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The construction of exactly solvable refractive indices allowing guided TE modes in optical waveguides is investigated within the formalism of Darboux-Crum transformations. We apply the finite-difference algorithm for higher-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics to obtain complex-valued refractive indices admitting all-real eigenvalues in their point spectrum. The new refractive indices are such that their imaginary part gives zero if it is integrated over the entire domain of definition. This property, called condition of zero total area, ensures the conservation of optical power so the refractive index shows balanced gain and loss. Consequently, the complex-valued refractive indices reported in this work include but are not limited to the parity-time invariant case., Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures

Este documento que tiene por objetivo ofrecer una ruta básica de implementación de acciones para abrir con clave de participación ciudadana los gobiernos locales en Costa Rica, por medio de acciones en materia de transparencia, rendición de cuentas, colaboración y co-creación, que fomente la cohesión y solidaridad entre los agentes locales e impulse proyectos socialmente valorados. En este trabajo, la participación ciudadana se integra como parte del nuevo paradigma de gestión de la nueva gobernanza que impulsa el concepto de Gobierno Abierto, por lo tanto se exponen un glosario de términos, los avances del Gobierno Local Abierto en Costa Rica, la metodología de elaboración de este trabajo, el Modelo de Participación Ciudadana que la inspira, las competencias con las que debe de contar una persona funcionaria municipal para utilizar este instrumento, y las acciones propuestas en materia de participación ciudadana, transparencia, rendición de cuentas y co-creación. Finalmente, en este documento se propone la hoja de ruta para implementar la Guía ejecutando 11 pasos que pretenden facilitar su entendimiento en contextos municipales distintos

This document which aims to provide a basic route of implementation of actions to open governments with a citizen participation key premises in Costa Rica, through actions regarding transparency, accountability, collaboration and co-creation, which fosters cohesion and solidarity between local agents and promote socially valued projects. In this work, citizen participation is integrated as part of the new management paradigm of the new governance that promotes the concept of Open Government, therefore a glossary of terms, the progress of Open Local Government in Costa Rica, the methodology of preparation of this work, the Citizen Participation Model that inspires it, the competencies with which a municipal official must have to use this instrument, and the Proposed actions regarding citizen participation, transparency, accountability and co-creation. Finally, this document proposes the roadmap to implement the Guide by executing 11 steps that are intended to facilitate your understanding in different municipal contexts

All of the policies adopted or proposed so far to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus require immediate and extensive behavioral change. However, even when the benefit of the behavior change is supported by solid science, actually changing behavior is difficult. Doing so effectively requires an appreciation for how people learn behaviors, and translate information into action. Insights from the evolutionary human sciences can improve the behavioral change toolkit for researchers and policy makers. Specifically, effective behavior change policy should be based on an understanding of humans as a cultural and cooperative species. Socially transmitted information and culturally-informed motivations shape behavior change. The structure of social networks and how group identities map onto those networks in turn influence transmission dynamics. Information can spread from person to person, similar to the way diseases spread. Just as with disease, the epidemiology of information is subject to structural and behavioral influences on transmissibility. We show why and how 1) the pandemic poses several adaptive challenges with important tradeoffs, 2) people use social information to learn how to deal with these, and 3) people adopt social norms in a group-based context.

(1) Aim: In the present paper we analyzed the transcriptome of CSCs (Cancer Stem Cells), in order to find defining molecular processes of breast cancer. (2) Methods: We performed RNA-Seq from CSCs isolated from the basal cell line MDA-MB-468. Enriched processes and networks were studied using the IPA (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) tool. Validation was performed with qRT-PCR and the analysis of relevant genes was evaluated by overexpression, flow cytometry and in vivo zebrafish studies. Finally, the clinical relevance of these results was assessed using reported cohorts. (3) Results: We found that CSCs presented marked differences from the non-CSCs, including enrichment in transduction cascades related to stemness, cellular growth, proliferation and apoptosis. Interestingly, CSCs overexpressed a module of co-regulated Chromosomal Passenger Proteins including BIRC5 (survivin), INCENP and AURKB. Overexpression of BIRC5 increased the number of CSCs, as assessed by in vitro and in vivo zebrafish xenotransplant analyses. Analysis of previously published cohorts showed that this co-regulated module was not only overexpressed in basal breast tumors but also associated with relapse-free and overall survival in these patients. (4) Conclusions: These results underline the importance of Cancer Stem Cells in breast cancer progression and point toward the possible use of chromosomal passenger proteins as prognostic factors.

The energy spectra of two different quantum systems are paired through supersymmetric algorithms. One of the systems is Hermitian and the other is characterized by a complex-valued potential, both of them with only real eigenvalues in their spectrum. The superpotential that links these systems is complex-valued, parameterized by the solutions of the Ermakov equation, and may be expressed either in nonlinear form or as the logarithmic derivative of a properly chosen complex-valued function. The non-Hermitian systems can be constructed to be either parity-time-symmetric or non-parity-time-symmetric.

We report a new set of Laguerre–Gaussian wave-packets that propagate with periodical self-focusing and finite beam width in weakly guiding inhomogeneous media. These wave-packets are solutions to the paraxial form of the wave equation for a medium with parabolic refractive index. The beam width is defined as a solution of the Ermakov equation associated to the harmonic oscillator, so its amplitude is modulated by the strength of the medium inhomogeneity. The conventional Laguerre–Gaussian modes, available for homogeneous media, are recovered as a particular case.

Producción Científica, The construction of position dependent mass Scarf Hamiltonians of the trigonometric as well as the hyperbolic types is addressed by means of the factorization method and the Riccati equation. These Hamiltonians are shown to be independent of the ordering parameter of the kinetic term. Additionally, new families of Hamiltonians with the Scarf spectrum are also determined by supersymmetry. Some examples for masses with and without singularities are considered to illustrate our results.

We present a model based on effective pair interactions to describe the arrangement of sodium polystyrene sulfonate chains in suspension. The potential functions are obtained from the analysis of a...

In this work, we introduce a novel data-driven formulation, the Koopman-Linearly-Time-Invariant (Koopman-LTI) analysis, for analyzing Fluid-Structure Interactions (FSI). An implementation of the Koopman-LTI on a subcritical free-shear flow over a prism at Re=22,000 corroborated a configuration-wise universal Koopman system, which approximated the configuration's nonlinear dynamics with stellar accuracy. The Koopman-LTI also successfully decomposed the entwined morphologies of raw measurement into a linear superposition of frequency-based constituents. Most importantly, with random and anisotropic turbulence, the Koopman-LTI yielded frequency-wise identical modes for structure response and fluid excitation, thus establishing direct constitutive relations between the phenomenology of fluid and structure., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 multimedia files