933 results on '"David, Cooper"'
Search Results
202. Cricket
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David Cooper
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- 2020
203. Use of the MILLIPLEX
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Katrin, Smith, Léanie, Kleynhans, Candice, Snyders, Netanya, Bernitz, David, Cooper, Paul, van Helden, Robin M, Warren, Michele A, Miller, and Wynand J, Goosen
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Immunoassay ,Buffaloes ,Animals ,Cytokines ,Tuberculosis ,Animals, Wild ,Mycobacterium bovis ,Biomarkers - Abstract
As a recognized Mycobacterium bovis maintenance host, the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) poses transmission risks to livestock, humans and other wildlife. Early detection of M. bovis infection is critical for limiting its spread. Currently, tests detecting cell-mediated immune responses are used for diagnosis in buffaloes. However, these may have suboptimal sensitivity or specificity, depending on the blood stimulation method. Recent evidence suggests that assays using combinations of host cytokine biomarkers may increase diagnostic performance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the application of a MILLIPLEX
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- 2020
204. Contemporary British place writing
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David Cooper
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- 2020
205. Bat Impact Minimization Technology - An Improved Bat Deterrent for the Full Swept Rotor Area of Any Wind Turbine
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Myron Floyd Miller, Rickards Erick James, Thomas Jay Green, and David Cooper
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Rotor (electric) ,law ,Environmental science ,Minification ,Turbine ,Marine engineering ,law.invention - Published
- 2020
206. Dynamics of dissolved organic matter in headwaters: comparison of headwater streams with contrasting DOM and nutrient composition
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Chris D. Evans, Timothy G. Jones, Davey L. Jones, Ophélie Fovet, David Cooper, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UK Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Bangor University, and The University of Western Australia (UWA)
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0106 biological sciences ,Biogeochemical cycle ,Peat ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,STREAMS ,Aquatic Science ,01 natural sciences ,Nutrient ,Dissolved organic carbon ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Abiotic component ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,15. Life on land ,6. Clean water ,13. Climate action ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Environmental science ,Terrestrial ecosystem - Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwaters is recognised as a significant and active component of the global carbon budget. DOM exported from terrestrial ecosystems may be compositionally and functionally altered by chemical and biological reactions as it is transported downstream. The processes affecting DOM in headwater streams remain uncertain but are potentially highly variable depending on DOM composition and nutrient availability as a function of soils, land-use, and human pressures. To investigate variability of DOM reactivity we took water samples from two contrasting headwater catchments, considered functional ‘end-members’ for DOM export: one rich in aromatic DOM and low in inorganic nutrients (peatland), and another (nearby) catchment characterized by less aromatic DOM and high nutrient loadings (agricultural grassland). Under controlled laboratory conditions, we evaluated the effects of light, presence/absence of aquatic biota and nutrient enrichment on short-term changes in DOM quantity and quality in these samples. For the peat stream, exposure to sunlight (with UV) resulted in net abiotic DOM removal, whereas in the agricultural stream it led to net biological DOM production. Nutrient addition accelerated DOM production in both streams. We conclude that in-stream changes in DOM quantity and quality represent the net effect of multiple consumption and production processes whose relative importance is strongly influenced by source-dependent DOM composition and environmental factors such as inorganic nutrient content and sunlight exposure. Our findings suggest that headwater streams may be more active processors of carbon and nutrients than presumed hitherto.
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- 2020
207. Thermal robustness of magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular shape anisotropy
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David Cooper, Eric Gautier, Stéphane Auffret, Laurent Vila, I. L. Prejbeanu, G Gregoire, L Tillie, Steven Lequeux, Liliana D. Buda-Prejbeanu, A P Conlan, N. Perrissin, Bernard Dieny, Nikita Strelkov, E. Di Russo, Ricardo C. Sousa, A Chavent, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
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010302 applied physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Thermal fluctuations ,02 engineering and technology ,Coercivity ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,[SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism ,Robustness (computer science) ,0103 physical sciences ,Thermal ,Perpendicular ,General Materials Science ,Perpendicular anisotropy ,Thermal stability ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,Anisotropy ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
The concept of Perpendicular Shape Anisotropy STT-MRAM (PSA-STT-MRAM) has been recently proposed as a solution to enable the downsize scalability of STT-MRAM devices beyond the sub-20 nm technology node. For conventional p-STT-MRAM devices with sub-20 nm diameters, the perpendicular anisotropy arising from the MgO/CoFeB interface becomes too weak to ensure thermal stability of the storage layer. In addition, this interfacial anisotropy rapidly decreases with increasing temperature which constitutes a drawback in applications with a large range of operating temperatures. Here, we show that by using a PSA based storage layer, the source of anisotropy is much more robust against thermal fluctuations than the interfacial anisotropy, which allows considerable reduction of the temperature dependence of the coercivity. From a practical point of view, this is very interesting for applications having to operate on a wide range of temperatures (e.g. automotive -40 °C/+150 °C).
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- 2020
208. Herrmann, Bernard
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David Cooper
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- 2020
209. Correlative investigation of Mg doping in GaN layers grown at different temperatures by atom probe tomography and off-axis electron holography
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Enrico Di Russo, Philippe De Mierry, Isabelle Mouton, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, Catherine Bougerol, L. Amichi, David Cooper, Victor Boureau, Philippe Vennéguès, Adeline Grenier, Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Matériaux et dispositifs pour l'Electronique et le Magnétisme (CEMES-MEM), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur l'hétéroepitaxie et ses applications (CRHEA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC)
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Materials science ,electron holography ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Analytical chemistry ,Bioengineering ,Gallium nitride ,02 engineering and technology ,Chemical vapor deposition ,Atom probe ,doping ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Electron holography ,law.invention ,GaN ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,transmission electron microscopy ,General Materials Science ,atom probe tomography ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,[PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Dopant ,Mechanical Engineering ,Doping ,off-axis electron holography ,laser-assisted atom probe tomogra- phy ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Mg-clusters ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Correlation between off-axis electron holography and atom probe tomography (APT) provides morphological, chemical and electrical information about Mg doping (p-type) in gallium nitride (GaN) layers that have been grown at different temperatures at a nanometric scale. APT allows access to the three-dimensional distribution of atoms and their chemical nature. In particular, this technique allows visualisation of the Mg-rich clusters observed in p-doped GaN layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. As the layer growth temperature increases, the cluster density decreases but their size indicted by the number of atoms increases. Moreover, APT reveals that threading dislocations are decorated with Mg atoms. Off-axis electron holography provides complementary information about the electrical activity of the Mg doping. As only a small fraction of dopant atoms are ionised at room temperature, this fraction is increased by annealing the specimen to 400 °C in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A strong reduction of the dopant electrical activity is observed for increases in the layer growth temperature. The correlation of APT with TEM-based techniques was shown to be a unique approach in order to investigate how the growth temperature affects both the chemical distribution and electrical activity of Mg dopant atoms.
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- 2020
210. Survey of Mobile Cellular 5G Essentiality Rate
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David Cooper, Alexander Haimovich, and Johanna Dwyer
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Actuarial science ,Business ,5G - Abstract
This paper summarizes the results and methodology of a 5G essentiality survey that estimates the total number of patent families (excluding Ericsson, which funded this study) that have a patent with at least one claim that is essential to the 5G consumer mobile smartphone as of January 2020. In total, 200 randomly selected patent families were reviewed, with 8.0 percent found to contain at least one claim likely essential to a 5G NR smartphone. Applying this essentiality rate to the declared 5G patents from which the 200 patent families were selected results in a total estimate of approximately 746 patent families likely essential to a 5G NR smartphone (excluding those owned by Ericsson). We understand that Ericsson funded this study to estimate the total landscape outside of Ericsson. We further understand that Ericsson prepared claim charts for its own patent families evidencing essentiality to a 5G NR smartphone. We estimate Ericsson’s share of patent families likely essential to a 5G NR smartphone using the number of claim charts prepared by Ericsson and the results of this survey.
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- 2020
211. An electron holography study of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions nanostructured by deposition on pre-patterned conducting pillars
- Author
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David Cooper, Eric Gautier, Lucian Prejbeanu, Ricardo C. Sousa, Jyotirmoy Chatterjee, Alvaro Palomino, Stéphane Auffret, Aurélien Masseboeuf, B. Dieny, Steven Lequeux, Victor Boureau, Laurent Vila, V. D. Nguyen, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
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Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Electron holography ,law.invention ,Magnetization ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,010302 applied physics ,Magnetoresistive random-access memory ,business.industry ,Temperature ,Magnetic storage ,MRAM ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Electrical contacts ,Magnetic field ,Tunnel magnetoresistance ,Magnet ,Optoelectronics ,Magnetic tunnel junction ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
International audience; The fabrication of muti-gigabit magnetic random access memory (MRAM) chips requires the patterning of magnetic tunnel junctions at very small dimensions (sub-30 nm) and very dense pitch. This remains a challenge due to the difficulty in etching magnetic tunnel junction stacks. We earlier proposed a strategy to circumvent this problem by depositing the magnetic tunnel junction material on prepatterned metallic pillars, the junction being then naturally shaped during deposition. Once electrically contacted, the deposit on top of the pillars constitutes the magnetic storage element of the memory cell. However, in this process, magnetic material is also deposited in the trenches between the pillars that might affect the memory cell behaviour. Here we study the magnetic interactions between the deposit on top of the pillars and in the trenches by electron holography, at room temperature and up to 325 °C. Supplied by models, we show that the additional material in the trenches is not perturbing the working principle of the memory and even plays a role of flux absorber which reduces the crosstalk between neighboring dots. Besides, in the studied sample, the magnetization of the 1.4 nm thick storage layer of the dots is found to switch from out-of-plane to an in-plane configuration above 125 °C, while gradually decreasing with temperature. Electron holography is shown to constitute a very efficient tool for characterizing the micromagnetic configuration of the storage layer in MRAM cells.
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
212. Three-dimensional measurement of Mg dopant distribution and electrical activity in GaN by correlative atom probe tomography and off-axis electron holography
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Amélie Dussaigne, Enrico Di Russo, Adeline Grenier, L. Amichi, Pierre-Henri Jouneau, David Cooper, Catherine Bougerol, Isabelle Mouton, Victor Boureau, F. Barbier, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NEEL - NPSC)
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Dopant ,Doping ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Gallium nitride ,02 engineering and technology ,Atom probe ,Chemical vapor deposition ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Electron holography ,law.invention ,Metal ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,visual_art ,0103 physical sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] ,0210 nano-technology ,Saturation (magnetic) - Abstract
International audience; The distribution and electrical activity of p-type doping (Mg) in gallium nitride (GaN) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition was investigated by correlating atom probe tomography (APT) and off-axis electron holography. APT results revealed that high Mg concentrations promote the formation of Mg-rich clusters. This is associated with the formation of pyramidal inversion domains (PIDs). The direct measurement of the doping concentration outside the clusters provided by APT suggests a saturation in the p-type electrical activity for Mg concentrations above 7 x 10 19 cm-3. Maps of the electrostatic potential provided by off-axis electron holography confirm that the highest carrier concentration was achieved in the regions with the highest dopant concentration of 2 x 10 20 cm-3 , despite the presence of a high density of Mg-rich clusters revealed by APT. The correlation of these techniques suggests that PIDs are not the major cause of the reduction in electrostatic potential.
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- 2020
213. Guidance on mainstreaming biodiversity for nutrition and health
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Romanelli, Cristina, Maiero, Marina, Mahy, Lina, Haddad, Joyce, Lundberg, Katrina, Hunter, Danny, Savage, Amy, Egorova, Alexandra, and H. David Cooper
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
214. InGaN quantum dots studied by correlative microscopy techniques for enhanced light-emitting diodes
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Eva Monroy, Ioanna Dimkou, Edith Bellet-Amarlic, Enrico Di Russo, David Cooper, L. Rigutti, Pradip Dalapati, Adeline Grenier, Névine Rochat, and Jonathan Houard
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Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,Photon ,Luminescence ,Cathodoluminescence ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Correlative microscopy ,InGaN ,Laser-assisted atom probe tomography ,Quantum dots ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Diode ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Chemical species ,Quantum dot ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
InGaN/GaN nanostructures form the active region of III-nitride emitters (light emitting diodes, laser diodes, single photon emitters) in the visible spectral range. In order to understand the optical performance of these nanostructures it is necessary to obtain a direct correlation of alloy distribution and optical features. With this purpose in mind, laser-assisted atom probe tomography (La-APT) is a unique tool to visualize the three-dimensional distribution of chemical species at the nanometer scale. Recent advances in this technique also offer the possibility of recording simultaneously the photoluminescence spectrum of the
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- 2020
215. Using a mixed ionic electronic conductor to build an analog memristive device with neuromorphic programming capabilities
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Carmen Jiménez, Quentin Rafhay, Michel Boudard, Edouard Villepreux, Hervé Roussel, David Cooper, X. Mescot, Mónica Burriel, Klaasjan Maas, Laetitia Rapenne, Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique (LMGP ), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Microélectronique, Electromagnétisme et Photonique - Laboratoire d'Hyperfréquences et Caractérisation (IMEP-LAHC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
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Materials science ,valence change memories ,Interface (computing) ,Diffusion ,Oxide ,02 engineering and technology ,neuromorphic ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,La 2 NiO 4 ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,analog switching ,010302 applied physics ,Artificial neural network ,business.industry ,General Chemistry ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Conductor ,Materials for optical ,Neuromorphic engineering ,chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Memristive devices ,State (computer science) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Order of magnitude - Abstract
International audience; Interface-type oxide-based valence-change memories (VCMs) with analog switching capabilities and memory transience are interesting candidates to be used as artificial synapses for the hardware implementation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with short-term synaptic dynamics. Here, the mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) oxide La2NiO4+δ (L2NO4) is used to rationally design a new volatile interface-type valence-change memory based on a tunable p–n junction between a p-type MIEC oxide and an n-type “oxygen-reservoir” oxide. The memory does not require a forming step to trigger memristance and exhibits a highly multilevel and bipolar analog-type change in resistance, which can be continuously varied by over two orders of magnitude. A distinctive two-step memory transience where the resistance of the unbiased device increases before relaxing back to a lower resistance state was measured and has been attributed to the Fick diffusion of oxygen ions, restoring the drift-induced concentration gradients at the Ti/L2NO4 interface.
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- 2020
216. Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration
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André Braga Junqueira, Agnieszka E. Latawiec, David Leclère, Bernardo B. N. Strassburg, Andrew Balmford, Piero Visconti, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Christoph Plutzar, Carlos Alberto de Mattos Scaramuzza, Alvaro Iribarrem, Eduardo Lacerda, Sandra Díaz, Thomas M. Brooks, Karl-Heinz Erb, Valerie Kapos, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Catarina C. Jakovac, Lera Miles, Fabio Rubio Scarano, Paul F. Donald, Robin L. Chazdon, Hawthorne L. Beyer, Carlos Leandro Cordeiro, David Cooper, Renato Crouzeilles, Graeme M. Buchanan, and Michael Obersteiner
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0106 biological sciences ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Cost effectiveness ,Biome ,Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Multi-objective optimization ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Life Science ,Bosecologie en Bosbeheer ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] ,Restoration ecology ,Environmental planning ,Spatial planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,15. Life on land ,PE&RC ,Priority areas ,Forest Ecology and Forest Management ,13. Climate action ,PROGRAMAÇÃO MULTICRITÉRIO ,Spatial variability ,Business - Abstract
Extensive ecosystem restoration is increasingly seen as being central to conserving biodiversity1 and stabilizing the climate of the Earth2. Although ambitious national and global targets have been set, global priority areas that account for spatial variation in benefits and costs have yet to be identified. Here we develop and apply a multicriteria optimization approach that identifies priority areas for restoration across all terrestrial biomes, and estimates their benefits and costs. We find that restoring 15% of converted lands in priority areas could avoid 60% of expected extinctions while sequestering 299 gigatonnes of CO2—30% of the total CO2 increase in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution. The inclusion of several biomes is key to achieving multiple benefits. Cost effectiveness can increase up to 13-fold when spatial allocation is optimized using our multicriteria approach, which highlights the importance of spatial planning. Our results confirm the vast potential contributions of restoration to addressing global challenges, while underscoring the necessity of pursuing these goals synergistically. Fil: Strassburg, Bernardo B. N.. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Iribarrem, Alvaro. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Beyer, Hawthorne L.. The University of Queensland; Australia. University of Queensland; Australia Fil: Cordeiro, Carlos Leandro. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Crouzeilles, Renato. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Jakovac, Catarina C.. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Braga Junqueira, André. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Lacerda, Eduardo. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Universidade Federal Fluminense; Brasil Fil: Latawiec, Agnieszka E.. University of East Anglia; Reino Unido. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Balmford, Andrew. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Brooks, Thomas M.. University Of The Philippines Los Banos; Filipinas. Institute For Marine And Antarctic Studies; Australia. International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources; Suiza Fil: Butchart, Stuart H. M.. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Chazdon, Robin L.. University Of The Sunshine Coast; Australia. University of Connecticut; Estados Unidos Fil: Erb, Karl-Heinz. Universitat Fur Bodenkultur Wien; Austria Fil: Brancalion, Pedro. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Buchanan, Graeme. Royal Society For The Protection Of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Cooper, David. Secretariat Of The Convention On Biological Diversity; Canadá Fil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Donald, Paul F.. University of Cambridge; Estados Unidos Fil: Kapos, Valerie. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Leclère, David. International Institute For Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg; Austria Fil: Miles, Lera. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido Fil: Obersteiner, Michael. Oxford Social Sciences Division; Reino Unido. International Institute For Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg; Austria Fil: Plutzar, Christoph. Universitat Fur Bodenkultur Wien; Austria. Universidad de Viena; Austria Fil: de M. Scaramuzza, Carlos Alberto. International Institute For Sustainability; Brasil Fil: Scarano, Fabio R.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil Fil: Visconti, Piero. International Institute For Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg; Austria
- Published
- 2020
217. A Demonstrably Correct Compiler.
- Author
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Susan Stepney, Dave Whitely, David Cooper, and Colin Grant
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- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. Studio Report of the University of Leeds Department of Music.
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David Cooper and Kia Ng
- Published
- 1998
219. E-Publishing Portal: A New Approach to Faculty Outreach.
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Nedelina Tchangalova and David Cooper
- Published
- 2006
220. Grounding Rights
- Author
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David Cooper
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Cultural Studies ,Government ,060101 anthropology ,Sociology and Political Science ,General Arts and Humanities ,Corporate governance ,05 social sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Entitlement ,Agrarian reform ,050601 international relations ,Peasant ,0506 political science ,Power (social and political) ,Populism ,Anthropology ,Political economy ,Political science ,0601 history and archaeology - Abstract
Since the Sandinistas returned to power in Nicaragua in 2007, ideas about rights have been central to the governing party’s populist project. The rights in question are understood to require the production of ‘organized’ citizens who become integrated into the mechanisms of popular governance. But for rural Sandinistas who participated in the revolutionary agrarian reform of the 1980s, rights are about land. For some, realizing rights has required disentangling themselves from local organs of organized life, resulting in their exclusion from the government’s populist model of rights. Contending ideas about how to legitimately ground the rights that result—and the effort of these excluded Sandinistas to make revolutionary ‘struggle’ the basis of entitlements— trouble a standard anthropological model that views abstract rights as subsequently particularized in practice.
- Published
- 2018
221. Quantitative Mapping of the Charge Density in a Monolayer of MoS
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Victor, Boureau, Benoit, Sklenard, Robert, McLeod, Dmitry, Ovchinnikov, Dumitru, Dumcenco, Andras, Kis, and David, Cooper
- Abstract
The electric potential, electric field, and charge density of a monolayer of MoS
- Published
- 2019
222. John Clare: Nature, Criticism and History by Simon Kövesi Palgrave Macmillan | 2017 | 266 pp | ISBN 978-0-230-27787-8
- Author
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David Cooper
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Cultural Studies ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Philosophy ,Criticism ,Art history - Published
- 2018
223. Persistence of Immune Responses Through 36 Months in Healthy Adults After Vaccination With a Novel
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C Buddy, Creech, Robert W, Frenck, Anne, Fiquet, Robert, Feldman, Martin K, Kankam, Sudam, Pathirana, James, Baber, David, Radley, David, Cooper, Joseph, Eiden, William C, Gruber, Kathrin U, Jansen, Annaliesa S, Anderson, and Alejandra, Gurtman
- Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus ,vaccine immunogenicity persistence ,vaccine ,Major Article ,orthopedic infections ,SA4Ag - Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus causes serious health care– and community-associated disease, requiring improved preventive measures such as vaccines. The investigational S. aureus 4-antigen vaccine (SA4Ag), comprising capsular polysaccharide serotypes 5 and 8 (CP5 and CP8) conjugated to CRM197, recombinant mutant clumping factor A (rmClfA), and recombinant manganese transporter protein C (rP305A or rMntC), was well tolerated, inducing robust functional immune responses to all 4 antigens through 12 months postvaccination. This is a serological extension study through 36 months postvaccination. Methods In 2 previous studies, healthy adults received SA4Ag, SA3Ag (without rMntC), or placebo; serology was also assessed at ~24 and ~36 months postvaccination. Functional immune responses (antibody responses that facilitate killing of S. aureus or neutralize S. aureus virulence mechanisms) were assessed with opsonophagocytic activity killing assays (CP5 or CP8) and a fibrinogen-binding inhibition assay (ClfA). A competitive Luminex immunoassay assessed ClfA and rMntC responses. Adverse events within 48 hours of blood draw were recorded. Results Four hundred forty subjects (18–64 years old, 255; 65–85 years old, 185) were enrolled. At 24 and 36 months postvaccination, subjects receiving SA4Ag had substantially higher geometric mean titers (GMTs) for CP5, CP8, and ClfA vs baseline; geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) from baseline to month 36 were 2.7–8.1. For rMntC, 36-month GMTs declined from peak levels but remained above baseline for all SA4Ag groups; GMFRs from baseline to month 36 were 1.8 and 1.5 in the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Conclusions Persistent functional immune responses to S. aureus antigens were observed through 36 months in healthy adults. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01643941 and NCT01364571.
- Published
- 2019
224. An evaluation of mobile applications designed to assist service members and veterans transitioning to civilian life
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Tim Hoyt, David Cooper, Rebecca Fraynt, Derek J. Smolenski, Amanda Edwards-Stewart, Larry Pruitt, Logan Micheel, and Nancy A. Skopp
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Telemedicine ,business.industry ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,PsycINFO ,Mobile Applications ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Clinical Psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Resource (project management) ,Rating scale ,mental disorders ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Mobile technology ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business ,Mobile device ,Dissemination ,Applied Psychology ,Veterans ,media_common - Abstract
Mobile technologies may be able to provide service members and veterans with the knowledge necessary to transition to civilian life successfully in a cost-effective and accessible manner. Although a number of transition applications (apps) currently exist in the marketplace, to our knowledge, none of them has been evaluated for quality or effectiveness. For this study, 6 experts used the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS; Stoyanov et al., 2015) to evaluate the quality of 16 transition apps. The majority of these apps focused on providing service members with resource lists, employment assistance, or assistance with disability applications. Only 2 apps had been downloaded more than 10,000 times on GooglePlay, with the majority being downloaded between 100 and 1,000 times. Only 1 app received an above-average overall quality rating, and half received below-average overall quality ratings. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that researchers and developers create more high-quality apps by focusing on education and health-care transition issues, as well as work to better disseminate their products. (PsycINFO Database Record
- Published
- 2018
225. Outpatient Talc Administration by Indwelling Pleural Catheter for Malignant Effusion
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Jurgen Herre, Emma Keenan, Alex West, Y. C. Gary Lee, Steven Walker, Richard Harrison, Tarek Saba, John E Harvey, Anna J Morley, Mark Roberts, Sarah Smith, James R. Walters, Natalie Zahan-Evans, Matthew Evison, Mohammed Haris, Lesley Bishop, Mohammed Munavvar, Ioannis Psallidas, Rehan A. Mustafa, Anur Guhan, J Holme, Rahul Bhatnagar, Andrew E. Stanton, Robert F. Miller, Najib M. Rahman, David Cooper, Brennan C Kahan, Clare E Hooper, Samal Gunatilake, Liju Ahmed, Biswajit Chakrabarti, Anna C. Bibby, Pasupathy Sivasothy, Nick A Maskell, and Louise Stadon
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pleural effusion ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Brain and Behaviour ,Talc ,Placebo ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pleural disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Malignant pleural effusion ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Nutrition and Behaviour ,Lung ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030228 respiratory system ,Ambulatory ,business ,Pleurodesis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Malignant pleural effusion affects more than 750,000 persons each year across Europe and the United States. Pleurodesis with the administration of talc in hospitalized patients is the most common treatment, but indwelling pleural catheters placed for drainage offer an ambulatory alternative. We examined whether talc administered through an indwelling pleural catheter was more effective at inducing pleurodesis than the use of an indwelling pleural catheter alone. Methods Over a period of 4 years, we recruited patients with malignant pleural effusion at 18 centers in the United Kingdom. After the insertion of an indwelling pleural catheter, patients underwent drainage regularly on an outpatient basis. If there was no evidence of substantial lung entrapment (nonexpandable lung, in which lung expansion and pleural apposition are not possible because of visceral fibrosis or bronchial obstruction) at 10 days, patients were randomly assigned to receive either 4 g of talc slurry or placebo through the indwelling pleural catheter on an outpatient basis. Talc or placebo was administered on a single-blind basis. Follow-up lasted for 70 days. The primary outcome was successful pleurodesis at day 35 after randomization. Results The target of 154 patients undergoing randomization was reached after 584 patients were approached. At day 35, a total of 30 of 69 patients (43%) in the talc group had successful pleurodesis, as compared with 16 of 70 (23%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 3.92; P = 0.008). No significant between- group differences in effusion size and complexity, number of inpatient days, mortality, or number of adverse events were identified. No significant excess of blockages of the indwelling pleural catheter was noted in the talc group. Conclusions Among patients without substantial lung entrapment, the outpatient administration of talc through an indwelling pleural catheter for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion resulted in a significantly higher chance of pleurodesis at 35 days than an indwelling catheter alone, with no deleterious effects.
- Published
- 2018
226. Convention on Biological Diversity
- Author
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David Cooper, H., primary and Noonan-Mooney, Kieran, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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227. Detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in African buffaloes ( Syncerus caffer ) using QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold (QFT) tubes and the Qiagen cattletype ® IFN-gamma ELISA
- Author
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Netanya Bernitz, Eduard O. Roos, Wynand J. Goosen, Sven D.C. Parsons, David Cooper, Charlene Clarke, Michele A. Miller, and Paul D. van Helden
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Mycobacterium bovis ,General Veterinary ,biology ,040301 veterinary sciences ,QUANTIFERON-TB GOLD ,Immunology ,Intradermal skin test ,Interferon gamma release assay ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,QuantiFERON ,Incubation period ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Bovine tuberculosis ,Ifn gamma - Abstract
African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are wildlife maintenance hosts of Mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis. Consequently, M. bovis infected buffaloes pose a transmission risk for cattle and other wildlife species. Previously, a modification to the Qiagen QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT) system, using QFT tubes and an in-house bovine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISA, was evaluated for the detection of M. bovis infection in buffaloes. Subsequently, Qiagen has developed a commercially available cattletype® IFN-gamma ELISA for the detection of antigen-specific IFN-γ release in ruminants. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of QFT tubes and the cattletype® IFN-gamma ELISA, in a cattletype IFN-γ release assay (IGRA), to detect M. bovis infection in African buffaloes. The test agreements between the cattletype IGRA, single comparative intradermal skin test (SCITT) and Bovigam® 1G IGRA in two M. bovis-exposed buffalo populations (n = 134 and n = 92) were calculated and κ coefficients ranged from 0.65 (95% CI 0.48–0.82) to 0.86 (95% CI 0.72–0.99). Increasing the QFT incubation time in one M. bovis-exposed buffalo cohort (n = 92), from 20 to 40 h, had no effect on the cattletype IGRA test results. Inter-assay and intra-assay reproducibility determination for the cattletype IGRA produced coefficient of variations (CV)
- Published
- 2018
228. Thermally propagated Al contacts on SiGe nanowires characterized by electron beam induced current in a scanning transmission electron microscope
- Author
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David Cooper, Minh Anh Luong, Grigore Moldovan, Eva Monroy, Martien Den Hertog, Aidan P. Conlan, Pascal Gentile, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux par Microscopie Avancée (LEMMA ), Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux (MEM), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Silicon Nanoelectronics Photonics and Structures (SiNaps), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy [Cambridge University] (DMSM), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Plate-Forme Technologique (DPFT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS)
- Subjects
Materials science ,SiGe ,Nanowire ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Depletion region ,0103 physical sciences ,Scanning transmission electron microscopy ,General Materials Science ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,010302 applied physics ,Intrinsic semiconductor ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Electron beam-induced current ,Doping ,Schottky diode ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,STEM ,Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,EBIC ,Mechanics of Materials ,nanowire ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Here, we use electron beam induced current (EBIC) in a scanning transmission electron microscope to characterize the structure and electronic properties of Al/SiGe and Al/Si-rich/SiGe axial nanowire heterostructures fabricated by thermal propagation of Al in a SiGe nanowire. The two heterostructures behave as Schottky contacts with different barrier heights. From the sign of the beam induced current collected at the contacts, the intrinsic semiconductor doping is determined to be n-type. Furthermore, we find that the silicon-rich double interface presents a lower barrier height than the atomically sharp SiGe/Al interface. With an applied bias, the Si-rich region delays the propagation of the depletion region and presents a reduced free carrier diffusion length with respect to the SiGe nanowire. This behaviour could be explained by a higher residual doping in the Si-rich area. These results demonstrate that scanning transmission electron microscopy EBIC is a powerful method for mapping and quantifying electric fields in micrometer- and nanometer-scale devices.
- Published
- 2021
229. The impact on remote maintenance of varying the aspect ratio and number of TF coils for DEMO
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J. Keep, Jonathan Horne, Oliver Crofts, Dan Wolff, David Cooper, M. Coleman, and A. Loving
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Tokamak ,Computer science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Maintainability ,Fusion power ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Aspect ratio (image) ,Maintenance system ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,law.invention ,Reliability engineering ,Technical feasibility ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Conceptual design ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,Holistic design ,010306 general physics ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
As part of the conceptual design studies for a European DEMO, different tokamak geometries are being considered. As identified in the EFDA Roadmap to the realisation of Fusion Energy, 2013: “The integration of the Remote Maintenance system within the DEMO plant is an essential task within the DEMO CDA phase. This will involve establishing requirements, functions and interfaces with many other systems to ensure that plant availability and maintainability are considered from the outset.” In order to fulfil this integration requirement different geometries of DEMO have been assessed for their impact on remote maintenance (RM). The aspect ratio and number of TF coils have been identified as the pivotal variables, driving the tokamak geometry, with significant effects on remote maintenance both in terms of technical feasibility and speed of operation. Tokamak geometries with aspect ratios from 2.6 to 4.0 and 16 or 18 TF coils have been compared. The results of this evaluation show that higher aspect ratios and lower numbers of TF coils are beneficial to RM both in terms of technical feasibility and speed of operations. To deliver a maintainable DEMO, efforts must be made to maximize its aspect ratio and minimize the number of TF coils.
- Published
- 2017
230. Leeds University Electronic Studio: Studio Report.
- Author
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Ewan Stefani, Kia Ng, and David Cooper
- Published
- 1996
231. Handwritten Music Manuscript Recognition.
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Kia Ng, David Cooper, and Roger Boyle
- Published
- 1996
232. IRRMC (https://proteindiffraction.org): impact on quality of structures in PDB
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Marek Grabowski, Marcin Cymborowski, David Cooper, and Wladek Minor
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Inorganic Chemistry ,Structural Biology ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2021
233. Rapid response to biomedical challenges and threats
- Author
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Wladek Minor, Mariusz Jaskolski, Alexander Wlodawer, Zbigniew Dauter, Joanna Macnar, Dariusz Brzezinski, David Cooper, Marcin Kowiel, Miroslaw Gilski, Ivan Shabalin, Marek Grabowski, and Bernhard Rupp
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Structural Biology ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2021
234. The Integrated Resource for Reproducibility in Molecular Crystallography: experiences of the first five years
- Author
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Wladek Minor, Marcin Cymborowski, David Cooper, Przemyslaw J. Porebski, and Marek Grabowski
- Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry ,Engineering management ,Reproducibility ,Resource (project management) ,Structural Biology ,Computer science ,General Materials Science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2021
235. Towards the global monitoring of biodiversity change
- Author
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Pereira, Henrique M. and David Cooper, H.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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236. CIFOR Dataset-Peatland soil carbon-Sajama-2012
- Author
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John, Hribljan, primary, David, Cooper, additional, Jeremy, Sueltenfus, additional, Evan, Wolf, additional, Katherine, Heckman, additional, Erik, Lilleskov, additional, and Rodney, Chimner, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. CIFOR Dataset-Peatland soil carbon-Tuni-2012
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John, Hribljan, primary, David, Cooper, additional, Jeremy, Sueltenfus, additional, Evan, Wolf, additional, Katherine, Heckman, additional, Erik, Lilleskov, additional, and Rodney, Chimner, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
238. Origins of nanoscale emission inhomogeneities of high content red emitting InGaN/InGaN quantum wells
- Author
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F. Barbier, A. Mavel, B. Samuel, David Cooper, Amélie Dussaigne, and Névine Rochat
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Cathodoluminescence ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (electronics) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Focused ion beam ,Dark field microscopy ,Wavelength ,0103 physical sciences ,Sapphire ,Optoelectronics ,Quantum efficiency ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Quantum well - Abstract
The origin of the nanoscale emission inhomogeneities of red emitting InGaN/InGaN quantum wells (QWs) grown directly on a GaN template and on an InGaN on sapphire (InGaNOS) substrate is investigated. InGaNOS is a partly relaxed InGaN pseudo-substrate fabricated by Soitec. As the latter approach provides an interesting optical internal quantum efficiency of 6.5% at 624 nm at 290 K, a deeper study, at the microstructure level, was conducted. The emission inhomogeneities on InGaNOS were highlighted by cathodoluminescence wavelength mappings where three areas were chosen: one emitting at a shorter wavelength, i.e., 588 nm, and two at a longer wavelength, i.e., 607 and 611 nm. Specimens from these zones were extracted by focused ion beam milling to perform cross-sectional characterization techniques. High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that, while red emitting areas present homogeneous QWs, shorter wavelength areas exhibit non-uniform QWs, in terms of thickness and In composition. Complementary deformation mappings in the growth direction obtained by geometrical phase analysis show that longer emission wavelengths are originating from homogeneous QWs with an InN mole fraction evaluated at 39.0 ± 1.5%. This result demonstrates the possibility of achieving red emission with a coherent (In,Ga)N alloy when using an adapted substrate. A comparison of identical QWs grown on a GaN template is also given.
- Published
- 2021
239. Electron beam induced current microscopy of silicon p–n junctions in a scanning transmission electron microscope
- Author
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Grigore Moldovan, Eva Monroy, Aidan P. Conlan, Lucas Bruas, David Cooper, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Point Electronic GmbH, Nanophysique et Semiconducteurs (NPSC), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,Scanning electron microscope ,Electron beam-induced current ,General Physics and Astronomy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,Electron ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Electron holography ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Depletion region ,chemistry ,0103 physical sciences ,Scanning transmission electron microscopy ,Microscopy ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
International audience; A silicon p-n junction has been mapped using electron beam induced current in both a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM). In STEM, the transmission of a higher energy electron beam through the thin specimen leads to better spatial resolution and a more uniform interaction volume than can be achieved in SEM. Better spatial resolution is also achieved in the thin TEM specimens as the diffusion lengths of the minority carriers are much lower than measured in bulk material due to the proximity of specimen surfaces. We further demonstrate that a positive fixed surface charge favors surface recombination of electrons in n-type silicon and induces a surface depletion region in p-type silicon. These results have been compared to off-axis electron holography measurements of the electrostatic potentials and simulations of the internal fields.
- Published
- 2021
240. Acknowledging the work of poetry: a collaborative commentary on Tim Cresswell’s Fence
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Mitchell R Rose, David Cooper, and Hywel Griffiths
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Cultural Studies ,Fence (finance) ,History ,Poetry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Media studies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Visual arts ,Work (electrical) ,Performance art ,050703 geography - Published
- 2017
241. A poetic playground: collaborative practices in the Peak District
- Author
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David Cooper
- Subjects
Scrutiny ,Poetry ,05 social sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Aesthetics ,medicine ,Sociology ,050703 geography ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,General Environmental Science ,Lacuna - Abstract
© 2017 Landscape Research Group Ltd. The literary map of the Peak District is surprisingly thin. This article explores how this lacuna has been addressed by a range of contemporary writers who have made the Peak District a site of poetic hyperactivity: a landscape of creative processes and practices; projects and poems of place. Paying particular attention to texts by Helen Mort, Mark Goodwin and Alec Finlay, the article contends that much contemporary Peak District poetry is underpinned by imaginative and formal experimentation: a shared commitment to the exploration of new ways of perceiving, practising and representing landscape which is characterised by a collective playfulness. Moreover, the article argues that much contemporary Peak District poetry is shaped by collaboration as the poets placed under critical scrutiny share a preoccupation with finding new creative methodologies to articulate the communal experience of being-in-landscape.
- Published
- 2017
242. Aerial Application of Herding Agents can Enhance In-Situ Burning in Partial Ice Cover
- Author
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Peter Lane, Stephen Potter, Srijan Aggarwal, William Schnabel, Ian Buist, Robin Bullock, Jessica Garron, Robert A. Perkins, and David Cooper
- Subjects
Engineering ,Arctic ,Cover (telecommunications) ,business.industry ,Oil spill ,Herding ,Aerial application ,business ,Remote sensing - Abstract
In situ burning (ISB) aided by herding agents is a promising tool for oil spill response in Arctic waters. An advantageous aspect of the herder mediated ISB approach is that the application of herders as well as the subsequent ignition of the slick could potentially be carried out from aerial platforms. This could obviate the need for personnel to conduct operations on the surface near the burn, as well as reduce the response time required to mobilize the spill response equipment, especially in challenging Arctic conditions. In the last decade, several laboratory and field-scale tests have been conducted to prove the efficacy of herder-assisted ISB operations, sometimes achieving burn efficiencies greater than 90 %. However, there have been no field tests of aerial herder application followed by ignition. This paper presents results from a series of field experiments performed in a custom-built test basin 50 km northeast of Fairbanks, Alaska, in April 2015. A helicopter was employed to first apply herding agents (Siltech OP-40 or ThickSlick 6535) to Alaska North Slope crude oil slicks in simulated drift ice conditions, and then ignite the herded slicks using a Heli-torch. Two of five test burns yielded measurable outcomes, resulting in 70% - 85% removal of the test oil as it was drifting freely. Three of five test burns did not yield reliably measurable results, as wind action at the site prevented an accurate measurement of free-drifting burn efficiency. An unmanned aircraft, carrying prototypical payloads for herder spraying and in situ burn ignition was also tested. This is the first time successful aerial application of herders for ISB in the Arctic or elsewhere has been accomplished, and furthers the development of better tools for oil spill response in Arctic waters and beyond.
- Published
- 2017
243. Association between augmented renal clearance and clinical outcomes in patients receiving β-lactam antibiotic therapy by continuous or intermittent infusion: a nested cohort study of the BLING-II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
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Andrew A. Udy, Joel M. Dulhunty, Jason A. Roberts, Joshua S. Davis, Steven A.R. Webb, Rinaldo Bellomo, Charles Gomersall, Charudatt Shirwadkar, Glenn M. Eastwood, John Myburgh, David L. Paterson, Therese Starr, Sanjoy K. Paul, Jeffrey Lipman, Glenn Eastwood, Leah Peck, Helen Young, Catherine Boschert, Jason Fletcher, Julie Smith, Kiran Nand, Treena Sara, Amy Harney, Helen Rodgers, Frank Van Haren, Sally Clarke, David Durham, Catherine Hannan, Elisha Matheson, Kate Schwartz, Karen Thomas, Allison Bone, Claire Cattigan, Tania Elderkin, Tania Salerno, Robert Cameron, Katrina Ellis, Sheridan Hatter, Joshua Davis, Milind Sanap, Natalie Soar, Josette Wood, Karen Chan, Aaron Heffernan, Nai An Lai, Catherine Moss, Kate Sheehy, Maree Duroux, Megan Ratcliffe, Samantha Shone, Timothy Warhurst, Joel Dulhunty, Rachel Dunlop, David Paterson, Jason Roberts, Janine Stuart, Andrew Udy, David Cooper, Rick McAllister, Steve Webb, Andrew Cheng, Deborah Inskip, Jennene Miller, Serena Knowles, Claire Reynolds, Sam Rudham, Stuart Baker, Kristy Hepburn, Brigit Roberts, Paul Woods, Indranil Chatterjee, Judy Smith, Martin Cullen, Jing Kong, Vineet Nayyar, Christina Whitehead, Patricia Leung, Eileen Gilder, Lianne McCarthy, Shay McGuiness, Rachael Parke, Kirsten Benefield, Yan Chen, Colin McArthur, Lynette Newby, Seton Henderson, Jan Mehrtens, Sascha Noble, Lesley Chadwick, Ross Freebain, Chantal Hogan, Alex Kazemi, Laura Rust, Rima Song, Anna Tilsley, Anthony Williams, John Durning, Robert Frengley, Mary La Pine, Geoff McCracken, Swarna Baskar Sharma, Lynn Andrews, Richard Dinsdale, Anna Hunt, Sally Hurford, Diane Mackle, Jessica Ongley, Paul Young, Marin Kollef, John Turnidge, Sanjoy Paul, Udy, Andrew A, Dulhunty, Joel M, Roberts, Jason A, Davis, Joshua S, Turnidge, John, and Paul, Sanjoy K
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,augmented renal clearance ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Metabolic Clearance Rate ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Renal function ,beta-Lactams ,Placebo ,Cohort Studies ,sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Sepsis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,critical illness ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Renal replacement therapy ,Infusions, Intravenous ,Aged ,Creatinine ,business.industry ,Organ dysfunction ,Acute kidney injury ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Bacterial Infections ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Surgery ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,ß-lactams ,Cohort study - Abstract
Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is known to influence β-lactam antibiotic pharmacokinetics. This substudy of the BLING-II trial aimed to explore the association between ARC and patient outcomes in a large randomised clinical trial. BLING-II enrolled 432 participants with severe sepsis randomised to receive β-lactam therapy by continuous or intermittent infusion. An 8-h creatinine clearance (CLCr) measured on Day 1 was used to identify ARC, defined as CLCr ≥ 130 mL/min. Patients receiving any form of renal replacement therapy were excluded. Primary outcome was alive ICU-free days at Day 28. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality and clinical cure at 14 days following antibiotic cessation. A total of 254 patients were included, among which 45 (17.7%) manifested ARC [median (IQR) CLCr 165 (144–198) mL/min]. ARC patients were younger (P
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- 2017
244. Experiments at Sea with Herders and In Situ Burning (HISB)
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Ian Buist, Ivar Singsaas, Steve Potter, Per S. Daling, Alun Lewis, and David Cooper
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0106 biological sciences ,Hydrology ,Geography ,Oceanography ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,hisB ,010501 environmental sciences ,North sea ,01 natural sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
A series of experiments involving herders and ISB (designated HISB) were conducted at sea on 14th – 15th June 2016, near the Frigg Field in the North Sea. The primary objective of the experiments described in this paper was to demonstrate, at near-full scale, the use of herders followed by in situ burning (ISB) in open water conditions and validate the findings of an earlier field study of herders in conjunction with ISB. Two experimental releases of 6 m3 (approximately 40 barrels) and one of 4 m3 of Grane Blend crude oil were undertaken. The released oil spread out differently on the sea surface in each of the slicks due to slight variations in release conditions and prevailing wind conditions. Herder (ThickSlick 6535) was applied around two of the slicks by spraying from a small boat; a third slick was not herded before ignition. In the first test, approximately 80% of the total amount of thick oil was herded to form a coherent slick with an average oil layer thickness of approximately 3 mm to 5 mm. The second herded slick accounted for 40% of the amount of oil released and resulted in an average layer thickness of approximately 2 mm to 3 mm present as several discrete areas of thick oil. The average oil layer thickness in the non-herded slick was 2.5 mm to 3 mm (under very calm weather conditions) and this slick had also been broken up into several discrete areas of thick oil. Ignition with gelled gasoline igniters was carried out approximately one hour after oil release. All three slicks were successfully ignited. Approximately 3.4 m3 of the available oil in the first herded slick was consumed in three distinct burns, while the second herded slick consumed 0.8 m3 of oil in only one burn. The remaining test involving an unherded slick consumed approximately 1.2 m3 of oil in three burns.
- Published
- 2017
245. Electronic Transport on W-Rich Films Deposited by Focused Ion Beam
- Author
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Massimo Mongillo, G. Audoit, David Cooper, Remy Berthier, and Louis Jansen
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Superconductivity ,Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Focused ion beam ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Metal ,Electrical transport ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Phase (matter) ,visual_art ,0103 physical sciences ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Deposition (phase transition) ,Phase slip ,Current (fluid) ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The electrical transport properties of W films obtained through focused ion beam deposition reveal a transition from weakly insulating to metallic behavior for increasing film thickness. At low temperatures, all the films make a transition to the superconducting state. The observed stochastic distribution of the critical superconducting current is related to the occurrence of phase slip processes as documented by the statistical distribution of the depairing current and its temperature dependence according to the thermally activated model of the superconducting phase in a tilted washboard potential.
- Published
- 2017
246. Aerial application of herding agents to advance in-situ burning for oil spill response in the Arctic: A pilot study
- Author
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Jessica Garron, David Cooper, Ian Buist, Steve Potter, Robert A. Perkins, Robin Bullock, Srijan Aggarwal, and William Schnabel
- Subjects
Drift ice ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Crude oil ,Aerial application ,01 natural sciences ,Aerial imagery ,The arctic ,Arctic ,Oil spill ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Herding ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In-situ burning (ISB) aided by herding agents is a promising tool for oil spill response in Arctic waters. An advantageous aspect of the herder mediated ISB approach is that the application of herders as well as the subsequent ignition of the slick could potentially be carried out from aerial platforms. This could obviate the need for personnel to conduct operations on the surface near the burn, as well as reduce the response time required to mobilize the spill response equipment, especially in difficult Arctic conditions. In the last decade, several laboratory and field-scale tests have been conducted to prove the efficacy of herding agent mediated ISB operations, sometimes achieving burn efficiencies > 90%. However, there have been no reports of aerial herder application followed by ignition. The objectives of this work were to evaluate a proof-of-concept level application of aerial herders and igniters for ISB operations in the Arctic, and to investigate the associated operational and technical challenges. This paper presents results from a series of field experiments performed in a custom-built test basin 50 km northeast of Fairbanks, Alaska, in April 2015. A helicopter was employed to first apply herding agents (Siltech OP-40 or ThickSlick 6535) to Alaska North Slope crude oil slicks in simulated drift ice conditions, and then ignite the herded slicks using a heli-torch. Burn efficiency (BE) for the confined field scale in-situ burn tests ranged from 59% to 94% using the gravimetric approach and 73% to 84% using the conservative aerial imagery approaches to evaluate the herder action. The moderately high BE values observed in the field-scale light ice-cover (~ 10%) conditions, establish the effectiveness and promise of aerial application of herders to assist ISB in the Arctic. This is a first account of successful aerial application of herders for ISB in the Arctic or elsewhere, and furthers the development of better tools for oil spill response in Arctic waters and beyond.
- Published
- 2017
247. The Impact of a Home-Based Palliative Care Program in an Accountable Care Organization
- Author
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David Cooper, Carole Romano, Terry Scherr, Andy Chang, Dana Lustbader, Mitchell Mudra, Ed Lukoski, and James Mittelberger
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Palliative care ,Total cost ,New York ,MEDLINE ,Medicare ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cost Savings ,Health care ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,health care economics and organizations ,General Nursing ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Accountable Care Organizations ,Primary Health Care ,business.industry ,Palliative Care ,Retrospective cohort study ,Original Articles ,Health Care Costs ,General Medicine ,Home Care Services ,Home based ,United States ,Cost savings ,Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Accountable care ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background: People with advanced illness usually want their healthcare where they live—at home—not in the hospital. Innovative models of palliative care that better meet the needs of seriously ill people at lower cost should be explored. Objectives: We evaluated the impact of a home-based palliative care (HBPC) program implemented within an Accountable Care Organization (ACO) on cost and resource utilization. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis to quantify cost savings associated with a HBPC program in a Medicare Shared Savings Program ACO where total cost of care is available. We studied 651 decedents; 82 enrolled in a HBPC program compared to 569 receiving usual care in three New York counties who died between October 1, 2014, and March 31, 2016. We also compared hospital admissions, ER visits, and hospice utilization rates in the final months of life. Results: The cost per patient during the final three months of life was $12,000 lower with HBPC than with usual care ($20,420 vs. $32,420; p = 0.0002); largely driven by a 35% reduction in Medicare Part A ($16,892 vs. $26,171; p = 0.0037). HBPC also resulted in a 37% reduction in Medicare Part B in the final three months of life compared to usual care ($3,114 vs. $4,913; p = 0.0008). Hospital admissions were reduced by 34% in the final month of life for patients enrolled in HBPC. The number of admissions per 1000 beneficiaries per year was 3073 with HBPC and 4640 with usual care (p = 0.0221). HBPC resulted in a 35% increased hospice enrollment rate (p = 0.0005) and a 240% increased median hospice length of stay compared to usual care (34 days vs. 10 days; p
- Published
- 2017
248. Postpartum Streptococcus pyogenes Outbreak in the Labor and Delivery Unit of a Quaternary Referral Center: a Case Series and Review of the Literature
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Tamara F. Persing, Surya Ram Cooper, Joseph David Cooper, Donna M. Wolk, Ann Marie Tice, and Lisa M. Esolen
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Vaginal flora ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Outbreak ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Sepsis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Case fatality rate ,Streptococcus pyogenes ,medicine ,Childbirth ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Endometritis ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Postpartum Endometritis - Abstract
Historically, childbirth was associated with morbidity and mortality, often due to endometritis or puerperal fever. Streptococcus pyogenes was first identified as the cause of puerperal fever by Louis Pasteur, and it remains a virulent and lethal pathogen with a case fatality rate of 15 to 20% [1]. The pathogenesis of postpartum endometritis is believed to be associated with disruption of the woman's mucosal barriers from childbirth and invasion of bacteria either from vaginal flora or from a health care worker's hands [2]. Despite the implementation of hand sanitizing and barrier precautions (gloves), outbreaks of S. pyogenes still occur today [1]. This article provides an overview of the role of S. pyogenes in postpartum infections and describes an outbreak of postpartum endometritis due to S. pyogenes. The case report involved three patients who were admitted to a quaternary care medical center on the same day and, following discharge, were all readmitted with sepsis and endometritis. The bacteria were isolated, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the three S. pyogenes strains were genetically identical.
- Published
- 2017
249. Air Pollution
- Author
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David Cooper, C, primary and Chris Alley, F, additional
- Published
- 2004
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250. Hemispheric and Continental Scale Patterns of Similarity in Mountain Tundra
- Author
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George P Malanson, Robert B Brett, Christian Damm, Richard H Pemble, Andrea J Britton, Borja Jiménez-Alfaro, Hong Qian, Alessandro Petraglia, Marcello Tomaselli, David Cooper, and Risto Virtanen
- Abstract
Understanding the full range of biodiversity patterns from local to global scales, through the study of the drivers of multiscale plant community composition and diversity, is a current goal of biogeography. A synthetic understanding of to what extent vegetation compositional patterns are produced by biotic factors, geography or climate and how these patterns vary across scales is needed. This lack hinders prediction of the effects of climate change in global vegetation. Variation in community composition is examined in relation to climatic difference and geographic distance at hemispheric and continental scales. Vascular plants and bryophytes in 13 mountain regions were analyzed; eight in Europe and five in North America, nine mid-latitude and four oroarctic. Species composition differed between continents and between oroarctic and mid-latitude regions. Patterns of paired regional similarity with distance were significant for all pairs and intercontinental pairs, but not for those within Europe and North America. Climatic variables accounted for most of the variance in vegetation patterns revealed by General Linear Models of ordinations, but geographic variables, of Moran eigenvectors and latitudinal zones, were also important and significant. The effects of geography were typically twice as strong for vascular plants as for bryophytes. The importance of geography at these scales suggests that past evolutionary and ecological processes are as important as current fit to any climatic niche. Interpretation of observations of the impacts of global climate change should recognize geographic context and phylogeny, and policies to mitigate them, such as assisted migration, should be cautious.
- Published
- 2019
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