201. Alternative Isolation Protocol for Desulfo and Zwitterionic Cylindrospermopsin Alkaloids and Comparison of Their Toxicity in HepG2 Cells
- Author
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Janice Onuki, Felipe Augusto Dörr, Carlos González-Blanco, Ernani Pinto, and Renata Chaves Albuquerque
- Subjects
Pharmaceutical Science ,Apoptosis ,010501 environmental sciences ,culture broth ,01 natural sciences ,Mass Spectrometry ,Workflow ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Discovery ,cylindrospermopsin ,Moiety ,Solid phase extraction ,Guanidine ,HepG2 cells ,LC-MS2 ,0303 health sciences ,Cyanobacteria Toxins ,Molecular Structure ,Solid Phase Extraction ,Biological activity ,Hep G2 Cells ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,Carbanilides ,Cylindrospermopsis ,Electrospray ionization ,Article ,7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Residue (chemistry) ,Alkaloids ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,cyanotoxins ,7-deoxy-desulfo-cylindrospermopsin ,Toxicity Tests ,LC-DAD ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Chromatography ,biomass ,Organic Chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Uracil ,chemistry ,Cylindrospermopsin ,BIOMASSA ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
The term cylindrospermopsins (CYNs) refers to a structurally related class of cyanobacterial metabolites comprised of a tricyclic guanidine group and a hydroxymethyluracil moiety. Most reports in environmental aquatic samples refer to cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and reports on other CYN alkaloids are scarce, due, in part, to a lack of versatile isolation protocols. Thus, using commercially available solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, we optimized an isolation protocol for the complete recovery of CYN, 7-deoxy-cylindrospermopsin (7D-CYN) and 7-deoxy-desulfo-cylindrospermopsin (7D-desulfo-CYN) from the same aliquot. The isolation protocol was adaptable depending on the nature of the sample (solid biomass, culture broth or environmental water sample) and tolerates up to 4 L of dense culture broth or 400 mg of lyophilized biomass. To quantitate the CYN alkaloids, we validated an LC-DAD-MS2 method, which takes advantage of the UV absorption of the uracil group (&lambda, 262 nm). Using electrospray ionization (ESI) in a positive ion mode, the high-resolution MS1 data confirms the presence of the protonated alkaloids, and the MS2 fragment assignment is reported as complementary proof of the molecular structure of the CYNs. We isolated three CYN alkaloids with different water solubility using the same lyophilized sample, with a purity that ranged from 95% to 99%. The biological activity of the purified CYNs, along with a synthetic degradation product of CYN (desulfo-cylindrospermopsin), was evaluated by assessing necrosis and apoptosis in vitro using flow cytometry. CYN&rsquo, s lethal potency in HepG2 cells was greater than the other analogs, due to the presence of all four functional groups: guanidine, uracil, C-7 hydroxyl and the sulfate residue.
- Published
- 2020