, Military Peace), on the integration of knowledge based on transdisciplinarity as a key premise to promote planetary education and sustainability, and on the responsible and lucid performance of these professionals in the treatment of empowering their students to play an active and critical role in society, fighting social injustices and understanding how their actions can guarantee peace and human dignity., Este artigo objetiva discutir a formação docente para a Paz, Sustentabilidade e Justiça Social à luz da produção científica do Educador Ubiratan D’Ambrosio, buscando respostas para o seguinte problema de pesquisa: como a produção científica do Educador Matemático Ubiratan D’Ambrosio contribui para formar docentes em prol de uma educação planetária mais justa e solidária? Os pressupostos metodológicos vinculam-se à pesquisa descritiva bibliográfica numa abordagem qualitativa, sendo nosso corpus investigativo composto por 10 artigos científicos de Ubiratan, validados em pesquisa realizada junto à base de dados Google Acadêmico. Esses artigos foram analisados sob três categorias: (i) Formar Docentes para a Paz; (ii) Formar Docentes para a Sustentabilidade; e (iii) Formar Docentes para a Justiça Social. Os principais resultados revelaram que a formação docente pode ser orientada e fundamentada numa cultura de Paz Total (Paz Interior, Paz Social, Paz Ambiental, Paz Militar), na integração do conhecimento a partir da transdisciplinaridade como premissa chave para promover a educação planetária e a Sustentabilidade e na atuação responsável e lúcida desses profissionais visando potencializar seus estudantes para desempenharem papel ativo e crítico na sociedade, combatendo injustiças sociais e compreendendo como suas ações podem garantir a Paz e a dignidade humana.

This reflection article aims to analyze from a natural law study the carrying of weapons in the federal regulations of the United States. This to the extent that controversies have arisen as a result of the existing legislation in which the Supreme Court of the United States has safeguarded and reaffirmed the right to defense. Since this right has become a safeguard for property and private goods, it is for this reason that its protection contained in the second and fourteenth amendments of the United States Constitution gives rise to indiscriminate use due to lack of regulation, affecting to such an extent rights inherent to every person such as the right to life and human dignity., Este artículo de reflexión tiene como objetivo analizar desde un estudio iusnaturalista el porte de armas en la normativa federal de los Estados Unidos. Esto en la medida que actualmente se han generado controversias suscitadas a raíz de la legislación existente en la cual la Corte Suprema ha salvaguardado y reafirmado el derecho a la defensa. Toda vez que, este derecho se ha convertido en un resguardo a la propiedad y bienes privados es por ello que, su protección contenida en la segunda y decimocuarta enmienda de la constitución lugar a un uso indiscriminado por falta de regulación, afectando en tal medida derechos inherentes a toda persona como lo son el derecho a la vida y la dignidad humana.

Estudiar la iniciativa legislativa popular, a fin de presentar propuestas para el perfeccionamiento de la legislación brasileña, es la motivación de la presente tesis. Se investigaron las legislaciones españolas y de la Unión Europea buscando identificar elementos que podrían contribuir al perfeccionamiento de la legislación brasileña que trata de esta proyección del ejercicio del derecho fundamental a la participación popular en el procedimiento legislativo. Se analizaron los vínculos entre el Estado Constitucional y la democracia, así como el entrelazamiento entre el macroprincipio de la dignidad de la persona humana y los derechos políticos, bajo la perspectiva de la existencia de una crisis de la democracia en el Estado Constitucional. Se trabaja con la hipótesis de que el perfeccionamiento del sistema normativo brasileño debe tener en cuenta el modelo habermasiano de democracia deliberativa, basado en la racionalidad comunicativa fundamentada en la argumentación para alcanzar un acuerdo intersubjetivo a partir del diálogo., This Doctoral Thesis aims to investigate the constitutional and legal provisions of the popular legislative initiative in the current Constitutional States of Brazil and Spain, with the objective of, at the end, presenting proposals for the improvement of the regulations on the subject in Brazil. To this end, the starting point will be an analysis of the links between the Constitutional State and democracy, as well as the intertwining of the macro-principle of the dignity of the human person and political rights, from the perspective of the existence of a crisis of democracy in the Brazilian Constitutional State. The present research aims at the following: Identify what possible constitutional and/or legal alterations could be adopted for the improvement of the popular legislative initiative in Brazil, taking into account its aptitude to contribute, in a complementary way to representative democracy, to the increase of the quality of Brazilian democracy, in a constant feedback of the democratic flow.

The apparent recognition of the damage to the life project as part of the comprehensive reparation generated in Ecuador, a problem regarding the application of a figure widely debated since its origin. This research was structured in three chapters, through which the normative and jurisprudential development of this figure in Ecuador was analyzed. In the first chapter, an analytical-qualitative method was used to conduct a study of the life project in the doctrine; and a synthetic method was used to determine the importance of guaranteeing said project in relation to human dignity. The conclusion was the need to propose a new notion of life project, understanding it as an unnamed right. In the second chapter, the method used was analytical-qualitative to delimit the normative and doctrinal content of the damage to the life project, and subsequently differentiate it from other damages through a qualitative method. Finally, a critical-analytical method was used to understand its regulation in Ecuador, allowing to highlight it as an element of protection of the rights derived from human dignity. Finally, in the third chapter, an analytical-descriptive method and a content analysis technique were used to compile and examine the sentences handed down by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Court of Ecuador to delimit the criteria to be considered for a comprehensive reparation of the damage to the life project, highlighting the need to use alternative measures of reparation.

This degree project seeks to delve into the study of euthanasia, as a fundamental right inherent to the human being. Certainly, the Ecuadorian legislation does not allow its application, but it is no less true that the development of constitutional law in one way or another will at some point recognize it and become a milestone in Ecuadorian law. The Magna Carta of our nation recognizes all those rights derived from human dignity, that is, those rights that we hold by the simple fact of being born alive. So, if the right to a dignified life is recognized, it is imperative that the right to die with dignity be recognized. However, religious conceptions and their followers have allowed the sacred conception of life to be maintained in the legal framework, preventing the application of euthanasia. Thus, to think that euthanasia is viable in Ecuador would be to turn a utopia into a reality as it has been done in other countries, such as Colombia, the United States, Holland, Belgium, among others, because unlike of suicide, to die with dignity is a right, which goes beyond mere existence, because when the physical, mental, and intellectual conditions, as well as the suffering and agony, are intolerable and irreversible, it is the duty and obligation of the state to come to the aid of the administrator, of his principal, and that at his request he can be shielded with this right, that alleviates his suffering and ends his existence, in a dignified manner, in the companyof his loved ones in an atmosphere of peace and dignity

This article intends to make an analysis of the traditional justice model of an exclusively retributive nature, its move towards a type of restorative justice in the context of the change of the Constitution in 1991 and the birth of the Social State of Law in Colombia. With this purpose, a brief description is made of the form of administration of justice prior to the issuance of the Magna Carta and the way in which it materializes after it, both in the essential and fundamental principles of the constitution and throughout the Colombian legal system, especially from the founding principle of the social rule of law: Human dignity. In the same way, a comparison is made between the rule of law and the social rule of law regarding its definition in terms of what it is and what role both the victim and the perpetrator have in the criminal process, what are the purposes of the application and the mechanisms used for the administration of justice of both models. And, finally, it defines what restorative justice is in comparison to retributive justice and how it manifests itself and has been materializing in the Colombian penal system through norms such as the law. Keywords: State, restorative justice, retributive justice, human dignity, victims, victimizer., En el presente articulo se pretende hacer un análisis del modelo de justicia tradicional de carácter exclusivamente retributivo, su paso hacia un tipo de justicia restaurativa en el contexto del cambio de Constitución en el año 1991 y del nacimiento del Estado Social se Derecho en Colombia. Con este propósito, se realiza una breve descripción de la forma de administración de justicia previa a la expedición de la carta magna y la manera en que esta se materializa posterior a ella tanto en los principios esenciales y fundamentales de la constitución como a lo largo del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, sobre todo a partir del principio fundante del estado social de derecho: La dignidad humana. De igual forma, se hace una comparación entre el estado de derecho y el estado social de derecho sobre su definición en cuanto a que es y qué papel tiene tanto la víctima como el victimario en el proceso penal, cuáles son los fines de la aplicación y los mecanismos usados para en la administración de justicia de ambos modelos. Y, por último, se define qué es la justicia restaurativa en comparación a la justicia retributiva y de qué forma se manifiesta y se ha estado materializando en el sistema penal colombiano a través de normas como la ley 1448 de 2011. Palabras Clave: Estado, justicia restaurativa, justicia retributiva, dignidad humana, víctimas, victimario.

The phenomenon of prison overcrowding has been diagnosed by the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, in the context of the Declaration of the Unconstitutional State of Things (ECI) and by specialized studies.to protect, or at least establish a minimum basis for safeguarding the fundamental right to human dignity. Tothis, the document presents two related causes: the non-desocialization, explaining one of the instruments to achieved it in the district experience, and the adoption of the model of restorative justice.The first is presented as a constitutional principle, and a parameter for measuring the social reintegration function assigned by law to a prison sentence. The second, as a mechanism for successful implementation in the district prison system., El trabajo de la Comisión Asesora Distrital de Política Criminal se ha enfocado en entender el fenómeno del hacinamiento carcelario, a partir de la dinámicas propias de los establecimientos de reclusión que operan en la Capital, tomando como base las declaratorias de Estado de Cosas Inconstitucional-ECI, pronunciadas por la Corte Constitucional en materia penitenciaria y carcelaria. La Comisión ha logrado mediante el trabajo de su “Grupo o Mesa de Trabajo de Hacinamiento”, identificar las causas diagnosticadas del hacinamiento, lo cual ha sido objeto, se repite, tanto de los pronunciamientos de la Corte, como de estudios especializados. En ese marco se han logrado identificar dos fenómenos conexos que permiten proteger, o al menos, establecer una base mínima de salvaguarda del derecho fundamental a la dignidad humana, en entornos de privación de la libertad y de hacinamiento carcelario, esto es, la no desocialización, y uno de los instrumentos propicios para lograrlo, según se muestra en la experiencia distrital, la adopción de un modelo de justicia restaurativa.