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Nanosilver fluoride (NSF) was developed as an alternative in the prevention of dental caries.

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física UCM is the property of Ediciones Universidad Catolica del Maule and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Social insects can live in densely populated colonies where mortality risks are increased by inter-individual transmission of pathogens. Thus, diverse strategies are employed against such infection risks, including the display of sophisticated behavioural traits. Considering that the waste of the leaf-cutting ant contains pathogens, worker ants that tend the fungus garden – here called fungus garden workers – should exhibit avoidance behaviour toward midden workers to minimize contamination of the fungus garden. We studied the behaviour of garden workers when confronted with midden and forager workers in colonies ofAtta sexdens(Linnaeus, 1758). Eight colonies were used: in four colonies, the midden was inoculated with spores of the weed fungusEscovopsis weberi(Muchovej and Della Lucia, 1990), and in the other four colonies there was no artificial contamination. Grooming, self-grooming, inspection, immobilization and aggression behaviours were quantified. Additionally, we checked for fungal contaminants on the body surfaces of midden and garden workers from non-inoculated colonies. Garden workers displayed more intense behaviours (grooming, inspection and immobilization) toward midden workers than toward foragers; these behaviours did not differ betweenEscovopsis-inoculated and non-inoculated colonies. No antagonist behaviour was displayed by garden workers toward midden or forager workers independently of the inoculation treatment. Eight fungus species were isolated from the midden and garden workers, includingTrichodermasp., a probable antagonist of the fungus garden. Garden workers ofA. sexdensdiscriminate against midden workers; however, a previous hypothesis that pathogens from the midden induce the aggressiveness of internal workers is not supported by our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simon D Taylor-Robinson, 1 Paulo Alberto De Souza Lopes, 2 Jey Zdravkov, 3 Rachel Harrison 4 1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; 2Department of Medicine, UAI Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 3Dean Street Sexual Health Clinic, London, UK; 4Department of South East Asian Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, London, UKCorrespondence: Simon D Taylor-Robinson Email Str338333@gmail.com We thank Sharma and her co-authors for their very insightful comments on our perspective on bullying in Medicine. 1,2 We completely agree with them that bullying has been an issue at all stages in the medical career pathway, including at an undergraduate level. 1 We agree also that to be fully comprehensive, discussion of the medical student experience should have been included, but our article went through several journals before it was accepted and the advice consistently given was to concentrate on the specific experience of our “reportee”. 2 View the original paper by Taylor-Robinson and colleagues A Letter to the Editor has been published for this article.

The Internet popularization has propitiated an improvement in how people make purchases, obtain information, disseminate their services and a number of other advantages. According to this trend, the Research and Extension department of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte also uses the World Wide Web to divulge events, project notices, training courses, etc. However this department has been faced with some elements which hinder the operationalization of its activities. Thus, in order to provide an improvement in the execution of department' tasks, this paper aims to develop a prototype to manage projects on campus. According to users, the work may be considered satisfactory because meets their main requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]