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This study described the radiological features on echocardiography and MRI specific to cardiac amyloidosis confirmed on biopsy. Eleven cases of biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis were retrospectively reviewed in this study. All patients underwent biopsy, cardiac MRI and echocardiography. The main echocardiography and MRI findings were as follows: diffuse ventricular and septum wall thickening, atrial enlargement, pericardial effusion, restricted left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function, characteristic granular sparkling of myocardium. MRI revealed a characteristic pattern of global subendocardial late enhancement, extending in varying degrees into the neighboring myocardium. The findings agreed with the infiltration distribution of amyloid protein. Typical abnormalities seen on echocardiography and MRI should have important diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac amyloidosis. MRI should be considered in the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis if echocardiographic features are suspicious.

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), as a model herbaceous crop species for bioenergy production, is targeted to improve biomass yield and feedstock quality. Plant height is a major component contributing to biomass yield. Accordingly, the objectives of this research were to analyze phenotypic variation for biomass and plant height and the association between them and to localize associated plant height QTLs. Two lowland switchgrass mapping populations, one selfed and another hybrid population established in the field at Perkins and Stillwater, Oklahoma, were deployed in the experiment for two years post establishment. Large genetic variation existed for plant biomass and height within the two populations. Plant height was positively correlated with biomass yield in the selfed population (r = 0.39, P

Broadcast spawning, wherein gametes of both sexes are released for external fertiliza- tion, is a common mode of reproduction in marine organisms. Despite its importance in the life histo- ries of many species, discovery of its timing is often based on chance observations. Here we report on the spawning of 2 shallow-water brittle stars in southern Taiwan known to have spawning induction, i.e. ovary homogenates induce spawning of conspecific males. The gonad index of both species exhibited an annual cycle with peaks from mid-spring to early summer. Successful induction of spawning in male Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Lamarck) inhabiting the intertidal zone was limited to low tides. After manipulating the depth of the water inhabited by brittle stars, we discovered that suc- cessful induction of spawning was not sensitive to the actual water level. However, males could con- sistently be induced to spawn at the time of low tides even when deprived of tidal influences in the laboratory. Therefore, an endogenous clock mechanism entrained by tide-associated phenomena may control the inductivity of mature male O. scolopendrina. Time of the day, i.e. day versus night, had no effect in this species. In O. dentata (Muller and Troschel) living in the shallow subtidal zone in the same area, male induction was successful during both high and low tides and in both day and night.

The EST database of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus) was mined for developing microsatellite markers. A total of 1476 EST sequences were registered in GenBank when data mining was performed. Fifty sequences (approximately 3.4%) were found to contain one or more microsatellites. Based on the length and GC content of the flanking regions, cluster analysis and BLASTN, 13 microsatellite-containing ESTs were selected for PCR primer design. The results showed that 10 out of 13 primer pairs could amplify scorable PCR products and showed polymorphism. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 13 and the values of Ho and He varied from 0.1222 to 0.8611 and 0.2449 to 0.9311, respectively. No significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between any pairs of these loci was found, and 6 of 10 loci conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). These EST-SSRs are therefore potential tools for studies of intraspecies variation and hybrid identification.

In gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods of analysis adopting the analyte's isotopic analog as the internal standard (IS), the cross-contribution (CC) phenomenon -- contribution of IS to the intensities of the ions designating the analyte, and vice versa -- has been demonstrated to affect the quantitation data. A novel approach based on the deviations of the empirically observed concentrations of a set of standards was developed to assess the accuracy of the empirically derived CC data. This approach demonstrated that normalization of ion intensities derived from the analyte and the IS generates reliable CC data. It further demonstrated that an ion-pair (designating the analyte and the IS) with approximately 5% or higher CC will result in a very limited linear calibration range.

The amount of public transport subsidies in Beijing increased year by year, but the effect of promoting traffic congestion is not significant. The paper analyzes the status of Beijing public transport subsidies, then establish the Beijing public transport subsidy model. Analyze the proportion of the public transport subsidy accounting for the finance revenue ranges from 4.19% to 6.92%. Based the data from the 2013 annual report of Beijing traffic development, the 2013 Beijing City Statistical Yearbook, under Beijing traffic price policies, using matlab to predict the impact of 2015-2020 public transport structure coefficient and share of transit rate on fiscal revenue.

In recent years, with the widespread popularity of e-commerce and online shopping platform, the express industry ushered in a period of rapid growth. The courier market, showing a wide range of competitive trends, gradually form a courier and mutual penetration of electricity supplier industry pattern. Since its inception, SF is playing out all the logistics service providers, and with firm size, expanding the geographical scope of the service, logistics service providers brand positioning in the minds of consumers have a preconceived notion temerity to cut electricity service provider in the field, consumers have an awareness and acceptance phase, especially in the case of electricity supplier brand shops, to guide the consumer brand awareness even more difficult.

In the Internet age, application of the Internet has penetrated into people's daily life. It has a great influence on people's daily life and overturns people's traditional conception of thinking. Depending on the Internet's resources integration ability, Internet companies are rapidly rising and affect the traditional industry's core business. Many traditional enterprises have begun to transform itself through the Internet thinking. This paper embarks from the nature of the Internet and with the seven Internet thinking it derived to analysis the transformation of the enterprise model, the enterprise model and the enterprise value chain.

Geographical heterogeneity in the composition of biotic interactions can create a mosaic of selection regimes that may drive the differentiation of phenotypes that operate at the interface of these interactions. Nonetheless, little is known about effects of these geographical mosaics on the evolution of genes encoding traits associated with species interactions. Predatory marine snails of the family Conidae use venom, a cocktail of conotoxins, to capture prey. We characterized patterns of geographical variation at five conotoxin genes of a vermivorous species, Conus ebraeus , at Hawaii, Guam and American Samoa, and evaluated how these patterns of variation are associated with geographical heterogeneity in prey utilization. All populations show distinct patterns of prey utilization. Three ‘highly polymorphic’ conotoxin genes showed significant geographical differences in allelic frequency, and appear to be affected by different modes of selection among populations. Two genes exhibited low levels of diversity and a general lack of differentiation among populations. Levels of diversity of ‘highly polymorphic’ genes exhibit a positive relationship with dietary breadth. The different patterns of evolution exhibited by conotoxin genes suggest that these genes play different roles in prey capture, and that some genes are more greatly affected by differences in predator–prey interactions than others. Moreover, differences in dietary breadth appear to have a greater influence on the differentiation of venoms than differences in the species of prey.

With the further spread of Chinese mobile communication devices and the acceleration of work and life, mobile commerce develops rapidly in recent years. Mobile commerce based on grid management makes the experience of consumers improved when they are shopping in network. However, as an important participant-the seller’s interests in the mobile commerce are often ignored at the study of the process optimization. After introducing the existing mobile commerce based on grid management, we will explore the appropriate strategy to incent seller to share information using the game theory in the implementation of mobile commerce based on grid management.

With relevant theories on time series clustering, the thesis makes researchinto similarity clustering process of time series from the perspective of singularity andproposes the time series clustering based on singularity applying K-means and DBScanclustering algorithms according to the shortage of traditional clustering algorithm. Inaccordance with the general clustering process of time series, time series clusteringbased on singularity and K-means are made respectively to get different clusteringresults and make a comparison, thus proving that similarity clustering research oftime series from the perspective of singularity can better find out people’s concern ontime series.

In the internet age, people's daily life has been changed with the application of the internet. Internet has penetrated into all aspects of people's lives and it has subverted people's traditional conception of thinking. The internet enterprises gradually invade the core business of the traditional industries with its powerful potentials in resource integration and advanced business model. Many companies begin to make the transition with the help of the internet. Starting from the nature of the internet, this paper summaries seven kinds of internet thinking and put forward the business model under internet thinking. Finally, this paper analyses on the case of Su Ning's transformation to make some reference significance for actual practice.

Schubert, Michael et al., The domestication of the horse ∼5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. © 2014, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved., This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research, Natural Sciences (FNU); the Danish National Research Foundation (DNFR94); a Marie-Curie Career Integration Grant (FP7 CIG-293845); and the International Research Group Program (IRG14-08), Deanship of Scientific Research (King Saud University, Saudi Arabia). H.J. was supported by a Marie-Curie Initial Training Network Grant (EUROTAST; FP7 ITN-290344); A.G. and L. Ermini were supported by Marie-Curie Intra-European Fellowships (FP7 IEF-299176 and FP7 IEF-302617); M.S. was supported by a Lundbeck Foundation Grant (R52-A5062); I.D., A.F., and L. Excoffier were supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation Grant (31003A-143393); M.H. was supported by a European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant (310763); T.M.-B. was supported by an ERC Starting Grant (260372) and by a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) Grant (BFU2011-28549); B.S. was supported by the Packard Foundation; and D.C. was supported by start-up funds to B.S. from the University of California, Santa Cruz.

M-commerce process study has drawn lots of concerns as the rapid development of m-commerce, how to analyze and define the direction of process optimization are more important. Through three indicators — goods selection, login, filling out the consignee information, the paper calculate the shopping activities' DIT(the Distance of Information-state Transition) on current domestic six major websites which have a larger customer base from users' point of view, through calculation and comparison of the calculation result, making recommends for mobile commerce process and providing the strategy to improve the mobile commerce sites, the DIT theory also provides a quantitative analysis method for research on mobile commerce process.

Two newly emerged, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains (Henan-A10 and A11) were isolated from the sera of aborting sows. Interestingly, both of the isolates could replicate in primary porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells but not in MARC-145 cells. A phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome was constructed and the results showed that Henan-A10 and A11 were most closely related to other highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) strains. However, genomic sequence analysis showed that Henan-A10 and A11 shared only 96.8–97.8% nucleotide identity with the representative HP-PRRSV strain JXA1. Notably, a 10 amino acids deletion in the GP2 endodomain was identified for the first time. A full-length, infectious cDNA clone of HuN4-F112 (attenuated strain from a HP-PRRSV) was used to construct a chimeric clone with the corresponding deletion in GP2. We found that the deletion did not affect viral growth in MARC-145 cells, indicating that the endodomain of PRRSV GP2 may be variable.

The rapid development of the mobile Internet is changing people’s lives. Today, many colleges and universities have established many advanced internet-based information management and operation system. But there is a big gap in the effective utilization of the mobile internet. WeChat is an excellent mobile internet-based mobile phone application, with multi-functions and strong user base and stickiness. This paper discusses the features and functions of the WeChat platform, and put forward a smart university campus information dissemination framework based on the WeChat platform. Then discuss a case based on WeChat public platform.

Personal knowledge management is the basic element of organizational knowledge management and the maturity of personal knowledge management has direct impact to maturity of organizational knowledge management. This research builds a personal knowledge management maturity model and the assessment criteria, and combines personal knowledge management with the scientific thought of capability maturity model. At the end of paper, the validity of the model is verified through the instance in this paper, so that this research can provide reference and suggestion to improve the level of personal knowledge management in knowledge-based organizations.

A newly emerged porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) that has caused severe reproductive losses in sows appeared in some regions of China in 2013. To explore the biology of this new PRRSV and understand more fully genetic diversity in PRRSV isolates from China, the complete genome of the two 2013 Chinese isolates, designated HLJA1 and HLJB1, were analyzed. Genomic sequence analysis showed that HLJA1 and HLJB1 shared 88.6–98.3% nucleotide identity with genotype 2 (North American type, NA-type) isolates, but only 61.1% with the genotype 1 (European type, EU-type) isolate of Lelystad virus, indicating that both these isolates belong to the NA-type PRRSV genotype. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NA-type PRRSV isolates formed three subgroups (1, 2 and 3); representatives of these subgroups are VR-2332, CH-1a and HUN4, respectively. HLJA1 and HLJB1 belong to subgroup 2. Analysis of NSP2 revealed that HLJA1 has a 48-amino acid deletion at positions 473–480 and 482–521, unlike other HP-PRRSV isolates, while HLJB1 has only a 1-amino acid deletion at position 481 compared with CH-1a. Interestingly, HLJA1 replicated in PAM cells but not in MARC-145 cells, whereas HLJB1 replicated in both cell types. The neutralizing antibody titer of pig hyperimmune sera against HUN4 was significantly higher than that of HLJA1 or HLJB1. Additionally, genetic variability in GP5 and GP3 proteins and in the novel ORF5a protein was evident. In addition to elucidating the genetic relationships between PRRSV isolates, our results suggest that Chinese PRRSV will remain a pandemic virus.

Background Much attention has been given to the potential of halophytes as sources of tolerance traits for introduction into cereals. However, a great deal remains unknown about the diverse mechanisms employed by halophytes to cope with salinity. To characterize salt tolerance mechanisms underlying Karelinia caspica, an Asteraceae halophyte, we performed Large-scale transcriptomic analysis using a high-throughput Illumina sequencing platform. Comparative gene expression analysis was performed to correlate the effects of salt stress and ABA regulation at the molecular level. Results Total sequence reads generated by pyrosequencing were assembled into 287,185 non-redundant transcripts with an average length of 652 bp. Using the BLAST function in the Swiss-Prot, NCBI nr, GO, KEGG, and KOG databases, a total of 216,416 coding sequences associated with known proteins were annotated. Among these, 35,533 unigenes were classified into 69 gene ontology categories, and 18,378 unigenes were classified into 202 known pathways. Based on the fold changes observed when comparing the salt stress and control samples, 60,127 unigenes were differentially expressed, with 38,122 and 22,005 up- and down-regulated, respectively. Several of the differentially expressed genes are known to be involved in the signaling pathway of the plant hormone ABA, including ABA metabolism, transport, and sensing as well as the ABA signaling cascade. Conclusions Transcriptome profiling of K. caspica contribute to a comprehensive understanding of K. caspica at the molecular level. Moreover, the global survey of differentially expressed genes in this species under salt stress and analyses of the effects of salt stress and ABA regulation will contribute to the identification and characterization of genes and molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress responses in Asteraceae plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-927) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

With the rapid development of mobile technology, m-commerce appears in people’s lives. There are difficulties, like information sharing and business collaboration, existing in traditional m-commerce process, and the idea of grid management has the ability of optimization. This study constructed the grid m-commerce process based on grid management and traditional process. In allusion to the information sharing between participants, this paper built a game model and came to a conclusion on how to promote the information sharing by analyzing the game strategies and a real case.

With the rapid development and the widely use of mobile technology, M-commerce appears in people’s lives and the research on it has gradually become the focus of scholars. Difficulties, such as information sharing, business collaboration and process reengineering, are existing in M-commerce, but the idea of grid management can be a powerful weapon that optimize the process. Based on the problems of traditional M-commerce process, this paper constructed the grid M-commerce process based on the idea of grid management. Through the help of Arena simulation software, we proved that all the convenience, function and safety of process were improved.

With the development of E-commerce, more and more scholars have paid attention to the research on Mobile E-commerce and mostly focus on the optimization and evaluation of existing process. This paper will do some research on evaluation of the Mobile E-commerce process with a method named ASME. Firstly, put in order the existing process, namely Non-grid Mobile E-commerce process and put in order Grid Mobile E-commerce process. Secondly, form the evaluation system with ASME. Thirdly, compare the out coming and point out the superiority of Grid Mobile E-commerce process. This paper provides a new way on the evaluation of Mobile E-commerce.

To reduce the carbon emissions, and to guarantee that the social sustainable development is an important task to the Manufacturing firm. Therefore, it should provide new request for designing the chain plan in the enterprise.

Distributed transmit beamforming using an ad-hoc network of 10 RF transmitters was demonstrated using radio nodes developed from off-the-shelf components and modules. A time-slotted protocol allowed carrier phases from each transmitter to be measured at a receiver and fed back to the transmitters where Kalman filters were used to predict the offset phases and frequencies. Offsets were digitally compensated for during beamforming intervals. Beamforming gain within 0.1dB of ideal was demonstrated across 1 km at 910MHz. This is the first report (to our knowledge) of a successful outdoor RF distributed transmit beamforming experiment using independent clocks at this scale.

To observe the efficacy of enhancing murine zona pellucid 3(mZP3) DNA vaccine immunized through intranasal vaccination by IL-15 as adjuvant and chitosan as delivery vactor.C57BL/6 mice were delivered with chitosan-loaded mZP3 DNA vaccine or IL-15+pcD-mZP3 vaccine by intranasal route, and to detect specific IgG in serum and sIgA in vaginal fluid by indirect ELISA, and to perform fertility experiment that all female C57BL/6 mice were mated(one male for each female) with normal males of similar age. To do histology analysis of immunized mice ovary and lungs for morphology of ovary.The results of ELISA showed IL-15 can promote IgG antibody level of immunized mice, and the fertility rate was decreased to some degrees.IL-15 and chitosan can enhance the antibody levels induced by mZP3 DNA vaccine, and reduce murine fertility rate to a certain extent.

Since the emergence of mobile commerce, there have been much research and practice on how to improve wireless communication technology and safety technology, however, the research which integrated wireless technology and business processes of the original e-commerce is still in its early stage, lacking of systematic analysis and theoretical support regarding the information sharing, business collaboration, and effectively access of mobile devices in practice. In this paper, mobile business processes is the research object. On the basis of combing and analyzing the current mobile business process, utilizing the grid management theory construct mobile business process based on grid. Furthermore, a quantitative simulation will be made on non-grid and grid-based mobile business processes in order to prove the superiority of mobile business processes based on grid.

To investigate the clinical application, feasibility and value of 3 T whole-heart contrast enhanced free-breathing navigator-gated three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CE-CMRA).3 T CE-CMRA was used to examine patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CAD). Gd-BOPTA (0.2 mmol/kg) was injected intravenously with slow infusion rate (0.3 ml/s) to perform enhancement. Data were post-processed to obtain principal branches of coronary artery and picture quality was evaluated. According to results of selective coronary arteriography (SCAG), the diagnostic accuracy of CE-CMRA for diagnosing CAD was judged by means of detecting significant stenosis (50%) of the principal branches based on the 9 segments of coronary artery.Twenty-three out of 26 patients successfully completed the examination. The mean scanning time was (10.4 ± 2.1) minutes, 178 out of 202 (88.1%) SCAG demonstrated segments could be evaluated by CE-CMRA. The imaging quality was superior in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches than in distal segments. Based on patient-level, there were 9 positive cases and 14 negative cases examined by CE-CMRA compared with 11 positive cases and 12 negative cases examined by SCAG, respectively. The whole diagnose accordance rate of CE-CMRA was 91.3% (21/23) compared with SCAG. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive values were 81.8% (9/11), 88.5% (169/191) and 98.8% (9/31) respectively.3 T CE-CMRA is a feasible non-invasive imaging modality for diagnosing CAD, especially to detect significant stenosis in proximal and middle segments of coronary artery principal branches. However, the detecting efficacy is limited in assessing stenosis of distal segment and small branches of coronary artery.

Clostridium beijerinckii strain AM21B was isolated from termites. At uncontrolled pH, it produced 108.9 mmol of hydrogen in 24 h from 10 g of glucose at a conversion rate of 105.7 mmol/g dry cells, and it produced 101.6 mmol of hydrogen in 24 h from 10 g of starch at pH 6.0, at a conversion rate of 77.6 mmol/g dry cells at pH 7.0. The hourly maximum hydrogen evolution rates were 22.3 mmol/h from glucose and 18.3 mmol/h from starch at pH 6.5 and 36 °C. Strain AM21B also produced hydrogen from arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, and xylose at conversion efficiencies ranging from 15.7 to 19.0 mmol/g of substrate for 24 h.Key words: hydrogen production, carbohydrates, bacteria, termites, Clostridium beijerinckii.

This study was aimed to explore a novel potential gene target for therapy of malignant tumor. The recombinant expression plasmids of VEGF/VEGFR-2 were designed, constructed and then transfected into A549 cells by using lipofectamine. The expressions of VEGF/VEGFR-2 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 and the cell apoptosis was detected using Hoechst Staining. The results indicated that as compared with the blank control, pGenesil-1 and scramble groups, the interference effect of pGenesil-1-vegfr-2-shRNA-1 vector group was more obvious. As the expression of endogenous vegfr-2 mRNA decreased, the expression of VEGFR-2 protein decreased correspondingly. The proliferation of A549 cells was inhibited significantly by RNAi at 72 hours (p0.01). The apoptosis of A549 cells was induced at 48 hours after being transfected with pGenesil-1-vegfr-2-shRNA-1 and the typical apoptosis morphology could be seen by fluorescence microscopy. It is concluded that the expression of vegfr-2 gene is inhibited effectively by vegfr-2 specific shRNA. The proliferation of A549 cells is inhibited significantly and the apoptosis of cells is induced. This result showed that VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway can be an effective target for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumor.

At present, urban logistics is a new academic field in the Logistics and a new subject in construction and management of city. Many cities take the development of modern logistics industry and the formulation of logistics plan in an important agenda. The theory and practice of urban logistics is still in its infancy in our country, and urban logistics is uncoordinated clearly. Besides, there is a shortage of the experience in urban logistics management. These factors have been obstacles in improving urban economic. Urban logistics resources sharing, collaborative work researches are still in its infancy stage, and there is no systematic theoretical support. Grid management refers to the operation of mechanisms of grid, which can achieve resources sharing, business collaboration and integration of unified services effectively within its borders. It can schedule the resources effectively, and has the merits such as simplicity, effectiveness, timeliness and the normative. It has the same goal with resources integration of urban logistics, so this paper makes the theory of grid management for the theory of study, makes a deep research about grid-based management system for urban logistics resources, and then demonstrates the advantages of it. Through the research, we can find the reasonable and scientific method for the resources integration of urban logistics in theory, and provide the proposed countermeasures for the optimization and application of resources integration of domestic urban logistics.

Biopolymeric hollow nanospheres with stabilized structure have been prepared by self-assembly of amphiphatic photocrosslinkable carboxymethyl chitosans in a water medium into hollow nanocapsules and subsequent in situ photo-crosslinking of the photoreactive functional groups in the shells of the nanocapsules.

As the logistics development trends towards regional integration, many scholars begin to pay attentions to the rationalization of regional logistics [1]. The concept of synergy is frequently proposed in the operation [2], however, the research on resources integration of regional logistics in order to share resource and collaborate is still in its infancy stage, and there is no systematic theoretical support. The paper constructs the resources integration system of regional logistics based on griddization management, analyzes the quantitative comparison of griddization and non-griddization resources integration of regional logistics, and sets up a service quality evaluation system. Comprehensive simulations and comparisons show that the griddization model is practically optimal and theoretically promising.

Recently, the Enterprises in Network Society Community developed rapidly and competed intensely. In order to prevent emergence reverse evolution of the network society communities, this study give some advices on the Synergetic Evolution between the Enterprises in Network Society Community. Through the comparison with the Traditional enterprise, the enterprises in Network Society Community have their own characteristics on traditional organization, formation and can competitive edge. Then this paper analyzed the way of synergetic evolution were mainly symbiotic, competitive, predation and parasitic. With the Model of Lotka-Volterra, it researched the competition and predation relationship on the Virtual Enterprise Clusters and used an example to authenticate that the number of corporate population was shocked around a central point and could only form a group of mutually disjoint closed curves. Lastly, some measures were taken to improve the Synergetic Evolution between the Enterprises in Network Society Community.

BACKGROUND:Members of the predatory gastropod genus Conus use a venom comprised of a cocktail of peptide neurotoxins, termed conotoxins or conopeptides, to paralyze prey and conotoxin gene family members diversify via strong positive selection. Because Conus venoms are used primarily to subdue prey, the evolution of venoms is likely affected by predator-prey interactions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:To identify the selective forces that drive the differentiation of venoms within species of Conus, we examined the distribution of alleles of a polymorphic O-superfamily conotoxin locus of Conus ebraeus at Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii. Previous analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences suggest that populations of C. ebraeus, a worm-eating Conus, are not structured genetically in the western and central Pacific. Nonetheless, because the sample size from Guam was relatively low, we obtained additional data from this location and reexamined patterns of genetic variation at the mitochondrial gene at Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii. We also utilized a DNA-based approach to identify prey items of individuals of C. ebraeus from Guam and compared this information to published data on diets at Okinawa and Hawaii. Our results show that conotoxin allelic frequencies differ significantly among all three locations, with strongest differentiation at Hawaii. We also confirm previous inferences that C. ebraeus exhibits no genetic differentiation between Okinawa, Guam and Hawaii at the mitochondrial locus. Finally, DNA-based analyses show that eunicid polychaetes comprise the majority of the prey items of C. ebraeus at Guam; while this results compares well with observed diet of this species at Okinawa, C. ebraeus preys predominantly on nereid polychaetes at Hawaii. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:These results imply that strong selection pressures affect conotoxin allelic frequencies. Based on the dietary information, the selection may derive from geographic variation in dietary specialization and local coevolutionary arms races between Conus and their prey.

A two-step derivatization approach has been developed to enable the simultaneous analysis of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone by the most efficient and widely applied GC-MS methodology. These three analytes are reactive carbonyl compounds associated with the formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products, a process thought to contribute to uremic toxicity and referred to as "carbonyl stress". Effective analysis of these compounds would facilitate understanding these compounds' role in diabetes-related complications. Plasma samples were deproteinized by acetonitrile, followed by a two-step derivatization approach. Pooled plasma samples from healthy individuals were used as the "blank" for preparing calibration standards. The concentrations of the analytes in the "blank" were first determined by standard addition method. Calibration parameters were accordingly established and used to analyze these compounds in plasma samples collected from healthy individuals and diabetic patients. Analytical findings are comparable with those reported in the literature. Quantitation data can be further improved by making available and using isotopically labeled analogs of these analytes as the internal standards.

The network society is a new social pattern that is different from the traditional society. And in this situation many new enterprise communities will come into being. The research of the evolution of such enterprise communities has important significances about the arrangement of the resource for the enterprise and the governor. The evolution trend of enterprise community is researched based on the evolution model of individual number of enterprises.

Symbiotic Virtual Enterprise Cluster (SVEC) is a dynamic alliance, and there is a relative balance between enterprises. Some similarities are exhibited between species in nature and SVEC, such as ecological balance and evolution. In this paper, logistic equation, from biology, is borrowed to construct Ecological balance Model, conditions for SVEC to reach its ecological balance and the optimal solutions are also analyzed. This paper provides a new method for enterprisepsilas reasonable alliance strategy establishment.

Under normal circumstances, a test specimen is reported as "negative" when the response of the analyte is absent. However, if the intensity of the internal standard (IS) is low, indicating interference factors, the test could be considered "inconclusive." A quantitative hypothesis, A=(R x I x S)/L, serves as the "cutoff" for the acceptable signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for the IS in making "negative/inconclusive" decisions, where A is the acceptable S/N ratio for internal standard; R is the relative response of the IS and the analyte (same concentration); I is the concentration of the IS; S is the (minimal S/N ratio); and L is the limit of detection. The hypothesis was empirically tested using the 9-carboxy-11-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) analyte, THC-COOH-d(3) IS, with ibuprofen and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as interference factors. Urine specimens containing 0-5 ng/mL of THC-COOH were spiked with various quantities of ibuprofen or H(2)O(2), followed by liquid-liquid extraction, derivatization, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis under selected-ion-monitoring mode. Among the "adulterated" test specimens evaluated (those with an S/N for the internal standard below the acceptable IS S/N "A") the quantitative criterion was indeed found to provide a useful guide for making negative/inconclusive decisions. This equation could be programmed into the instrument software to flag results as being inconclusive when they do not meet the criteria described in this paper.

This paper contains a taxonomy of the uses of ontologies, intended as motivation for the Ontology Definition Metamodel development effort by the Object Management Group. It describes several usage scenarios for ontologies and proposes example applications for use in these scenarios. Many of the scenarios and applications are based on efforts currently underway in industry and academia. The scenarios descriptions are followed by goals for the Ontology Definition Metamodel.

Individual knowledge management is basic component of organizational knowledge management, and the maturity of individual knowledge management has a significant impact on organizational knowledge management. This research introduces scientific idea of capability maturity model into individual knowledge management, building corresponding assessment criteria combined with features of individual knowledge management, and constructing an individual knowledge management maturity model with gray comprehensive evaluation method. In the fourth part of this paper, the validity of the model has been verified by applying the model on an instance. This research is made in order to provide references and suggestions on improving the level of individual knowledge management in knowledge-based organizations.