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Canine pyometra is a hormonally mediated life-threatening uterine disease of canines, associated with bacterial infection and inflammation. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of pus in the uterus and systemic illness. The study was undertaken to assess the relevance of band cells in circulation and Doppler ultrasonography in the prognostic evaluation of medically managed canine pyometra. A significantly higher band of neutrophils were recorded among bitches presented with pyometra, which reduced to the physiologically normal range as treatment progressed in the animals which responded to the treatment. The resistive index, which was lower than the threshold value of 0.72, increased as the treatment progressed in the responsive animals and proved to be a reliable tool as a recovery marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the crown and root metric properties of two- and single-rooted/multi-canal mandibular canines (MnCn) with single-rooted/single-canal MnCn. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography images of 1000 patients (500 women and 500 men) with both right and left MnCn were analyzed. First, the root and canal morphologies of all teeth were examined. Then, the teeth were divided into three groups; (a) 2-rooted, (b) 1-rooted and multi-canals, (c) 1-rooted and single-canal. Crown lengths/sizes and tooth lengths were compared between the three groups. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, Welch, post hoc pairwise comparison, and independent sample t-tests. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Of all the teeth, 2.35% were 2-rooted, and 6.3% were 1-rooted/multi-canal. The frequency of double roots was higher in women (p < 0.05). Double-rooted teeth had longer crown lengths but shorter tooth lengths than single-rooted teeth (p < 0.05). In 2-rooted teeth, buccal and lingual root lengths were similar, root bifurcation levels were mostly at the mid-root, and the mean distance of the bifurcation points of the canals to the cemento-enamel junction was 4.09 mm. Double-rooted teeth were mostly observed unilaterally. Conclusions: Since 2-rooted MnCn do not differ significantly from other teeth in terms of crown sizes, it is not possible to differentiate between single- vs. double-rooted MnCn based on clinical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Management of dental caries during early stages is considered a clinical problem in young children. OBJECTIVES: The current in-vitro study assessed the influence of four home oral care products on re-mineralization of early caries lesions using enamel micro-hardness (EMH) test and morphological changes with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty primary canine teeth were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12 in each group). Samples were de-mineralized, and toothpaste slurries were prepared to treat de-mineralized enamel with a pH-cycling model. The groups were divided as follows: Group 1. Control (no intervention); Group 2. Fluoridated toothpaste; Group 3. Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP); Group 4. Toothpaste containing bio-active glass and fluoride; Group 5. Tooth cream containing nano-hydroxyapatite, fluoride, and xylitol. EMH was evaluated in fifty specimens (each group, n = 10) at three times: before and after de-mineralization, and after 28 days of pH-cycling and treatment. Two samples from each group were observed with SEM. Data were analyzed with multiple-sample repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in EMH between mean baseline values and de-mineralized enamel (p < 0.001). Re-mineralization significantly increased EMH in all treatment groups (p < 0.001). In group 5, the percent of EMH recovery was significantly greater than in other groups (p < 0.001). There were significant differences among the other three treatment groups (all p < 0.001). SEM images showed minerals deposited on the dissolved prismatic enamel in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-hydroxyapatite-based tooth cream was the most effective home oral care product for re-mineralization of primary tooth enamel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives : To three-dimensionally assess and visualize the eruption path and development of the maxillary canine following alveolar bone grafting in patients born with cleft lip and palate. A further objective of this analysis was to assess how the presence of the lateral incisor impacts the eruption path of the canine. Design : Observational follow-up study. Setting : Stockholm Craniofacial Team, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Patients : Thirty children born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip with or without palate were consecutively included. Intervention : CBCT scans of the maxilla were taken six months before and six months after the alveolar bone-grafting surgery for each patient. Main Outcome Measures : Canine eruption (angulation and vertical movement) and canine development (length and volume). Results : There was a significant difference pre- and post-operatively of the canine angulation between the cleft and non-cleft sides. The mean angulation on the cleft side was 14.7° (SD = 11.1°) while on the non-cleft side, it was 4.9° (SD = 9.2°). No significant differences were noted between cleft-side and non-cleft side canines in terms of amount of vertical eruption and volumetric development. Absence of the lateral incisor did not significantly contribute to either canine angulation or its vertical eruption on the cleft-side. Conclusion : Higher angulation of the canine on the cleft side indicates a higher risk of future canine impaction. Presence or absence of the lateral incisor did not significantly affect canine angulation or its vertical eruption. Increased age and children born with total cleft lip and palate imply a higher risk of angulated canines on the cleft side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background context. Dental implants are designed to replace a missing tooth. Implant stability is vital to achieving osseointegration and successful implantation. Although there are many implants available on the market, there is room for improvement. Purpose. We describe a new dental implant with improved primary stability features. Study design. Lab bench test studies. Methods. We evaluated the new implant using static and flexion–compression fatigue tests with compression loads, 35 Ncm tightening torque, displacement control, 0.01 mm/s actuator movement speed, and 9–10 Hz load application frequency, obtaining a cyclic load diagram. We applied variable cyclic loadings of predetermined amplitude and recorded the number of cycles until failure. The test ended with implant failure (breakage or permanent deformation) or reaching five million cycles for each load. Results. Mean stiffness was 1151.13 ± 133.62 SD N/mm, mean elastic limit force 463.94 ± 75.03 SD N, and displacement 0.52 ± 0.04 SD mm, at failure force 663.21 ± 54.23 SD N and displacement 1.56 ± 0.18 SD mm, fatigue load limit 132.6 ± 10.4 N, and maximum bending moment 729.3 ± 69.43 mm/N. Conclusions. The implant fatigue limit is satisfactory for incisor and canine teeth and between the values for premolars and molars for healthy patients. The system exceeds five million cycles when subjected to a 132.60 N load, ensuring long-lasting life against loads below the fatigue limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Unknown etiology Background: Dental anomalies are common congenital disturbances that can occur as single findings or as components of specific syndromes. Primary bi-rooted canine teeth are rare dental anomalies that are more common in the maxilla. It is unusual for a child to have a bi-rooted maxillary canine, as this tooth is known for having a single long root, more than twice the length of the crown. The present report describes the extraction of a bi-rooted primary maxillary canine tooth in a 9-year-old Saudi boy. The report aims to contribute to a better understanding of the possible etiological factors of these rare conditions as well as to review the data available so far in the literature. Case Report: A 9-year-old Saudi boy presented to the clinic for an initial visit. The patient was medically fit. The chief complaint was "I have pain in my upper front left region". A thorough oral examination revealed that the upper left primary canine was carious. The panoramic radiograph showed that the former tooth was bi-rooted. The tooth was claimed to be non-restorable. Thus, we planned for extraction. The tooth was extracted in the subsequent visit. Conclusions: The presence of bi-rooted primary canines is rare. Dentists should always assess the presence of any dental abnormality. Panoramic radiographs may give an initial sign of the existence of abnormal bi-rooted teeth, and the abnormality can be confirmed by taking intraoral radiographs. Although the data availability in the literature is limited, ethnicity and gender seem to have an impact on its prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Define the color of anterior teeth of a selected population and correlate it (by using coverage error [CE] and the frequency of best match) with the final color of all possible enamel‐dentine combinations of three different resin composite systems. Materials and methods: Color of 636 vital unrestored anterior teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors and canines; n = 212) and disk specimens (12 mm diameter, varying thickness) corresponding to enamel‐dentin combinations of all available enamel (0.5 mm and 1.0 mm thickness) and dentin shades (3.0 mm thickness) of Essentia, Enamel Plus HRi and IPS Empress Direct composite systems was measured using a clinical dental spectrophotometer (Spectroshade Micro). CE and frequency of best match for all composite systems were calculated for the measured in‐vivo teeth color space. Results: Natural in‐vivo teeth exhibit higher lightness when compared to enamel‐dentin composite combinations, independently of the enamel thickness used. The best (lowest) CE was found for IPS Empress, while the highest values were found for Enamel Plus Hri independently of tooth type and enamel thickness (p < 0.001). The use of 0.5 mm instead of 1.0 mm enamel thickness within enamel‐dentin composite combinations resulted in a lower CE for in‐vivo tooth color (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The color space defined by all possible enamel‐dentin combinations of the studied resin composite systems does not fully match the color range of anterior teeth. All composite systems examined lack combinations with lightness values as high as the population's. IPS Empress Direct composite system represented better the in‐vivo teeth color. Clinical significance: The use of 0.5 mm enamel shade thickness is suggested when building layered restorations, as it provided better color coverage than using 1.0 mm thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to design and fabricate a customized multi-rooted dental implant (MRDI) for a canine strategic tooth to reduce surgical time/effort, and better assembly features, leading to enhanced primary and secondary stability and load-bearing capabilities by direct-metal laser sintering (DMLS). Design/methodology/approach: A fractured tooth of a male German Shepherd three-year-old dog (extracted from a cadaver) was selected as the subject for the proposed work. The computer-aided design model of the implant was developed on SOLIDWORKS after a detailed review of literature and consultation with a veterinary doctor about the surgical procedures. Static stress analysis on the implant assembly and residual stress analysis with boundary distortion were performed on each part of the implant subassembly to ensure the fool-proof design. Findings: The functional prototype of the innovative MRDI assembly through DMLS was successfully prepared with acceptable dimensional stability, surface roughness (Ra) and refined microstructure. The 3D printed functional prototype was observed to be residual stress-proof during printing and can bear up to 800 N bite force (required for an adult dog). Originality/value: Innovative MRDI assembly has been 3D printed by using 17–4 precipitate hardened stainless steel without compromising the strength and can be implanted without bone grafting for better primary stability. Also, the prepared implant will be better for secondary stability due to enhanced osseointegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This orthodontic case report highlights the unpredictable behaviour of ectopic maxillary permanent canines. An 11-year-old male patient had bilateral ectopic maxillary canine teeth that were in high positions and initially left in situ and monitored. During orthodontic treatment, there was rapid spontaneous eruption of both teeth with resulting resorption to an adjacent lateral incisor. This case report details the clinical findings and progress of treatment and management. A review of the literature reinforces the importance of maintaining regular radiographic review to assess for migration of ectopic teeth, and to ensure appropriate treatment planning and assessment of potential complications. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report highlights the need for regular radiographic review of impacted canines in younger patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The tooth is composed of three mineralized tissues: enamel, dentin, and cementum. Micro-computed tomography (mCT) is an imaging technology based on X-rays that allows non-invasive morphological and quantitative analysis. The present work aimed to determine the relative mineral density (MD) of the feline tooth using mCT. The studied sample consisted of nine canines extracted from European Shorthair cats due to medical indication. These teeth were evaluated through dental radiography and, using mCT, the values of MD of the root of each tooth and of specific segments corresponding to the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root were determined. Mean MD of root tissues was 1.374 ± 0040 g·cm−3, and of hard root tissues 1.402 ± 0.035 g·cm−3. The study of MD could become an ancillary method for the diagnosis and characterization of dental pathology. The tooth is made up of three mineralized tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, which surround a non-mineralized tissue called the dental pulp. Micro-computed tomography (mCT) is an imaging technology based on X-rays that allows non-invasive visualization of objects at a microscopic scale, according to their radiopacity and in three dimensions (3D). Likewise, it allows the subsequent execution of morphological and quantitative analysis of the objects, such as, for example, the determination of the relative mineral density (MD). The present work aimed to describe the MD of feline teeth using mCT. The studied sample consisted of four European Shorthair cats, from which nine canine teeth were extracted per medical indication. These teeth were evaluated through dental radiography before and after their extraction. Using mCT and the CTAn software, the values of the relative mineral density of the root of each tooth and of specific segments corresponding to the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root were determined. Mean MD of root tissues was 1.374 ± 0040 g·cm−3, and of hard root, tissues was 1.402 ± 0.035 g·cm−3. Through mCT, it was possible to determine the mean MD values of feline canine teeth. The study of MD could become an ancillary method for the diagnosis and characterization of dental pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 4‐year‐old, male, neutered pug was referred for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome evaluation. The patient had a history of exercise and warm weather intolerance, causing chronic clinical signs of nasal discharge and reverse sneezing. A computed tomography scan revealed an unerupted tooth within the left nasal cavity and rostral left nasal meatus with an associated cystic lesion, extending to the right side, causing complete obstruction of the nasal passage. The left maxillary canine tooth (204) was surgically extracted, and the surrounding cystic lining was extirpated. Histopathology identified the structure as a dentigerous cyst, with complete tissue margins, supporting a reduced likelihood of local recurrence. After 7 months, the patient had significantly improved and had no further episodes of nasal discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. A frequently reported phenomenon associated with impacted maxillary canines is root resorption (RR) of the adjacent teeth. The reported incidence of RR also depends on the radiographic imaging method used. The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between two radiographic methods: panoramic imaging (orthopantomogram -- OPT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), in diagnosing contact between the impacted canine with the adjacent teeth and the existence of their resorption. Methods. The study included 64 subjects aged 12 to 33 years, with 80 impacted maxillary canines not orthodontically treated previously. Positions of impacted maxillary canines and possible RR of adjacent teeth were firstly estimated on the OPT and then on the CBCT. Results. The estimated prevalence of RR of permanent teeth was significantly different concerning the estimation of OPT and CBCT imaging. RR of the adjacent teeth was found in 25% of the OPT but in 66.25% of the CBCT. The lateral incisor was the tooth most commonly affected by RR. It is especially important to emphasize that premolar resorption was not detected at all using OPT. Conclusion. There was a highly significant difference between OPT and CBCT analysis concerning the relationship between the impacted canine and adjacent teeth and their possible resorptions. CBCT is a more accurate and precise examination method compared to OPT for determining the localization of impacted teeth and the possible presence of RR in the adjacent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The injectable composite resin technique is an indirect/direct method that uses a transparent silicone index for accurate and predictable translation of a diagnostic wax-up into composite restorations without the need for tooth preparation. This case report involves a 22-year-old man who presented with esthetic and functional problems associated with diastemas and insuf- ficient tooth visibility. Clinical examination revealed inadequate canine guidance in lateral excursion. The treatment plan included the fabrication of composite veneers for the maxillary incisors and canines. A wax-up was prepared by simulation of functional movements on an articulator, and a transparent silicone index was prepared after checking a mock-up in the oral cavity. The teeth were restored with flowable composite injected and polymerized through the transparent silicone index. The conventional technique was modified by cutting the silicone index at the gingival margin, using individual mock-ups as space holders, and the use of gingival retraction cords. The final outcomes were elongated teeth for increased visibility, closed diastemas, and reshaped canines for adequate guidance in lateral excursion. A protective splint for night-time wear was fabricated and delivered to ensure long-term stability. The patient did not exhibit any soft tissue inflammation or significant wear during a 24-month follow-up period. The technique described is minimally invasive and inexpensive, and it can be used for definitive as well as translational restorations. The treatment goals are to establish adequate function and esthetics, with advantages including minimal tooth structure loss and cost- effectiveness. Stable and predictable results can be achieved with proper planning and a careful workflow. (Quintessence Int 2019;50: 712--719; doi: 10.3290/j.qi.a43089) index at the gingival margin, using individual mock-ups as space holders, and the use of gingival retraction cords. The final outcomes were elongated teeth for increased visibility, closed diastemas, and reshaped canines for adequate guidance in lateral excursion. A protective splint for night-time wear was fabricated and delivered to ensure long-term stability. The patient did not exhibit any soft tissue inflammation or significant wear during a 24-month follow-up period. The technique described is minimally invasive and inexpensive, and it can be used for definitive as well as translational restorations. The treatment goals are to establish adequate function and esthetics, with advantages including minimal tooth structure loss and cost- effectiveness. Stable and predictable results can be achieved with proper planning and a careful workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report describes alveolar ridge augmentation around a hopeless maxillary canine with severe buccal gingival recession and periodontitis using orthodontic extrusion and a 90-degree buccal root torque in preparation for implant placement. After the orthodontic therapy, the palatal surface of the canine root reached the top of the alveolar bone, parallel to the occlusal plane, with newly formed bone and keratinized mucosa. An implant was successfully placed without combined bone augmentation. This technique may be a useful, minimally invasive approach for implant site development where hopeless teeth with severe buccal recession remain in the esthetic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of bone loss on peri-implant bending strain underneath overdentures. Materials and Methods: One mandibular and one maxillary edentulous model were created and covered with 2 to 4 mm of silicone rubber to simulate the oral mucosa. Four strain gauges were attached to four sides of each implant. In the mandibular model, two implants were inserted, and the implant was placed bilaterally in the area between the mandibular canines and lateral incisors. A maxillary conventional denture and mandibular overdenture were fabricated with acrylic resin to fit the edentulous models. Five bone loss levels were created: no bone loss, 0.8 mm bone loss on only the left implant, 0.8 mm bone loss bilaterally, 1.5 mm bone loss on only the left implant, and 1.5 mm bone loss bilaterally. Magnetic attachments were used to retain the denture. The bending strains generated from three types of unilateral loading were measured by a sensor interface, and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Results: Bending strain increased with decreasing bone levels on the loading side. On the nonloading side, bending strains were greater at even bone loss (0.8 mm or 1.5 mm bone loss bilaterally) than at uneven bone loss (0.8 mm or 1.5 mm bone loss on only the left implant). Strains under loading at the left first premolar were approximately equal to that under loading with a cotton roll; these strains were higher than those generated with loading at the left first molar. Conclusion: Peri-implant bending strains rapidly increased on the loading side as bone loss levels increased. Peri-implant bending strains on the nonloading side were higher at bilaterally even bone loss than at unilateral bone loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of different loading protocols (immediate or delayed) on bone volume remodeling of an immediate implant-supported single crown in the maxilla with a follow-up from 2 to 3 years. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting a failing tooth were rehabilitated with implant-supported single crowns. Data of patients with a survey from 2 to 3 years after baseline surgery were retrospectively acquired. One implant per patient was randomly selected during data analysis and assigned to one of two predictor groups: the loading protocol, 9 immediate vs 13 delayed loading; and tooth position, 9 incisors vs 9 canines. Cumulative survival rates were recorded; loss of crestal bone volume was assessed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) by means of software that superimposed the preoperative and postoperative CBCT scan data (Matrix Laboratory) and by dentascan software. Results: Twenty-two patients were enrolled. No postoperative complications or implant failures were recorded. Bone volume loss from the 2- to 3-year follow-up period ranged between 19.1% and 22.0%, without significant differences between the two loading protocols. Irrespective of the tooth site, intragroup analyses revealed the presence of significant differences between preoperative and postoperative time evaluations for all the analyzed groups and subgroups. Volumes at baseline (ranging between 0.546 and 0.553 mL) recorded significant loss of approximately 110 mm³ (P values ≤ .0001) for both loading protocols. The volume at the postoperative evaluation ranged between 0.428 and 0.442 cm³. Considering tooth site in the analysis, the subgroups showed similar behaviors at the crestal bone level. However, bone loss at the apex of the implant appeared to be lower for incisors than canines. Conclusion: This study attested that the loss of crestal bone around an immediate implant-supported single crown depended on neither the loading protocol nor the tooth site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen matrices (CMs) could be used instead of connective tissue grafts (CTGs) for treatment of gingival recession (GR). The authors aimed to compare clinical outcomes after treatment of isolated GR affecting both maxillary canines of 10 patients (n = 10) with CM (OsteoBiol Derma) or CTG in conjunction with coronally advanced flap. After 12 months, CM and CTG showed complete correction in 7/10 and 10/10 of sites, respectfully, and percentage of root coverage was 85% ± 24% and 100%, respectively. For treatment of isolated GR, CM is a viable alternative to CTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preorthodontic socket preservation after tooth extraction is intended to enhance favorable dentoalveolar ridge morphology and architecture, and facilitate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and extraction space closure. This 13-year-old skeletal Class II case presents a unique opportunity to evaluate and compare the OTM extraction space closure by means of a splitmouth analysis in a single patient. The comprehensive orthodontic- periodontal treatment included nonsimultaneous extraction of the bilateral periodontally compromised mandibular first molars and the eruption of bilateral impacted mandibular canines. While the right post-extraction space underwent a natural healing process, the left one was grafted using 4BONE BCH (hydroxyapatite ß-tricalcium phosphate [HA-ß-TCP], HA 60%, and ß-TCP 40%). The 3-year multidisciplinary treatment approach resulted in Class I relationships on the right side and Class II on the left side, improved facial appearance, and dentoskeletal jaw relationships. However, a 3-mm residual alveolar space remained unclosed on the grafted left-site, along with an unerupted left third molar. This split-mouth comparative analysis of the orthodontic space closure demonstrated a significant clinical difference in the outcome. Preorthodontic placement of HA-ß-TCP grafting material on the left segment, proved to be an obstacle for OTM extraction space closure, hindering the establishment of good occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this preclinical study was to investigate the effect of biologic aging of implants on osseointegration in the canine. According to multiple comparisons, there was a significant difference in bone-to-implant contact (BIC) between control implants placed 6 months after manufacture and 2-week-old implants (P = .016), and between control and newly prepared implants with acid-etching (P = .019). However, there was no significant difference in BIC between newly prepared implants with acid-etching and 2-week-old implants. In all groups, BIC at 12 weeks was significantly higher than at week 4 (P < .05). There were no significant differences in bone volume (BV) regardless of area and time. Biologic aging of implants might affect osseointegration in the bone marrow zone at 4 weeks of healing. Although implant aging did not greatly affect BIC and BV at 12 weeks of healing in this study, further research is required to determine an appropriate period of biologic aging of implants that yields significant clinical effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of labial implant inclination on the retention and stability of different resilient stud attachments for mandibular implant overdentures. Materials and Methods: Four identical mandibular edentulous acrylic resin models were fabricated. For each model, two implants were inserted at the canine areas with different degrees of labial inclination: 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees. Four experimental overdentures were fabricated over the models and fitted to the implants using resilient stud attachments. Regular retentive inserts (extra-light, light, and medium retention) were used for all implant inclinations, and extended-range inserts (extra-light and medium retention) were used for 30-degree inclination only. Vertical (retention) and oblique (stability) dislodging forces (lateral, anterior, and posterior) were evaluated initially (initial retention) and after overdenture insertion and removal (final retention). Results: After repeated insertions and removals, 30-degree inclination recorded the highest retention and lateral stability, and 0 degrees recorded the highest posterior stability; 20 degrees showed the lowest retention, and 30 degrees recorded the lowest posterior stability. The highest stability and retention values were recorded with light and medium regular inserts, and the lowest values were noted with extra-light regular inserts. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, moderate labial implant inclination (10 degrees and 20 degrees) was shown to negatively affect retention and anterior/lateral stability, and excessive implant inclination (30 degrees) to negatively affect posterior stability. When implants are inclined labially, it is recommended to use light and medium regular stud attachments to obtain high levels of retention and stability for two-implant--retained overdentures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different bar designs on the retention forces of implant-retained maxillary overdentures. Materials and Methods: A maxillary edentulous acrylic resin model without alveolar undercut was fabricated. Four implant analogs were placed in the canine and second premolar regions. Overdentures were made and attached to the analogs with Dolder bar, Hader bar, and milled bar attachments. A universal testing machine was used to measure axial (resistance to vertical displacement) and nonaxial (resistance to anterior, posterior, and lateral displacement) retention forces (in Newtons). Measurements were made at the start of the experiment (initial retention) and after 540 cycles of denture insertion and removal to simulate 6 months of clinical function (final retention). Results: Hader bar had the highest retention after insertions and removals, and Dolder bar had the lowest retention. Vertical displacement showed the highest retention for Dolder and milled bars, and posterior displacement showed the highest retention for Hader bar. Lateral displacement recorded the lowest retention for all bar designs. No significant difference in axial retention loss was observed between different bar designs. Dolder bar showed the highest nonaxial retention loss, and milled bar showed the lowest retention loss. Conclusion: Hader bar is recommended to retain maxillary implant overdentures, as it was associated with higher axial and nonaxial retention compared with Dolder and milled bars after 6 months of simulated denture wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The letter discusses the need for further discussions regarding the current criteria used for diagnosing molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Despite the condition being defined over 22 years ago, there is still limited understanding of its causes. The authors argue that the lack of standardized diagnosis and calibration criteria, as well as the multifactorial nature of the defect, contribute to this limited understanding. They highlight the introduction of various diagnosis criteria, with one set of criteria being widely recognized and recommended by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. However, the authors suggest that these criteria may exclude certain manifestations of MIH, potentially leading to an underestimation of the defect and influencing our understanding of its prevalence, causes, and treatment. They call for a reassessment of the criteria and further discussions within the scientific community. [Extracted from the article]

This study led to the development of a variational autoencoder (VAE) for estimating the chronological age of subjects using feature values extracted from their teeth. Further, it determined how given teeth images affected the estimation accuracy. The developed VAE was trained with the first molar and canine tooth images, and a parallel VAE structure was further constructed to extract common features shared by the two types of teeth more effectively. The encoder of the VAE was combined with a regression model to estimate the age. To determine which parts of the tooth images were more or less important when estimating age, a method of visualizing the obtained regression coefficient using the decoder of the VAE was developed. The developed age estimation model was trained using data from 910 individuals aged 10–79. This model showed a median absolute error (MAE) of 6.99 years, demonstrating its ability to estimate age accurately. Furthermore, this method of visualizing the influence of particular parts of tooth images on the accuracy of age estimation using a decoder is expected to provide novel insights for future research on explainable artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this research, a descriptive and analytical literature review was conducted on the management of retained teeth in oral medicine. Information was gathered from various scientific sources to examine the causes, complications, and treatment options related to this clinical condition. Material and method: The importance of early diagnosis was highlighted, and a clinical case of a patient with a retained canine treated surgically was presented. Statistics and Result: The use of surgical and orthodontic approaches in the management of retained teeth, as well as post-surgical recommendations, were discussed. The research provides clear and precise guidelines for oral medicine professionals in addressing this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the methodology of the "L‐shape" technique in guided bone regeneration (GBR) with simultaneous implant placement and report on the clinical, esthetic, and patient satisfaction outcomes up to 14 years of follow‐up. Material and methods: Fourteen patients treated with the "L‐shape" technique were included in this retrospective study. The L‐shape technique was performed by trimming and placing a soft‐type bone block made of deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen at the buccal‐occlusal aspect of the dental implant. The remaining gaps were filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral granules and the augmented area was covered with a collagen membrane. The following parameters were recorded: probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), keratinized tissue width (KT) and marginal bone level (MBL). Esthetic outcomes were assessed according to the pink esthetic score (PES) and the white esthetic score (WES). Patient satisfaction was evaluated by means of a numerical rating scale (0–10). The stability of each augmented site was assessed by measuring the volumetric changes between baseline (crown delivery) and the respective follow‐up. Results: A total of 13 maxillary incisors and one maxillary canine in 14 patients were included. The mean follow‐up period was 7.7 ± 3.8 years. PES values amounted to 10.7 ± 3.3 and WES to 8.8 ± 1.4. Patient satisfaction reached 9.4 ± 0.8. Mean PD at implant sites were 2.7 ± 0.7 mm while BOP amounted to 15.0 ± 0.2% and Pl to 5.0 ± 0.0%. Volumetric analyses revealed minimal changes at the augmented sites irrespective of the region of interest. Radiographic MBL remained relatively stable. Conclusions: Within the limitation of the present study the L‐shape augmentation procedure seems to be a reliable technique when performing GBR with simultaneous implant placement in the esthetic zone. Outcomes encompassed stable clinical and esthetic results accompanied by high levels of patient satisfaction. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm possible benefits of the L‐shape technique over traditional approaches. Clinical significance: The L‐shape appears to be a simple yet promising technique in GBR with simultaneous implant placement that can easily be translated into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Camel-related vascular injuries may have a poor clinical outcome due to the complexity of the biomechanism of injury. • Although the skin injuries of camel bites are small, the long canine teeth of a camel can penetrate deeply. • The elongated jaws of the camel having strong masseter muscles increases the strength of the bite grip of the canine teeth. • The carotid is the most common injured artery because the camel can have a strong grip on the thin regions of its victims like the neck. • Neck wounds of camel bites can be closed primarily after debridement. Majority of human animal-related injuries in the United Arab Emirates are caused by camels. These may involve major vessels and can be life-threatening. We aimed to study the biomechanism, injured regions, management, and outcome of major camel-related human vascular injuries. We retrospectively studied all patients who were admitted to Al-Ain Hospital with camel-related major vascular injury during January 2001 to January 2020. Studied variables included demography, mechanism of injury, injured structures, clinical presentation, vital signs on arrival, associated injuries, surgical management, ICU stay, length of hospital stay, complications, and outcome. Seven patients were studied; all were males having a median age of 26 years. Five out of six bite injuries (83%) occured during the camel rutting season. The injuries were severe and life-threatening. A camel bite causes four small elliptical wounds of the canine teeth which resembles two stab wounds of 8 cm long, penetrating deeply and injuring major vessels. Four involved the carotid artery, one the femoral artery and vein, one the external iliac vein and one the aorta which was due to a fall from a camel. Although the standard of surgical care was high, the outcome was poor. Six patients were admitted to the ICU for a median of 5 days. One patient died, one became vegetative, and one had arm paralysis. Major camel-related vascular injuries have a poor clinical outcome. This is related to the biomechanism of injury which combines penetrating, crushing and blunt trauma. Neck wounds of camel bites can be closed primarily after debridement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose sex-specific reference values for the clinical crown height of anterior teeth and canines. In this cross-sectional study, 1426 teeth were analysed from 169 undergraduate and postgraduate dental students (83 women and 86 men, median age 22 years). Teeth with worn or totally restored incisal edges, or gingival inflammation were excluded. Age, gender and body height were recorded and the degree of tooth wear was scored according to the quantification module of the Tooth Wear Evaluation System. The clinical crown heights of all anterior teeth and canines were measured from the gingival margin to the incisal edge with a digital calliper. Reference values for tooth groups were obtained at the percentiles 10, and expressed by sex if there was a significant difference between men and women. Mean crown heights were bigger in men than in women for each tooth group (p =.028). Clinical crown heights showed sexual dimorphism at the 10th percentiles for all tooth groups except for mandibular anterior teeth. For assessing tooth wear, the sex-specific reference values for the clinical crown height of young adults Caucasoids range from 7.5 mm to 9.0 mm in women and from 7.5 mm to 9.5 in men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Pulse oximetry (PO) is an effective method of dental pulp status monitorization but still lacks practical implementation in dentistry, as well as clear reference values for different tooth types. The study's aim was to investigate the age-related variation of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) from the dental pulp during different stages of tooth development in all types of primary and permanent teeth of children. (2) Methods: The pulps of 600 healthy primary and permanent teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) of patients aged 2–15 years were tested with an adapted PO device, and the results were statistically analyzed; (3) Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between open-apex and closed-apex teeth and between the canines and other tooth types in both primary and permanent dentitions. (4) Conclusions: Values of SpO2 tended to decrease with age progression in both primary and permanent dentitions. Enamel and dentine thickness and their optical properties and the shape and volume of coronal pulp, which differed among tooth types, seemed to have some influence on the reading as well. The study indicates that factors such as the root development and the tooth type must be taken into account when establishing reference SpO2 values for the dental pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) can be misdiagnosed as a lesion of endodontic origin when it is in close proximity to the periradicular tissue, and pulp sensibility tests are indispensable for differential diagnosis. However, when the adjacent teeth are necrotic or already endodontically treated, diagnosis becomes challenging. In this case report, a maxillary canine with an inadequate root canal treatment was considered as the source of an endodontic infection. Eight months after the retreatment, the patient sought treatment for a buccal intraoral swelling and a deep periodontal pocket and was referred for cone-beam computed tomography with a provisional diagnosis of a vertical root fracture. The tomography revealed an extensive lesion buccally to the roots of the canine and the adjacent vital lateral incisor. An unusual extended external resorption of the root of the vital lateral incisor was also evident. This finding shifted the diagnostic thinking toward a lesion of nonendodontic origin. The lesion was surgically enucleated, and the histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of a COC. Clinicians always must bear in mind the chance of a nonendodontic lesion masquerading as a lesion of endodontic origin. Cone-beam computed tomography should be considered in cases of doubt or in lesions refractory to endodontic treatment, as it can provide information on the clinicopathologic features of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences is the property of Turkiye Klinikleri and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Implantologie is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Gender identification from the skeletal remains is an important part and procedure of forensic sciences. In forensic investigations the tooth especially canine gives excellent evidence in determining the gender because of many physical characters of it. Sexual dimorphism of mandibular canine provides an immense usage in forensic investigation. The aim of the study was to assess the dimensions of mandibular canines, as an adjunctive tool in determination of gender and dimorphism pertaining to the age group of 21-32 years. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 80 subjects in general population (40 males and 40 females). Following parameters were considered in the study; mesiodistal width of right and left mandibular canine, intercanine arch width and right and left MCI. All the measurements were taken on dental casts and tabulated for statistical analysis. Results Mesiodistal dimension and intercanine values were utilised to determine the mean for the right and left mandibular canine. Assessment of the Standard Mandibular canine index showed more sexual dimorphism with right mandibular canine. Summary and Conclusions The accuracy of determining gender using the mesiodistal parameter of mandibular canine turns out to be satisfactory and justifies usage as tool in forensic sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the discussion on advanced prosthodontics. Topics include guide for clinical prosthodontics containing chapters like master level occlusion, full mouth rehabilitation, porcelain veneers, table top prostheses, implant dentistry, digital dentistry; and guide consisting of primary and intermediate shade tabs to help improve the accuracy of shade selection.

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to describe a soft-tissue augmentation procedure for multiple tooth extraction sites during immediate placement and immediate loading (IPIL) dental implant surgery in periodontally compromised patients and to present follow‑up results of its effectiveness. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on data from patients who underwent IPIL dental implant surgery between 2018 and 2021 at an oral implant centre in Bulgaria. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 103 patients were included, 53 of whom had pre‑operative indications for connective tissue grafts (CTGs) and 50 of whom did not. The post‑operative incidence of gum recession was evaluated in the two patient groups. Results: The majority of the 53 patients (56.60%) had six, seven or eight tooth sites grafted. A significant proportion (87%) needed CTGs at the canine teeth (13 and 23), P < 0.001. The post-operative data showed a low incidence of gum recessions in both the patient groups, with a lower rate in the CTG group at tooth no: 13 (2.20% vs. 18%, P = 0.016) and in the total sum of 10 tooth sites with CTGs (P = 0.001). A reduction in gum problems and increased satisfaction with gum health and aesthetics were reported by 100% of the CTG patients. Discussion: Soft‑tissue augmentation at multiple tooth extraction sites during IPIL dental implant treatment may benefit periodontally compromised patients through an improved prosthesis–tissue interface in the aesthetic area and a reduction in gum infections, swelling, bleeding and pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This in-vitro study aimed to compare dynamic navigation guidance (DNG) to the freehand method for exposure of palatally impacted canines. Materials and Methods Eighteen models with bilaterally palatally impacted canines were fabricated from resin. The models were scanned, and canine exposure was planned on CBCT by either traditional or DNG approach by randomizing the method and side. The time to plan, prepare, and drill was recorded. The Initial and final size of the osteotomy was measured. Time and osteotomy sizes were compared by jaw and method using two-way ANOVA. Results Thirty-six teeth were exposed evenly distributed between techniques. The total volume for initial and final osteotomy was assessed. The preparation time was significantly longer for the DNG, on average 10:07 (min:sec) compared to 3:19 for freehand (p<.0001). The time to locate the tooth was significantly different on the left side, with DNG taking approximately two minutes longer than freehand (2:03; p=.0423) but did not differ significantly on the right side (16.78s longer for freehand; p=.9809). The time to finish the procedure did not vary significantly based on the method (p=0.8342) or side of the model (p=.3441). The total time was significantly longer for DNG (7:48; p<.0001). The initial osteotomy was marginally significantly smaller for DNG on the right side by an average of 7.25mm3 (p=.1520). The difference on the left side was insignificant (0.81, p=0.9933). The total volume removed did not differ significantly between the two methods (p=0.88851) or on the side (p=0.7582). Conclusion DNG can be used for canine exposure; however, the method requires longer preparation and operation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose was to determine the predictability of tooth movements through clear aligner among premolar extraction patients and to explore the effects of various factors on tooth movements. Methods: A total of 31 extraction patients (10 males and 20 females; age 14–44) receiving clear aligner treatment (Invisalign) were enrolled in this study. The actual post-treatment models and pre-treatment models were superimposed using the palatal area as a reference and registered with virtual post-treatment models. A paired t test was used to compare the differences between actual and designed tooth movements of maxillary first molars, canines, and central incisors. A multivariate linear mixed model was performed to examine the influence of variables on actual tooth movements. Results: Compared to the designed tooth movements, the following undesirable tooth movements occurred: mesial movement (2.2 mm), mesial tipping (5.4°), and intrusion (0.45 mm) of first molars; distal tipping (11.0°), lingual tipping (4.4°), and distal rotation of canines (4.9°); lingual tipping (10.6°) and extrusion (1.5 mm) of incisors. Age, crowding, mini-implant, overbite, and attachments have differential effects on actual tooth movements. Moreover, vertical rectangular attachments on canines are beneficial in achieving more predictable canine and incisor tooth movements over optimized attachments. Lingual tipping and extrusion of incisors were significantly influenced by the interaction effects between incisor power ridge and different canine attachments (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Incisors, canines, and first molars are subject to unwanted tooth movements with clear aligners among premolar extraction patients. Age, crowding, mini-implant, overbite, and attachments influence actual tooth movements. Moreover, vertical rectangular attachments on canines are beneficial in achieving more predictable incisor tooth movements over optimized canine attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiographic methods using pulp-tooth volume ratio (PTVR) are important for dental age estimation. According to previous studies, using PTVR possesses different relationships with age in males and females but none of the studies have used a homogenous (approximately equal numbers of individuals in each age range) age distribution to assess this relationship and the effect of sex as a predictor on age estimation. This study was performed on Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)images of 521 left maxillary and 681 left mandibular canines of 719 subjects of Pakistani origin (368 females and 349 males) aged from 15 to 65 years. Planmeca Romexis® software was used to trace the outline of the pulp cavity and tooth and to calculate respective volumes. Subsequently, Microsoft® Office Excel 2016 was used to calculate the ratios. Regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between PTVR factoring sex as apredictor for age estimation. The obtained results showed that including sex as predictor with maxillary PTVR (R2 = 0.46) have the highest predictive power. The relationship between maxillary PTVR including sex with chronological age demonstrates anon-linear relationship. The conclusion is that including sex as predictor with maxillary PTVR produced the best estimate of chronological age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental implantation is a tendency treatment for teeth lesions in small animal medicine. Canine teeth damage is the most common clinical injury for small animals. The aim of this study is to investigate appropriate angles for clinical canine teeth implantation. In this study, we built a simple mandibular model according to the measured oral indexes of five beagle dogs. Three-dimensional finite element analysis for the comparisons of different canine dental implant angles (30 °-80 °) in a local bone block model were performed. The maximum equivalent elastic strain and the maximum equivalent stress for different planting angles were next compared. As for the results, the peak equivalent stress of the implant ranges was from 132.11 to 277.81 MPa between 30 °-80 °, with the peak equivalent strain from 774.96 to 1676.50 bone strain, under the average bite force (256 N). 66 ° is the best angle for dog canine dental implantation, with a 132.11 MPa of peak equivalent stress and 744.96 peak bone strain under 256 N bite force. The acceptable angle range of oblique implantation of dog canines can be 47 °-80 ° (200-1000 bone strains). However, for a maximum bite force (1394 N), any implantation may contribute pathological changes for alveolar bone (greater than 3000 bone strain). Our study provides a reference for appropriate clinical canine teeth implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to identify a mesiodistal algorithm for multiple posterior implant placement based upon an ideal prosthetically restoration design. Methods: One hundred one cases of posterior free‐end edentulous arches were selected for digital crown designs and measurements. Cone bean computed tomogram and digital fabricated crown were applied. DICOM files were exported to a viewer software (BlueSkyPlan4) to generate digital crown and measurement. The mesiodistal space between roots of adjacent teeth and center of the potential implant horizontally, from both cross‐section and coronal plane were measured. Comparisons were performed using t‐tests. Results: No significant difference was found in the distances of the maxillary and mandibular posterior implants to adjacent natural teeth (p > 0.05). For interdental/implant distances, premolars are around 4.2 mm and molars are 5.4 mm, correspondently. The second premolar interimplant distance is around 7–7.4 mm. The distance of interimplant of the first molar is about 8–8.5 mm. For the maxillary second molar, the interimplant distance is 9.26 ± 0.29 mm and the mandibular second molar interimplant distance is 9.58 ± 0.19 mm, which is significantly different. No difference was found between the two different measurement methods. Conclusion: A mesiodistal algorithm of 4–4.6 (implant to adjacent canine tooth), 7–7.4, 8–8.5, and 9–9.5 mm was recommended for interimplant/tooth distance from first premolar to second molar when placing implants with or without case‐specific prosthetic planning prior to surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prediction of the mesiodistal crown width of unerupted canines and premolars in mixed dentition analysis is crucial. When Tanaka-Johnston's equations, the most popular approach, are applied to diverse ethnic groups, their accuracy is questioned. Aim: To derive a new regression equation of mixed dentition space analysis for predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars teeth among paediatric population of Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted in two phases. The study design for First phase is observational and second phase is interventional. Dental study casts of 400 patients aged 11-18 years will be selected in the first phase. A Digital Vernier Caliper (DVC) will be used to measure the mesiodistal crown dimension of all erupted permanent teeth up to first molar. Between four mandibular incisors and the caninepremolar segments of both arches, correlation and linear regression equations will be created. In the second phase, 30 children aged 6-11 years will be randomly selected. Analysis of Tanaka-Johnston's equations, Huckaba GW equation and the proposed equation will be compared and further statistical analysis will be carried out. Results: New derived regression equation will allow the closer prediction of the size of unerupted canines and premolars in the paediatric population of Wardha. Conclusion: This new equation will allow an accurate prediction of the width of unerupted canines and premolars at an earlier age in the said population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Prediction of the mesiodistal crown width of unerupted canines and premolars in mixed dentition analysis is crucial. When Tanaka-Johnston's equations, the most popular approach, are applied to diverse ethnic groups, their accuracy is questioned. Aim: To derive a new regression equation of mixed dentition space analysis for predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars teeth among paediatric population of Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted in two phases. The study design for First phase is observational and second phase is interventional. Dental study casts of 400 patients aged 11-18 years will be selected in the first phase. A Digital Vernier Caliper (DVC) will be used to measure the mesiodistal crown dimension of all erupted permanent teeth up to first molar. Between four mandibular incisors and the caninepremolar segments of both arches, correlation and linear regression equations will be created. In the second phase, 30 children aged 6-11 years will be randomly selected. Analysis of Tanaka-Johnston's equations, Huckaba GW equation and the proposed equation will be compared and further statistical analysis will be carried out. Results: New derived regression equation will allow the closer prediction of the size of unerupted canines and premolars in the paediatric population of Wardha. Conclusion: This new equation will allow an accurate prediction of the width of unerupted canines and premolars at an earlier age in the said population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of impacted canine teeth is a challenge for most clinicians, especially in adult patients with high risk of ankylosis. Conventionally, leveling and alignment of the teeth are first performed and after heavy arch wire placement in slot of brackets, de-impaction force is applied. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as inability to detect ankylosis of the impacted tooth until load application, risk of root resorption of incisors or necrosis of them, distortion of dental arch form, the need for early extraction of primary canines, which is esthetically unfavorable for patients, and long-term presence of fixed orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity. This study aims to introduce approach that can be easily used by busy clinicians to guide palatally impacted canines into the dental arch using a cantilever spring supported by two palatal miniscrews prior to the initiation of fixed orthodontic treatment, and report some cases treated with this technique. This technique does not have the shortcomings of the conventional technique. In addition, the total duration of treatment, and duration of presence of orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity are shorter than the conventional technique. In addition, is less technique sensitive and do not need time complex and time consuming wire bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the success of the natural crowns of endodontically treated canine teeth in pet dogs, instrumented and obturated using rotary driven non-taper nickel titanium files, through an occlusal access preparation, without the placement of a prosthetic cast metal crown. A search of medical records at a private veterinary dental referral practice was conducted to identify pet dogs having had endodontic treatment of one or more canine teeth over an eleven-year period (2007-2018). Follow up, performed by the same veterinary dental specialist, included a complete oral health assessment under general anesthesia and included intraoral radiography thereby allowing close visual examination of the crown and restoration as well as assessing endodontic success. Time to follow up was between two and nine years after treatment with a mean of 4.5 years. Analysis revealed that 29/29 (100%) of the treated crowns maintained their stability and did not require extraction. 5/29 (17.2%) of the treated teeth had an enamel fracture requiring additional treatment to the crown after the initial treatment; 1/29 (3.4%) had additional abrasion but did not require treatment and 23/29 (79.3%) were found to have sustained no additional damage. This study supports endodontic treatment without the placement of a prosthetic crown in canine teeth in pet dogs when an occlusal access site is used as described in this paper. Further study is required on the increased risk of fracture of the remaining unaltered canine teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a recently described painful and progressive condition of unknown etiology that occurs in middle-aged and geriatric equines. It predominantly affects the permanent incisor and canine teeth and, less commonly, the premolar and molar dentition. EOTRH was first reported in peer-reviewed literature in 2008, with subsequent publications of case reports, histological studies and retrospective case series. There have been few significant research developments related to this disease. The existing studies have primarily involved single case studies or small sample sizes, without control groups. This review aimed to report current information about EOTRH in terms of clinical, histopathological, diagnostic, radiological, and therapeutic aspects, by searching the available peer-reviewed scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess which positional factors influence the decision to surgically remove or expose an impacted mandibular canine. Clinical and radiographic assessment are important considerations when treatment planning for the management of impacted mandibular canines. A cross-sectional study. The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, UK. The clinical notes and orthopantomogram radiographs were assessed for all patients aged 21 years or under who underwent surgical management of impacted mandibular canine teeth between 2017 and 2019. The following variables were recorded: angulation, horizontal position, vertical height, overlap of the adjacent tooth and bucco-lingual position of the canine. From the 67 patients and 77 canines included, surgical extraction was performed for 48 canines (62%) and surgical exposure was performed for 29 canines (38%). Chi-square and multivariable logistic regression revealed canine angulation to the midline, horizontal position of the canine root apex, vertical height of the canine crown and canine overlap of the adjacent tooth to be associated with the decision to remove or expose an impacted permanent mandibular canine (P < 0.001). The bucco-lingual position of the canine did not influence the decision to remove or expose an impacted permanent mandibular canine (P = 0.159). The decision to expose or remove an impacted mandibular canine is guided by its angulation, horizontal position and vertical position, and by the degree of overlap of the adjacent tooth. However, the bucco-lingual position is not related to the decision to surgically remove or expose an impacted permanent mandibular canine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Nonmetric dental traits and the shape, size, or number of dental anomalies are essential to various dental fields such as orthodontics, dental anatomy, anthropology, pathology, and forensic dentistry. Nonetheless, many are not well assessed worldwide. Moreover, most studies are limited to a few nonmetric traits. Therefore, we aimed to examine several nonmetric dental traits/anomalies. Methods: In this cross-sectional epidemiological study, ~ 9000 permanent teeth of 331 non-syndromic orthodontic patients (radiographs and dental casts) with fully erupted permanent dentitions (except the third molars and some cases of a few teeth missing or excluded) were evaluated by two observers, each twice, in search for 62 nonmetric traits/shape-number-size anomalies. The traits/anomalies of interest were supernumerary, microdontia, peg-shaped lateral, shovelings, talon cusps, Carabelli cusps, fifth/sixth/seventh cusps on the molars, hypocone/hypoconulid absence, protostylid, deflecting wrinkle‏s, canine mesial ridge, distal trigonid crest, canine distal accessory ridge, accessory cusps in the mesial/distal marginal ridges, mesial/distal accessory ridges, and accessory cusps in the lingual of the mandibular premolars and second molars). Data, at both patient/quarter levels, were analyzed regarding the associated factors (skeletal Angle classes, crowding, sex, and sides) as well as the correlations among traits, using the chi-square test and Spearman correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). Results: Prevalence rates of 44 traits/anomalies were reported (18 out of the 62 searched traits/anomalies were not found [prevalence = 0%]). Microdontia and accessory cusps on the marginal ridge of the second mandibular molars were significantly more common in women (P < 0.05). Canine talon cusp and distal trigonid crest of the second mandibular molars were more prevalent in men (P < 0.05). Shoveling, canine talon cusp, canine distal accessory ridge, and accessory cusp in the first premolar might be more prevalent in skeletal Angle class II; whereas, accessory cusp in the mesial marginal ridge of the second premolar might be rather more prevalent in skeletal Angle class I (P < 0.05). Few dental traits were positively and moderately or strongly correlated with each other (Spearman Rho ≥ 0.4, P < 0.0005). Conclusions: Sex dimorphism was uncommon in nonmetric dental traits/anomalies. Skeletal malocclusions may be associated with a few dental abnormalities or variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]