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Surgical needle insertion is generally used in the current advanced surgery process, particularly in the area of biopsy, MIS or minimally invasive surgery, brachytherapy, etc. During the needle insertion performance into the soft tissue, one of the most important issues is the tissue deformation that affects the needle engagement inside the tissue material. We have presented an energy-based insertion model, and the conical shape of deformed tissue is assumed. The tests are performed on PVA gel samples, and the model is analyzed to determine the tissue deformation volume during needle insertion into soft tissue. The procedures for evaluating the puncture force which creates the deformation of the contact point. With the help of the needle insertion experimental investigation, a geometric model of tissue deformation phenomenon and insertion force was investigated. The active needle-soft tissue contacts are studied, and with the help of the energy-based insertion model, the different factors like strain energy, potential, and dissipated energies are investigated. The tests are completed on the tissue mimic PVA gel samples, and the results show the volume and area of tissue deformation; at the time of initial needle insertion, the maximum tissue deformation arises and during the needle movement in the post-perforation stage, the deformation gradually decreases as the more peripheral work is altered into the vicious and degenerate energies. The maximum insertion force was noticed in 14° bevel angle needle tip and at 3 mm/s needle insertion speed, the volume of tissue deformation was maximum. The maximum deformation of the issue arises at the initial perforate position, and the distortion reduces along with the raises of the needle movement during the post-insertion period as the needle insertion work is converted into vicious and dissolute energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surgical needle insertion process is widely applied in medical interference. During the insertion process, the inhomogeneity and denseness of the soft tissues make it tough to detect the essential tissue damage, a rupture occurs that contains huge forces and material deformations. This study is very important, as all the above-mentioned factors are very significant for modern invasive surgery so that the success rate of the surgery can increase and the patient recovers smoothly. This investigation intends to perform minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures and reduce the living tissue damage while performing the biopsy, PCNL, etc. A fracture mechanics method was analyzed to create a needle insertion model which can estimate the needle insertion force during inset in tissue-like PVA gel. The force model was calculated by needle insertion experimentally, and also estimated the needle tip geometry, and diameter influences the fracture toughness. Validate exp. results with simulation results and other papers. It is observed that needle diameter has a significant effect on fracture toughness, whereas the insertion velocity has a slight impact on the fracture toughness. During the rotational needle insertion process, the winds-up of the gel occurs and the diameter of the hole was increasing with increased rpm. Maximum insertion force was noticed in the 27 G needle at 5 mm/s. The interaction function will be less at the maximum fracture development region. Graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is becoming a subject of concern in medical science as it is a serious health problem in developing countries. Carcinoma cervix is primarily staged clinically as per FIGO guideline with minimal permissible usage of diagnostic modalities, even though it has several pitfalls. As we consider the importance of tumor size measurement, we must take into account that, although a necessary step in the evaluation of patients with cervical cancer, physical examination is not a very accurate assessment of tumor size. MRI offers the best imaging tool to determine tumor size, as well as vaginal involvement and parametrial involvement. In patients with cervical cancer, pretreatment MRI provides higher spatial soft tissue resolution which can define pelvic tumor extent, including a more accurate assessment of tumor size, parametrial invasion, pelvic sidewall invasion, and adjacent pelvic organ invasion. We wanted to determine and compare the role of magnetic resonance imaging in pre and post chemotherapy irradiated patents in locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 50 patients diagnosed as a case of locally advanced Cervical carcinoma in the Radiotherapy Department of Burdwan Medical College were included in the study. The present study was aimed to evaluate the use of pre and post chemoradiotherapy MRI for advanced cervical cancer for assessing alteration of tumor volume, lymph nodal assessment and metastasis status in accurate way. Results: In this study we evaluated pre chemo radiotherapy patients and the agreement between clinical stage (FIGO Classification) and MRI by using Kaplan-Meir Survival Curve showed significant agreement between these two (p value = <0.0001). Correlation of response rate in post chemo radiotherapy patients using clinical methods and MRI was evaluated by Kaplan-Meir Survival Curve and it showed there was a positive correlation but this was not statistically significant (p value = 0.15). Conclusions: MRI is more accurate in determining tumour location, tumour size, depth of stromal invasion and extension into lower uterine segment it can modify treatment options and may provide clinically important prognostic information not available from current FIGO staging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]