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Copyright of Médecine et Santé Tropicales is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sputtering of silicon in a Helium magnetron discharge has been reported as a bottom-up procedure to obtain amorphous Si films containing high amounts of gas-filled nanopores. Here we compare the microstructure and composition of Si–He nanocomposite films deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) with 4He in DC or RF and 3He in RF operation modes. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ion beam analysis (IBA) have been used to analyze the films and to investigate the in-situ and ex-situ thermal evolution. Depending on deposition conditions different in depth compositions, nanopore size and shape distribu t ions, porosity and He content could be obtained. The presence of impurities (i.e. oxygen) has shown to promote He diffusivity reducing He accumulation. The start temperature of He-release varied in the range 473–723 K without films crystallization. Films grown in RF mode reached contents of 32 and 29 at% of 4He and 3He and were respectively stable up to 573 and 723 K both in vacuum and under inert gas flow. In-situ p-EBS (proton Elastic Back Scattering) allowed monitoring the He release accompanied by blistering/delamination effects visualized by SEM. These results show the potentiality of annealing to hold nano-porous structures after liberation of trapped gas. [Display omitted] • Si sputtering in He to produce amorphous silicon films containing gas filled nanopores. • A maximum He/Si atomic ratio of 0.9 has been achieved. • Determination of microstructure and composition for different deposition conditions. • He release starts at 573–723 K annealing temperature for ca. 30 at% He content. • Tuning from solid-gas (4He and 3He) nanocomposites to nano-porous amorphous silicon films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Objectives of this study were to calculate the rate of stillbirth in the Regional Hospital Kindia maternity and describe the sociodemographic profile of pregnant women that gave birth to stillborn children. Methodology: This was a prospective descriptive type study on all stillbirths (mother and newborn) received in the Regional Kindia hospital maternity over a period of 12 months from 1 January to 31 December 2012 on a continuous series of 139 cases of stillbirth. Result: The stillbirth rates found in our study are diverse and higher in the group of women with the following characteristics: high maternal age (75‰in women 40 years or more), lower level study (88.98‰), low socio-economic level (52.16‰), the unmarried status (54.01‰), medical evacuation (95.23‰), multiparity (97.56‰), poor prenatal care (110.56‰). New born males were most affected (64.03‰), as well as those from a full-term pregnancy (79.86‰) and those with normal birth weight (82.73‰). Morphologically, most newborns were not macerated (71.94‰), the rate was higher in case of breech presentation (87.37‰). In case of associated maternal morbidities, the rate of stillbirth was 205.81‰. Conclusion: The high rate of stillbirth in our series is the result of poor management of pregnancy and labor, the low purchasing power of the population, a low level of education and arduous accessibility to referral hospitals, one of which is the regional hospital Kindia (remoteness of most of the population living in rural area, poor condition of the roads linking rural areas to urban centers). The decrease in the frequency of stillbirth would be the effect of collective actions, engaging the state as well as the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Envenomation by snakebite remains a public health problem in Africa. The purpose of our work was to study the acute complications of snakebite envenomation and the risk factors for its complications. Method: This was a retrospective and prospective study over a period of 07 years, which was performed in the department of anesthesia resuscitation and emergencies of CHU-Mother Child "Luxembourg" of Bamako. Results: During this period, 76 cases of Ophidian envenomation were recorded. The average age of the patients was 34 ± 12 years old. The family of vipers (Echis and Bitis) was the most incriminated 84,61% of the cases. Hemorrhagic complications were observed in 78.94% of patients, other complications (cardiovascular, neurological, dermatological, ophthalmological ...) were observed in 21.05% of patients. The main risk factor for complication observed was the delay in management (> 6 hours delay) in 100% of patients. The absence of serotherapy and or the initial resort to traditional treatment have been complicating risk factors. Almost all victims of Elapidae bites, 89.9% (5/6 cases) died. Serotherapy was performed urgently in 97.4% of cases. The morbidity in our study was 10.52% with a 7.8% mortality. Conclusion: in our context, the management of envenomations by snake bite remains dependent on a multitude of complications. The prognosis is conditioned by the early administration of symptomatic treatment and a specific antidote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Traditional gold washing traumatism during traditional gold panningfalls within the scope of occupational accidents, which are common pathologies in developing countries such as Mali. Our work aimed to study traumatism during traditional gold panning. Material and method: A 1- year prospective study from November 2014 to November 2015 on the cases of traumatism during traditional gold washing (TOT) admitted to the emergency room(ER) of the University Hospital Gabriel Touré during the study period. Data were collected from outpatient visit records and medical charts. Data were collected on the survey sheets and analyzed with Epi-info version 7.1.1.0.fr software. Data entry was made with Windows 7 software. Results: During the study period, 21,400 patients were admitted to the ER, of whom 445 patients were victims of traumatism, a frequency of 2.08% of all outpatient visits in the ER. The age group 21-40 years old was the most represented with 64.94% of the cases. The male gender was predominant with 77.08% of the cases with a sex ratio of 3.36. Mine landslides were the most common causalityin65.39% of the cases. Dorsal spine involvement was the most common with 41.80% of cases. Medullary vertebral fracture was the most frequent diagnosis with 43.82% of cases. In total, 79.55% of patients received medical treatment. Patients or were transferred to neurosurgery department in 58.20% of cases. Conclusion: Traumatism during traditional gold panning is common. Lesions most often fit in a context of polytraumatism. The rapidity of the diagnosis and management are crucial to the prognosis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial culturomics represents a completely new approach to investigate microbial diversity by using different optimized culture conditions, mass spectrometry, genome sequencing and annotation and phenotypic description that allow for an extensive characterization of new species and the study of the human microbiome. Here we present four new species within the genus Paenibacillus : ‘Paenibacillus bouchesdurhonensis’ strain Marseille-P3071 T , ‘Paenibacillus rubinfantis’ strain MT18 T , ‘Paenibacillus senegalimassiliensis’ strain SIT18 T and ‘Paenibacillus tuaregi’ strain Marseille-P2472 T , which are all facultatively aerobic and Gram-positive bacilli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the main characteristics of five new species, ‘ Marasmitruncus massiliensis’ strain Marseille-P3646 T (CSUR P3646), ‘ Clostridium culturomicum ’ strain Marseille-P3545 T (CSUR P3545), ‘ Blautia provencensis ’ strain Marseille-P3502 T (CSUR P3502), ‘ Bacillus caccae ’ strain Marseille-P3604 T (CSUR P3604) and ‘ Ornithinibacillus massiliensis ’ strain Marseille-P3601 T (CSUR P3601), which were isolated recently from undernourished children's stool samples from Niger using microbial culturomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Management of childbirth in cases where there is a scarred uterus is one of the most debated topics in modern obstetrics. The aim of this study was to improve the management and the prognosis of childbirth with a scarred uterus in our department, and to understand the indications of the type of delivery and the complications reported in cases of an attempted vaginal delivery. Materials and methods: This is a prospective descriptive and comparative study, carried out from 1 August 2013 to 31 July 2014 in the gynaecology and obstetrics department at the Ignace-Deen National Hospital of Conakry University Hospital in Guinea. Results: We identified 546 births with a scarred uterus, which is a prevalence of 14.14% of all births. On admission, an attempted vaginal delivery was recommended for 148 patients (27.10%) and this was successful in 36.6% of cases, which is an overall caesarean section rate of 90.31%. The maternal characteristics that had a proven influence on the type of delivery chosen were age of the mother, parity, the mode of delivery, the time since the last caesarean section, the number of uterine scars, the presentation, the condition of the pelvis and the type of pregnancy. The only factor associated with a successful vaginal birth was a history of a vaginal delivery. All patients who gave birth vaginally did so naturally. At total of 8 cases of a ruptured uterus were reported, plus 4 cases of postpartum haemorrhage. New-borns had an Apgar score greater than or equal to 7 in the majority of cases (95.66%), and the chosen method of delivery did not influence the 5 minute post-birth Apgar score. Conclusion: Childbirth with a scarred uterus is relatively common in our department. It is associated with an increased risk of caesarean section, but the maternal and foetal prognoses were generally good. Good prenatal follow-up and thorough monitoring of the study may improve our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of the study was to present the findings of an audit tool aimed at assessing contact tracing activities during an Ebola outbreak. Methods: The tool was based on Ebola guidelines and observations in the field. It was composed of 38 indicators covering contact tracing preparatives, resources, procedures and results. Results: All contact tracing teams were assessed in Boké and Conakry prefectures (24 supervisors, 22 community workers, 442 contacts) between 1 July and 10 August 2015. Contact lists had less than a 40% accomplishment rate. 7% of the contacts were not seen by community workers or supervisors. 'No touch policy' was fully respected. Conclusion: Audit checklist helped to systematically identify critical issues related to contact tracing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present study, the chemical composition of Origanum compactum essential oil was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and its mutagenic and antimutagenic activities were investigated by the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. No significant increase in the number of somatic mutations was observed with the essential oil tested using both the standard (ST) and high bio-activation (HB) cross. In order to investigate the antimutagenic effect of the essential oil, we have tested the effect on the indirect-acting mutagen urethane (URE), as well as the direct-acting mutagen methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). O. compactum essential oil showed a strong inhibitory effect against URE-induced mutagenicity, especially with the HB cross. However, only a weak inhibitory effect on the mutagenicity induced by MMS was observed. These results suggest that the detected antimutagenicity could be mediated by an inhibitory effect on metabolic activation. The essential oil was fractionated to identify the components responsible of the suppressing effect detected. Seven fractions were obtained: two of them showed the most potent inhibitory effect against URE-induced mutagenicity and were further fractionated. The sub-fractions obtained from the second chromatographic fractionation were tested for their antimutagenic activity, together with carvacrol and thymol. The highest antimutagenic effect obtained with the sub-fractions was similar to the effect of the crude essential oil, as well as to the effect of carvacrol alone. These results suggest the absence of a synergic antimutagenic effect between the components of O. compactum essential oil and indicate that carvacrol was the most active oil component. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The application of immunoaffinity chromatography for the purification of Taxus plant and cell extracts prior to the HPLC analysis is described. Polyclonal antibodies raised against 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-DAB III), paclitaxel’s main precursor in plant, were characterised by enzymed-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulins from selected antisera were immobilised on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. The immunoaffinity column was used for the purification of plant and plant cell culture extracts prior to their analysis by HPLC. Immunoaffinity chromatography enabled the selective concentration of taxoids and enhanced sample clean-up. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Paenibacillus phocaensis sp. nov. strain mt24 T (= CSUR P2238 = DSM 101777) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, spore-forming and motile bacilli. This strain was isolated from the stool sample of a healthy infant from Niger. Its genome was estimated to a size of 5 521 415 bp with a 53.54% GC content. It contains 4835 protein-coding genes and 89 RNAs, among which two were 16S rRNA genes. There were also 101 genes (2.09%) identified as ORFans.

Bacillus andreraoultii strain SIT1(T) (= CSUR P1162 = DSM 29078) is the type strain of B. andreraoultii sp. nov. This bacterium was isolated from the stool of a 2-year-old Nigerian boy with a severe form of kwashiorkor. Bacillus andreraoultii is an aerobic, Gram-positive rod. We describe here the features of this bacterium, together with the complete genome sequencing and annotation. The 4 092 130 bp long genome contains 3718 protein-coding and 116 RNA genes.

Bacillus niameyensis sp. nov. strain SIT3(T) (= CSUR P1266 = DSM 29725) is the type strain of B. niameyensis sp. nov. This Gram-positive strain was isolated from the digestive flora of a child with kwashiorkor and is a facultative anaerobic rod and a member of the Bacillaceae family. This organism is hereby described alongside its complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4  286  116 bp long genome (one chromosome but no plasmid) contains 4130 protein-coding and 66 RNA genes including five rRNA genes.

Bacillus rubiinfantis sp. nov. strain mt2(T) is the type strain of B. rubiinfantis sp. nov., isolated from the fecal flora of a child with kwashiorkor in Niger. It is Gram-positive facultative anaerobic rod belonging to the Bacillaceae family. We describe the features of this organism alongside the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4 311 083 bp long genome (one chromosome but no plasmid) contains 4028 protein-coding gene and 121 RNA genes including nine rRNA genes.

Aims: The authors report the results of a study whose aim was to study ischemic stroke on atrial fibrillation associated with valvular rheumatic disease., Method: The study was retrospective and descriptive covering a period of 5 years in the cardiology department of the Point G hospital, based off of in-patient records., Results: Twelve cases meeting the criteria were selected among a total of 1229 stroke admissions, or a prevalence of stroke and rheumatic valvular atrial fibrillation of 0.97%., The sex ratio was equal to 1 with an average age 36 years ±2 where the youngest and oldest patients were 24 and 48 years old. The most common medical antecedents were rheumatic valvular heart disease and throat angina. The cardiological clinical aspect was dominated by an irregular beat and in neurological terms aphasia and right hemiplegia dominated 1/3 of cases. The atrial fibrillation was the constant electric signal with a dominant mitral valve impairment as observed via Doppler echocardiography. The cerebral scanner showed that the ischemia was constant., Conclusion: The occurrence of Ischemic strokes on the atrial fibrillation rheumatic valve is a combination of a significant frequency. Its management is complex, prevention remains the only effective measure., (Le comitée de rédaction se réserve le droit de revoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de sonserver un examplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)

The determination of risk factors a low to prevent or to delay the apparition of certain diseases. Our study put out in Cardiology A of Hôpital du Point G. gold to determine the main risk factors of ischemic heart diseases between 162 patients. It appears that all classical risk factors (HBP, Diabetes, obesity, tobacco use, sedentary, menopause, contraceptives, dyslipidemia) were found among patients. It appears particularly that avoidable risk factors such tobacco use among young men, sedentary and obesity play important role in the beginning. So it is possible to deploy an efficient prevention politic.