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A field study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the effect of integrated weed management on weed dynamics under semidry rice. The associated weed flora in semidry rice includes Trianthema portulacastram, Parthenium hysterophorus, Alternanthera sessilis, Digera arvensis, Corchorus capsularis as broad leaved weeds; Echinocloa colona as grass; Cyperus rotundus as sedge. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl @ 20 g a.i ha-1 PE fb chlorimuron ethyl + metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g a.i ha-1 + fenoxaprop-p-ethyl @ 60 g a.i ha-1 PoE was found effective among all the herbicidal treatments in reducing weed density and dry matter with maximum grain yield and B:C ratio.

This study aims to determine the effect of local arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on weed density, growth and yield of sweet corn in marginal soils. This study used a randomized block design with local AMF propagules which consisted of 4 levels: 0 g/planting hole or control (A 0 ), 15 g/planting hole (A 1 ), 30 g/planting hole (A 2 ) and 45 g/planting hole (A 3 ). The research parameters observed were: weed density, plant height, stem diameter, crop yield, and the percentage of AMF infection in the roots of corn plants. The results showed that the highest weed dominance value at the age of 14 DAP was Cyperus rotundus as 36.8% in treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A 3) , age 56 DAP the highest weed dominance value was Hyptis capitata as 47.1% in the treatment of AMF 30 g/planting hole. The best plant height and stem diameter were found in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting holes (A 3 ) at 56 DAP, the average plant height reached 234.05 cm and the average stem diameter reached 3.72 cm. Increased production of corn plants that were given local AMF ranged from 2.70 to 3.10 tons ha -1 or an average increase in overall corn crop production of 2.86 tons ha -1 . The average percentage of mycorrhiza fungi infections in the highest roots of corn plants in the treatment of AMF 45 g/planting hole (A 3 ) as 94%. Key words : Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi; vesicles; hypha; maize; ultisols

Teki (Cyperus rotundus L.) merupakan salah satu gulma berbahaya pada komoditi hortikultura karena mengandung alelokimia yang dapat menghambat perkecambahan tumbuhan. Alelopati tersebut berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bioherbisida pratumbuh untuk mengendalikan gulma berdaun lebar dan rumput. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifan bioherbisida berbahan baku umbi teki pada berbagai formulasi dan dosis. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2019 di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, IPB University, Bogor, untuk penanaman biji gulma. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah formulasi umbi teki (F1: tepung umbi teki, F2: tepung umbi teki + aquades, F3: tepung umbi teki + aquades + surfaktan, F4: maserat, F5: maserat + surfaktan, dan F6: pellet), dan faktor kedua adalah dosis (D1: 22.50 kg tepung ha-1, D2: 45 kg tepung ha-1, dan D3: 67.50 kg tepung ha-1) sehingga terdapat 18 unit perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa semua formulasi bioherbisida berbahan baku tepung umbi teki efektif menekan perkecambahan. Formulasi pellet merupakan formulasi yang direkomendasikan karena dalam pengaplikasiannya lebih mudah dan efisien. Dosis efektif untuk menekan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kecambah tanaman uji adalah 45 kg tepung ha-1. Kata kunci : A. gangetica, A. gangeticus, E. crus-galli, maserasi, pellet

Field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Kogi State University, Anyigba in 2014 to assess the effects of some herbicides on the control of purple nutsedge in soybean. The field used for the trial was left fallow for about five years and predominantly infested with purple nutsedge. It was then ploughed, harrowed and ridged. The treatments applied consisted oflinuron [N-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methoxy-N-methyl urea] at 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i/ha; 2,4-D [ (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid ] at 2.0 and 3.0 kg a.i/ha; glyphosate [N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine] at 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i/ha; a tank mixture of glufosinate [2-amino-4- (hydroxymethylphosphinyl) butanoic acid] + fluazifop [ (R) -2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2- pyridinyl ] oxy] phenoxy] propanoic acid] at 2.5 and 3.0 kg a.i/ha, manual hoe weeding at 3,6 and 9 WAS and the weedy check. In this trial,the application of 2.0 and 2.5 kg a.i/ha of glyphosate was found to be most efficacious in the control of purple nutsedge. Glyphosate applied at both rates compared favourably with hoe weeding at 3,6 and 9 WAS in the control of purple nutsedge and resulted in the highest grain yield of soybean in the area. A tank mixture of glufosinate + fluazifop at 3.0 kg a;/ha equally gave a good control of purple nutsedge and the soybean grain yield produced therein was comparable to that obtained from plots treated with both rates of glyphosate or that were hoe weeded. Results obtained in this study suggest that glyphosate applied at 2.5 kg a.i/ha could provide alternative management option for the control of purple nutsedge to manual hoe-weeding and for ensuring higher grain yield of soybean.

The present work aimed to assess the ability of plant species namely, Schoenoplectus litoralis and Cyperus rotundus belonging to family Cyperaceae in bioremoval of heavy metals from polluted soil by As, Pb, Cd, Zn. Soil planted with both plant species was regularly irrigated (twice a week) by water containing different concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 ppm of the metals in a laboratory experiment. The tested metals residues were determined in the shoot and root system of plants after 45 days and expressed as mg/g dry weight of the plant. C. rotundus had a high power for absorbing and accumulating heavy metals from the contaminated soil by higher rate by roots than by shoot system (root: As 183 mg/g, Pb 82 mg/g, Cd 122 mg/g, and Zn 137 mg/g, shoot: As 145 mg/g, Pb 512 mg/g, Cd102 mg/g, and Zn 110 mg/g ). S. litoralis absorbed and accumulated heavy metals from soil in less amount (root: As 148 mg/g, Pb 46 mg/g, Cd 113 mg/g, and Zn 127 mg/g, shoot: As 132 mg/g, Pb 44 mg/g, Cd 100 mg/g, and Zn 105 mg/g). The bioaccumulation power increased with the increase of heavy metal concentrations in soil and with the time exposure in the both plant species.

The essential oil of Egyptian Cyperus rotundus rhizomes was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The oil is composed mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Thirty-seven compounds were...

Sixty Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) were used in the present study. It was conducted out in the animal house of the Department of Biology/College of Education for Women. The mice were infected with Entamoeba histolytica isolated from positive stool samples obtained from children in pediatric hospital in Kirkuk city governorate followed by treatment with aqueous extract of Cyperus rotundus and Thymus serpyllum. Results revealed a significant increase of P < 0.05 in immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G,, and immunoglobulin M antibody levels among infected mice when it was compared with the control and treated groups of aqueous extracts of studied plant. This indicates the efficacy of these extracts as treatment.

The purpose of this research that has been carried out is to analyze the diversity of morphology of stem modification (caulis) in the Sub-District of East Lubuklinggau I. The technique of collecting the data that has been carried out by observation. The data obtained from the study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study have found 29 species, namely 12 species that have cirrhus, namely Pisum sativum, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Vigna sinensis, Ipomoea batatas, Piper betle, Cucumis sativus, Momordica charantia, Cucurbita moschata, Passiflora quadrangularis, Cylea barbata, Vitis vinifera, Mikania micrantha, 7 species that have rhizomes, namely Cyperus rotundus, Etlingera hemisphaerica, Alpinia galangal, Kaempferia galangal, Zingiber officinale, Zingiber cassumunar, and Curcuma domestica, 4 species that have geragih, namely Cyperus rotundus, Marsilea crenata, Fragaria vesca and Solanum tuberosum , 4 species that have tuber namely Ipomoea batatas, Colocasia esculenta, Cyperus rotundus, and Solanum tuberosum, 3 species that spina, namely Solanum torvum, Hylocereus costaricensis, and Mammillaria xanaea, 1 species that has a bulb namely Amaryllis fariegata temporal sangat tinggi (Servina and 1 species that has tuber namely Musa paradisiaca, and diversity index (H') is 1.284 categorized as medium diversity.

Background: The leaves and rhizome extracts of Cyperus rotundus Linn. popularly called “Nut grass” in many Nigerian communities have been extensively used in local food preparation and in treatment purposes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical contents, proximate nutritional composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaves and rhizome extracts of C. rotundus. Methodology: The disease-free plant materials were collected from a farm in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Preparation of the plant material, methanolic and aqueous extracts; bacterial culture, isolation, microscopy and biochemical identification; phytochemical screening and proximate nutritional analysis were done according to standard methods, while screening for antimicrobial activity was done by agar well diffusion technique. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed the presence of bioactive compounds at varying amounts such as glycosides, tannins, reducing sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins and phlobatannins. The proximate nutritional and elemental analysis of C. rotundus extracts showed high presence of B-carotene (164.3 ± 0.02), Vitamin A (109.25 ± 0.01) and carbohydrate (59.0 ± 0.01) with moderate content of lipid (24.25 ± 0.02) and moisture (9.10 ± 0.01) as well as contents of some mineral elements such as Ca, K and P occurring in the range literature values in mg per 100 g dry weight of the plant sample. The methanol and aqueous extracts of C. rotundus showed varying diameter of zones of inhibition on the test organism. The observable inhibitory effect of the plant extracts on the test organism was more pronounced with methanol extracts as indicated by the diameter of zones of inhibition in mm in the order of 22.0>14.0>13.0 for P. mirabilis, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively compared to the aqueous extract. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown the antimicrobial, therapeutic and nutritional potential of the leaves and rhizome extracts of C. rotundus. It could possibly find application as a good alternative antibacterial agent, nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.

Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures were synthesized using Cynodon dactylon and Cyperus rotundus grass extracts. XRD analysis revealed formation of end-centered monoclinic structured CuO with high crystallinity. SEM images of CuO nanostructure prepared by C. dactylon grass extract disclosed rice spikelet-like morphology, while CuO nanostructure synthesized by C. rotundus grass extract exhibited composite morphology with nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoprisms. EDAX spectra clearly revealed presence of Cu and O elements that confirms purity of CuO nanostructures. Strong absorption peaks observed in FTIR spectra of monoclinic CuO nanostructures revealed high purity of CuO nanostructures synthesized by grass extracts. Potential antibacterial activity exhibited by CuO nanostructures against Gram negative Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial species with zone of inhibition of 28 mm can be ascribed to diverse factors, such as mechanical damage, oxidative injury and gene toxicity. Thus, C. dactylon and C. rotundus grass extracts can be regarded as sustainable and abundant natural resources towards green synthesis of CuO nanostructures for potential antibacterial applications.

O crescimento da agricultura orgânica, associado às mudanças de padrões de consumo e exigência dos consumidores evidencia um aumento da demanda por alimentos livres de resíduos de agrotóxicos e que apresentem menores riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente. No entanto, por outro lado, a disponibilidade de métodos alternativos ao controle químico de plantas daninhas, entre outros organismos indesejáveis aos cultivos, ainda é um grande desafio. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plantas daninhas, oriundas de propágulos presentes no solo. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade de Cuiabá, entre os dias 18/01/2018 e 22/02/2018. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos testados correspondem a cinco tempos de solarização do solo, sendo esses: testemunha (sem solarização), solarização por 7 dias, 14 dias, 21 dias e 28 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a solarização pode ser aplicada para a supressão de plantas daninhas. Os efeitos são variados e dependem do tempo de solarização e da espécie da planta. A solarização do solo por 14 dias demonstrou redução acima de 90% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Cyperus rotundus e a solarização por 28 dias demonstrou redução de aproximadamente 70% da produção de massa de matéria seca de Chamaesyce hirta. Palavras-chave: Solarização. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Controle Alternativo. Abstract The growth of organic agriculture, associated with changes in consumption patterns and consumer’s demand, shows an increase in demand for food free from residues of pesticides and have lower risks to health and the environment. But on the other hand, the availability of alternative methods to chemical weed control, and other unwanted organisms to crops, is still a big challenge. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solarization on growth and early development of weed plants from seedlings in the soil. The experiment was conducted at University of Cuiabá, between 01/18/2018 and 02/22/2018. A completely randomized design was adopted with five treatments and five replications. The treatments correspond to five times of soil solarization, namely : control (no solarization), solarization for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. The results showed that the solarisation can be applied to the weeds removal. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. The effects are varied and depend on the solarization time and plant species. Soil Solarization for 14 days showed over 90% reduction of mass production Cyperus rotundus dry matter and solarization for 28 days showed a reduction of approximately 70% by weight of dry matter production of Chamaesyce hirta. Keywords: Solarization. Cyperus Rotundus. Chamaesyce Hirta. Alternative Control

Weeds such as Cyperus rotundus L. dan Ageratum conyzoides L. release allelopatic compounds which can inhibit the growth of crops. The aim of this study was to compare the inhibition of allelopatic compounds contained C. rotundus L. and A. conyzoides root exctract to Brassica rapa L. growth. This study was conducted in a greenhouse and was based on Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor was type of root extracts (extract from either C. rotundus root or A. conyzoides root) and the second factor was concentration of root extract. Root extract concentrations added to growth medium of B. rapa L. 10 days after planting were 0, 100, 300 and 500 g/L respectifely. The addition of root extract was repeated every week until crop harvested. The results showed that there was not significantly different between C. rotundus and A. conyzoides roots extract to inhibit B. rapa growth. Increassing of root extract concentrations from both roots increased inhibition of B. rapa growth.

Purpose Over the past decade, plant extracts are ultimate green candidatures to substitute the expensive and noxious synthetic corrosion inhibitors. In this regard, this study aims to focus on evaluating anti-corrosion properties of green inhibitor Cyperus rotundus (C. rotundus), a perennial herb found throughout India. Design/methodology/approach The biocompatible components present in C. rotundus extract was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis. The corrosion inhibitory effect of C. rotundus was assessed by impedance, polarization and surface morphometric study [atomic force microscopy (AFM)]. Density functional theory (DFT) study was carried using DFT/B3LYP, and basis set used for calculations was 6-31G (d, p) using Gaussian 03 program package. Findings Predominant components such as octadecanoicacid, ethylester, n-hexadecanoic acid, pentanoicacid-4-oxoethyl ester, cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl, cyclotetrasiloxane and octamethyl were identified from the extract of C. rotundus. Impedance study demonstrated that the addition of inhibitor reduces the double-layer capacitance and increases the charge transfer resistance. Furthermore, polarization studies indicated that the extract of C. rotundus acted as a mixed-type inhibitor with decrease in corrosion current density with increase in concentration. AFM study evinced the formation of inhibitor film on mild steel surface. The donor–acceptor interactions of active sites of predominant phytoconstituents were substantiated by computational analysis (DFT). Originality/value This paper deals with the inhibition effect of extract of C. rotundus on mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4. C. rotundus has a capability to adsorb on the metal surface, thus hindering corrosion.

Glyphosate is one of herbicide active ingredient which is mostly used to control weeds in crops. However, in rain season herbicide effectiveness decreases as it is washed by rain. This research aimed to study effect of rainfall intensity on the effectiveness of herbicide (Round up 486 SL 2.5 l/ha.) with isopropilamina glyphosate as the active ingredient in controlling specific weeds Ageratum conyzoides, Rottboellia exaltata, and Cyperus rotundus. The experiment was consisted of six treatments and arranged in randomized block design with 8 replications. The treatments were level of rain intensity which were 5 mm/hour, 10 mm/hour, 20 mm/hour, 40 mm/hour, no rain and control (no herbicide no rain). Rainfall intensity was determined by conducting simulation trials prior to the treatments and applied 30 minutes after herbicide applications. The results showed that herbicide effectiveness decreased as the rainfall intensity incresed, even though with longer time the herbicide was still able to control the weeds. The effect of rainfall intensity on herbicide effectiveness was different for different weeds. Up to intensity 40 mm/hour herbicide was capable to control weeds but with level of weeds destruction 20-60%.

Purpose: To study the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of a novel 3,9-peroxsesquiterpene-15-Oglucoside from Cyperus rotundus rhizomes, against HeLa cell line and selected strains of microorganisms. Methods: The rhizomes were macerated with methanol and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed together with chemical analysis of the fractions. The 3,9-peroxysesquiterpene-15-O-glucoside was purified through column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction, and its purity was determined via reversephase HPLC. Structural elucidation was done with Infrared (IR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) spectroscopic analyses. Results: The isolated compound exhibited bactericidal and fungicidal activities against S. aureus and C. albicans at concentration, respectively, in the range of 32 – 100 μg/mL, while MTT assay results showed the cytotoxicity of the compound against eukaryotic (HeLa) cell line (IC50, 88.32 μg/mL). Conclusion: The isolated metabolite from the methanol extract of C. rotundus rhizome exhibits bactericidal, fungicidal, and cytotoxic potential. However, further studies are required to ascertain its suitability for use as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Terpenoids, Column chromatography, Spectroscopy, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Cyperus rotundus

Nowadays obesity is the major health problem due to food habit and life style of people. Nature and natural compounds possess lots of health benefits. To explore the therapeutic benefit of Cyperus rotundus in this work, we have evaluated the anti-obesity potential on Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obese rats. Methanolic extract of tubers of Cyperus rotundus was administered at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg/oral after 45 d of treatment and a significant improvement in body weight, organs and lipid profile was observed as compared with MSG induced obese rats. Nowadays obesity is a common metabolic disorder in developed and developing countries. It was observed that Cyperus rotundus tuber possesses anti-obesity potential and protective action on heart and liver.

The phenomenal increase in the demand of herbal drugs, leads to over exploitation of medicinal plants which ultimately resulted in the scarcity and endangerment of many valuable plant species. On observing the difficulties in procuring genuine herbal drugs arose the concept of substitution which was documented in many classical Ayurvedic texts. The present study made a comparative evaluation of the gastroprotective potential of hydroalcoholic extracts of an original drug Aconitum heterophyllum (HAAH) and its substitute Cyperus rotundus (HACR) in the treatment of gastric ulcer under in vivo experimental conditions. The anti-ulcer property of the plant extracts was investigated against pylorus ligation induced ulcer in Wistar albino rats. The results confirmed that both A. heterophyllum and C. rotundus deliver comparable significant protection against gastric ulcer, indicated by a decrease in the free and total acidity, volume of gastric content, total proteins and increase in pH of gastric content, total carbohydrates and total carbohydrates to total proteins ratio. The observed anti-ulcer potential of both the drugs is attributed mainly to prevention of the generation of damaging free radical cascades and oxidant radical release. Keywords: Acute toxicity, Cytotoxicity, Drug substitution, Histopathology, Lipid peroxidation

Previous studies stated that the solution of purple nut sedge tuber powder has the potential as a pre-emergence bioherbicide to control broad-leaf weeds. This study aimed to: determine an effective concentration level of tuber powder solution, find out information on the types of effective surfactants in order to be mixed in tuber powder solutions in inhibiting germination, and find out the interaction between the tuber solution and the addition of surfactants towards the germination of plant seeds. This study was conducted from February to April 2019 in a greenhouse at the Cikabayan Experimental Station, IPB University. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two-factors and three replications. The first factor was the type of surfactants, consisting of A0 (with no surfactant), A1 Tween 80, A2 Triethanolamine (TEA), and A3 Nonylphenol 10 (NP10) with 2% concentration. The second factor was the solution concentration, including K0 (control), K1 (45 g L-1), K2 (90 g L-1), and K3 (135 g L-1). The results showed that the tuber powder solution significantly affected several germination parameters. In addition to suppressing the percentage of germinating seeds, the solution of tuber powder could also inhibit the growth rate and increased the percentage of abnormal sprouts. The response to the concentrations used was linear and still ineffective enough for suppressing seed germination. In this study, the types of surfactants used were unable to increase the effectiveness of the tuber powder solution as a bioherbicide. Lettuce and Asystasia gangetica broad leafy plants are more sensitive to the treatment than paddy rice. Keywords: allelopathy, Asystasia gangetica, bioherbicide, Cyperus rotundus, sustainable agriculture

Weeds are one of the most important biological constraint to cotton production, and resulting in a yield losses of up to 90%. The evolution of hundreds of resistant weed species, the lack of new herbicide chemistries, and the increase in weed management costs are all making weed management more arduous for the growers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of allelopathic crop water extracts (ACWEs) alone and in combination with one third rate of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) for effective weed management in cotton. The treatments investigated were; weedy check, sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + brassica + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1, sorghum + brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, sorghum + brassica WE + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i.ha−1, and S-metolachlor at recommended rate of 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1. Results revealed that pre-emergent application of sorghum + brassica water extract (WE) at 1.5 L ha−1 was the best treatment in terms of effective dry biomass reduction (40%) of Trianthema portulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus, and increase in seed cotton yield (12%). The second best treatment was sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 + S-metolachlor at 717 g a.i. ha−1 with yield increase of 11% over the weedy control. In comparison, S-metolachlor at recommended rate 2.15 kg a.i. ha−1 recorded only 4% decrease in weeds dry biomass reduction and 8% increase in seed cotton yield. Hence, it can be predicted that binary combination of sorghum and brassica WE at 1.5 L ha−1 or binary combination of sorghum + sunflower WE at 1.5 L ha−1 with one third dose of S-metolachlor (717 g a.i. ha−1) can be used for effective weed management and increase in seed cotton yield. Furthermore, adoption of this technique will also reduce the herbicide application, which is not only beneficial for the ecosystem but, also minimize the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed species. Keywords: Allelopathy, Chemical weed control, Herbicide, Weeds, Biomass, Seed cotton yield, Environment

The present study assessed the phytotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the essential oil (EO) extracted from aboveground parts of Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed 39 compounds constituting 99.67% of the EO. The EO was rich in monoterpenoids (mostly oxygenated monoterpenes), which accounted for 89.28% of the oil. The major components in EO were monoterpene ketones such as piperitone oxide (53.83%) and piperitenone oxide (11.52%), followed by thymol (5.80%), and (E)-caryophyllene (4.88%). The phytotoxic activities of EO were estimated against Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Oryza sativa (rice) through pre- and post-emergence assays at concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 μg/ml and 0.5-5%, respectively. In pre-emergence assay, the phytotoxic effect of EO was most pronounced on C. rotundus, thereby significantly affecting percent germination, plantlet growth, and chlorophyll content. On the contrary, the impact was comparatively lesser on rice, with ~ 40% germination in response to 250 μg/ml of EO treatment. In the post-emergence assay, the spray treatment of EO caused a loss of chlorophyll and wilting in test plants, and subsequently affected the growth of plants, even leading to death in some cases. The cytotoxic activity of EO (at 2.5-50 μg/ml) was studied in meristem cells in onion (Allium cepa L.) root tips. EO exposure to the onion roots induced various chromosomal aberrations such as chromosomal bridges, c-mitosis, stickiness, vagrant chromosomes, etc., and negatively affected the mitotic index. At 50 μg/ml, EO treatment triggered the complete death of roots. The study concludes that M. longifolia EO has phytotoxic activities due to the mito-depressive effect, along with other physiological effects on target plants. Therefore, EO of M. longifolia could be developed into a novel bioherbicide for sustainable management of weeds in agricultural systems.

Background: Chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle, ethanolic extracts of Anacyclus pyrethrum root and Cyperus rotundus rhizome were evaluated against plasmid mediated multidrug resistance of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus sp. isolated from unstimulated saliva of chronic periodontitis. The main aim of the current study centres the reduction of antibiotic consumption and the development of natural compounds to combat multidrug resistance. Methods: Identification of bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid stability and plasmid curing was carried out for the characterization of resistance plasmids. Results: E. faecalis showed 89% of sensitivity to chitosan nanoparticle, chitosan 81%, C. Rotundus 69% and A. pyrethrum 62% for S. aureus, with the MIC >100 µg/ml. In comparison with the antimicrobials tested, maximum resistance to tetracycline (89%) for E. faecalis, is followed by ampicillin (87%) and tetracycline (81%) for S. aureus. Meanwhile, chloramphenicol and tetracycline (80%) for Bacillus sp. The plasmid stability for E. faecalis (20%), S. aureus (C. rotundus>chitosan>A. pyrethrum. Conclusion: Chitosan, Chitosan nanoparticle, C. rotundus, and A. pyrethrum offered a greater potential in eliminating plasmid mediated resistance acquired by periodontal pathogens, thus addressing this crisis in dentistry.

O Ipe amarelo ( Handroanthus chrysotrichus ) de alto valor economico e ornamental, muito empregado na arborizacao urbana, apresenta uma madeira com caracteristicas nobre de alta qualidade que vem chamando a atencao para seu uso em sistemas integrados como ILPF e SAFs, sua reproducao se da exclusivamente por sementes, podendo produzir mudas desuniformes com baixa qualidade para seu uso nesses sistemas, onde a propagacao por estaquia pode ser uma alternativa de producao mais uniforme. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a aplicacao do extrato aquoso dos tuberculos de Tiririca ( Cyperus rotundus ) como fito hormonio na formacao de raizes em estacas de Ipe Amarelo, avaliando as taxas de enraizamento, quantidade e comprimento de raizes. As estacas foram imersas por 10 minutos em 4 doses do extrato de Cyperus rotundus (5, 10, 25 e 50%) e em agua como forma de controle. A aplicacao do extrato promoveu acrescimos no desempenho radicular e nas taxas de enraizamento, conforme foi aumentando a dose, maior foi as medias obtidas, onde a dose de 50% promoveu melhores desempenhos.

Handroanthus chrysotrichus denominado popularmente de Ipe Amarelo, especie nativa de ampla distribuicao geografica, presente no bioma da mata atlântica, sendo de alto valor economico, muito empregado na arborizacao urbana e recuperacoes de areas degradadas. Apresenta uma madeira de alta densidade, muito procurada na construcao civil e movelarias, evidenciando-se para o seu cultivo em sistemas integrados, tais como ILPF e consorciados com outras especies em SAFs. Sua propagacao se da atraves de sementes, que acaba fornecendo mudas desuniformes e de baixa qualidade para a introducao nesses sistemas. A propagacao vegetativa via estaquia geralmente apresenta baixo teor de enraizamento, que pode ser aumentado atraves da propagacao via miniestaquia, aplicando -se fito hormonios. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a aplicacao de fito hormonio do extrato aquoso dos tuberculos de tiririca ( Cyperus rotundus ) na formacao de raizes em miniestacas de Ipe Amarelo, avaliando o desempenho, comprimento e quantidade de raizes. As miniestacas foram imersas sob o extrato de Cyperus rotundus em quatro doses diferentes (5, 10, 25 e 50%) e em agua por dez minutos como forma de controle. A reproducao vegetativa via miniestacas apresentou-se viavel, e o extrato influenciou no desempenho de enraizamento e produtividade radiculares.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro the inhibitory activity of the ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus (Cajamarca - Contumazá) against a standardize strain of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175™). Materials and methods: This study was an experimental in vitro study, which consisted of determining the inhibitory effect of three concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus: 250 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, and 1000 mg/ml against a strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175™). Ten tests were performed for each concentration, having 0.12% chlorhexidine as a positive control for Streptococcus mutans plates and 10% DMSO as a negative control. To evaluate the inhibitory effect, the disk diffusion method or Kirby-Bauer test was used, reading the results at 48 hours after initial sowing. Results: None of the three concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus demosntrated inhibitory effects on the Streptococcus mutans strain; however, the positive control, chlorhexidine, clearly showed inhibition halos of 14.43 mm ± 1.23 mm after 48 hours of incubation. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus did not inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans. It is recommended to deepen the chemical analysis of the components of this plant and explore other extraction methods to verify its bacteriostatic action versus other oral and non-oral microorganisms. Objetivo: Determinar in vitro la actividad inhibitoria del extracto etanólico del Cyperus rotundus(Contumazá, Cajamarca) frente a una cepa estandarizada de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175TM). Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio fue de tipo experimental in vitro, el cual consistió en determinar el efecto inhibitorio de tres concentraciones del extracto etanólico de Cyperus rotundus: 250 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml y 1000 mg/ml frente a Streptococcus mutans (ATCC®25175TM). Se realizaron 10 pruebas para cada concentración del extracto, y se tuvo como control positivo la clorhexidina al 0,12% y como control negativo, al DMSO al 10%. Para evaluar el efecto inhibitorio, se utilizó el método de difusión en discos o prueba de Kirby-Bauer, y se realizó la lectura de las placas de cultivo a las 48 horas posteriores a la siembra. Resultados: Ninguna de las tres concentraciones del extracto etanólico de Cyperus rotundus presentó efecto inhibitorio para la cepa de Streptococcus mutans; sin embargo, tras el control positivo, la clorhexidina presentó halos de inhibición de 14,43 mm ± 1,23 mm, a las 48 horas de incubación. Conclusiones: Se determinó que el extracto etanólico del Cyperus rotundus no es capaz de inhibir el crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans. Se recomienda profundizar en el análisis químico de los componentes de esta planta y explorar otros metodos de extracción para verificar su acción bacteriostática en otros microorganismos orales y no orales.

Cyperus rotundus (nut grass in English) is a perennial erect sedge plant and is distributed in over 90 countries of the world, where it has been mostly classified as a highly invasive weed. Despite this classification, the plant has been considered from traditional times to be medicinally important. The traditional uses of the plant in various countries include uses against various gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, and neurological disorders. Evaluation of the plant and especially its rhizomes in a scientific manner has revealed the presence of numerous phytochemicals and wide-ranging pharmacological activities, which include anti-microbial, gastrointestinal, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-pyretic activity. The scientific validation of a number of traditional uses strongly indicates that the plant may prove useful in the discovery of a number of lead compounds and novel drugs.

Syftet med denna studie var att utveckla en separations- och analysmetod för identifiering av icke-volatila substanser från strån och rötter av de gräsliknande växterna Cyperus rotundus och Panicum repens. För analysen användes högpresterande vätskekromatografi (HPLC) och ultrahögpresterande vätskekromatografi (UHPLC) med en opolär stationär fas (RP-HPLC) med ultraviolett ljus (UV) och elektrosprej masspektrometri detektion (ESI-MS). Proverna extraherandes med hjälp av ultraljuds assisterad extraktion (UAE) och koncentrerades med solid fasextraktion. Två olika metoder användes vid extraktionen antingen sänktes gräset i 10 ml acetonitril två gånger eller så direkt i 20 ml acetonitril. På grund av svårigheten att uppnå reproducerbarhet vid extraktion med samma metod kunde ingen slutsats om någon metods fördelar dras. Under utvecklingen av HPLC metoden testades två olika elueringsmedel metanol och acetonitril i kombination med MilliQ-vatten. Den slutgiltiga metoden börjar med en mobilfas innehållande 70% metanol och 30% vatten under 5 min för att sedan öka till 100% metanol under 10 minuter innan mobilfasen hålls vid 100% metanol under 25 minuter. Med UV-detektorn kräver identifikation av de okända komponenterna krävde kända referenser. Vidare undersökningar genomfördes därför med masspektrometri. Dock så var det begränsad tid kvar för undersökningar med MS så få körningar kunde genomföras, därav kunde inte analyterna analyseras tillräckligt för att kunna identifiera komponenterna från Cyperus rotundus. Vidare analyser med MS samt även kopplad MSMS där spektrum kan jämföras med en databas för identifikation skulle underlätta identifikationen. The aim of this study is to develop an analysis method for the separation and identification of non-volatile substances from the Cyperus rotundus and- Panicum repens roots and shoots. For the analysis reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) methods where used. First an UV detector was used in combination with the HPLC setup and in the later stages access to an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometer was enabled for coupling to UHPLC. The samples were extracted with ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and the concentrated with solid phase extraction (SPE). Two different extraction methods were attempted one where the graminoid plants where submerged in 10 ml acetonitrile twice and the other with 20 ml directly. Due to the difficulty of reproducing result between different extraction batches no conclusion on whether either method is superior could be made. For the development of the HPLC method methanol or acetonitrile was used in combination with ultrapure (MilliQ) water. The final eluationprogram was 70% methanol and 30% MilliQ water for five minutes, increasing linearly over 10 minutes to 100% methanol and then running for 25 minutes. With the UV detector no identification was possible, so further investigations were performed with UHPLC-MS for analysis of the mass of the analytes. Due to time limitations only a few MS analyses on the Cyperus rotundus were performed, and only a few masses could be estimated. Further runs of the samples need to be performed in combination with coupled MSMS to be able to identify the analytes in the samples.

Cyperus rotondus tubers possess substances with allelopathic qualities. Some of these substances can act as synergists of plant hormones and be used for root induction in cuttings. This study aimed to shed light on the development and rooting of Eucalyptus urophylla cuttings treated with C. rotondus (nutgrass) tuber extract and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100% nutgrass extract and 0; 50; 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L-1 of IAA), with four repetitions per treatment and four cuttings per plot. Plantlet height, stem width and root length were measured. The greatest width and height values were recorded for the control (0% nutgrass extract and 0 mg L-1 of IAA), indicating that these substances did not contribute to the development of these variables. However, treatments of nutgrass extract up to 50% were associated with greater root length. C. rotundus extract concentrations of 53% can be used to improve root development in E. urophylla cuttings, and contribute to the production of higher quality plantlets.

Background: Purple nutsedge is a weed that has a tough profuse underground tuber system, and is predominantly a perennial species in many crops. Objective: To evaluate the influence of different water regimes to the effectiveness of herbicides used for controlling the purple nutsedge. Methods: Experiment was arranged in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a two-factor factorial design and three replications. The net-house tests were conducted with six treatments and two different water regimes of “watered daily” and “watered weekly”. The tested herbicides were florpyrauxifen-benzyl, halosulfuron-methyl, 2,4-D and glyphosate. Results: Water shortage reduced the weed control efficacy of four tested herbicides. Herbicide efficacy improved when plants were watered daily, the high level of sedge biomass reduction at 60 DAT observed in florpyrauxifen-benzyl (30 g ai ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (50 g a.i ha-1) treatment. Glyphosate (480 g ai.ha-1) and 2,4-D (360 g ai.ha-1) exhibited moderate control efficacy on purple nutsedge under daily watered condition. Conclusions: The water regime was a critical component of purple nutsedge herbicide control program. Maintaining soil moisture by watering daily improved the herbicide efficiency and reliability for the management of purple nutsedge.

Lymphedema is clinically manifested as swelling due to abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid attributed to inefficient fluid uptake and reduced lymphatic flow. Here we have evaluated the effect of Cyperus rotundus root (CRR) ethanolic extract in a mouse tail model of lymphedema and hypothesized that Cyperus rotundus plant known for its anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of TNF alpha will be effective in managing this condition. The skin was removed was done after leaving 1cm of distance from the base of the trunk. Cut was introduced in sterile condition. The animals were divided into Experimental control(EC) and Cyperus rotundus (CRR) treated groups. A change in tail volume around the wound was monitored upto the 20 days. Kinetics of the swelling was calculated for statistical significance. Further TS of upper part of the wound was stained with H&E stain and documented for histological changes. RESULTS: In EC group, gradual rise in swelling was recorded, which peaked on 10th day and continued up to 15th day, followed by gradual decrease. In CR extract treated group, the swelling was significantly low and peak was obtained on 8th day, while in EC group the swelling was significantly higher and peak was obtained 11th day. The histological section show, fibrous band intersection the lobules of adipocyte and lymphatic vascular channel and muscles in the sub epithelium region in the EC group, which was very less in CRR group.. CONCLUSIONSPolar fraction crr siginificantly prevents the progress of lymphedema and whohc opens a new path for the drug development. For this disease which has no proven treatment. Till day.

Yeosinsan, an herbal formula composed of roots of Paeonia lactiflora and tubers of Cyperus rotundus, was reported as a possible anti-inflammatory and pro-fertility drug. However, the safety of Yeosinsan has not yet been previously investigated. The possible acute and chronic oral toxicity of Yeosinsan was estimated using female and male Sprague Dawley rats. During the administration period, rats were monitored for mortality, body weight changes, food intake, clinical signs, and gross findings. Hematological analysis, serum biochemistry analysis, urinalysis, organ weight measurement, and histopathological examination were also conducted after sacrifice. Acute and chronic oral administration of Yeosinsan did not result in any signs of toxicity in the animals during the observation period. However, in the histopathological examination, several significant changes were observed in the stomach and spleen. In the high-dose group, extramedullary hematopoiesis and increased pigmentation in the spleen and squamous cell hyperplasia in the forestomach were observed. In conclusion, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of the test material, Yeosinsan, was estimated at 1000 mg∙kg−1∙d−1 for both male and female rats. Therefore, our data suggest that Yeosinsan might be safe to use for treating female infertility.