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201. Results from KASCADE-Grande

Author: Kai Daumiller, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, P. Łuczak, N. Palmieri, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, M. Ludwig, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, G.C. Trinchero, J. Oehlschläger, M. Finger, M. Melissas, B. Mitrica, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, Claus Grupen, V. de Souza, Jörg R. Hörandel, G. Toma, T. Huege, A. Chiavassa, D. Huber, M. Wommer, H.J. Mayer, H. J. Mathes, G. Navarra, A. Weindl, F.G. Schröder, T. Pierog, R. Glasstetter, Piera Luisa Ghia, F. Di Pierro, Markus Roth, J. Engler, C. Morello, P.G. Isar, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, P. Doll, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, K. Link, J. Zabierowski, Andreas Haungs, F. Cossavella, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, E. Cantoni, D. Heck, Ralph Engel, H. Rebel, W. D. Apel, H. Schieler, and Karl-Heinz Kampert
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 10 16-10 18 eV, Air showers, Energy spectra, Germany, High energy, KASCADE-Grande, Mass composition, Multicomponents, Primary energies, Chemical analysis, Cosmic rays, Experiments, Spectroscopy, 10 16-10 18 eV, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, KASCADE-Grande, Primary energies, Nuclear physics, Air showers, Germany, Energy spectrum, Chemical analysis, Cosmic rays, Instrumentation, Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Sampling (statistics), Mass composition, Energy spectra, Air shower, KASCADE, High energy, Multicomponents, Experiments
Abstract: The KASCADE–Grande experiment, located at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies 1014–1018 eV. Main goals of the experiment are the measurement of the all-particle energy spectrum and mass composition in the 1016–1018 eV range by sampling charged (Nch) and muon ( N μ ) components of the air shower. The method to derive the energy spectrum and its uncertainties, as well as the implications of the obtained result, is discussed. An overview of the analyses performed by KASCADE–Grande to derive the mass composition of the measured high-energy comic rays is presented as well.
Published: 2012
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202. Illumination Methods for Automated Produce Inspection: Design Considerations

Author: null H. A. Affeldt, null Jr., and null R. D. Heck
Subjects: Engineering drawing, Matching (statistics), Engineering, Automated X-ray inspection, business.industry, Fruits and vegetables, General Engineering, Line sampling, Systems design, Product (category theory), business, Reliability engineering
Abstract: Automatic optical inspection of fresh and lightly processed fruits and vegetables has become an economic and technologically feasible alternative to total manual inspection and line sampling. Design of such systems necessitates matching the desired product evaluation with the physiological character of the product and the limits of performance of the optical system elements. Several commercial illumination methods presented demonstrate the difficulties associated with total product imaging when faced with the challenges of real world product handling and illumination. Subtle performance limitations of commonly used optical elements are examined revealing paradoxical constraints in system design.
Published: 1994
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203. First results of the air shower experiment KASCADE

Author: A. Haungs, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, K. Bernlöhr, H. Blümer, E. Bollmann, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, C. Büttner, A. Chilingarian, K. Daumiller, P. Doll, J. Engler, F. Feßler, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, R. Haeusler, W. Hafemann, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, T. Holst, K.-H. Kampert, H. Keim, J. Kempa, H.O. Klages, J. Knapp, D. Martello, H.J. Mathes, P. Matussek, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, D. Mühlenberg, J. Oehlschläger, M. Petcu, H. Rebel, M. Risse, M. Roth, G. Schatz, F.K. Schmidt, T. Thouw, H. Ulrich, A. Vardanyan, B. Vulpescu, J.H. Weber, J. Wentz, T. Wiegert, J. Wochelea, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, A., Haung, T., Antoni, W. D., Apel, F., Badea, K., Bekk, K., Bernlohr, H., Blumer, E., Bollmann, H., Bozdog, I. M., Brancu, C., Buttner, A., Chilingarian, K., Daumiller, P., Doll, J., Engler, F., Fessler, H. J., Gil, R., Glasstetter, R., Haeusler, W., Hafemann, D., Heck, J. R., Horandel, T., Holst, K. H., Kampert, H., Keim, J., Kempa, H. O., Klage, J., Knapp, Martello, Daniele, H. J., Mathe, P., Matussek, H. J., Mayer, J., Milke, D., Muhlenberg, J., Oehlschlager, M., Petcu, H., Rebel, M., Risse, M., Roth, G., Schatz, F. K., Schmidt, T., Thouw, H., Ulrich, A., Vardanyan, B., Vulpescu, J. H., Weber, J., Wentz, T., Wiegert, J., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, and S., Zagromski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Elemental composition, Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Shower, Air shower, KASCADE, Energy spectrum
Abstract: The main goals of the KASCADE (KArlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector) experiment are the determination of the energy spectrum and elemental composition of the charged cosmic rays in the energy range around the knee at ca. 5 PeV. Due to the large number of measured observables per single shower a variety of different approaches are applied to the data, preferably on an event-by-event basis. First results are presented and the influence of the high-energy interaction models underlying the analyses is discussed., 3 pages, 3 figures included, to appear in the TAUP 99 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.), ed. by M. Froissart, J. Dumarchez and D. Vignaud
Published: 2000

204. Axillary Recurrence after Sentinel Node Biopsy

Author: D. Heck, Roswitha Koeberle-Wuehrer, P. Konstantiniuk, M. Jagoutz-Herzlinger, Peter Schrenk, Raimund Jakesz, S. Roka, and A. Urbania
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Sentinel lymph node, Sentinel node, Vascular surgery, medicine.disease, Cardiac surgery, Breast cancer, Biopsy, Medicine, Surgery, Radiology, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy seems to be a promising new method for determining axillary status in breast cancer. The method helps to reduce morbidity, and an increased number of micrometastases are detected in the sentinel nodes by which patients with a less favourable outcome are identified. However, no long-term follow-up data is available.
Published: 2002
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205. Evangelism

Author: Joel D. Heck
Published: 2011
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206. Results of cutting balloon angioplasty for carotid artery in-stent restenosis in six patients: description of the technique, long-term outcomes, and review of the literature

Author: D Heck
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid arteries, Restenosis, Angioplasty, Long term outcomes, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, cardiovascular diseases, Registries, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Graft Occlusion, Vascular, Stent, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Optimal management, Treatment Outcome, Surgery, Female, Stents, Neurology (clinical), Cutting balloon, Radiology, In stent restenosis, business, Angioplasty, Balloon
Abstract: Background/purpose The optimal management of carotid artery in-stent restenosis is not well described. Reported here is experience with cutting balloon angioplasty in six patients with long-term follow-up. Methods A single-operator, prospective, elective, carotid artery stent registry (n = 296) was reviewed for patients who underwent retreatment for early (within 6 months) in-stent restenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Six patients were identified. All were treated with cutting balloons. Procedural outcome and long-term follow-up was collected from the registry and hospital records. Results Cutting balloon angioplasty was technically successful and uncomplicated in all six treated patients. The procedure was durable in 5/6 (range of follow-up 3–36 months, median = 24 months). Conclusions Cutting balloon angioplasty is an effective initial treatment for severe carotid in-stent restenosis.
Published: 2011

207. Einfluss des BMI auf die Effektivität der endokrinen Therapie postmenopausaler Brustkrebspatientinnen - eine Analyse der ABCSG-6- und ABCSG-6a-Studie

Author: Abcsg Gnant M, H Samonigg, Michael Seifert, H Stöger, Richard Greil, Georg Pfeiler, Christian Menzel, Christian Fesl, Raimund Jakesz, D Heck, P Dubsky, and Christian F. Singer
Subjects: Maternity and Midwifery, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Published: 2011
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208. Investigation of the properties of galactic cosmic rays with the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: J. Blümer, Claus Grupen, A. Weindl, A. Chiavassa, C. Morello, H. Schieler, J. Oehlschläger, M. Stümpert, A. Haungs, Paula Gina Isar, Markus Roth, S. Over, Frank G. Schröder, J. Engler, F. Di Pierro, J.C. Arteaga, D. Fuhrmann, B. Mitrica, G.C. Trinchero, G. Toma, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, D. Kickelbick, J. Zabierowski, R. Glasstetter, F. Badea, H. Bozdog, V. de Souza, M. Finger, E. Cantoni, M. Wommer, Peter Buchholz, K. Bekk, Kai Daumiller, I.M. Brancus, T. Pierog, F. Cossavella, Jörg R. Hörandel, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, H. J. Mathes, M. Brüggemann, H.J. Mayer, K. H. Kampert, S. Ostapchenko, M. E. Bertaina, H.J. Gils, T. Huege, G. Navarra, M. Petcu, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, R. Engel, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, P. Luczak, D. Heck, H. Rebel, and H. Ulrich
Subjects: Cosmic ray spallation, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Elemental composition, Range (particle radiation), PAMELA detector, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, KASCADE, law, Energy spectrum, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation
Abstract: The properties of galactic cosmic rays are investigated with the KASCADE-Grande experiment in the energy range between $10^{14}$ and $10^{18}$ eV. Recent results are discussed. They concern mainly the all-particle energy spectrum and the elemental composition of cosmic rays., Comment: Proc. RICAP 09, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in press
Published: 2011
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209. The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: D. Melo, A. Nelles, Christopher Morris, P. Brogueira, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, D. Schuster, B. García, Mario Scuderi, R. D. Parsons, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, Tobias Winchen, R. López, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, R. F. Gamarra, R. Sato, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, B. Keilhauer, B. Sarkar, D. Maurizio, J. C. Moreno, Martin Erdmann, C. Aramo, A. Śmiałkowski, S. J. Sciutto, N. Phan, A. Horneffer, P. Petrinca, H. H. Silva Lopez, Dusan Mandat, Pham Ngoc Diep, I. Fajardo Tapia, D. Kruppke-Hansen, B. Wundheiler, E. Menichetti, C. De Donato, Gregory R Snow, J. L. Navarro, D. Allard, Jörg R. Hörandel, Heino Falcke, A. Gorgi, G. Matthiae, H. Spinka, Antonio Bueno, Sergio Pastor, Domenico Tegolo, M. Ludwig, T. Bäcker, B. Revenu, M. I. Micheletti, J. Stasielak, S. Coutu, M. Nyklicek, J. Vicha, G. Wieczorek, Roger W Clay, Balázs Kégl, M. Videla, J. C. Diaz, G. Golup, N. Kunka, D. Nosek, T. Yamamoto, M. A. Muller, L. del Peral, O. Ravel, V. H. Ponce, L. Perrone, Jiri Chudoba, V. Scherini, B. R. Becker, M. S. A. B. Leão, I. Lhenry-Yvon, Moritz Münchmeyer, Christopher B. Williams, A. Bellétoile, G. Decerprit, N. Palmieri, W. J. M. de Mello Junior, S. Jiraskova, A. D. Supanitsky, Hernán Asorey, M. Pontz, H. Blümer, T. Šuša, G. Tristram, Gualberto Avila, J. Oehlschläger, M. Risse, G. Navarra, J. Rodriguez Martino, C. A. Moura, S. L.C. Barroso, Ingomar Allekotte, P. Hansen, A. Chiavassa, B. Wilczyńska, B. Zamorano, Warner A. Miller, W. Docters, P. Schiffer, D. Harari, T. Schmidt, Alessandro Petrolini, A. Menshikov, G. Marsella, M. Pimenta, Ralph Engel, S. Schulte, A. E. Herve, F. Ionita, L. R. Wiencke, A. F. Barbosa, L. Nellen, C. Morello, K. D. de Vries, Matthias Balzer, J. D. Swain, Angela V. Olinto, M. Monasor, M. G. Winnick, A. Weindl, Brian Fick, C. Macolino, C. Hojvat, Jan Ebr, C. E. Fracchiolla, Subir Sarkar, A. Gascon, Dariusz Gora, K. Kotera, D. H. Koang, J. Ridky, D. D'Urso, Corinne Berat, M. Giller, J. Schovancova, T. Yapici, E. Strazzeri, A. Stutz, E. Varela, N. Griffith, A. Lemiere, M. Tueros, E. Santos, Marcos Santander, R. M. Kieckhafer, A. Insolia, M. Kleifges, D. Zavrtanik, Denise Boncioli, N. Hollon, P. Pieroni, E. Parizot, I. M. Pepe, K. Weidenhaupt, G. P. Guedes, German Ros, M. Melissas, S. J. De Jong, I. Zaw, J. Stapleton, D. Gonzalez, V. Verzi, M. Avenier, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, J. Rautenberg, R. E. Burton, Peter L. Biermann, O. Wainberg, R. M. de Almeida, Maria-Teresa Dova, M. Prouza, L. Caramete, M. Will, D. Thomas, P. Abreu, Martina Bohacova, P. Allison, C. Meurer, A. Tapia, K. Louedec, Mariangela Settimo, J. Sorokin, A. Tonachini, Alexey Yushkov, L. Nožka, Paolo Privitera, H.O. Klages, Y. Guardincerri, H. Gemmeke, L. Winders, Fabian Schmidt, W. C. Brown, E. Petermann, A. Aminaei, M. Blanco, Kai Daumiller, M. Grigat, P. Lebrun, J. K. Kulbartz, D. Ravignani, M. Unger, J. Pȩkala, W. Tkaczyk, J. F. Valdés Galicia, K. H. Becker, Luis A. Anchordoqui, S. Grebe, A. Shadkam, J. R. T. de Mello Neto, C. Timmermans, H. Wahlberg, M. Ortiz, R. Conceião, G. Salina, D. Nitz, D. García Gámez, Olivier Deligny, E. M. Santos, N. T. Thao, L. Valore, G. Yuan, G. Parente, I. De Mitri, Piotr Homola, P. Facal San Luis, Bruce R. Dawson, Ernesto Arganda, R. Squartini, J. Allen, Rémi Bardenet, S. Mićanović, B. M. Baughman, Miroslav Pech, B. Tome, K. B. Barber, M. Weber, M. Gold, Petr Travnicek, A. F. Grillo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, T. Pierog, H. Rivera, Paul Sommers, T. Paul, P.O. Mazur, E. Grashorn, S. Riggi, A. P. Ferguson, T. Antičić, M. Platino, A. Chou, G. Müller, P. Gouffon, R. Gaior, S. Navas, A. Anzalone, Azadeh Keivani, Philipp Mertsch, P. N. Dong, M. J. Cooper, A. Italiano, M. Palatka, P. W. Younk, M. L. Díaz Castro, G. Farrar, U. Fröhlich, O. Krömer, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira, R. Tcaciuc, U. Cotti, J. D. Hague, F. Sánchez, M. Ambrosio, M. De Domenico, P. L. Ghia, Osvaldo Catalano, J. Kleinfeller, R. A. Vázquez, S. H. Cheng, C. E. Santo, J. C. Marin, J. Petrovic, Francisco J. Blanco, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, C. G. Tavera Ruiz, Rossella Caruso, Pietro Oliva, F. Montanet, J. C. dos Anjos, P. A. Kasper, A. Filipčič, A. G. Mariazzi, C. Robledo, P. Karhan, Jose Chinellato, F. Suarez, F. Gomez Albarracin, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R. Pelayo, A. Lucero, Sergio Dasso, M. Tartare, G. La Rosa, J. W. Cronin, A. Creusot, H. R. Marquez Falcon, J. A.J. Matthews, Xavier Bertou, Maria Rita Coluccia, G. Medina-Tanco, S. Petrera, Iván Sidelnik, B. Gookin, P. Lautridou, S. Dagoret-Campagne, P. Gonalves, D. Garcia-Pinto, N. Scharf, S. Querchfeld, J. L. Kelley, A. Cordier, S. Maldera, A. Zepeda, H. Cook, V. Pirronello, E. D. Fraenkel, D. K. Tiwari, L. Niemietz, S. Westerhoff, J. G. Gonzalez, Pedro Assis, Markus Roth, A. Etchegoyen, K. Kadija, V. C. Holmes, S. Mueller, G. Cataldi, J. Chauvin, D. Lebrun, D. B. Tridapalli, A. Segreto, M. S. Sutherland, I. Dutan, C. Jarne, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, A. Letessier-Selvon, Javier Tiffenberg, J. Roberts, Nataliia Borodai, J. Lozano Bahilo, Segev BenZvi, D. Warner, R. Dallier, C. Lachaud, K. Link, A. Criss, Lorenzo Cazon, D. Heck, J. R. Vázquez, C. J. Todero Peixoto, R. Pesce, Corbin Covault, F. Kuehn, S. Mollerach, E. Roulet, Radomir Smida, H. Schoorlemmer, A. Dorofeev, Guenter Sigl, R. Bruijn, L. Villaseñor, Miroslav Hrabovský, L. Martin, J. Rosado, Lino Miramonti, A. Haungs, H. J. Mathes, J. L. Harton, G. De La Vega, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, M. Ave, E. Trovato, J. Rodriguez Rojo, N. Krohm, M. Gómez Berisso, R. Cester, M. Szuba, R. C. Shellard, B. J. Whelan, F.G. Schröder, Enrique Zas, C. Di Giulio, A.M. van den Berg, Fernando Contreras, C. Rühle, Miguel Mostafá, V. de Souza, F. Salamida, M. Wommer, Darko Veberič, H. Wilczyński, P. Billoir, I. Rodriguez-Cabo, P. Mantsch, Z. Szadkowski, T. Rossler, H. Schieler, R. Ulrich, S. R. Gozzini, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, R. Bonino, Y. Petrov, V. Marin, Sofia Andringa, B. Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, Carola Dobrigkeit, I. Valiño, P. Wahrlich, Alan Watson, J. Alvarez Castillo, F. Sarazin, J. Knapp, A. Lopez Agüera, F. Guarino, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, H. Glass, Marco Aglietta, E. J. Ahn, J. Bäuml, B. Vargas Cárdenas, Maria Concetta Maccarone, T. Suomijärvi, J. Pallotta, E. J. Quel, Béatrice Fuchs, Niraj Dhital, A. Filevich, P. T. Nhung, A. Ferrero, I. C. Mariş, S. Fliescher, P. Ristori, V. M. Olmos-Gilbaja, A. Curutiu, A. C. Fauth, M. Stephan, H. Lyberis, Carla Bonifazi, O. Tacu, Jose A. Bellido, M. Zavrtanik, N. Nierstenhoefer, B. Morales, U. Giaccari, Petr Schovanek, R. Mussa, J. J. Beatty, J. Coppens, H. Dembinski, N. Fazzini, T. Hebbeker, Julien Aublin, K. Gesterling, S. Gambetta, R. Piegaia, E. Kemp, A. Tamashiro, D. Monnier Ragaigne, S. Harmsma, C. Pfendner, A. Schmidt, H. Martinez, N. Pacheco, G. Rodriguez, M. Urban, A. C. Rovero, A. Guzman, C. Bleve, Vincenzo Rizi, D. Martello, M. Ziolkowski, O. Martínez Bravo, T. Huege, A. Parra, E. Moreno, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIERRE AUGER, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Guarino, Fausto, M., Ambrosio, Aramo, Carla, D'Urso, Domenico, Valore, Laura, Yushkov, Alexey, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E., Albuquerque, I., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K., Barbosa, A., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J., Becker, B., Becker, K., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R., Caballero-Mora, K., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R., Coluccia, M., Conceião, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B., De Almeida, R., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., De Jong, S., De La Vega, G., De Mello Junior, W., De Mello Neto, J., De Mitri, I., De Souza, V., De Vries, K., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J., Díaz Castro, M., Diep, P., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J., Dong, P., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J., Dova, M., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Fajardo Tapia, I., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C., Fraenkel, E., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G., Guzman, A., Hague, J., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Kadija, K., Kampert, K., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I., Marquez Falcon, H., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C., Mueller, S., Muller, M., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Nhung, P., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Silva Lopez, H., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tacu, O., Tavera Ruiz, C., Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Van Den Berg, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J., Vázquez, R., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Anticic, T., Backer, T., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Barroso, S. L. C., Bauml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Belletoile, A., Bellido, J. A., Biermann, P. L., Blumer, H., Bohacova, M., Brown, W. C., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cheng, S. H., Chinellato, J. A., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceiao, R., Cooper, M. J., Covault, C. E., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Junior, W. J. M., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Vries, K. D., Diaz, J. C., Diaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dos Anjos, J. C., Dova, M. T., Escobar, C. O., Fauth, A. C., Ferguson, A. P., Filipcic, A., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Frohlich, U., Gamarra, R. F., Garcia, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Ghia, P. L., Gold, M. S., Gomez Berisso, M., Gonzalez, J. G., Gora, D., Gozzini, S. R., Grillo, A. F., Guedes, G. P., Hague, J. D., Harton, J. L., Herve, A. E., Holmes, V. C., Horandel, J. R., Hrabovsky, M., Kampert, K. H., Kegl, B., Kelley, J. L., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Koang, D. -H., Kromer, O., Kulbartz, J. K., Leao, M. S. A. B., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Lopez, R., Lopez Aguera, A., Maccarone, M. C., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Marquez Falcon, H. R., Martinez Bravo, O., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J. A. J., Mazur, P. O., Micanovic, S., Micheletti, M. I., Moreno, J. C., Mostafa, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Muller, G., Munchmeyer, M., Navarro, J. L., Nhung, P. T., Nozka, L., Oehlschlager, J., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Parsons, R. D., Pekala, J., Pepe, I. M., Ponce, V. H., Quel, E. J., Rodriguez-Frias, M. D., Rouille-D'Orfeuil, B., Rovero, A. C., Ruhle, C., Sanchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E. M., Schovanek, P., Schroder, F., Sciutto, S. J., Shellard, R. C., Silva Lopez, H. H., Smialkowski, A., Smida, R., Snow, G. R., Suomijarvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Susa, T., Sutherland, M. S., Tavera Ruiz, C. G., Thao, N. T., Tiwari, D. K., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tome, B., Tridapalli, D. B., Valdes Galicia, J. F., Valino, I., Van Den Berg, A. M., Vargas Cardenas, B., Vazquez, J. R., Vazquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Villasenor, L., Watson, A. A., Whelan, B. J., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., and Winnick, M. G.
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Ray, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, Trigger performance, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, Extensive air showers, Surface detector, Hybrid detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Ciencias Exactas, Zenith, Cherenkov radiation, Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Extensive Air Showers, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, RAIOS CÓSMICOS
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an Extensive Air Shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5 km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 1017 and 1019 eV and zenith angles up to 65. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations., Este documento tiene una corrección (ver documento relacionado)., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2011
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210. Measurement of radio emission from extensive air showers with LOPES

Author: H. J. Mathes, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, A. Nigl, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, E. Cantoni, T. Asch, F. Cossavella, W. D. Apel, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, Jörg R. Hörandel, D. Heck, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, T. Pierog, A. Schmidt, H. Rebel, C. Morello, M. Ludwig, Alexandra Saftoiu, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, Moses Ender, Claus Grupen, Peter L. Biermann, S.J. Lafebre, Paula Gina Isar, D. Kang, O. Krömer, A. Chiavassa, M. Petcu, J. Rautenberg, D. Kickelbick, R. Engel, V. de Souza, G.C. Trinchero, M. Finger, H. Ulrich, R. Glasstetter, H. Gemmeke, T. Huege, P. Luczak, S. Over, M. Wommer, K. Bekk, M. Brüggemann, F. Di Pierro, M. Melissas, N. Palmieri, J. Oehlschläger, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, L. Bähren, Markus Roth, G. Navarra, Kai Daumiller, F. Badea, K. Link, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, Stijn Buitink, J. Blümer, H.J. Mayer, M. E. Bertaina, Frank G. Schröder, J.C. Arteaga, G. Toma, J. A. Zensus, A. Horneffer, K. H. Kampert, P. Doll, K. Singh, and H. Schieler
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Aetiology, screening and detection [ONCOL 5], Shower, Air shower, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Angle of incidence (optics), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Antenna (radio), business, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation, Radio wave
Abstract: A new method is explored to detect extensive air showers: the measurement of radio waves emitted during the propagation of the electromagnetic shower component in the magnetic field of the Earth. Recent results of the pioneering experiment LOPES are discussed. It registers radio signals in the frequency range between 40 and 80 MHz. The intensity of the measured radio emission is investigated as a function of different shower parameters, such as shower energy, angle of incidence, and distance to shower axis. In addition, new antenna types are developed in the framework of LOPES-Star and new methods are explored to realize a radio self-trigger algorithm in real time., Proc. RICAP 09, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in press
Published: 2011
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211. Primary energy reconstruction from the charged particle densities recorded at 500 m distance from shower core with the KASCADE-Grande detector

Author: G. Toma, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brâncuş, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, M. Melissas, J. Milke, B. Mitrică, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, O. Sima, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Plane (geometry), Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Observable, Charged particle, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Primary (astronomy), GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract: Previous EAS investigations have shown that for a fixed primary energy the charged particle density becomes independent of the primary mass at certain (fixed) distances from the shower axis. This feature can be used as an estima- tor for the primary energy. We present results on the recon- struction of the primary energy spectrum of cosmic rays from the experimentally recorded S(500) observable (the density of charged particles at a distance of 500 m to the shower core as measured in a plane normal to the shower axis) using the KASCADE-Grande detector array. The KASCADE-Grande experiment is hosted by the Karlsruhe Institute for Technol- ogy - Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany, 110 m a.s.l. and
Published: 2011

212. Evidence for Genetic Basis of Seasonal Differences in Antibody Formation Between Two Mouse Strains

Author: Robert B. Sothern, T. Vollmuth, J. D. Heck, Helen V. Ratajczak, and Peter T. Thomas
Subjects: Periodicity, Erythrocytes, Physiology, Mice, Inbred Strains, Spleen, Andrology, Mice, Immune system, Species Specificity, Physiology (medical), Genotype, medicine, Animals, Analysis of Variance, Sheep, End point, biology, Cosinor analysis, Temperature, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antibody Formation, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Seasons, Analysis of variance, Antibody, Antibody formation
Abstract: In order to confirm the presence of an acrophase difference based upon genotype in the seasonal expression of an immune competence end point, splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), female B6C3F1 and CD1 mice were concurrently studied for PFC response during two studies performed in each season for 1 year. Mice were multiply housed, fed ad libitum, and standardized to light (06:00-18:00); dark (18:00-06:00). For each strain and study, subgroups were either naive (n = 10), received a vehicle (n = 10) or Cytoxan (n = 5). Challenge with SRBC occurred in early afternoon 4 days before harvesting of spleens and PFC assay. All other procedures were performed early in the daily light span. Analysis of variance and single cosinor analysis revealed a significant seasonal time effect for PFC in naive mice of both strains. Antibody formation was greatest in spring for CD1 mice and in summer for the B6C3F1 mice. These acrophases were consistent with earlier results for both strains and show the phenomena to be reproducible and genetically based.
Published: 1993
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213. The LOPES experiment - recent results, status and perspectives

Author: H. J. Mathes, G.C. Trinchero, F.G. Schröder, C. Morello, Kai Daumiller, J. Rautenberg, Peter L. Biermann, C. Rühle, Alexandra Saftoiu, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, J. Wochele, Markus Roth, Octavian Sima, M. Finger, T. Pierog, M. Ludwig, D. Heck, S. Nehls, M. Wommer, Jörg R. Hörandel, H. Gemmeke, Heino Falcke, J. Blümer, V. de Souza, Claus Grupen, A. Chiavassa, D. Kang, T. Asch, D. Huber, N. Palmieri, L. Bähren, J.C. Arteaga, O. Krömer, P. Luczak, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, K. Bekk, Tim Huege, S.J. Lafebre, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, A. Schmidt, E. Cantoni, Ralph Engel, W. D. Apel, G. Toma, A. Horneffer, P. Doll, P.G. Isar, J. A. Zensus, H. Rebel, M. Melissas, H. Schieler, Karl-Heinz Kampert, K. Link, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, Stijn Buitink, J. Oehlschläger, and M. E. Bertaina
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Polarization (waves), Coincidence, Computational physics, Interferometry, Air shower, Earth's magnetic field, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation
Abstract: The LOPES experiment at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology has been taking radio data in the frequency range from 40 to 80 MHz in coincidence with the KASCADE-Grande air shower detector since 2003. Various experimental configurations have been employed to study aspects such as the energy scaling, geomagnetic dependence, lateral distribution, and polarization of the radio emission from cosmic rays. The high quality per-event air shower information provided by KASCADE-Grande has been the key to many of these studies and has even allowed us to perform detailed per-event comparisons with simulations of the radio emission. In this article, we give an overview of results obtained by LOPES, and present the status and perspectives of the ever-evolving experiment., Proceedings of the ARENA2010 conference, Nantes, France
Published: 2010

214. ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

Author: Steven D. Heck, Charles E. Nolan, Dane R. Liston, Robert B. Nelson, John A. Lowe, Weimin Qian, Karen M. Ward, Stevin H. Zorn, Robert A. Volkmann, and Jolanta Nowakowski
Subjects: Biochemistry, Chemistry, General Medicine, Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase
Published: 2010
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215. Measuring the radio emission of cosmic ray air showers with LOPES

Author: Claus Grupen, T. Pierog, A. Nigl, G.C. Trinchero, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, L. Bähren, J. Blümer, N. Palmieri, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Wommer, O. Krömer, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, M. Brüggemann, Peter L. Biermann, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, A. Haungs, K. Bekk, Tim Huege, D. Heck, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. Zabierowski, Markus Roth, M. Finger, M. Ludwig, H. Bozdog, J.C. Arteaga, F. Badea, A. Chiavassa, M. Petcu, P. Doll, R. Glasstetter, D. Kickelbick, J. A. Zensus, Stijn Buitink, Peter Buchholz, M. Melissas, H.J. Mayer, V. de Souza, A. Horneffer, I.M. Brancus, P.G. Isar, J. Oehlschläger, B. Mitrica, P. Luczak, H. Rebel, K. Singh, Heino Falcke, Alexandra Saftoiu, H. J. Mathes, M. E. Bertaina, J. Rautenberg, D. Kang, S. Over, H. Gemmeke, D. Fuhrmann, E. Cantoni, H. Schieler, F. Cossavella, Karl-Heinz Kampert, G. Toma, F.G. Schröder, S.J. Lafebre, H. Ulrich, A. Schmidt, T. Asch, Ralph Engel, W. D. Apel, G. Navarra, and Kai Daumiller
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Charged particle, law.invention, Antenna array, Optics, Air shower, law, Dipole antenna, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Antenna (radio), business, Instrumentation
Abstract: When ultra high energy cosmic rays hit the atmosphere, they produce a shower of millions of secondary particles. Thereby the charged particles in the shower emit a radio pulse whilst deflected in the Earth's magnetic field. LOPES is a digital antenna array measuring these radio pulses in the frequency range from 40 to 80 MHz. It is located at the site of and triggered by the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. In its present configuration, it consists of 15 east–west-polarized and 15 north–south-polarized, absolutely calibrated short dipole antennas, as well as 10 LPDAs (with two channels each). Furthermore, it serves as a test bench for technological developments, like new antenna types or a radio-based self-triggering ( LOPES STAR ). To achieve a good angular reconstruction and to digitally form a beam into the arrival direction of the shower, it has a precise time calibration.
Published: 2010

216. The KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author: J Blümer, W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, A Chiavassa, E Cantoni, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, A Morales, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, and The KASCADE-Grande Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, History, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Air shower, Rigidity (electromagnetism), Data acquisition, KASCADE, Scintillation counter, Energy spectrum, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Instrumentation
Abstract: The KASCADE-Grande experiment measures extensive air showers induced by primary cosmic rays in the energy range 1014 – 1018 eV. The major motivation for KASCADE-Grande is the investigation of the so called ”knee” in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays and its presumed rigidity dependence. A short overview of the experimental setup with focus on the Grande array and its new data acquisition system is given. As an example of analysis the reconstruction of the total muon number is presented.
Published: 2010

217. Restoring The Azimuthal Symmetry Of Charged Particle Lateral Density In The Range Of KASCADE-Grande

Author: O. Sima, H. Rebel, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, K. Link, P. Łuczak, M. Ludwig, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, M. Melissas, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, N. Palmieri, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. G. Schröder, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, J. Zabierowski, Livius Trache, Alexei Smirnov, and Sabin Stoica
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, Range (particle radiation), Air shower, KASCADE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Plane (geometry), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Observable, Charged particle, Symmetry (physics)
Abstract: KASCADE‐Grande, an extension of the former KASCADE experiment, is a multi‐component Extensive Air Shower (EAS) experiment located in Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Campus North), Germany. An important observable for analyzing the EAS is the lateral density of charged particles in the intrinsic shower plane. This observable is deduced from the basic information provided by the Grande scintillators—the energy deposit—first in the observation plane, by using a Lateral Energy Correction Function (LECF), then in the intrinsic shower plane, by applying an adequate mapping procedure. In both steps azimuthal.
Published: 2010
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218. Modulation of effects of lipopolysaccharide on macrophages by a major outer membrane protein of Proteus mirabilis as measured in a chemiluminescence assay

Author: D Heck, G Weber, R R Bartlett, and K Nixdorff
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, Lipopolysaccharide, Immunology, Microbiology, Immunoglobulin G, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Animals, Macrophage, Bovine serum albumin, Proteus mirabilis, Cells, Cultured, biology, Macrophages, Macrophage Activation, biology.organism_classification, Isotype, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Luminescent Measurements, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Parasitology, Bacterial outer membrane, Research Article, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract: Our previous studies have shown that a major protein isolated from purified cell walls of Proteus mirabilis (39-kDa protein) is a strong modulator of the specific immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from this bacterium. When the protein is mixed with LPS before immunization of mice, the responses of antibody-producing cells specific for LPS are greatly enhanced and converted predominantly to the immunoglobulin G isotype. In the present study, the immunomodulating effects of the 39-kDa protein were tested at the level of interaction of LPS with macrophages. Activation of macrophages was determined by measuring the production of oxygen radicals in a chemiluminescence assay with lucigenin as the amplifier. LPS from P. mirabilis induced strong oxidative metabolism in both peritoneal and bone marrow-derived murine macrophages. These responses were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by mixing LPS with increasing amounts of the protein. In contrast, bovine serum albumin and methylated bovine serum albumin enhanced the response of macrophages dramatically when complexed with LPS. The inhibiting activity of the 39-kDa protein was also observed with LPS from Escherichia coli K-12.
Published: 1992
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219. Shock Sensitivity of a Vinamidinium Bis-Perchlorate Reagent and Demonstration of a Lower Energy Alternative

Author: Pamela J. Clifford, Spiros Liras, Ruth E. McDermott, David J. am Ende, John A. Ragan, Steven D. Heck, Stanton J. McHardy, Brian P. Jones, and Barb E. Segelstein
Subjects: Perchlorate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Shock sensitivity, Tetrafluoroborate, Pyrimidine, Chemistry, Reagent, Organic Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Lower energy
Published: 2000
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220. Biaryl piperidines as potent and selective delta opioid receptor ligands

Author: Anne W. Schmidt, Barb E. Segelstein, Michelle Vanase-Frawley, Steven D. Heck, Stanton F. McHardy, Ernesto Callegari, Dianne K. Bryce, Spiros Liras, Martin Patrick Allen, and Stafford McLean
Subjects: Stereochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Pharmaceutical Science, Plasma protein binding, Ligands, Biochemistry, Chemical synthesis, δ-opioid receptor, Structure-Activity Relationship, Piperidines, Receptors, Opioid, delta, Drug Discovery, Structure–activity relationship, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Ligand, Receptors, Opioid, kappa, Organic Chemistry, Biological activity, Rats, Drug Design, Microsomes, Liver, Molecular Medicine, Selectivity, Protein Binding
Abstract: The design and synthesis of novel opiates are reported. Based on the message-address principle a novel class of 4,4- and 3,3-biaryl piperidines was designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation confirmed that these compounds exhibit high affinity and selectivity for the delta opioid receptor. Key structure-activity relationships that influence affinity, selectivity, functional activity and clearance are reported.
Published: 2009

221. Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with air shower data

Author: W D Apel, J C Arteaga, F Badea, K Bekk, M Bertaina, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, E Cantoni, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, V de Souza, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, J Engler, M Finger, D Fuhrmann, P L Ghia, H J Gils, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, T Huege, P G Isar, K-H Kampert, D Kang, D Kickelbick, H O Klages, Y Kolotaev, P Luczak, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, T Pierog, H Rebel, M Roth, H Schieler, F Schröder, O Sima, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, M Wommer, and J Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Air shower, KASCADE, PARTÍCULAS ELEMENTARES, Quantitative Biology::Tissues and Organs, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Interaction model, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Predictions of the hadronic interaction model EPOS~1.61 as implemented in the air shower simulation program CORSIKA are compared to observations with the KASCADE experiment. The investigations reveal that the predictions of EPOS are not compatible with KASCADE measurements. The discrepancies seen are most likely due to use of a set of inelastic hadronic cross sections that are too high., Comment: Journal of Physics G in press
Published: 2009

222. The Constant Intensity Cut Method applied to the KASCADE-Grande muon data

Author: G.C. Trinchero, P. Łuczak, Kai Daumiller, M. Finger, F. Cossavella, J. Blümer, E. Cantoni, T. Huege, G. Toma, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Paula Gina Isar, M. Stümpert, M. Brüggemann, B. Mitrica, F. Badea, G. Navarra, J. Oehlschläger, M. Petcu, H.J. Gils, H. Schieler, J.R. Hörandel, M. Wommer, T. Pierog, K. Bekk, C. Grupen, Karl-Heinz Kampert, P. Doll, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, S. Over, Peter Buchholz, R. Glasstetter, F. Di Pierro, A. Weindl, C. Morello, I.M. Brancus, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, Markus Roth, Y. Kolotaev, D. Fuhrmann, J. Engler, Frank G. Schröder, H. Bozdog, H. Ulrich, J. Wochele, Octavian Sima, S. Ostapchenko, D. Heck, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, W. D. Apel, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, D. Kang, H.O. Klages, H. J. Mathes, R. Engel, H. Rebel, and Wolfgang Walkowiak
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Computational physics, Constant intensity, Air shower, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Zenith
Abstract: The constant intensity cut method is a very useful tool to reconstruct the cosmic ray energy spectrum in order to combine or compare extensive air shower data measured for different attenuation depths independently of the MC model. In this contribution the method is used to explore the muon data of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. In particular, with this technique, the measured muon number spectra for different zenith angle ranges are compared and summed up to obtain a single muon spectrum for the measured showers. Preliminary results are presented, along with estimations of the systematic uncertainties associated with the analysis technique.
Published: 2009

223. New method to measure the attenuation of hadrons in extensive air showers

Author: W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, F. Badea, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, M. Finger, D. Fuhrmann, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, D. Hildebrand, J. R. Hörandel, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kang, D. Kickelbick, H. O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, P. Łuczak, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, H. Rebel, M. Roth, H. Schieler, F. Schröder, O. Sima, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, M. Wommer, and J. Zabierowski
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Attenuation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Attenuation length, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ENERGIA, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: Extensive air showers are generated through interactions of high-energy cosmic rays impinging the Earth's atmosphere. A new method is described to infer the attenuation of hadrons in air showers. The numbers of electrons and muons, registered with the scintillator array of the KASCADE experiment are used to estimate the energy of the shower inducing primary particle. A large hadron calorimeter is used to measure the hadronic energy reaching observation level. The ratio of energy reaching ground level to the energy of the primary particle is used to derive an attenuation length of hadrons in air showers. In the energy range from $10^6$ GeV to $3\cdot10^7$ GeV the attenuation length obtained increases from 170 \gcm2 to 210 \gcm2. The experimental results are compared to predictions of simulations based on contemporary high energy interaction models., Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Published: 2009

224. Calcification of aortic wall in cholesterol-fed rabbits

Author: D. Heck, A. Strzałowski, Tadeusz Cichocki, Jarczyk L, and E. Rokitaz
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Arteriosclerosis, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Calcium, Mineralization (biology), Cholesterol, Dietary, Blood serum, Dystrophic calcification, X-Ray Diffraction, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Aorta, Calcium metabolism, Calcinosis, Phosphorus, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Lipids, Atheroma, Endocrinology, chemistry, Alkaline phosphatase, Rabbits, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Blood Chemical Analysis, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Calcification
Abstract: Development of the mineralization process in the course of atherogenesis was studied using the cholesterol-fed rabbit model. The aorta samples were investigated by means of proton and electron microprobes, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction as well as selected histochemical staining. Blood serum was analysed every 2 weeks to determine the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, inorganic phosphorus, ionized calcium, elemental composition as well as activity of alkaline phosphatase. It was found that the administered diet did not disturb the calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Histochemical findings confirmed the formation of lipid-rich lesions blocking the lumen of the vessel. The dystrophic calcification was observed only in the atheroma, while in the tunica media a slight mineralization similar to that found in controls was observed after 210 days of the diet. In the atheroma the only phase detected was a defective hydroxyapatite. The perfection of the crystals, as well as the diameter of the deposits, increased during the course of the diet reaching about 2 μm after 210 days. The crystals were not contaminated with carbonate groups regardless of the duration of the diet.
Published: 1991
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225. The yeast RNA polymerase I promoter: ribosomal DNA sequences involved in transcription initiation and complex formation inin vitro

Author: D L Riggs, J D Heck, M Nomura, R J Planta, and T Kulkens
Subjects: Base Sequence, Transcription, Genetic, biology, General transcription factor, Macromolecular Substances, Genes, Fungal, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA polymerase II, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA, Ribosomal, Molecular biology, RNA Polymerase I, Mutation, Transcription preinitiation complex, Escherichia coli, Genetics, biology.protein, Transcription factor II F, Transcription factor II E, Transcription factor II D, DNA, Fungal, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Transcription factor II B, Transcription factor II A
Abstract: Using an in vitro transcription system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase I, we have analyzed Pol I promoter deletion mutants and mapped the boundaries of the promoter between positions -155 and +27. The 5'-boundary of the minimal core promoter capable of transcription initiation, however, was found to lie between -38 and -26. The 3'-deletion extending to -2 and -5 still allowed some transcription, suggesting that the positioning of Pol I is directed by upstream sequences. The results of in vitro analysis of linker scanning mutants (LSMs) combined with the deletion analysis showed that the promoter consists of three domains: two essential core domains (I: -28 to +8 and II: -76 to -51) and a transcription modulating upstream domain (III: -146 to -91). These results are in general agreement with those obtained in vivo (1). Using a template competition assay we also analyzed these mutant promoters for their ability to form a stable preinitiation complex. We found that the ability of 5'-deletion mutants to sequester an essential factor(s) correlates with their transcriptional activity. In contrast, several 3'-deletions and some LSMs in domain I and II decrease transcription activity greatly without significantly decreasing competition ability. The results indicate that the stimulatory function of domain III is achieved through its interaction with an essential transcription factor(s), although the other domains also participate in this interaction, perhaps directly or through another protein factor.
Published: 1991
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226. Interaction Between Point Defects and Oxygen in Silicon

Author: JR Monkowski, RE Tressler, D Heck, D Kenney, and TA Baginski
Subjects: Oxygen precipitation, Materials science, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Silicon, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystallographic defect, Oxygen
Published: 2008
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227. Energy Spectra of Elemental Groups of Cosmic Rays: Update on the KASCADE Unfolding Analysis

Author: G. Toma, P. Doll, B. Mitrica, M. Finger, M. Wommer, H. Rebel, J. van Buren, Y. Kolotaev, M. Brüggemann, J. Zabierowski, Ralph Engel, F. Cossavella, G. Schatz, M. Petcu, H. Bozdog, S. Ostapchenko, Paula Gina Isar, D. Kang, Andreas Haungs, Markus Roth, Peter Buchholz, H.O. Klages, H. Ulrich, J. Engler, P. Łuczak, I.M. Brancus, A.F. Badea, J. Milke, J. Wochele, H.J. Gils, Octavian Sima, H. J. Mathes, Wolfgang Walkowiak, Jörg R. Hörandel, R. Glasstetter, D. Heck, H.J. Mayer, H. Schieler, Tim Huege, S. Over, Karl-Heinz Kampert, D. Fuhrmann, Kai Daumiller, Frank G. Schröder, J.C. Arteaga, M. Stümpert, J. Oehlschläger, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, A. Weindl, W. D. Apel, Claus Grupen, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, T. Pierog, and S. Nehls
Subjects: Physics, Range (particle radiation), Astronomy, Hadron, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Interaction model, Astrophysics, ENERGIA, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Energy (signal processing), Zenith
Abstract: The KASCADE experiment measures extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays in the energy range around the so-called knee. The data of KASCADE have been used in a composition analysis showing the knee at 3-5 PeV to be caused by a steepening in the light-element spectra. Since the applied unfolding analysis depends crucially on simulations of air showers, different high energy hadronic interaction models (QGSJet and SIBYLL) were used. The results have shown a strong dependence of the relative abundance of the individual mass groups on the underlying model. In this update of the analysis we apply the unfolding method with a different low energy interaction model (FLUKA instead of GHEISHA) in the simulations. While the resulting individual mass group spectra do not change significantly, the overall description of the measured data improves by using the FLUKA model. In addition data in a larger range of zenith angle are analysed. The new results are completely consistent, i.e. there is no hint to any severe problem in applying the unfolding analysis method to KASCADE data., accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2008

228. Detecting radio pulses from air showers

Author: J. Wochele, Alexandra Saftoiu, Octavian Sima, Jörg R. Hörandel, D. Heck, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, R. Glasstetter, A. Chiavassa, Stijn Buitink, H.J. Mayer, E. Cantoni, J. Rautenberg, Y. Kolotaev, H. Bozdog, F. Di Pierro, Markus Roth, J. Blümer, M. Stümpert, C. Morello, A. Haungs, Peter L. Biermann, H. Ulrich, F. Badea, J. Zabierowski, F. Cossavella, G.C. Trinchero, O. Krömer, M. Finger, Paula Gina Isar, A. Nigl, K. H. Kampert, J. A. Zensus, Wolfgang Walkowiak, M. Wommer, M. Brüggemann, Tim Huege, M. E. Bertaina, K. Singh, J. Milke, L. Bähren, G. Toma, J.C. Arteaga, A. Schmidt, H. Gemmeke, H. Schieler, A. Horneffer, T. Asch, W. D. Apel, R. Engel, P. Doll, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, H. Rebel, P. Luczak, J. Oehlschläger, Claus Grupen, J. Auffenberg, Peter Buchholz, D. Kang, I.M. Brancus, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, H. J. Mathes, F.G. Schröder, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, K. Bekk, S.J. Lafebre, G. Navarra, and Kai Daumiller
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Ground level, Atmospheric measurements, Air shower, Fluorescent light, Cascade, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Optical observation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract: Cosmic rays are energetic particles from outside the earth’s atmosphere. When a high energy cosmic ray hits the atmosphere it triggers a cascade of secondary particles produced in nuclear interactions, an air shower. Up to now the established methods of measuring air showers are detection of the particles that reach the ground level or optical observation of the Cherenkov or fluorescent light.
Published: 2008
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229. Cosmic Ray Air Shower Detection with LOPES

Author: J. Rautenberg, M. E. Bertaina, A. Hakenjos, J. Milke, Y. Kolotaev, W. D. Apel, K. H. Kampert, Markus Roth, A. Haungs, A. Horneffer, F. Di Pierro, Peter Buchholz, G.C. Trinchero, J. Blümer, I.M. Brancus, H. Ulrich, J. Zabierowski, C. Morello, O. Krömer, A. Nigl, R. Engel, P. Doll, Peter L. Biermann, Wolfgang Walkowiak, A.F. Badea, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, T. Asch, S. Nehls, J. Petrovic, M. Brüggemann, J. Wochele, P. Luczak, Octavian Sima, Stijn Buitink, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, S.J. Lafebre, K. Singh, H.J. Mayer, J. A. Zensus, A. Chiavassa, S. Over, D. Heck, H. Gemmeke, Paula Gina Isar, A. Weindl, Jan Kuijpers, M. Stümpert, H. Rebel, Harvey Butcher, H. Bozdog, M. Petcu, C. Meurer, H. Schieler, J.R. Hörandel, Claus Grupen, L. Bähren, D. Zimmermann, J.C. Arteaga, G. Toma, H. J. Mathes, R. Glasstetter, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, K. Bekk, S. Plewnia, F. Cossavella, Kai Daumiller, T. Huege, G. Navarra, and J. van Buren
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Shower, Air shower, LOPES, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Absolute calibration
Abstract: LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to investigate radio pulses from extensive air showers experimentally and theoretically. Data taken during half a year of operation of 10 LOPES antennas (LOPES-10), triggered by EAS observed with KASCADE-Grande have been analysed. We report about the results of correlations with shower parameters present in the radio signals measured by LOPES-10. The extended setup LOPES-30 consists of 30 antennas which have an absolute calibration and the data of which will be compared with expectations from detailed Monte-Carlo simulations. In addition, LOPES operates antennas of a different type (LOPES STAR ) which are optimized for an application at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Published: 2008

230. Investigations of Muons in EAS with KASCADE-Grande

Author: Wolfgang Walkowiak, H. J. Mathes, Alexandru Bercuci, J. C. Arteaga, H. Rebel, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, A. Risse, K. Bekk, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, A.F. Badea, S. Ostapchenko, C. Grupen, R. Obenland, P. Luczak, J. Oehlschläger, Kai Daumiller, H.J. Mayer, M. Stümpert, Octavian Sima, Andrea Chiavassa, R. Engel, H. Schieler, Markus Roth, H. Ulrich, Paula Gina Isar, T. Huege, J. Engler, A. Weindl, J. Blümer, A. Haungs, B. Mitrica, P. Doll, H.J. Gils, M. Petcu, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Plewnia, G. Toma, C. Meurer, M. Brüggemann, J.R. Hörandel, D. Heck, Peter Buchholz, D. Zimmermann, I.M. Brancus, R. Glasstetter, G.C. Trinchero, M. E. Bertaina, T. Pierog, W. D. Apel, J. Milke, G. Navarra, K. H. Kampert, F. Cossavella, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, J. van Buren, H. Bozdog, and S. Over
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Hadron, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Observable, Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Shower, KASCADE, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is a multi detector setup for the investigation of extensive air showers in the primary energy range of the knee including energies around the so-called second knee. With the data of the 700 ⋅ 700 m2 large Grande array shower core position, shower direction, and the total number of electrons are reconstructed for events with primary energy above 10 16.5 eV . In addition, the experiment consists of different detector setups for measuring muons at various energy thresholds between 230 MeV and 2.4 GeV. These informations are used to estimate the muon shower size as well as observables sensitive to differences of hadronic interaction models embedded in shower simulation codes. We report the goals and the status of the different muon measurements at KASCADE-Grande.
Published: 2008

231. Applying Shower Development Universality to KASCADE Data

Author: I. Lebedev, E. G. Boos, H. Bozdog, Kai Daumiller, H. Rebel, Markus Roth, A.F. Badea, G. Schatz, H. J. Mathes, Jörg R. Hörandel, J. Engler, K. Bekk, J. Blümer, H.O. Klages, A. Weindl, J. van Buren, J. Oehlschläger, R. Engel, R. Glasstetter, I.M. Brancus, M. Petcu, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, H.J. Mayer, J. Wochele, H. Schieler, D. Heck, Karl-Heinz Kampert, J. Zabierowski, Andreas Haungs, J. Milke, H.J. Gils, S. Ostapchenko, and H. Ulrich
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Astrophysics, Universality (dynamical systems), Nuclear physics, Shower, Correlation curve, Air shower, KASCADE, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: On basis of the theorem of a universal shower development stating that a hadronically generated extensive air shower is completely described by the primary energy, the position of the shower maximum and a parameter related to the total muon number, the so-called correlation curve method is developed and applied to KASCADE data. Correlation information of the muon and electron content of showers measured by the KASCADE experiment are used for the reconstruction of energy and mass of primary cosmic rays. Systematic uncertainties of the method and the results are discussed in detail. It is shown that by this method general tendencies in spectrum and composition indeed can be revealed, but the absolute normalization in energy and mass scale requires much more detailed simulations., Comment: article accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2008
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232. Frequency spectra of cosmic ray air shower radio emission measured with LOPES

Author: A. Nigl, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, H. Butcher, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, M. Manewald, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, C. Meurer, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Frequency band, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, LOFAR, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Spectral line, Air shower, KASCADE, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral slope
Abstract: AIMS: We wish to study the spectral dependence of the radio emission from cosmic-ray air showers around 100 PeV (1017 eV). METHODS: We observe short radio pulses in a broad frequency band with the dipole-interferometer LOPES (LOFAR Prototype Station), which is triggered by a particle detector array named Karlsruhe Shower Core and Array Detector (KASCADE). LOFAR is the Low Frequency Array. For this analysis, 23 strong air shower events are selected using parameters from KASCADE. RESULTS: The resulting electric field spectra fall off to higher frequencies. An average electric field spectrum is fitted with an exponential, or alternatively, with a power law. The spectral slope obtained is not consistent within uncertainties and it is slightly steeper than the slope obtained from Monte Carlo simulations based on air showers simulated with CORSIKA (Cosmic Ray Simulations for KASCADE). One of the strongest events was measured during thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of LOPES and shows the longest pulse length measured of 110 ns and a spectral slope of -3.6. CONCLUSIONS: We show with two different methods that frequency spectra from air shower radio emission can be reconstructed on event-by-event basis, with only two dozen dipole antennae simultaneously over a broad range of frequencies. According to the obtained spectral slopes, the maximum power is emitted below 40 MHz. Furthermore, the decrease in power to higher frequencies indicates a loss in coherence determined by the shower disc thickness. We conclude that a broader bandwidth, larger collecting area, and longer baselines, as will be provided by LOFAR, are necessary to further investigate the relation of the coherence, pulse length, and spectral slope of cosmic ray air showers., Comment: 13 pages, 21 figures. Nigl, A. et al. (LOPES Collaboration), Frequency spectra of cosmic ray air shower radio emission measured with LOPES, accepted by A&A on 17/06/2008
Published: 2008

233. Time structure of the EAS electron and muon components measured by the KASCADE Grande experiment

Author: B. Mitrica, H. Bozdog, R. Engel, C. Meurer, J. Oehlschläger, H. Schieler, P. Doll, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, A.F. Badea, P. Luczak, Markus Roth, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, J. Engler, Jörg R. Hörandel, K. H. Kampert, M. Finger, E. Cantoni, M. Brüggemann, Wolfgang Walkowiak, S. Over, D. Fuhrmann, R. Glasstetter, G.C. Trinchero, S. Ostapchenko, K. Bekk, H. J. Mathes, Tim Huege, Paula Gina Isar, W. D. Apel, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, H. Rebel, F. Cossavella, H.O. Klages, T. Pierog, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, M. Petcu, H.J. Mayer, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, G. Navarra, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, A. Haungs, Y. Kolotaev, J. Zabierowski, J.C. Arteaga, J. Blümer, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, J. Wochele, A. Weindl, Octavian Sima, D. Heck, Claus Grupen, Kai Daumiller, G. Toma, A. Chiavassa, and M. Stümpert
Subjects: Core (optical fiber), Physics, Nuclear physics, Muon, KASCADE, Astronomy, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Time structure, Arrival time
Abstract: Extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE–Grande experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe are studied with respect to the arrival times of electrons and muons at observation level. The mean and the spread of the arrival time distributions have been used to determine the average time profile of the electromagnetic and muonic shower disk. For core distances R > 200 m particles of the muonic shower component arrive on average earlier at observation level than particles of the electromagnetic shower component. The difference increases with the core distance from Δ 〈 t 〉 = ( 12.9 ± 0.2 ) ns at R > 200 m to Δ 〈 t 〉 = ( 47 ± 1 ) ns at R = 500 m , where the width of the muonic and electromagnetic shower disks are comparable. This difference in arrival time is used to separate the electrons and muons dependent on the distance from the shower center. This is intended to be used by experiments with time resolving detectors.
Published: 2008

234. Direction identification in radio images of cosmic-ray air showers detected with LOPES and KASCADE

Author: A. Nigl, W. D. Apel, J. C. Arteaga, T. Asch, J. Auffenberg, F. Badea, L. Bähren, K. Bekk, M. Bertaina, P. L. Biermann, J. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I. M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, P. Buchholz, S. Buitink, H. Butcher, E. Cantoni, A. Chiavassa, F. Cossavella, K. Daumiller, V. de Souza, F. Di Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, P. L. Ghia, R. Glasstetter, C. Grupen, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J. R. Hörandel, A. Horneffer, T. Huege, P. G. Isar, K.-H. Kampert, D. Kickelbick, Y. Kolotaev, O. Krömer, J. Kuijpers, S. Lafebre, P. Łuczak, M. Manewald, H. J. Mathes, H. J. Mayer, C. Meurer, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, G. Navarra, S. Nehls, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, T. Pierog, J. Rautenberg, H. Rebel, M. Roth, A. Saftoiu, H. Schieler, A. Schmidt, F. Schröder, O. Sima, K. Singh, M. Stümpert, G. Toma, G. C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, J. van Buren, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, and J. A. Zensus
Subjects: Physics, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radius, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Curvature, Particle detector, Air shower, KASCADE, Space and Planetary Science, Angular resolution
Abstract: AIMS: We want to understand the emission mechanism of radio emission from air showers to determine the origin of high-energy cosmic rays. Therefore, we study the geometry of the air shower radio emission measured with LOPES and search for systematic effects between the direction determined on the radio signal and the direction provided by the particle detector array KASCADE. METHODS: We produce 4D radio images on time-scales of nanoseconds using digital beam-forming. Each pixel of the image is calculated for three spatial dimensions and as a function of time. The third spatial dimension is obtained by calculating the beam focus for a range of curvature radii fitted to the signal wave front. We search this multi-dimensional parameter space for the direction of maximum coherence of the air shower radio signal and compare it to the direction provided by KASCADE. RESULTS: The maximum radio emission of air showers is obtained for curvature radii being larger than 3 km. We find that the direction of the emission maximum can change when optimizing the curvature radius. Furthermore, we find a tentative increase of the curvature radius to lower elevations, where the air showers pass through a larger atmospheric depth. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the angular resolution of LOPES is sufficient to determine the direction which maximizes the observed electric field amplitude. However, the statistical uncertainty of the directions is not determined by the resolution of LOPES, but by the uncertainty of the curvature radius. We do not find any systematic deviation between the directions determined from the radio signal and from the detected particles. This result places a strong supportive argument for the use of the radio technique to study the origin of high-energy cosmic rays., Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures. Nigl, A. et al. (LOPES Collaboration), Direction identification in radio images of cosmic rays detected with LOPES and KASCADE, accepted by A&A on 12/06/2008
Published: 2008

235. The Kascade project

Author: P. Gabriel, H. Rebel, D. Heck, G. Schatz, W. Heeringa, N. Heide, T. Thouw, J. Engler, H.J. Gils, H.J. Mayer, B. Zeitnitz, H.O. Klages, P. Doll, and J. Knapp
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, Mass composition, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Monte carlo code
Abstract: KASCADE is a EAS installation under construction at Karlsruhe, intended to study the cosmic ray mass composition in the energy range of 10 14 to 10 17 eV. This will be achieved by a simultaneous measurement of the electron, the muon and the hadron component. The apparatus and the Monte Carlo codes used to simulate its performance are described.
Published: 1990
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236. Radio emission in atmospheric air showers: Results of LOPES-10

Author: A Haungs, W D Apel, T Asch, F Badea, L Bähren, K Bekk, A Bercuci, M Bertaina, P L Biermann, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, S Buitink, H Butcher, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, H Falcke, H Gemmeke, P L Ghia, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Hakenjos, D Heck, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, T Huege, P G Isar, K H Kampert, Y Kolotaev, O Krömer, J Kuijpers, S Lafebre, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, S Nehls, A Nigl, R Obenland, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, J Petrovic, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, A Risse, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, K Singh, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, J A Zensus, and D Zimmermann
Subjects: Atmospheric air, Physics, History, Meteorology, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Measure (physics), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education, Shower, Air shower
Abstract: LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. Data taken during half a year of operation of 10 LOPES antennas (LOPES-10), triggered by showers observed with KASCADE-Grande have been analyzed. We report about results of correlations found of the measured radio signals by LOPES-10 with shower parameters., Comment: Proceedings of ARENA 06, June 2006, University of Northumbria, UK
Published: 2007

237. The knee of cosmic rays - news from KASCADE

Author: Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, W. D. Apel, J. Oehlschläger, J. Wochele, A.F. Badea, D. Heck, Y. Kolotaev, M. Petcu, H. Ulrich, J.R. Hörandel, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, Alexandru Bercuci, Claus Grupen, Kai Daumiller, S. Over, H. J. Mathes, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, Markus Roth, T. Huege, H.J. Mayer, Octavian Sima, Andrea Chiavassa, J. Engler, J. Blümer, R. Engel, G. Toma, F. Cossavella, H. Rebel, H. Schieler, G. Navarra, B. Mitrica, A. Weindl, M. E. Bertaina, R. Glasstetter, J. Milke, P. Luczak, C. Meurer, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, Wolfgang Walkowiak, K. H. Kampert, J. van Buren, P. Doll, H.O. Klages, K. Bekk, G. C. Trinchero, D. Kickelbick, V. de Souza, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, S. Nehls, J. C. Arteaga, M. Stümpert, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Brüggemann, M. Finger, and A. Risse
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Range (particle radiation), KASCADE, Astronomy, Energy spectrum, Cosmic ray, Composition analysis, Knee region, Astrophysics, Power law, Spectral line
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 36597.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The energy spectrum of cosmic rays, following over large energy ranges a simple power law, steepens at energies around 4 PeV. This so-called knee is believed to be an imprint of corresponding steepenings or even cut-offs in the energy spectra of single cosmic ray elements, thus implying a change of composition in the range between 1 PeV and 100 PeV. One of the sophisticated experiments aiming at detailed measurements in the knee region is the KASCADE experiment and its successor, KASCADE-Grande. In the following, existing data on the knee and their limitations are briefly discussed. Concluding, an update on the KASCADE composition analysis is presented.
Published: 2007

238. Radio Emission in Atmospheric Air Showers: First Measurements with LOPES-30

Author: P G Isar, S Nehls, W D Apel, T Asch, F Badea, L Bähren, K Bekk, A Bercuci, M Bertaina, P L Biermann, J Blümer, H Bozdog, I M Brancus, M Brüggemann, P Buchholz, S Buitink, H Butcher, A Chiavassa, F Cossavella, K Daumiller, F Di Pierro, P Doll, R Engel, H Falcke, H Gemmeke, P L Ghia, R Glasstetter, C Grupen, A Hakenjos, A Haungs, D Heck, J R Hörandel, A Horneffer, T Huege, K H Kampert, Y Kolotaev, O Krömer, J Kuijpers, S Lafebre, H J Mathes, H J Mayer, C Meurer, J Milke, B Mitrica, C Morello, G Navarra, A Nigl, R Obenland, J Oehlschläger, S Ostapchenko, S Over, M Petcu, J Petrovic, T Pierog, S Plewnia, H Rebel, A Risse, M Roth, H Schieler, O Sima, K Singh, M Stümpert, G Toma, G C Trinchero, H Ulrich, J van Buren, W Walkowiak, A Weindl, J Wochele, J Zabierowski, J A Zensus, and D Zimmermann
Subjects: Atmospheric air, Physics, History, LOPES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Atmosphere, Shower, Air shower, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Dipole antenna
Abstract: When Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays interact with particles in the Earth's atmosphere, they produce a shower of secondary particles propagating toward the ground. LOPES-30 is an absolutely calibrated array of 30 dipole antennas investigating the radio emission from these showers in detail and clarifying if the technique is useful for largescale applications. LOPES-30 is co-located and measures in coincidence with the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande. Status of LOPES-30 and first measurements are presented., Comment: Proceedings of ARENA 06, June 2006, University of Northumbria, UK
Published: 2007

239. The 〈 ln A 〉 study with the Muon tracking detector in the KASCADE-Grande experiment – comparison of hadronic interaction models

Author: D. Kang, H.O. Klages, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, G.C. Trinchero, G. Toma, H. Ulrich, Jörg R. Hörandel, M. Melissas, M. Ludwig, V. de Souza, J. Oehlschläger, Ralph Engel, D. Fuhrmann, H. Bozdog, Béatrice Fuchs, C. Curcio, S. Ostapchenko, H.J. Gils, K. H. Kampert, J. Wochele, J. Blümer, E. Cantoni, Octavian Sima, H. Rebel, D. Heck, A. Weindl, T. Pierog, H. J. Mathes, Markus Roth, A. Chiavassa, S. Schoo, R. Glasstetter, Claus Grupen, J. Engler, P. Łuczak, H. Schieler, N. Palmieri, F. Cossavella, D. Huber, F.G. Schröder, W. D. Apel, P. Doll, K. Bekk, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, T. Huege, Kai Daumiller, M. Petcu, M. E. Bertaina, B. Mitrica, J. Milke, K. Link, A. Haungs, I.M. Brancus, J. Zabierowski, and H.J. Mayer
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Meson, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, QC1-999, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Hadron, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract: With the KASCADE-Grande Muon Tracking Detector it was possible to measure with high accuracy directions of EAS muons with energy above 0.8 GeV and up to 700 m distance from the shower centre. Reconstructed muon tracks allow investigation of muon pseudorapidity (η) distributions. These distributions are nearly identical to the pseudorapidity distributions of their parent mesons produced in hadronic interactions. Comparison of the η distributions from measured and simulated showers can be used to test the quality of the high energy hadronic interaction models. The pseudorapidity distributions reflect the longitudinal development of EAS and, as such, are sensitive to the mass of the cosmic ray primary particles. With various parameters of the η distribution, obtained from the Muon Tracking Detector data, it is possible to calculate the average logarithm of mass of the primary cosmic ray particles. The results of the < ln A > analysis in the primary energy range 1016 eV-1017 eV with the 1st quartile and the mean value of the distributions will be presented for the QGSJet-II-2, QGSJet-II-4, EPOS 1.99 and EPOS LHC models in combination with the FLUKA model.
Published: 2015

240. THE COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT KASCADE-GRANDE

Author: K. Bekk, K. H. Kampert, Alexandru Bercuci, G. C. Trinchero, J. Wochele, T. Pierog, P. L. Ghia, H. J. Mathes, P. Doll, D. Heck, Kai Daumiller, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, B. Mitrica, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, Gernot Maier, A. Weindl, Y. Kolotaev, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, H.O. Klages, J. Blümer, A. Risse, R. Engel, J.R. Hörandel, H. Ulrich, D. Zimmermann, J. van Buren, Wolfgang Walkowiak, R. Obenland, M. Stümpert, J. Oehlschläger, Markus Roth, J. Engler, W. D. Apel, F. Badea, G. Navarra, H. Rebel, R. Glasstetter, S. Over, Claus Grupen, H. Bozdog, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, S. Ostapchenko, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, M. Brüggemann, and G. Toma
Subjects: Physics, KASCADE, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
Published: 2006
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241. ADVANCED DETECTION METHODS OF RADIO SIGNALS FROM COSMIC RAYS FOR KASCADE GRANDE AND AUGER

Author: H. GEMMEKE, W. D. APEL, F. A. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. DE BRUYN, C. M. DE VOS, F. DI PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYERS, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, S. NEHLS, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN
Published: 2006
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242. The Kascade-Grande experiment

Author: M. Brüggemann, M. Stümpert, J. Buren, T. Antoni, W.D. Apel, F. Badea, K. Bekk, A. Bercuci, M. Bertaina, H. Blümer, H. Bozdog, I.M. Brancus, P. Buchholz, C. Büttner, A. Chiavassa, K. Daumiller, F. Pierro, P. Doll, R. Engel, J. Engler, F. Fessler, P.L. Ghia, H.J. Gils, R. Glasstetter, A. Haungs, D. Heck, J.R. Hörandel, K.-H. Kampert, H.O. Klages, Y. Kolotaev, G. Maier, H.J. Mathes, H.J. Mayer, J. Milke, B. Mitrica, C. Morello, M. Müller, G. Navarra, R. Obenland, J. Oehlschläger, S. Ostapchenko, S. Over, M. Petcu, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, A. Risse, M. Roth, H. Schieler, J. Scholz, T. Thouw, G. Toma, G.C. Trinchero, H. Ulrich, S. Valchierotti, W. Walkowiak, A. Weindl, J. Wochele, J. Zabierowski, S. Zagromski, and D. Zimmermann
Published: 2006
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243. Absolute Calibration of the Lopes Antenna System

Author: S. NEHLS, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. de BRUYN, C. M. de VOS, F. di PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAKENJOS, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, A. HORNEFFER, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, LOPES, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pulse duration, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Amplification factor, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optics, Earth's magnetic field, Electric field, Calibration, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Antenna (radio), business
Abstract: Radio emission in extensive air showers arises from an interaction with the geomagnetic field and is subject of theoretical studies. This radio emission has advantages for the detection of high energy cosmic rays compared to secondary particle or fluorescence measurement methods. Radio antennas like the LOPES30 antenna system are suited to investigate this emission process by detecting the radio pulses. The characteristic observable parameters like electric field strength and pulse length require a calibration which was done with a reference radio source resulting in an amplification factor representing the system behavior in the environment of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Knowing the amplification factor and the gain of the LOPES antennas LOPES30 is calibrated absolutely for systematic analyses of the radio emission., Comment: 5 pages, Proceedings of International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino detection Activities: ARENA, May 17-19, 2005, DESY Zeuthen
Published: 2006

244. One-dimensional Hybrid Approach to Extensive Air Shower Simulation

Author: T. Bergmann, S. Ostapchenko, T. Thouw, T. Pierog, N. N. Kalmykov, D. Heck, Klaus Werner, and Ralph Engel
Subjects: Physics, Particle number, Numerical analysis, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Observable, Astrophysics, Computational physics, Nuclear physics, Air shower, Cascade, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: An efficient scheme for one-dimensional extensive air shower simulation and its implementation in the program conex are presented. Explicit Monte Carlo simulation of the high-energy part of hadronic and electro-magnetic cascades in the atmosphere is combined with a numeric solution of cascade equations for smaller energy sub-showers to obtain accurate shower predictions. The developed scheme allows us to calculate not only observables related to the number of particles (shower size) but also ionization energy deposit profiles which are needed for the interpretation of data of experiments employing the fluorescence light technique. We discuss in detail the basic algorithms developed and illustrate the power of the method. It is shown that Monte Carlo, numerical, and hybrid air shower calculations give consistent results which agree very well with those obtained within the corsika program.
Published: 2006
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245. Results and status of KASCADE-Grande

Author: A. Weindl, R. Glasstetter, H. Bozdog, A.F. Badea, G. Toma, M. Stümpert, S. Over, Alexandru Bercuci, R. Obenland, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, T. Pierog, Markus Roth, J. Engler, P. L. Ghia, S. Ostapchenko, Y. Kolotaev, R. Engel, S. Nehls, J. Blümer, W. D. Apel, F. Cossavella, B. Mitrica, J.R. Hörandel, H. Ulrich, D. Zimmermann, H. Rebel, J. Wochele, C. Meurer, D. Heck, J. Oehlschläger, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, H.O. Klages, Claus Grupen, Wolfgang Walkowiak, M. E. Bertaina, J. Milke, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, A. Haungs, J. Zabierowski, M. Petcu, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, A. Risse, M. Brüggemann, G. C. Trinchero, K. Bekk, Octavian Sima, H. Schieler, K. H. Kampert, P. Doll, H. J. Mathes, T. Huege, G. Navarra, Kai Daumiller, and J. van Buren
Subjects: Physics, High energy, KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Knee region, Composition analysis, Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, human activities, Spectral line
Abstract: The KASCADE‐Grande experiment measures extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays in the knee region (with energies between 0.5 PeV and 1 EeV). The principal task of the experiment is to measure precisely the energy and chemical composition of primary cosmic rays to clarify the origin of the knee. The data of the original KASCADE experiment have been used in a composition analysis, which shows the knee is caused by a steepening of the element spectra. The limitations to these conclusions due to the dependence on the high energy hadronic interaction models used in the simulations are also presented.
Published: 2006
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246. The longitudinal development of showers induced by high-energy hadrons in an iron-sampling calorimeter

Author: A. Haungs, S. Zagromski, J. Oehlschläger, J. Zabierowski, K. H. Kampert, H. J. Mathes, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, R. Engel, M. E. Bertaina, H. Bozdog, J. Milke, P. Doll, W. D. Apel, H. Rebel, M. Brüggemann, S. Ostapchenko, J. Scholz, F. Feßler, R. Obenland, G. Toma, Kai Daumiller, H. Blümer, F. Badea, G. C. Trinchero, Wolfgang Walkowiak, T. Thouw, Marcio Aparecido Muller, H.J. Mayer, A. Chiavassa, Markus Roth, A. Risse, M. Stümpert, Gernot Maier, R. Glasstetter, B. Mitrica, S. Over, H. Schieler, C. Büttner, H.O. Klages, J. van Buren, K. Bekk, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Petcu, Y. Kolotaev, J. Engler, G. Navarra, Peter Buchholz, I.M. Brancus, H. Ulrich, J.R. Hörandel, D. Zimmermann, T. Antoni, P. L. Ghia, A. Weindl, S. Valchierotti, Alexandru Bercuci, J. Wochele, and D. Heck
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High energy, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Sampling (statistics), Super Proton Synchrotron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Ionization, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Particle beam
Abstract: Occasionally cosmic-ray induced air showers result in single, unaccompanied hadrons at ground level. Such events are investigated with the 300 m2 hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. It is an iron sampling calorimeter with a depth of 11 hadronic interaction lengths read out by warm-liquid ionization chambers. The longitudinal shower development is discussed as function of energy up to 30 TeV and the results are compared with simulations using the GEANT/FLUKA code. In addition, results of test measurements at a secondary particle beam of the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN up to 350 GeV are discussed.
Published: 2006

247. Investigating the 2nd knee: The KASCADE-grande experiment

Author: H. J. Mathes, Gernot Maier, A. Risse, P. Doll, Alexandru Bercuci, G. C. Trinchero, M. Petcut, C. Morello, H.J. Mayer, Andrea Chiavassa, T. Pierog, H.J. Gils, S. Plewnia, H. Rebel, Kai Daumiller, S. Over, A. Haungs, P. L. Ghia, K. Bekk, C. Grupen, M. Stümpert, H. Bozdog, S. Zagromski, J. Zabierowski, Wolfgang Walkowiak, J.R. Hörandel, G. Toma, S. Ostapchenko, J. Wochele, D. Zimmermann, F. Badea, A. Weindl, F. Di Pierre, Marcio Aparecido Muller, R. Engel, D. Heck, M. E. Bertaina, R. Obenland, J. Bliimer, G. Navarra, H.O. Klages, J. Milke, Peter Buchholz, K. H. Kampert, I.M. Brancus, Markus Roth, Y. Kolotaev, W. D. Apel, J. Engler, M. Brüggemann, B. Mitricat, R. Glasstetter, J. van Buren, Octavian Sima, H. Ulrich, H. Schieler, J. Oehlschläger, and S. Valchierotti
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, History, KASCADE, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: Recent results from the multi-detector set-up KASCADE on measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range of the so called "first" knee (at ≈ 3 PeV) indicate a distinct knee in the energy spectra of light primary cosmic rays and an increasing dominance of heavy ones towards higher energies. This leads to the expectation of knee-like features of the heavy primaries at around 100 PeV. To investigate this energy region KASCADE has recently been extended by a factor 10 in area to the new experiment KASCADE-Grande. Main results of KASCADE as well as set-up, capabilities, and status of KASCADE-Grande are presented.
Published: 2006

248. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES

Author: A. HORNEFFER, W. D. APEL, F. BADEA, L. BÄHREN, K. BEKK, A. BERCUCI, M. BERTAINA, P. L. BIERMANN, J. BLÜMER, H. BOZDOG, I. M. BRANCUS, M. BRÜGGEMANN, P. BUCHHOLZ, S. BUITINK, H. BUTCHER, A. CHIAVASSA, K. DAUMILLER, A. G. DE BRUYN, C. M. DE VOS, F. DI PIERRO, P. DOLL, R. ENGEL, H. FALCKE, H. GEMMEKE, P. L. GHIA, R. GLASSTETTER, C. GRUPEN, A. HAUNGS, D. HECK, J. R. HÖRANDEL, T. HUEGE, K.-H. KAMPERT, G. W. KANT, U. KLEIN, Y. KOLOTAEV, Y. KOOPMAN, O. KRÖMER, J. KUIJPERS, S. LAFEBRE, G. MAIER, H. J. MATHES, H. J. MAYER, J. MILKE, B. MITRICA, C. MORELLO, G. NAVARRA, S. NEHLS, A. NIGL, R. OBENLAND, J. OEHLSCHLÄGER, S. OSTAPCHENKO, S. OVER, H. J. PEPPING, M. PETCU, J. PETROVIC, T. PIEROG, S. PLEWNIA, H. REBEL, A. RISSE, M. ROTH, H. SCHIELER, G. SCHOONDERBEEK, O. SIMA, M. STÜMPERT, G. TOMA, G. C. TRINCHERO, H. ULRICH, J. VAN BUREN, W. VAN CAPELLEN, W. WALKOWIAK, A. WEINDL, S. WIJNHOLDS, J. WOCHELE, J. ZABIEROWSKI, J. A. ZENSUS, and D. ZIMMERMANN
Published: 2006

249. Tests of hadronic interaction models by data of the KASCADE-Grande air-shower experiment

Author: Wolfgang Walkowiak, H.O. Klages, P. Doll, J. Oehlschläger, R. Obenland, Peter Buchholz, G. Navarra, G. Toma, I.M. Brancus, S. Over, H. J. Gils, Markus Roth, Tim Huege, H.J. Mayer, J. Engler, J. van Buren, W. D. Apel, M. Stümpert, H. Schieler, S. Ostapchenko, H. Bozdog, Gernot Maier, S. Plewnia, F. Badea, A. Haungs, J. Wochele, K. H. Kampert, G.C. Trinchero, A. Risse, J. Zabierowski, Octavian Sima, H. J. Mathes, Tanguy Pierog, Kai Daumiller, J.R. Hörandel, A. Weindl, B. Mitrica, F. Di Pierro, C. Morello, M. Brüggemann, A. Chiavassa, D. Zimmermann, K. Bekk, R. Glasstetter, M. Petcu, M. Risse, Ralph Engel, Martin Müller, M. E. Bertaina, D. Heck, J. Milke, Piera Luisa Ghia, S. Nehls, Y. Kolotaev, Claus Grupen, H. Ulrich, H. Rebel, Alexandru Bercuci, and J. Blümer
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Air shower, KASCADE, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Unknown primary, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Interaction model
Abstract: KASCADE-Grande is a multi-detector setup to get redundant information on single air shower basis. The information is used to perform multi-parameter analyses to solve the threefold problem of the reconstruction of the unknown primary energy, the primary mass, and to quantify the characteristics of the hadronic interactions in the air-shower development. This contribution discusses the various ways of testing the hadronic interaction mechanisms with data of the original KASCADE experiment and their results, as well as the capabilities in testing the models with the extension of KASCADE, the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Though no hadronic interaction model is fully able to describe the multi-parameter data of KASCADE consistently, the more recent models or improved versions of older models reproduce the data better than a few years ago.
Published: 2006

250. Potential of TACTIC for cosmic ray mass composition investigations

Author: H. Rebel, D. Heck, T. Thouw, A. K. Razdan, M. L. Sapru, C. L. Bhat, V. N. Gandhi, and R. C. Rannot
Subjects: Telescope, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Elemental composition, law, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Mass composition, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention
Abstract: A feasibility-study is in progress presently for investigating the prospects of studying elemental composition of ultra-high energy cosmic-rays using the Cerenkov telescope array TACTIC. We discuss here the proposed methodology and some preliminary results.
Published: 1997
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