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203. State Transition Diagrams

Author

Desharnais, Jules, Frappier, Marc, Mili, Ali, Bernus, Peter, editor, Błażewicz, Jacek, editor, Schmidt, Günter, editor, Shaw, Michael, editor, and Mertins, Kai, editor

Published
2006
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204. Testing Probabilistic Equivalence Through Reinforcement Learning

Author

Desharnais, Josée, Laviolette, François, Zhioua, Sami, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Arun-Kumar, S., editor, and Garg, Naveen, editor

Published
2006
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205. Demonic Algebra with Domain

Author

De Carufel, Jean-Lou, Desharnais, Jules, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Schmidt, Renate A., editor

Published
2006
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206. Trace Equivalence Characterization Through Reinforcement Learning

Author

Desharnais, Josée, Laviolette, François, Moturu, Krishna Priya Darsini, Zhioua, Sami, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Lamontagne, Luc, editor, and Marchand, Mario, editor

Published
2006
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207. Static Analysis of Programs Using Omega Algebra with Tests

Author

Bolduc, Claude, Desharnais, Jules, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Dough, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, MacCaull, Wendy, editor, Winter, Michael, editor, and Düntsch, Ivo, editor

Published
2006
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208. Verification of Pushdown Systems Using Omega Algebra with Domain

Author

Mathieu, Vincent, Desharnais, Jules, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Dough, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, MacCaull, Wendy, editor, Winter, Michael, editor, and Düntsch, Ivo, editor

Published
2006
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215. Squaring Things Up with R2: What It Is and What It Can (and Cannot) Tell You

Author

Kevin Chalifoux, Félix Camirand Lemyre, Pascal Mireault, and Brigitte Desharnais

Subjects
Heteroscedasticity, Chemical Health and Safety, Coefficient of determination, Calibration (statistics), Calibration curve, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010401 analytical chemistry, Linearity, Context (language use), Regression analysis, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Calibration, Linear regression, Linear Models, Environmental Chemistry, Applied mathematics, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, Mathematics
Abstract

The coefficient of correlation (r) and the coefficient of determination (R2 or r2) have long been used in analytical chemistry, bioanalysis and forensic toxicology as figures demonstrating linearity of the calibration data in method validation. We clarify here what these two figures are and why they should not be used for this purpose in the context of model fitting for prediction. R2 evaluates whether the data are better explained by the regression model used than by no model at all (i.e., a flat line of slope = 0 and intercept $\bar y$), and to what degree. Hopefully, in the context of calibration curves, the fact that a linear regression better explains the data than no model at all should not be a point of contention. Upon closer examination, a series of restrictions appear in the interpretation of these coefficients. They cannot indicate whether the dataset at hand is linear or not, because they assume that the regression model used is an adequate model for the data. For the same reason, they cannot disprove the existence of another functional relationship in the data. By definition, they are influenced by the variability of the data. The slope of the calibration curve will also change their value. Finally, when heteroscedastic data are analyzed, the coefficients will be influenced by calibration levels spacing within the dynamic range, unless a weighted version of the equations is used. With these considerations in mind, we suggest to stop using r and R2 as figures of merit to demonstrate linearity of calibration curves in method validations. Of course, this does not preclude their use in other contexts. Alternative paths for evaluation of linearity and calibration model validity are summarily presented.

Published
2021

216. Acetic Acid Etching of Mg-xGd Alloys

Author

Marcjanna Maria Gawlik, Björn Wiese, Alexander Welle, Jorge González, Valérie Desharnais, Jochen Harmuth, Thomas Ebel, and Regine Willumeit-Römer

Subjects
Mg-Gd alloy, surface treatments, acetic acid etching, surface characterization, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

Mg-xGd alloys show potential to be used for degradable implants. As rare earth containing alloys, they are also of special interest for wrought products. All applications from medical to engineering uses require a low and controlled degradation or corrosion rate without pitting. Impurities from fabrication or machining, like Fe inclusions, encourage pitting, which inhibits uniform material degradation. This work investigates a suitable etching method to remove surface contamination and to understand the influence of etching on surface morphology. Acetic acid (HAc) etching as chemical surface treatment has been used to remove contamination from the surface. Extruded Mg-xGd (x = 2, 5 and 10) discs were etched with 250 g/L HAc solution in a volume of 5 mL or 10 mL for different times. The microstructure in the near surface region was characterized. Surface characterization was done by SEM, EDS, interferometry, and ToF-SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) analysis. Different etching kinetics were observed due to microstructure and the volume of etching solution. Gd rich particles and higher etching temperatures due to smaller etchant volumes promote the formation of pits. Removal of 2–9 µm of material from the surface was sufficient to remove surface Fe contamination and to result in a plain surface morphology.

Published
2019
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224. Synthesis of State Feedback Controllers for Parameterized Discrete Event Systems

Author

Bherer, Hans, Desharnais, Jules, Frappier, Marc, St-Denis, Richard, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Wang, Farn, editor

Published
2004
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225. Describing Gen/Kill Static Analysis Techniques with Kleene Algebra

Author

Fernandes, Therrezinha, Desharnais, Jules, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Kozen, Dexter, editor

Published
2004
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226. Investigating Discrete Controllability with Kleene Algebra

Author

Bherer, Hans, Desharnais, Jules, Frappier, Marc, St-Denis, Richard, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Berghammer, Rudolf, editor, Möller, Bernhard, editor, and Struth, Georg, editor

Published
2004
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227. Kleene Algebra with Relations

Author

Desharnais, Jules, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Berghammer, Rudolf, editor, Möller, Bernhard, editor, and Struth, Georg, editor

Published
2004
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229. The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Degradation of Biomedical Mg Alloys—A Review Paper

Author

Marcjanna Maria Gawlik, Björn Wiese, Valérie Desharnais, Thomas Ebel, and Regine Willumeit-Römer

Subjects
surface treatments, roughness, Mg-alloys, degradation behavior, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85
Abstract

This report reviews the effects of chemical, physical, and mechanical surface treatments on the degradation behavior of Mg alloys via their influence on the roughness and surface morphology. Many studies have been focused on technically-used AZ alloys and a few investigations regarding the surface treatment of biodegradable and Al-free Mg alloys, especially under physiological conditions. These treatments tailor the surface roughness, homogenize the morphology, and decrease the degradation rate of the alloys. Conversely, there have also been reports which showed that rough surfaces lead to less pitting and good cell adherence. Besides roughness, there are many other parameters which are much more important than roughness when regarding the degradation behavior of an alloy. These studies, which indicate the relationship between surface treatments, roughness and degradation, require further elaboration, particularly for biomedical Mg alloy applications.

Published
2018
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232. Single-cell spatial landscape of immunotherapy response reveals mechanisms of CXCL13 enhanced antitumor immunity

Author

Mark Sorin, Elham Karimi, Morteza Rezanejad, Miranda W Yu, Lysanne Desharnais, Sheri A C McDowell, Samuel Doré, Azadeh Arabzadeh, Valerie Breton, Benoit Fiset, Yuhong Wei, Roni Rayes, Michele Orain, Francois Coulombe, Venkata S K Manem, Andreanne Gagne, Daniela F Quail, Philippe Joubert, Jonathan D Spicer, and Logan A Walsh

Subjects
Pharmacology, Cancer Research, Oncology, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

BackgroundImmunotherapy has revolutionized clinical outcomes for patients suffering from lung cancer, yet relatively few patients sustain long-term durable responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor immune microenvironment fosters tumorous heterogeneity and mediates both disease progression and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). As such, there is an unmet need to elucidate the spatially defined single-cell landscape of the lung cancer microenvironment to understand the mechanisms of disease progression and identify biomarkers of response to ICI.MethodsHere, in this study, we applied imaging mass cytometry to characterize the tumor and immunological landscape of immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer by describing activated cell states, cellular interactions and neighborhoods associated with improved efficacy. We functionally validated our findings using preclinical mouse models of cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade.ResultsWe resolved 114,524 single cells in 27 patients treated with ICI, enabling spatial resolution of immune lineages and activation states with distinct clinical outcomes. We demonstrated that CXCL13 expression is associated with ICI efficacy in patients, and that recombinant CXCL13 potentiates anti-PD-1 response in vivo in association with increased antigen experienced T cell subsets and reduced CCR2+ monocytes.DiscussionOur results provide a high-resolution molecular resource and illustrate the importance of major immune lineages as well as their functional substates in understanding the role of the tumor immune microenvironment in response to ICIs.

Published
2023

239. Secure Self-certified Code for Java

Author

Debbabi, M., Desharnais, J., Fourati, M., Menif, E., Painchaud, F., Tawbi, N., Goos, Gerhard, editor, Hartmanis, Juris, editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, editor, Abdallah, Ali E., editor, Ryan, Peter, editor, and Schneider, Steve, editor

Published
2003
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245. Weak Bisimulation is Sound and Complete for PCTL*

Author

Desharnais, Josée, Gupta, Vineet, Jagadeesan, Radha, Panangaden, Prakash, Goos, Gerhard, editor, Hartmanis, Juris, editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, editor, Brim, Luboš, editor, Křetínský, Mojmír, editor, Kučera, Antonín, editor, and Jančar, Petr, editor

Published
2002
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