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Reports on the entries in the Plutonium Memorial Design Contest of the 'Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.' Criteria for judging the entries; Winners of the contests; Design of the entries; Views on nuclear weapons.

It's time for the AECT 2021 International Convention, the first hybrid event in our organization's history! The Palmer staff maintain a constant cleaning routine throughout the hotel, which is also outfitted with hand sanitizer, masks, and wipes in several locations on every floor. Welcome to #AECT21 in Chicago + Virtual!. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consumer electronics are creating huge job markets for graduates with the programming back- ground, and more and more computer science departments are launching embedded software subjects to meet this demand. However, most students majoring computer science do not have the background in electronics, or even circuits. Due to this reason, how to convey the abstract knowledge on embedded software tangibly to students in computer science is a significant challenge in teaching to bridge the gap between the limited background and curriculum requirements. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a student project to develop and pilot test a mobile robot platform, and a peer competition with the robots developed by other students. The project requires students to develop a mobile robot using commercial sensors and actuators for simultaneous light source seeking and obstacle avoidance. The development and assembly of such a system stimulate students' interest in this subject and provide them with a concrete understanding of embedded systems. The algorithm design and implementation enhance their theoretical knowledge gained from lectures. To facilitate the development, this project is partitioned into multiple parts and we provided a one-hour tutorial every week for all parts. The components include basic simple concepts such as input/output programming, intermediate tasks such as reading sensor data and controlling motors, and advanced topics such as multi-threading to simultaneously control multiple software methods. The final competition motivates students to develop robust and optimal programs. It helps them accumulate practical knowledge about performance limits of some electronic devices and calibration techniques to improve the performance. The pilot testing of this course has been conducted for two semesters and all major issues have been addressed. A comprehensive survey was conducted at the end of the course to get student feedback on different pedagogical aspects of the course. The evaluation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the project in enhancing students' understanding of electronics, knowledge of programming to support embedded systems, and critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open data science and algorithm development competitions offer a unique avenue for rapid discovery of better computational strategies. We highlight three examples in computational biology and bioinformatics research in which the use of competitions has yielded significant performance gains over established algorithms. These include algorithms for antibody clustering, imputing gene expression data, and querying the Connectivity Map (CMap). Performance gains are evaluated quantitatively using realistic, albeit sanitized, data sets. The solutions produced through these competitions are then examined with respect to their utility and the prospects for implementation in the field. We present the decision process and competition design considerations that lead to these successful outcomes as a model for researchers who want to use competitions and non-domain crowds as collaborators to further their research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the rapid development of the new industrial revolution and new technologies, new elements have been introduced into engineering disciplines. The concept " new engineering disciplines" has a higher demand on the training of the innovation capacity of engineering undergraduates. Firstly, the paper introduces the basic contents and applications in engineering disciplines of the project-based teaching method, and clarifies the importance of the method in cultivating engineering undergraduates in four aspects, i. e ., autonomous learning intelligence, synthesis application ability, innovational practice spirit and group cooperation capacity. Then depending on innovative practices of college students and aiming at innovation capacity cultivation, a "Three Stages, Six Steps" framework of project-based teaching method is developed. Lastly, focusing on the National Structure Design Competition of civil engineering, the teaching activities are conducted in three stages which are project preparation, project execution and project assessment. The effectiveness of the practices is discussed based on the tracking survey of the students ' achievements in practice activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New bridge in HafenCity – pedestrian and bicycle crossing with integrated infrastructure via Baakenhafen In Hamburg, extensive infrastructure projects are being implemented as part of the revitalization of the Baakenhafen district. Besides others this includes the new central pedestrian and bicycle crossing via Baakenhafen. The slender steel bridge with a span length of 65 m is the result of a design competition sponsored by HafenCity Hamburg GmbH, won by Hamburg based architects Gerkan, Marg and Partner (gmp architects) in collaboration with the structural engineers of Knippers Helbig from Stuttgart. In addition to its function as a route connection, the bridge also serves as a logistical infrastructure construction for the sole supply of the district with the necessary energy sources and media. The completion in May 2018 was therefore an integral part of urban development within HafenCity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is the annual evaluation of fully automatic, classical logic Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) systems. CASC-27 was the twenty-fourth competition in the CASC series. Twenty-five ATP systems and system variants competed in the various competition divisions. This paper presents an outline of the competition design, and a commentated summary of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel one-dimensional deep capsule network (CapsNet) architecture is proposed for continuous Indian sign language recognition. • Recognition of sentences is performed using signals recorded from a custom-designed wearable IMU device. • Proposed CapsNet yields improved accuracy values of 94% for 3 routings and 92.50% for 5 routings in comparison with the convolutional neural network (CNN) that yields an accuracy of 87.99%. • Improved learning of the proposed architecture is also validated by spatial activations depicting excited units at the predictive layer. • Finally, a novel non-cooperative pick-and-predict competition is designed between CapsNet and CNN. Higher value of Nash equilibrium for CapsNet as compared to CNN indicates the suitability of the proposed approach. Sign Language is used by the deaf community all over world. The work presented here proposes a novel one-dimensional deep capsule network (CapsNet) architecture for continuous Indian Sign Language recognition by means of signals obtained from a custom designed wearable IMU system. The performance of the proposed CapsNet architecture is assessed by altering dynamic routing between capsule layers. The proposed CapsNet yields improved accuracy values of 94% for 3 routings and 92.50% for 5 routings in comparison with the convolutional neural network (CNN) that yields an accuracy of 87.99%. Improved learning of the proposed architecture is also validated by spatial activations depicting excited units at the predictive layer. Finally, a novel non-cooperative pick-and-predict competition is designed between CapsNet and CNN. Higher value of Nash equilibrium for CapsNet as compared to CNN indicates the suitability of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data competitions rely on real‐time leaderboards to rank competitor entries and stimulate algorithm improvement. While such competitions have become quite popular and prevalent, particularly in supervised learning formats, their implementations by the host are highly variable. Without careful planning, a supervised learning competition is vulnerable to overfitting, where the winning solutions are so closely tuned to the particular set of provided data that they cannot generalize to the underlying problem of interest to the host. This paper outlines some important considerations for strategically designing relevant and informative data sets to maximize the learning outcome from hosting a competition based on our experience. It also describes a postcompetition analysis that enables robust and efficient assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of solutions from different competitors, as well as greater understanding of the regions of the input space that are well‐solved. The postcompetition analysis, which complements the leaderboard, uses exploratory data analysis and generalized linear models (GLMs). The GLMs not only expand the range of results we can explore, they also provide more detailed analysis of individual subquestions including similarities and differences between algorithms across different types of scenarios, universally easy or hard regions of the input space, and different learning objectives. When coupled with a strategically planned data generation approach, the methods provide richer and more informative summaries to enhance the interpretation of results beyond just the rankings on the leaderboard. The methods are illustrated with a recently completed competition to evaluate algorithms capable of detecting, identifying, and locating radioactive materials in an urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two growing literatures critique Hobbesian corporate cultures. Management analyses document the way high-stakes/zero-sum bonus systems undermine, rather than enhance, productivity as they subvert teamwork, valorize self-interested behavior, and weaken ethical standards. This literature treats negative effects of such systems, including lawless and unethical behavior, as the unintended consequences of efforts to shake up complacent institutions or replace an insular old guard with an ambitious and meritocratic new workforce. A second, darker literature terms such Hobbesian environments "masculinities contests" that select for those executives who best exemplify masculine traits such as a single-minded focus on professional success, physical strength, and the willingness to engage in no-holds-barred competition. This literature treats the rule-breaking environment that results as an incidental byproduct of the way that such cultures valorize masculine traits. Drawing on insights from criminology, psychology, and feminist theory, this Article suggests another possibility: that certain management cultures intentionally design the competitions to facilitate breaking the rules with impunity. In a Hobbesian world, where some profit handsomely from defying convention, zero-sum competitions play a role that extends beyond valorizing alpha males. They select for leaders who will lie, shortchange their families, and break the law to get results--and do so without explicit orders that might subject upper management to accountability for the practices. In such a world, women fall behind not necessarily because of misogyny, though such environments often breed it. Instead, they lose because of a triple bind. First, women cannot prevail in such competitions unless they can outmaneuver men, credibly display greater devotion to the job, or more brazenly flout the laws. Second, they are disproportionately disliked and punished for displaying the selfcentered, rule-breaking behavior of men. Third, women become less likely to seek positions because they correctly perceive that they could not thrive and are more likely than men to decide they do not wish to do so on such terms, reinforcing the male-identified character of such environments. Where these companies' business models depend not just on the ability to upend traditional practices, but to break the law, the companies cannot address gender disparities without addressing the business model itself. The Article concludes that gender inequality is intrinsically intertwined with the evisceration of the rule of law in corporate America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Field experiment on competitive, cooperative, and inter-team competitive gamification. • Intrinsic motivation, contribution and WOM highest in inter-team competition. • Users organized into teams rather than as individual is more optional structure. Information technology is being increasingly employed to harness under-utilized resources via more effective coordination. This progress has manifested in different developments, for instance, crowdsourcing (e.g. Wikipedia, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and Waze), crowdfunding (e.g. Kickstarter, Indiegogo, and RocketHub) or the sharing economy (e.g. Uber, Airbnb, and Didi Chuxing). Since the sustainability of these IT-enabled forms of resource coordination do not commonly rely merely on direct economic benefits of the participants, but also on other non-monetary, intrinsic gratifications, such systems are increasingly gamified that is, designers use features of games to induce enjoyment and general autotelicy of the activity. However, a key problem in gamification design has been whether it is better to use competition-based or cooperation-based designs. We examine this question through a field experiment in a gamified crowdsourcing system, employing three versions of gamification: competitive, cooperative, and inter-team competitive gamification. We study these gamified conditions' effects on users' perceived enjoyment and usefulness of the system as well as on their behaviors (system usage, crowdsourcing participation, engagement with the gamification feature, and willingness to recommend the crowdsourcing application). The results reveal that inter-team competitions are most likely to lead to higher enjoyment and crowdsourcing participation, as well as to a higher willingness to recommending a system. Further, the findings indicate that designers should consider cooperative instead of competitive approaches to increase users' willingness to recommend crowdsourcing systems. These insights add relevant findings to the ongoing discourse on the roles of different types of competitions in gamification designs and suggest that crowdsourcing system designers and operators should implement gamification with competing teams instead of typically used competitions between individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Science Foundation (NSF) of the United States of America has established a Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) program to provide scholarships (financial aid) and increase academic success of low-income, academically talented students with demonstrated financial need who are pursuing associate, baccalaureate, or graduate degrees in STEM. This paper describes the overall framework of the NSF-funded SSTEM program at Utah State University, including program goals and student recruitment and selection. Over the past three-year project period, 31 students were awarded S-STEM scholarships. Students could renew their scholarships for up to 4 years. A detailed description of two co-curricular activities that were particularly designed and implemented for SSTEM students is provided. These activities include S-STEM industry seminars and a student design competition. The impacts of these activities are assessed through analysis of student comments and responses to questionnaire surveys. The assessment results show that both activities have a positive impact on S-STEM students. Four lessons learned from the program implementation are described to help engineering educators adopt these activities in their respective institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Student Electronic Design Contest is one of the most influential professional competitions in the field of electrical information. Students receive training, and the competition process is close to the development of small electronic products. The power electronics category is the content of competing for more than ten years. This paper analyzes and classifies the topics of power electronics for more than 10 years, and puts forward the solutions to the topics. This paper studies the simulation, especially the selection of simulation software, the basic simulation module and simulation methods. Fast and effective simulation will improve the efficiency of development, improve accuracy, is benefit for improvement of electronic design competition, and helpful to students in the future as R & D engineers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on two aspects relating to the construction of the Deutsches Vereinshaus (the German Club House) in Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg). (1) It seeks to shed light on the political background of the most important individuals behind the idea for the construction of the club house and to reconstruct the individual steps leading up to the building's construction, including the funding, the choice of lot to build on, and the role of the town in the entire matter. (2) It examines in detail the architectural competition that was held in late 1900 and 1901. The paper discusses the conditions of the competition, the jury's evaluative report (which is an appendix to this paper), individual designs from the competition that have been preserved, and the not altogether direct path from the winning competition project by architect Georg Berger (1856-1930) to the project that was ultimately built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mimarlık is the property of Chamber of Architects in Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)